CN104126475B - A kind of method for planting of Artificial Control rest period peach tree - Google Patents

A kind of method for planting of Artificial Control rest period peach tree Download PDF

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CN104126475B
CN104126475B CN201410393041.1A CN201410393041A CN104126475B CN 104126475 B CN104126475 B CN 104126475B CN 201410393041 A CN201410393041 A CN 201410393041A CN 104126475 B CN104126475 B CN 104126475B
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peach tree
temperature
water
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peach
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CN104126475A (en
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赵春彬
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Abstract

What the present invention proposed is the method for planting of a kind of Artificial Control rest period peach tree.Selection through cultivation tray coordinates with setting, basin soil, planting-site is arranged, peach tree is planted, planting system, the management of vegetative growth phase, blooming period management, bloom temperature controls, florescence humid control, pollination, peach tree fertilizer and application process, use paclobutrazol regulation peach tree growing way, artificially feed to strengthen photosynthesis, insect pest preventing and controlling, cultivation tray are changed and control dormancy cultivation.The inventive method, by potted plant peach tree temperature, humidity, soil and fertility, is taked de-dormancy measure, is strengthened water and fertilizer management, it is achieved the annual caulocarpic purpose of potted plant peach tree.Suitably apply as potted plant peach tree cultivation management technology.

Description

A kind of method for planting of Artificial Control rest period peach tree
Technical field
What the present invention proposed is agriculture field fruit tree planting technique, the method for planting of a kind of Artificial Control rest period peach tree.
Background technology
Before the present invention proposes, owing to being affected by natural temperature, peach tree can only tie a Fructus Persicae within 1 year, it is impossible to repeatedly ties Fructus Persicae.
2004 Nian You experts' researchs are pointed out: " fruit tree dormancy and breaking dormancy thereof be one particularly significant with in practice in theory, and the problem not yet understood fully." 7.2 degree come across reaching the standard grade due to fruit tree dormancy in gardening association of U.S. annual report in 1932.Various countries scientist is studied by this standard.
Having expert to study and point out that 1.5 degree is rolling off the production line of dormancy, 12.4 degree is reaching the standard grade of dormancy.Expert points out that the temperature range of more than 18 degree is equivalent to a cold unit for 1 hour.
Fruit Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has been proposed for Fructus Persicae band leaf dormant technology, and its technology contents is: what the present invention proposed is forced dormancy culture method for peach with leave.Through spraying somnifacient to peach tree, make Fructus Persicae band leaf dormancy;Then carry out the artificial four sections of alternating temperature coolings of peach tree band leaf to process;In cooling simultaneously by light compensating lamp supplementary light;When reaching finally to lower the temperature, peach tree is sprayed chemicals for breaking dormancy and make its breaking dormancy;Pass through after breaking dormancy at peach tree root soil layer embedment also stalks mulching as heat booster, keep soil temperature more than 10 by fermentation, make peach tree grow;Light compensating lamp light filling is carried out to the fruit color phase at peach tree germination period.The inventive method, by peach tree plant is sprayed somnifacient, band leaf artificial hypothermia, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy, cooldown period artificially feed, biological heat booster heats and growth and development stage artificially feed processes step, it is possible to make Fructus Persicae ripe during the Spring Festival.Have effect obvious, convenient to carry out, regulate and control accurate and workable feature.Suitable Fructus Persicae and the cultivation of other fruit contral ripening phase are applied.
This technology is characterized by: uses somnifacient and the rest period of chemicals for breaking dormancy regulation peach tree, makes peach fruit list during the Spring Festival.Realize increasing the purpose of economic well-being of workers and staff.
International recognition peach tree has to pass through the athermobiosis of 0-7.2 degree and just can yield positive results, and therefore, annual peach tree can only tie once fruit.
The most external or domestic, the most successfully solve the annual repeatedly result difficult problem of peach tree.Therefore, how to realize the annual repeatedly result of potted plant peach tree, be the technical problem needing to research and solve.
Summary of the invention
In order to realize the annual repeatedly result of potted plant peach tree, the present invention proposes the method for planting of a kind of Artificial Control rest period peach tree.The method, by Artificial Control temperature, humidity, soil and fertility, solves the annual caulocarpic technical problem of potted plant peach tree.
