CN104770172B - One kind quickly sets up the clonal cuttage and seedling culture method of clover - Google Patents
One kind quickly sets up the clonal cuttage and seedling culture method of clover Download PDFInfo
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- CN104770172B CN104770172B CN201510169107.3A CN201510169107A CN104770172B CN 104770172 B CN104770172 B CN 104770172B CN 201510169107 A CN201510169107 A CN 201510169107A CN 104770172 B CN104770172 B CN 104770172B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The clonal cuttage and seedling culture method of clover quickly is set up the invention discloses one kind, including：1. clover asexual multiplication seedling bed prepares；2. soil processing and sterilization；3. branch cutting concrete operation method；4. the management of cuttage seedling；5. the transplanting of vegetative propagation seedling；6. field management after transplanting.Using the method for the present invention, clover cuttage and seedling culture can be solved and taken root slowly, the low problem of survival rate.This method be adapted to rapidly and efficiently set up clover clone, with simple to operate, with low cost, rapidly and efficiently, and significantly shorten the seedling raise period of vegetative propagation, improve the survival rate of cuttage and seedling culture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of cultivation, more particularly to one kind quickly sets up the clonal cuttage and seedling culture side of clover
Method.
Background technology
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is pulse family clover, is annual or perennial flowering plant.By
It is high, nutritious in alfalfa yield, the good reputation with " King of Pasture ".Clover be plant in the world widest herbage it
One.Whole world Alfalfa Growing area produces alfalfa hay per year more than 200,000,000 tons, its protein content ten thousand hectares about more than 3000
Enrich very much, be the optimal herbage of feeding cow.Clover can as a kind of complete feed, its protein, energy and mineral matter and
The content of vitamin disclosure satisfy that the nutritional need of a variety of Livestock Productions.In addition, clover well developed root system, and with biological nitrogen fixation energy
Power is Soil building, the important ecological vegetable conserved water and soil.The dense strain Cong Zucheng of clover coating, can effectively prevent table
The erosion of layer soil.With the development of all kinds of ecological construction engineerings of China, clover has turned into returning farmland to grassland, dust storms sources control, stopped
Herd the preferred herbage gone back in the engineerings such as grass.To accelerating China's degeneration meadow revegetation, containment grassland degeneration and the modern grass of development
Ground animal husbandry is significant.
In recent years, with the fast development of China's alfalfa industry, New alfalfa cultivars, which are cultivated, turns into an important research class
Topic.Quick clover clone technology of setting up more and more is applied to New alfalfa cultivars seed selection, molecular marker assisted selection, clover
In the research process such as genetic map construction and whole-genome association.Clover vegetative propagation technique in general practical operation all
Show that rooting rate is low, slow-growing, the low shortcoming of survival rate, cause clover clone cultivate time length, take root it is slow, transplant into
The low problem of motility rate, and then influence the clonal acquisition efficiency of clover.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide it is a kind of rapidly and efficiently, it is simple to operate, with low cost and make clover without
The clover cottage method that property system greatly shortens in the cycle of setting up.
One kind quickly sets up the clonal cuttage and seedling culture method of clover, comprises the following steps：
(1) preparation of clover asexual multiplication seedling bed：
The place that during using crop field cuttage, selection physical features is smooth, divulges information on the sunny side, there is irrigation equipment, being easy to management, on ground
Excavate length, width and height size be 60cm × 20cm × 20cm cuttage ridge or with brick one wide size of growing tall be 60cm × 30cm ×
20cm cuttage groove, the cuttage trench bottom and surrounding paving plastics, spacing is provided with the plastics of the bottom of the cuttage groove
5cm, a diameter of 1-2cm water seepage hole；Load standby soil in the cuttage groove to flatten, pour permeable before cuttage；
During using potted plant cuttage, carried out in greenhouse, seedling-growing container is highly 15-20cm, and diameter is determined as needed, in institute
The bottom for stating seedling-growing container is provided with water seepage hole, according to the size of seedling-growing container, one plant of a basin cuttage or many plants；In the cuttage basin
Load standby soil to flatten, pour permeable before cuttage；
(2) preparation and sterilization of soil：Soil uses mass ratio for 1:1:1 Nutrition Soil, organic compost and land
Mixed soil, Nutrition Soil is the mixture of peat, perlite, coconut palm chaff, cleaning gravel and coating controlled-release fertilizer, the full nitrogen of its Main Nutrients
(N) 0.68g/L, phosphoric anhydride (P2O5) 0.27g/L, potassium oxide (K2O) 0.36g/L, except containing above a great number of elements, in the soil
Nutrient include full nitrogen (N) 0.68g/L, phosphoric anhydride (P2O5) 0.27g/L, potassium oxide (K2O) 0.36g/L and total content >=0.2g/L
Chelated microelements, land requirement is topsoil, applies organic compost, soil pH value tends to be neutral after mixing,
Soil is carried out disinfection before cuttage；
(3) cuttage of branch：The clover in squaring period-florescence is selected, upright healthy and strong branch is chosen during cuttage and makees female
Branch, cuts one section of stipes with 1 long 8-10cm of leaf segment from female branch middle and upper part and makees cutting, the cutting upper end is hung down with branch
Tiltedly cut at an angle with branch straight truncation, lower end, it is impossible to by socket cropping, break, cutting root is dipped in before cuttage and taken root
Powder ABT6 contents are cuttage again after 30 seconds in the solution of 200~500 mg/kgs, are inserted stipes bottom in soil during cuttage, stem
Basset 1-2cm in section portion；
(4) management of cuttage seedling：
It is divided into three phases：
I. take root the phase：Phase of taking root is 1-2 week after cuttage, and it is 70%-80% that soil moisture, which keeps field capacity, installs and determines
When spraying system, spray 1 minute within every 30 minutes, air humidity is reached more than 90%, meanwhile, it is 10 millis that concentration is poured daily
The ABT rooting powder solutions of g kg, environment temperature is maintained at 15-25 DEG C, and illumination should not be too strong；
II. budding time：When growth of cuttage seedlings begins to send out young shoot after 2 weeks, it is 70%- that soil moisture, which keeps field capacity,
80%, environment temperature is maintained at 15-25 DEG C, at this moment need not pour taking root liquid, and soil moisture and temperature keep constant, and timing is sprayed
System every 1 hour is sprayed 1 minute, and illumination is maintained at 16 hours；
III. into seedling stage:Cuttage seeding is grown after branches and leaves, and soil moisture is maintained at field water holding for 50%-60%, and air is wet
80%-90% is spent, temperature is maintained at 20-25 DEG C, and 16 hours daytime/8 hour of light application time are dark；
During outdoor cuttage, need to put up plastic canopy or roof insulating after cuttage is good, soil moisture content is in field after the cuttage of crop field
Between maximum water-holding capacity 50%-60%, air humidity controls in 80%-90%, and to keep uniform；
(5) transplanting of vegetative propagation seedling：Treat that cutting New shoot growth can transplant crop field, Seedlings nursery to more than plant height 15cm
Ground:Physical features is open, sunny, pollution-free for selection, draining is good, be difficult the region encroached on by flood, and seedbed is carried out before transplanting
Prepare, the same step of seedbed preparation method (1), seeding row spacing is designed according to test requirements document, transplant the day before yesterday and pour water, keep soil field
Water-holding capacity is digged pit in 50%-60%, transplanting and the whole strain band soil of cuttage seeding is put into hole and covers earthing and pour permeable；
(6) field management after transplanting.
It is of the present invention quickly to set up the clonal cuttage and seedling culture method of clover, wherein, the soil disinfection side of step (2)
Method is：Using solar disinfection, select to carry out in the time that temperature is higher, solar radiation is stronger, first by after ground moistening,
Transparent plastic film is covered, and is kept for the time of the 1-2 months.
It is of the present invention quickly to set up the clonal cuttage and seedling culture method of clover, wherein, the branch cutting in step (3)
Selection is carried out in the 5-6 months or the 9-10 months.
It is of the present invention quickly to set up the clonal cuttage and seedling culture method of clover, wherein, after the cutting of step (3) is cut
Such as can not cuttage immediately when, branch lower end is immersed in the water or wrapped up with wet tissue.
It is of the present invention quickly to set up the clonal cuttage and seedling culture method of clover, wherein, step (6) is specially：
Water capacity pours once permeable daily in 70%-80%, using the spraying one in every 30 minutes of timing spraying system
It is secondary；
Weed control, when rainy season, weed growth was vigorous, uses concentration for 0.15-0.195g/m2Herbicide lucerne grass it is net
Carry out weed control, or selection artificial weeding；
Fence, fence management is carried out to Seedlings nursery.