The present invention solves the scheme that technical problem used:
The selection of cultivation tray and setting: selecting plastics, pottery or wooden flower-pot, cultivation tray diameter is between 30-50 centimetre, between deep 25-35 centimetre of basin.10 cm thick foamed polystyrene boards, above 20-30 centimetre of basin soil of filling is placed at basin inner bottom part.
Basin soil coordinates: river sand 1 part, fertile ground surface soil 1 part, decomposed cow dung 1 part, stirs as basin soil.
Planting-site is arranged: autumn, ditches in canopy in soil, furrow width 50 centimetres, ditch depth 50 centimetres, lays farm manure, lays straw above, spray yeast liquid, spray covering with plastic film after yeast liquid, form bioreactor on straw in ditch.
Peach tree is planted: selecting stalwartness, growth potential is good, and the Fructus Persicae Seedling without pest and disease damage is planted in the outer land of canopy or cultivation tray.Fructus Persicae Seedling is made to complete the vegetative growth phase.Time of planting in spring or the 10-11 month, temperature less than 20 degree 20 days during cultivation.Peach tree maintains the temperature at 30-35 DEG C during growing after planting, and maintains 30 days.
Planting system: planting system uses Y shape tree-like, both sides and each 45 degree of angles of trunk.Line-spacing 2 meters, spacing in the rows 0.75 meter or 0.5 meter, plant 450 strains for every mu.Twice water is watered, 2-3 water to be mended after covering film after cultivation.
The management of vegetative growth phase: after Fructus Persicae Seedling is planted, waters permeable, survives latter 25 centimeters during growth, pinches and goes 5 centimeters to stay 20 centimeters.-secondary water is watered every 5 days, peach tree special fertilizer of 10 days dissolved in water, until before blooming.
Blooming period management: treat peach tree Post flowering, water a water in every 20 days, when the flowers are in blossom 80% time, temperature is adjusted to 25 degree, when temperature controls to less than 12 degree, maintains 6 round the clock, use plant growing light irradiation daytime.Prohibit during the florescence and water.Peach tree Post flowering chases after 2 peach tree special fertilizers, after being spaced one month, within every 10 days, uses peach tree special fertilizer along with watering.
Bloom temperature controls: controls ambient temperature and yields positive results more than 18 DEG C.Summer, ambient temperature was less than 30 degree, lowered the temperature with sunshade net during temperature height.The flowers are in blossom 10% time at a temperature of drop to 23 degree.Flowers and fruits with time temperature not can exceed that 23 degree, without flower time the peach fruit phase temperature control between 25-28 DEG C.
Florescence humid control: florescence humid control to peach tree atomized water spray once, or was sprinkled water earthward in 55-65%, every morning.Keep florescence humidity between 55-65%.
Pollination: artificial and Apis combines pollination, and the flowers are in blossom, and half an hour was carried out by 4 hours.
Peach tree fertilizer and application process: in every part of fertilizer, add 1 part of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.35 part of phosphate fertilizer, 1.6 parts of potash fertilizer, and add calcium carbonate 0.1 part, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.15 part of ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate 0.05 part, boric acid or sodium tetraborate 0.03 part, mixing and stirring, as special compound fertilizer for peach.Using method uses soil directly make usage or become fertilizer solution pouring or Fertigation with water dissolution.
Use paclobutrazol regulation peach tree growing way: paclobutrazol is a plant growth regulators.Have and delay plant growing, suppression cane elongation, shorten internode, promote plant tillering, increase plant stress-resistance performance, improve the effects such as yield.In vegetative growth phase, florescence and the phase of bearing fruit, every strain is used or sprays 100 times of paclobutrazols.
Artificially feed strengthens photosynthesis: peach tree trophophase and peach fruit period of maturation carry out artificially feed, uses HONGGUANG plant growing light irradiation peach tree plant time sunny, and every 10-15 square metre uses power 40 watts, sunset to arrive post sunset 2 hours in previous hour.When third phase fruit maturation time point 4 hours.When the flowers are in blossom 80% time temperature rise 25 degree, when temperature can control to less than 12 degree, carry out 6 round the clock, daytime puts plant growth lamp, night not point.