The present invention quickly sets up the clonal cuttage and seedling culture method difference from prior art of clover：It is of the invention fast
Run-up founds the clonal cuttage and seedling culture method of clover by have selected suitable cutting time, rational soil formula and optimal life
Root agent concentration, by specific cottage method and suitable condition of culture, carries out vegetative propagation by Alfalfa quickset, establishes one kind
Quick to set up the clonal cultivating system of clover, the method for the invention has simple to operate, with low cost, rapidly and efficiently and big
There is provided vegetative propagation efficiency for big shortening clover clone cultivation cycle.
The quick beneficial effect for setting up the clonal cuttage and seedling culture method of clover of the invention：
1. this method use science seedbed preparation, crop field cuttage and seedling culture bed be typically chosen physical features it is flat, on the sunny side ventilation, just
In management, long × a width of 60cm × 20cm cuttage ridge is excavated or with brick in the place with sprinkling irrigation equipment on ground on demand
One long × high × a width of 60cm × 30cm × 20cm or so cuttage groove, groove is interior and surrounding spreads plastics, between bottom land must leave
Away from 5cm, a diameter of 1-2cm water seepage hole prevents soil ponding.Load standby soil in groove to flatten, pour permeable before cuttage.It is potted plant
Cuttage can be arranged in greenhouse and carry out, and the high 15-20cm of seedling-growing container, diameter optionally determines that water seepage hole must be arranged at bottom, according to
The size of seedling-growing container a, basin can many plants or one plant of cuttage.Load standby soil in basin to flatten, pour permeable before cuttage.Because clover
Most avoid ponding, continuous ponding 1-2 days can mortality, thus bottom must have permeability hole to be easy to the discharge of excessive moisture.
2. this method uses the soil formula of science, in order to ensure cuttage branch Rapid Rooting and good growth, soil
There must be good nutrition, soil requirement is：Nutrition Soil, organic compost and land 1:1:1 is used in mixed way, and Nutrition Soil is important
Composition is：Peat, perlite, coconut palm chaff, cleaning gravel and coating controlled-release fertilizer, with fertilizer conservation, permeable, ventilative, nutrient sustained release
Up to 3 months.The full nitrogen of Main Nutrients (N) 0.68g/L, phosphoric anhydride (P2O5) 0.27g/L, potassium oxide (K2O) 0.36g/L, except containing
Above a great number of elements, is also easier the chelated microelements absorbed containing other important elements and plant, and trace element is total
Content >=0.2g/L,.Land requirement is topsoil.In view of clover happiness neutral soil growth, so applying stacked organic
Fertilizer, suitable alfalfa growing.Preferably soil is carried out disinfection before cuttage, method simple and easy to apply is solar disinfection, is typically chosen
Carried out in the time that temperature is higher, solar radiation is stronger.First by after ground moistening, transparent plastic film is covered, and keep
The time of the 1-2 months.By being ramping up for the soil moisture, causal organism in soil can be effectively killed, is effectively reduced on plant
Soil-borne disease.
3. this method selects suitable cuttage period, and the clover clone period of setting up should be selected in squaring period-florescence and be advisable,
Experiment confirms that the 5-6 months or 9-10 month cuttages are advisable, and suitable cutting time is the key that clone is efficiently set up, and too morning time is too
Evening can influence survival rate of plant.
4. this method uses the cottage method of science, and upright healthy and strong branch is chosen during cuttage and makees female branch, from female branch on
Portion cuts one section and makees cutting, the truncation vertical with branch of cutting upper end, lower end and branch with the stipes that 1 leaf segment is about 8-10cm or so
Bar is tiltedly cut at an angle, note can not by socket cropping, break, after cutting as early as possible cuttage preferably, as a period of time be unable to cuttage when,
Branch lower end can be immersed in the water or be wrapped up with wet tissue, it is wilted.Cutting root is dipped in root-inducing powder ABT6 before cuttage
Content by the solution of 200~500 mg/kgs after 30 seconds again cuttage (ABT6 is that Chinese forest-science academy's forestry research is developed into
A kind of wide spectrum with international most advanced level of work(, efficient, compound plant growth regulator, are widely used in herbage, farming
The cuttage and seedling cultures such as thing), stipes bottom is inserted in soil during cuttage, the stipes portion about 1-2cm that bassets is advisable.It should not expose too
It is many.