Insect pest preventing and controlling: periodically indicate usage amount spray liquid, control punch disease, downy mildew, aphid, red spider by pesticide, push up tip leaf folder.
Cultivation tray is changed: after planting the proposition of wet of use water in latter 3 year spring, cuts lower peach tree Soil-in-Root with sharp knife and sticks together 3 centimeters, then change big basin, supplements basin soil.
Control dormancy: after the first growth cycle peach tree plucks fruit, in order to continue to make peach tree yield positive results, make peach tree under natural temperature, maintain 20 days, then to the aqueous solution of urea of peach tree foliage spray 8-10%, make peach tree disleave, control dormancy by disleave.After disleave, raising peach tree ambient temperature is at 23 DEG C-35 DEG C, makes peach tree flower bud germination, continues to yield positive results, the management of the second round such as period 1.
Good effect, the inventive method, by potted plant peach tree temperature, humidity, soil and fertility, is taked de-dormancy measure, is strengthened water and fertilizer management, it is achieved the annual caulocarpic purpose of potted plant peach tree.Suitably apply as potted plant peach tree cultivation management technology.
Detailed description of the invention
The selection of cultivation tray and setting: selecting plastics, pottery or wooden flower-pot, cultivation tray diameter is between 30-50 centimetre, between deep 25-35 centimetre of basin.10 cm thick foamed polystyrene boards, above 20-30 centimetre of basin soil of filling is placed at basin inner bottom part.
Basin soil coordinates: river sand 1 part, fertile ground surface soil 1 part, decomposed cow dung 1 part, stirs as basin soil.
Planting-site is arranged: autumn, ditches in canopy in soil, furrow width 50 centimetres, ditch depth 50 centimetres, lays farm manure, lays straw above, spray yeast liquid, spray covering with plastic film after yeast liquid on straw in ditch.Form bioreactor.
Peach tree is planted: selecting stalwartness, growth potential is good, and the Fructus Persicae Seedling without pest and disease damage is planted in the outer land of canopy or cultivation tray.Fructus Persicae Seedling is made to complete the vegetative growth phase.Time of planting in spring or the 10-11 month, temperature less than 20 degree 20 days during cultivation.Peach tree maintains the temperature at 30-35 DEG C during growing after planting, and maintains 30 days.
Planting system: planting system uses Y shape tree-like, both sides and each 45 degree of angles of trunk.Line-spacing 2 meters, spacing in the rows 0.75 meter or 0.5 meter, plant 450 strains for every mu.Twice water is watered, 2-3 water to be mended after covering film after cultivation.
The management of vegetative growth phase: after Fructus Persicae Seedling is planted, waters permeable, survives latter 25 centimeters during growth, pinches and goes 5 centimeters to stay 20 centimeters.-secondary water is watered every 5 days, peach tree special fertilizer of 10 days dissolved in water, until before blooming.
Blooming period management: treat peach tree Post flowering, water a water in every 20 days, when the flowers are in blossom 80% time, temperature is adjusted to 25 degree, when temperature controls to less than 12 degree, maintains 6 round the clock, use plant growing light irradiation daytime.Prohibit during the florescence and water.Peach tree Post flowering chases after 2 peach tree special fertilizers, after being spaced one month, within every 10 days, uses peach tree special fertilizer along with watering.
Bloom temperature controls: controls ambient temperature and yields positive results more than 18 DEG C.Summer, ambient temperature was less than 30 degree, lowered the temperature with sunshade net during temperature height.The flowers are in blossom 10% time at a temperature of drop to 23 degree.Flowers and fruits with time temperature not can exceed that 23 degree, without flower time the peach fruit phase temperature control between 25-28 DEG C.
Florescence humid control: florescence humid control to peach tree atomized water spray once, or was sprinkled water earthward in 55-65%, every morning.Keep florescence humidity between 55-65%.When humidity deficit, humidifier is used to humidify.
Pollination: artificial and Apis combines pollination, and the flowers are in blossom, and half an hour was carried out by 4 hours.
Peach tree fertilizer and application process: in every part of fertilizer, add 1 part of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.35 part of phosphate fertilizer, 1.6 parts of potash fertilizer, and add calcium carbonate 0.1 part, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.15 part of ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate 0.05 part, boric acid or sodium tetraborate 0.03 part, mixing and stirring, as special compound fertilizer for peach.Using method uses soil directly make usage or become fertilizer solution pouring or Fertigation with water dissolution.
Use paclobutrazol regulation peach tree growing way: paclobutrazol is a plant growth regulators.Have and delay plant growing, suppression cane elongation, shorten internode, promote plant tillering, increase plant stress-resistance performance, improve the effects such as yield.In vegetative growth phase, florescence and the phase of bearing fruit, every strain is used or sprays 100 times of paclobutrazols.
Artificially feed strengthens photosynthesis: peach tree trophophase and peach fruit period of maturation carry out artificially feed, uses HONGGUANG plant growing light irradiation peach tree plant time sunny, and every 10-15 square metre uses power 40 watts, sunset to arrive post sunset 2 hours in previous hour.When third phase fruit maturation time point 4 hours.When the flowers are in blossom 80% time temperature rise 25 degree, when temperature can control to less than 12 degree, carry out 6 round the clock, daytime puts plant growth lamp, night not point.
Insect pest preventing and controlling: periodically indicate usage amount spray liquid, control punch disease, downy mildew, aphid, red spider, top tip leaf folder by pesticide.
Cultivation tray is changed: after planting the proposition of wet of use water in latter 3 year spring, cuts lower peach tree Soil-in-Root with sharp knife and sticks together 3 centimeters, then change big basin, supplements basin soil.Water sufficient water.
Control dormancy: after the first growth cycle peach tree plucks fruit, in order to continue to make peach tree yield positive results, make peach tree under natural temperature, maintain 20 days, then to the aqueous solution of urea of peach tree foliage spray 8-10%, make peach tree disleave, control dormancy by disleave.After disleave, raising peach tree ambient temperature is at 23 DEG C-35 DEG C, makes peach tree flower bud germination, continues to yield positive results, the management of the second round such as period 1.By adjusting peach tree dormancy and recovery and growth promoter, it is achieved annual peach tree result 3 times.
Embodiment:
Illustrate as a example by Huludao Area, Liaoning Province plantation peach tree:
JIUYUE, by Fructus Persicae Seedling shift-in cultivation tray, can be plucked three Fructus Persicae every year, be January, February and May respectively.
Each florescence in month of this Fructus Persicae is January 3, February 3, April, May, June 15, July, August, JIUYUE 15 days, October 1, October 3, November 28, November 30, December 13 days, December 25 days.
8% carbamide disleave on August 15 is also lowered the temperature, and how much temperature is how many if having, 20 days.JIUYUE 5 days starts temperature 26 degree 20 days.JIUYUE 25 days starts temperature 30 degree, the flowers are in blossom 10% time at a temperature of drop to 23 degree.Flowers and fruits with time temperature not can exceed that 23 degree, without flower fruit in season temperature 25-28 degree.Sunny time point plant growth lamp, every 10-15 square of nanodot 40 watts, one, the bulb of suitable 27 degree of electricity.Sunset arrives post sunset 2 hours in previous hour.When third phase fruit maturation time point 4 hours.
Florescence humidity 60%, preferably every day 10 spray little mist once, and not too big, water is spread on frequent ground.Artificial and Apis combines pollination, and the flowers are in blossom, and half an hour was advisable by 4 hours.When the flowers are in blossom 80% time temperature rise 25 degree, when temperature can control to less than 12 degree, carry out 6 round the clock, daytime puts plant growth lamp, night not point, in order to strengthen shoot and leaf growth.Spend front disposable fertilizer, after spending, chase after 2 fertilizer, be spaced and chase after down with water for one month.Prohibit during the florescence and water.High temperature 35 degree is wanted during growth after cultivation.10 days one time liquid manure, is spaced 30 days.