5. this method uses scientific and reasonable seedling management pattern, and seedling management is to determine cuttage success after cuttage
Key, miscarriage will reduce survival rate of plant, or even cause that all that has been achieved is spoiled.Branch cutting substantially undergoes three ranks to seedling
Section：1. take root the phase.Be within 1-2 weeks after cuttage cuttage branch phase of taking root it is strict to environmental condition requirement, soil moisture keeps field
Water-holding capacity is 70%-80%, and installs timing spraying system spraying in every 30 minutes 1 minute, air humidity is reached more than 90%,
Meanwhile, the ABT rooting powder solutions that a concentration is 10 mg/kgs are poured daily, and environment temperature is maintained at the growth of clover optimum
15-25 DEG C, illumination should not be too strong.2. budding time.When growth of cuttage seedlings begins to send out young shoot after 2 weeks, life at this moment need not be poured
Root liquid, soil moisture and temperature keep constant, can suitably reduce timing spray timings, but it is noted that when having enough illumination daily
Between；3. into seedling stage.Cuttage seeding is grown after branches and leaves, and soil moisture is maintained at field water holding for 50%-60%, air humidity 80%-
90%, temperature is maintained at 20-25 DEG C, and 16 hours daytime/8 hour of light application time are dark, it is not necessary to which timing is sprayed.During outdoor cuttage, by
In spring and autumn morning and evening temperature is relatively low, the temperature difference big, in order to ensure to need after survival rate, cuttage are good to put up plastic canopy or roof insulating,
Ensure the suitable humiture needed for growth.Temperature is too low too high to be all unfavorable for alfalfa growing, especially crop field cuttage and more to consider
Temperature at that time.Soil moisture content preferably stablizes the 50%-60% in maxmun field capacity after the cuttage of crop field.Air humidity is usual
Control is advisable in 80%-90%, and to keep uniform, it is to avoid environmental condition drastically changes.
6. this method uses suitable method for transplanting, treats that cutting New shoot growth can transplant crop field to more than plant height 15cm,
It should select that physical features is open, sunny, pollution-free, draining good Seedlings nursery, be difficult the region encroached on by flood, transplant and advance
Row seedbed preparation (ibid), seeding row spacing is designed according to test requirements document, is transplanted the day before yesterday and is poured water, keeps water-retaining quantity among field of soil to exist
50%-60%, being digged pit during transplanting and the whole strain band soil of cuttage seeding is put into hole covers earthing and pours permeable.
7. this method uses rational field management method, transplants the field management behind crop field to ensureing cuttage survival rate tool
Play the role of important, broad outlines are as follows：I, water and fertilizer managements, regular watering, it is ensured that soil moisture preferably installs sprinkling irrigation equipment,
Because seedling is smaller, never antecedent soil moisture.The nitrogenous fertilizer (1-2% concentration) of debita spissitudo can be increased during sprinkling irrigation.II, weeds prevent
Remove, weed control is particularly important to Seedling Stage, weeding can cause seedling to cannot get enough nutrients not in time, and influence to survive.
If vigorous in rainy season weed growth, the net (0.15-0.195g/m of herbicide lucerne grass may be selected2Concentration) weed control is carried out, or
Person selects artificial weeding.III, fences, Seedlings nursery, which wants fence to manage, prevents feed intake or trample.
Further is made to the quick clonal cuttage and seedling culture method of clover of setting up of the present invention with reference to specific embodiment
Explanation.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
One kind quickly sets up the clonal cuttage and seedling culture method of clover, comprises the following steps：
(1) preparation of clover asexual multiplication seedling bed：
The place that during using crop field cuttage, selection physical features is smooth, divulges information on the sunny side, there is irrigation equipment, being easy to management, on ground
Excavate length, width and height size be 60cm × 20cm × 20cm cuttage ridge or with brick one wide size of growing tall be 60cm × 30cm ×
20cm cuttage groove, the cuttage trench bottom and surrounding paving plastics, spacing is provided with the plastics of the bottom of the cuttage groove
5cm, a diameter of 1-2cm water seepage hole；Load standby soil in the cuttage groove to flatten, pour permeable before cuttage；
During using potted plant cuttage, carried out in greenhouse, seedling-growing container is highly 15-20cm, and diameter is determined as needed, in institute
The bottom for stating seedling-growing container is provided with water seepage hole, according to the size of seedling-growing container, one plant of a basin cuttage or many plants；In the cuttage basin
Load standby soil to flatten, pour permeable before cuttage；
(2) preparation and sterilization of soil：Soil uses mass ratio for 1:1:1 Nutrition Soil, organic compost and land
Mixed soil, Nutrition Soil is the mixture of peat, perlite, coconut palm chaff, cleaning gravel and coating controlled-release fertilizer, the full nitrogen of its Main Nutrients