August, early and middle ten days must do biological stalk reactor, and fertilising mu executes 30,000 jin of farm manures below, and paving straw stalk sprays bio-bacterial manure above.The deep 50 centimetres of upper covering films of furrow width 50 centimetres.Ground temperature can increase 6 degree, and canopy Wen Kezeng 3 degree, carbon dioxide can increase 5 times.Fructus Persicae must many nutrition and full nutrition, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium, magnesium, ferrum, boron, manganese.Nitrogenous fertilizer too much affects potassium and absorbs, and easily causes fruit drop.Do not execute chicken fertile, because there being uric acid impact growth year after year.Watering twice water after cultivation, to mend 2. 3 water after covering film, planting system is leaned now to one side, then to the other tree-like, each 45 degree of angles of thing.Line-spacing 2 meters, spacing in the rows 0.75 meter or 0.5 meter, mu plants 450 strains.After 3 years, strain produces 11 jin, 3 batches of fruits 1.5 ten thousand jin.Control on 10-August 10 July water, waters a water each moon later.Plant the time: 10-November of October 10 daily may be used.Temperature less than 20 degree 20 days during cultivation.Yield is 2 times of spring.It is good that spring carries Seedling.
Basin Fructus Persicae feature: Fructus Persicae happiness light, gas, acid, gas refers to the oxygen of root, and 2% is dead, and 5% starts growth, 10%~15% optimal oxygen content.Fructus Persicae avoid the moon, avoid wet, avoid alkali.Water permeable after cultivation, during growth, survive latter 25 centimeters, pinch and go 5 centimeters to stay 20 centimeters.At this moment every 5 days-secondary water, 10 days one time compound fertilizer, executes with water punching for 0.5 liang.During July 10,10 grams of paclobutrazols are executed in every strain, and spray 100 times of paclobutrazols, make a call to 100 times of paclobutrazols on July 25, make a call to 100 times of paclobutrazols again on August 20.Watering about 4 jin, summer can not surpass 30 degree every time, lowers the temperature with sunshade net, prevents from being dried up.Cut lower 3 centimeters with sharp knife after planting the proposition of wet of use water in latter 3 year spring and change big basin, 20 years can be grown.Post flowering waters a water in every 20 days, executes a fertilizer with water punching after Hua Qianhua.
No. 2 diameters of plastic tub 44 centimeters, below pad 5-10 centimetre waste polystyrene foam plate.Every mu of cultivation basin Fructus Persicae 500 basin.
Basin soil is constituted: sand 1 part, table ± 1 part, decomposed cow dung 1 part.Basin Fructus Persicae growth desired moisture level 70%, people institute band humidity 60%, substantially it is consistent.Room can be planted completely, if humidifier.
Insect pest preventing and controlling: shothole disease, downy mildew, aphid, red spider, top tip leaf folder.
Increase branch, one pinch on earth, except village's shape of leaning now to one side, then to the other.Beating paclobutrazol 100 times on July 10, the most every strain imposes 10-15 gram of paclobutrazol August 5, August 20 made a call to 100 times of paclobutrazols the most again.
The feature of the present invention:
This Fructus Persicae, without the athermobiosis of 0-7.2 degree, can be yielded positive results, so being not dormancy Fructus Persicae.Break the discussion about " Fructus Persicae belongs to deciduous fruit tree, and athermobiosis is impassable " of expert and textbook.The optimumitem got rich of booth, be also greening at home only-deciduous fruit tree type.Without movement after field planting.Also solve Fructus Persicae dormancy simultaneously and abolish and repair this global problem of dormancy.The method can make peach tree be planted in warmhouse booth, or in room, improves economy and sight.So compared with tradition peach tree cultural method, there is technological progress significantly, and there is substantive distinguishing features, so this kind of peach tree cultivation technology method is creative.

Claims (1)

1. a method for planting for Artificial Control rest period peach tree, is characterized in that:
The selection of cultivation tray and setting: select plastics, pottery or wooden flower-pot, cultivation tray diameter at 30-50 centimetre, deep 25-35 centimetre of basin;10 cm thick foamed polystyrene boards, above 20-30 centimetre of basin soil of filling is placed at basin inner bottom part;
Basin soil coordinates: river sand 1 part, fertile ground surface soil 1 part, decomposed cow dung 1 part, stirs as basin soil;
Planting-site is arranged: autumn, ditches in canopy in soil, furrow width 50 centimetres, ditch depth 50 centimetres, lays farm manure, lays straw above, spray yeast liquid, spray covering with plastic film after yeast liquid, form bioreactor on straw in ditch;
Peach tree is planted: selecting stalwartness, growth potential is good, and the Fructus Persicae Seedling without pest and disease damage is planted in the outer land of canopy or cultivation tray, make Fructus Persicae Seedling complete the vegetative growth phase, the time of planting in spring or the 10-11 month, temperature less than 20 degree 20 days during cultivation, peach tree maintains the temperature at 30-35 DEG C during growing after planting, and maintains 30 days;
Planting system: planting system uses Y shape tree-like, both sides and each 45 degree of angles of trunk, line-spacing 2 meters, spacing in the rows 0.75 meter or 0.5 meter, plant 450 strains for every mu;Twice water is watered, 2-3 water to be mended after covering film after cultivation;
The management of vegetative growth phase: after Fructus Persicae Seedling is planted, waters permeable, survives latter 25 centimeters during growth, pinches and goes 5 centimeters to stay 20 centimeters, watered-secondary water every 5 days, peach tree special fertilizer of 10 days dissolved in water, until before blooming;
Blooming period management: treat peach tree Post flowering, within every 20 days, water a water, when the flowers are in blossom 80% time, temperature is adjusted to 25 degree, when temperature controls to less than 12 degree, maintain 6 round the clock, use plant growing light irradiation daytime, night not point, prohibit during the florescence and water, peach tree Post flowering chases after 2 peach tree special fertilizers, after being spaced one month, within every 10 days, uses peach tree special fertilizer along with watering;
Bloom temperature controls: controls ambient temperature and yields positive results more than 18 DEG C, summer, ambient temperature was less than 30 degree, with sunshade net cooling during temperature height, the flowers are in blossom 10% time at a temperature of drop to 23 degree, flowers and fruits with time temperature not can exceed that 23 degree, without flower time the peach fruit phase temperature control at 25-28 DEG C;
Florescence humid control: florescence humid control to peach tree atomized water spray once, or was sprinkled water earthward in 55-65%, every morning, keeps florescence humidity at 55-65%, when humidity deficit, uses humidifier to humidify;
Pollination: artificial and Apis combines pollination, and the flowers are in blossom, and half an hour was carried out by 4 hours;
Peach tree fertilizer and application process: in every part of fertilizer, add 1 part of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.35 part of phosphate fertilizer, 1.6 parts of potash fertilizer, and add calcium carbonate 0.1 part, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.15 part of ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate 0.05 part, boric acid or sodium tetraborate 0.03 part, mixing and stirring, as special compound fertilizer for peach, using method uses soil directly make usage or become fertilizer solution pouring or Fertigation with water dissolution;
Use paclobutrazol regulation peach tree growing way: paclobutrazol is a plant growth regulators;Have and delay plant growing, suppression cane elongation, shorten internode, promote plant tillering, increase plant stress-resistance performance, improving yield, in vegetative growth phase, florescence and the phase of bearing fruit, every strain is used or sprays 100 times of paclobutrazols;
Artificially feed strengthens photosynthesis: peach tree trophophase and peach fruit period of maturation carry out artificially feed, HONGGUANG plant growing light irradiation peach tree plant is used time sunny, every 10-15 square metre used power 40 watts, previous hour of sunset to post sunset 2 hours, when third phase fruit maturation time point 4 hours;
Insect pest preventing and controlling: periodically indicate usage amount spray liquid, control punch disease, downy mildew, aphid, red spider by pesticide, push up tip leaf folder;
Cultivation tray is changed: after planting the proposition of wet of use water in latter 3 year spring, cuts lower peach tree Soil-in-Root with sharp knife and sticks together 3 centimeters, then change big basin, supplements basin soil, waters sufficient water;
Control dormancy: after the first growth cycle peach tree plucks fruit, in order to continue to make peach tree yield positive results, make peach tree under natural temperature, maintain 20 days, then to the aqueous solution of urea of peach tree foliage spray 8-10%, make peach tree disleave, control dormancy by disleave, peach tree ambient temperature is improved at 23 DEG C-35 DEG C after disleave, make peach tree flower bud germination, continue to yield positive results, the management of the second round such as period 1, by adjusting peach tree dormancy and recovery and growth promoter, it is achieved annual peach tree result 3 times.
CN201410393041.1A 2014-08-12 2014-08-12 A kind of method for planting of Artificial Control rest period peach tree Expired - Fee Related CN104126475B (en)

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