(N) 0.68g/L, phosphoric anhydride (P2O5) 0.27g/L, potassium oxide (K2O) 0.36g/L, except containing above a great number of elements, in the soil
Nutrient include full nitrogen (N) 0.68g/L, phosphoric anhydride (P2O5) 0.27g/L, potassium oxide (K2O) 0.36g/L and total content >=0.2g/L
Chelated microelements, land requirement be topsoil, apply organic compost, soil is carried out disinfection before cuttage；
(3) cuttage of branch：The clover in squaring period-florescence is selected, upright healthy and strong branch is chosen during cuttage and makees female
Branch, cuts one section of stipes with 1 long 8-10cm of leaf segment from female branch middle and upper part and makees cutting, the cutting upper end is hung down with branch
Tiltedly cut at an angle with branch straight truncation, lower end, it is impossible to by socket cropping, break, cutting root is dipped in before cuttage and taken root
Powder ABT6 contents are cuttage again after 30 seconds in the solution of 200~500 mg/kgs, are inserted stipes bottom in soil during cuttage, stem
Basset 1-2cm in section portion；
(4) management of cuttage seedling：
It is divided into three phases：
I. take root the phase：Phase of taking root is 1-2 week after cuttage, and it is 70%-80% that soil moisture, which keeps field capacity, installs and determines
When spraying system, spray 1 minute within every 30 minutes, air humidity is reached more than 90%, meanwhile, it is 10 millis that concentration is poured daily
The ABT rooting powder solutions of g kg, environment temperature is maintained at 15-25 DEG C, and illumination should not be too strong；
II. budding time：When growth of cuttage seedlings begins to send out young shoot after 2 weeks, it is 70%- that soil moisture, which keeps field capacity,
80%, environment temperature is maintained at 15-25 DEG C, at this moment need not pour taking root liquid, and soil moisture and temperature keep constant, and timing is sprayed
System every 1 hour is sprayed 1 minute, and illumination is maintained at 16 hours；
III. into seedling stage:Cuttage seeding is grown after branches and leaves, and soil moisture is maintained at field water holding for 50%-60%, and air is wet
80%-90% is spent, temperature is maintained at 20-25 DEG C, and 16 hours daytime/8 hour of light application time are dark；
During outdoor cuttage, need to put up plastic canopy or roof insulating after cuttage is good, soil moisture content is in field after the cuttage of crop field
Between maximum water-holding capacity 50%-60%, air humidity controls in 80%-90%, and to keep uniform；
(5) transplanting of vegetative propagation seedling：Treat that cutting New shoot growth can transplant crop field, Seedlings nursery to more than plant height 15cm
Ground:Physical features is open, sunny, pollution-free for selection, draining is good, be difficult the region encroached on by flood, and seedbed is carried out before transplanting
Prepare, the same step of seedbed preparation method (1), seeding row spacing is designed according to test requirements document, transplant the day before yesterday and pour water, keep soil field
Water-holding capacity is digged pit in 50%-60%, transplanting and the whole strain band soil of cuttage seeding is put into hole and covers earthing and pour permeable；
(6) field management after transplanting.
The soil disinfection method of step (2) is：Using solar disinfection, selection is temperature is higher, solar radiation is stronger
Time carry out, first by after ground moistening, cover transparent plastic film, and kept for the time of the 1-2 months.
Branch cutting selection in step (3) is carried out in the 5-6 months or the 9-10 months.
The cutting of step (3) cut after such as can not cuttage immediately when, branch lower end is immersed in the water or wrapped up with wet tissue.
Step (6) is specially：
Water capacity pours once permeable daily in 70%-80%, using the spraying one in every 30 minutes of timing spraying system
It is secondary；
Weed control, when rainy season, weed growth was vigorous, uses concentration for 0.15-0.195g/m2Herbicide lucerne grass it is net
Carry out weed control, or selection artificial weeding；
Fence, fence management is carried out to Seedlings nursery.
Embodiment 2
One kind is quickly set up the clonal cottage method of clover and comprised the steps of：
First, clover asexual multiplication seedling bed prepares.The place of management is easy in the general choosing of crop field cuttage and seedling culture bed ventilation on the sunny side,
Long × a width of 60cm × 20cm cuttage ridge is excavated on ground on demand or with brick one long × height × a width of 60cm × 30cm
× 20cm or so cuttage groove, in groove and surrounding paving plastics, bottom land must leave spacing 5cm, a diameter of 1-2cm water seepage hole,
Prevent soil ponding.Load standby soil in groove to flatten, pour permeable before cuttage.Potted plant cuttage can be arranged in greenhouse and carry out,
The high 15-20cm of seedling-growing container, diameter optionally determines that water seepage hole must be arranged at bottom, according to the size of seedling-growing container, a basin can cuttage it is many
Strain or one plant.Load standby soil in basin to flatten, pour permeable before cuttage.Because clover most avoids ponding, continuous ponding 1-2 days
Mortality, thus bottom must have permeability hole to be easy to the discharge of excessive moisture.
2nd, soil processing and sterilization.In order to ensure cuttage branch Rapid Rooting and good growth, soil must have good
Good nutrition, soil requirement is：Nutrition Soil, organic compost and land 1:1:1 is used in mixed way, and Nutrition Soil is by constituting peat, treasure
Zhu Yan, coconut palm chaff, cleaning gravel and coating controlled-release fertilizer, with fertilizer conservation, permeable, ventilative, nutrient sustained release is up to 3 months.Mainly
The full nitrogen of nutrient (N) 0.68g/L, phosphoric anhydride (P2O5) 0.27g/L, potassium oxide (K2O) 0.36g/L, except containing above a great number of elements, also
The chelated microelements for being easier to absorb containing other important elements and plant, micro- total content >=0.2g/L.Greatly
Field soil requires to be topsoil.In view of clover happiness neutral soil growth, so applying organic compost, suitable alfalfa growing.
Preferably soil is carried out disinfection before cuttage, method simple and easy to apply is solar disinfection, be typically chosen in that temperature is higher, sun spoke
Penetrate stronger time progress (referring generally to noon summer).First by after ground moistening, transparent plastic film is covered, and keep 1-
The time of 2 months.By being ramping up for the soil moisture, causal organism in soil can be effectively killed, the soil on plant is effectively reduced
Pass disease.
3rd, branch cutting concrete operation method.The clover clone period of setting up should be selected in squaring period-florescence and be advisable, and try
The checking reality 5-6 months or 9-10 month cuttages are advisable, and suitable cutting time is the key that clone is efficiently set up, and the time is too early too late
Survival rate of plant can be influenceed.Upright healthy and strong branch is chosen during cuttage and makees female branch, one section is cut with 1 leaf from female branch middle and upper part
The stipes that section is about 8-10cm or so makees cutting, and cutting upper end truncation vertical with branch, lower end is tiltedly cut at an angle with branch,
Note can not by socket cropping, break, after cutting as early as possible cuttage preferably, as a period of time be unable to cuttage when, branch lower end can be immersed
Wrapped up in water or with wet tissue, it is wilted.It is 200~500 millis that cutting root is dipped in into root-inducing powder ABT6 contents before cuttage
In the solution of g kg after 30 seconds again cuttage (ABT6 is that having of being succeeded in developing of Chinese forest-science academy's forestry research is international advanced
A kind of wide spectrum of level, efficient, compound plant growth regulator, are widely used in the cuttage and seedling cultures such as herbage, crops), skewer
Stipes bottom is inserted in soil when inserting, the stipes portion about 1-2cm that bassets is advisable.It should not expose too many；
4th, the management of cuttage seedling；Seedling management is the key for determining cuttage success after cuttage, and miscarriage will
Survival rate of plant is reduced, or even causes that all that has been achieved is spoiled.Branch cutting is to seedling substantially experienced three stages：1. take root the phase.Cuttage
Be within 1-2 weeks afterwards cuttage branch phase of taking root it is strict to environmental condition requirement, it is 70%- that soil moisture, which keeps field capacity,
80%, and timing spraying system spraying in every 30 minutes 1 minute is installed, air humidity is reached more than 90%, meanwhile, one is poured daily
Secondary concentration is the ABT rooting powder solutions of 10 mg/kgs, and environment temperature is maintained at 15-25 DEG C of clover optimum growth, illumination
Should not be too strong.2. budding time.When growth of cuttage seedlings begins to send out young shoot after 2 weeks, at this moment need not pour taking root liquid, soil moisture and
Temperature keeps constant, can suitably reduce timing spray timings, but it is noted that have enough light application times daily；3. into seedling stage.Skewer
Seedlings plugging is grown after branches and leaves, and soil moisture is maintained at field water holding for 50%-60%, and air humidity 80%-90%, temperature is maintained at
20-25 DEG C, 16 hours daytime/8 hour of light application time are dark, it is not necessary to which timing is sprayed.During outdoor cuttage, due to spring and autumn morning and evening temperature
The relatively low, temperature difference is big, in order to ensure to need after survival rate, cuttage are good to put up plastic canopy or roof insulating, it is ensured that suitable needed for growth
Suitable humiture.Temperature is too low too high to be all unfavorable for alfalfa growing, especially crop field cuttage and more to consider temperature at that time.Crop field cuttage
Soil moisture content preferably stablizes the 50%-60% in maxmun field capacity afterwards.Air humidity is normally controlled in 80%-90%
Preferably, and to keep uniform, it is to avoid environmental condition drastically changes；
5th, the transplanting of vegetative propagation seedling, treats that cutting New shoot growth can transplant crop field, Seedlings nursery to more than plant height 15cm
Ground should select that physical features is open, sunny, pollution-free, draining good, be difficult the region encroached on by flood, and seedbed is carried out before transplanting
Prepare (ibid), seeding row spacing is designed according to test requirements document, transplant the day before yesterday and pour water, keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil in 50%-
60%, being digged pit during transplanting and the whole strain band soil of cuttage seeding is put into hole covers earthing and pours permeable.
6th, field management after transplanting.The field management behind crop field is transplanted to ensureing that cuttage survival rate has important effect,
Broad outlines are as follows：I, water and fertilizer managements, regular watering, it is ensured that soil moisture preferably installs sprinkling irrigation equipment, because seedling is smaller,
Never antecedent soil moisture.The nitrogenous fertilizer (1-2% concentration) of debita spissitudo can be increased during sprinkling irrigation.II, weed controls, weed control is to children
Seedling stage is particularly important, and weeding can cause seedling to cannot get enough nutrients not in time, and influence to survive.If in the life of rainy season weeds
Length is vigorous, and the net (0.15-0.195g/m of herbicide lucerne grass may be selected2Concentration) carry out weed control, or selection artificial weeding.
III, fences, Seedlings nursery, which wants fence to manage, prevents feed intake or trample.
Embodiment described above is only that the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described, not to the scope of the present invention
It is defined, on the premise of design spirit of the present invention is not departed from, those of ordinary skill in the art are to technical scheme
In the various modifications made and improvement, the protection domain that claims of the present invention determination all should be fallen into.
Claims (4)
1. one kind quickly sets up the clonal cuttage and seedling culture method of clover, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
(1) preparation of clover asexual multiplication seedling bed：
The place that during using crop field cuttage, selection physical features is smooth, divulges information on the sunny side, there is irrigation equipment, being easy to management, is excavated on ground
Cuttage ridge or be 60cm × 30cm × 20cm with brick one wide size of growing tall that length, width and height size is 60cm × 20cm × 20cm
Cuttage groove, the cuttage trench bottom and surrounding paving plastics, be provided with spacing 5cm on the plastics of the bottom of the cuttage groove,
A diameter of 1-2cm water seepage hole；Load standby soil in the cuttage groove to flatten, pour permeable before cuttage；
During using potted plant cuttage, carried out in greenhouse, seedling-growing container is highly 15-20cm, and diameter is determined as needed, is educated described
The bottom of seedling basin is provided with water seepage hole, according to the size of seedling-growing container, one plant of a basin cuttage or many plants；Load in the cuttage basin
Standby soil is flattened, and pours permeable before cuttage；
(2) preparation and sterilization of soil：Soil uses mass ratio for 1:1:The mixing of 1 Nutrition Soil, organic compost and land
Soil, Nutrition Soil is the nutrient bag in the mixture of peat, perlite, coconut palm chaff, cleaning gravel and coating controlled-release fertilizer, the soil
Include full nitrogen (N) 0.68g/L, phosphoric anhydride (P2O5) 0.27g/L, potassium oxide (K2O) 0.36g/L and total content >=0.2g/L Chelating state
Trace element, land requirement is topsoil, applies organic compost, and soil pH value tends to be neutral after mixing, right before cuttage
Soil carries out disinfection；
(3) cuttage of branch：The clover in squaring period-florescence is selected, upright healthy and strong branch is chosen during cuttage and makees female branch, from
Female branch middle and upper part cuts one section and makees cutting with 1 leaf segment, long 8-10cm stipes, and the cutting upper end is vertical with branch to put down
Cut, lower end is tiltedly cut at an angle with branch, it is impossible to by socket cropping, broken, and cutting root is dipped in into root-inducing powder before cuttage
ABT6 contents are cuttage again after 30 seconds in the solution of 200~500 mg/kgs, are inserted stipes bottom in soil during cuttage, stipes
Basset 1-2cm in portion；
(4) management of cuttage seedling：
It is divided into three phases：
I. take root the phase：Phase of taking root is 1-2 week after cuttage, and it is 70%-80% that soil moisture, which keeps field capacity, installs timing spray
Mist system, sprays 1 minute, air humidity is reached more than 90% for every 30 minutes, meanwhile, pour daily concentration be 10 milligrams/
Kilogram ABT rooting powder solutions, environment temperature is maintained at 15-25 DEG C, and illumination should not be too strong；
II. budding time：When growth of cuttage seedlings begins to send out young shoot after 2 weeks, it is 70%- that soil moisture, which keeps field capacity,
80%, environment temperature is maintained at 15-25 DEG C, at this moment need not pour taking root liquid, and soil moisture and temperature keep constant, and timing is sprayed
System every 1 hour is sprayed 1 minute, and illumination is maintained at 16 hours；
III. into seedling stage:Cuttage seeding is grown after branches and leaves, and soil moisture is maintained at field water holding for 50%-60%, air humidity
80%-90%, temperature is maintained at 20-25 DEG C, and 16 hours daytime/8 hour of light application time are dark；
During outdoor cuttage, need to put up plastic canopy or roof insulating after cuttage is good, after the cuttage of crop field soil moisture content in field most
The 50%-60% of big water-holding capacity, air humidity is controlled in 80%-90%, and to be kept uniform；
(5) transplanting of vegetative propagation seedling：Treat that cutting New shoot growth can transplant crop field to more than plant height 15cm, Seedlings nursery:
Physical features is open, sunny, pollution-free for selection, draining is good, be difficult the region encroached on by flood, carries out seedbed before transplanting accurate
It is standby, the same step of seedbed preparation method (1), seeding row spacing is designed according to test requirements document, is transplanted the day before yesterday and is poured water, keeps soil field to hold
Water is digged pit in 50%-60%, transplanting and the whole strain band soil of cuttage seeding is put into hole and covers earthing and pour permeable；
(6) field management after transplanting：Water capacity pours once permeable, using timing spraying system daily in 70%-80%
Spraying in every 30 minutes is once；
Weed control, when rainy season, weed growth was vigorous, dosage is 0.15-0.195g/m2Herbicide lucerne grass carry out only it is miscellaneous
Grass is prevented and kill off, or selection artificial weeding；
Fence, fence management is carried out to Seedlings nursery.
2. according to claim 1 quickly set up the clonal cuttage and seedling culture method of clover, it is characterised in that：Step (2)
Soil disinfection method be：Using solar disinfection, select to carry out in the time that temperature is higher, solar radiation is stronger, first
After ground moistening, transparent plastic film is covered, and kept for the time of the 1-2 months.
3. according to claim 2 quickly set up the clonal cuttage and seedling culture method of clover, it is characterised in that：Step (3)
In branch cutting selection 5-6 months or the 9-10 months progress.
4. according to claim 3 quickly set up the clonal cuttage and seedling culture method of clover, it is characterised in that：Step (3)
Cutting cut after such as can not cuttage immediately when, branch lower end is immersed in the water or wrapped up with wet tissue.
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| CN106034932A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-10-26 | 潜山县富源科技有限公司 | Osmanthus fragrans cutting seedling method |
| CN107211801A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-09-29 | 宁国市仙之居家庭农场 | The cuttage cultural method of Rubus chingii |
| CN107258301A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-10-20 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of asexual propagation method of feeding Job's tears |
| CN107409721A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-12-01 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of clonal cuttage and seedling culture method of clover |
| CN108935096B (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2021-07-16 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Method for planting alfalfa in typical grassland area under rain-fed condition |
| CN110651670B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2021-11-23 | 北京林业大学 | Alfalfa cuttage method |
| CN113115650A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-16 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Method for propagating alfalfa plant by branch cuttage |
| CN111133903B (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2022-01-28 | 青岛农业大学 | Alfalfa water culture cutting propagation method |
| CN112021013A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-04 | 宁夏农林科学院固原分院 | Asexual cuttage propagation method for alfalfa in semiarid region |
| CN112166846B (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2022-04-29 | 青岛农业大学 | Water planting cutting propagation method for alfalfa in cut shape |
| CN112690180B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2024-01-16 | 桂林市农业科学研究中心 | Chilli matrix seedling raising method |
| CN114402819A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-04-29 | 新疆农业大学 | Method for cutting and breeding medicago falcata |
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| CN102714992A (en) * | 2012-05-17 | 2012-10-10 | 西南大学 | Cutting cultivation method for alfalfa |
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