CN101720646B - Forced dormancy culture method for peach with leave - Google Patents
Forced dormancy culture method for peach with leave Download PDFInfo
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- CN101720646B CN101720646B CN2009102206578A CN200910220657A CN101720646B CN 101720646 B CN101720646 B CN 101720646B CN 2009102206578 A CN2009102206578 A CN 2009102206578A CN 200910220657 A CN200910220657 A CN 200910220657A CN 101720646 B CN101720646 B CN 101720646B
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Abstract
The invention provides a forced dormancy culture method for peach with leaves, which comprises the following steps of: spraying a somnifacient to a peach tree so that the peach with leaves enters dormancy; then carrying out artificial four-section temperature change and reduction processing of the peach with leaves; supplementing illumination by an illumination supplementing lamp during temperature reduction; spraying a dormancy breaking agent to the peach tree when the final reduced temperature is reached so that the peach tree is released from the dormancy; after the dormancy is broken out, leading the peach tree to grow by embedding and covering a straw on a soil layer of the root of the peach tree to be used as a temperature booster and fermenting to maintain the temperature of the soil layer to be more than 10 DEG C; and carrying out illumination supplementation by the illumination supplementing lamp from a peach tree sprouting period to a fruit coloring period. By the steps of spraying the somnifacient to a peach tree plant, artificially cooling the peach with leaves, spraying the dormancy breaking agent, artificially supplementing illumination in the cooling period, heating by a biological temperature booster and carrying out artificial illumination supplementation processing in the growing and developing period, the peach can be ripe in the period of the Spring Festival by the method. The invention has the characteristics of obvious effect, convenient implementation, accurate adjustment and control and high operability and is suitable for being used for controlling the culture of the ripe period of the peach and other fruits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of agriculture field fruit tree, specifically forced dormancy culture method for peach with leave.
Background technology
The facility cultivation of peach is the important form that peach produces, and has vast potential for future development, but conventional facility cultivation peach fruit mainly concentrates on ripe listing in 4～May, can only advance to late March the earliest, lacks bright peach supply during the Spring Festival.
At present, be used to adjust the universal method of fruit tree fructescence and be, in outdoor cooling naturally, leaf comes off naturally, gets into resting stage, and plastic covering booth on fruit tree leans on the temperature of booth to make the fruit tree breaking dormancy then, makes its germination, grows and yields positive results.Because adopt nature cooling dormancy method, dormancy is not thorough, behind the breaking dormancy, flower bud development is not full, and influence is bloomed and beared fruit, and fruit is not of uniform size, influences maturing stage and economy.Therefore, receive climatic influences easily and cause fruiting period indefinite, yield poorly poor quality.
In order to make fruit tree in time get into resting stage; The employing that has sprays dormancy agent on fruit tree; But because the composition effect is uncertain; Thereby effect is also obvious not to the utmost, adds the uncertainty and the problem that is difficult to control and regulate of greenhouse temperature, does not also often reach the problem of accurate setting fructescence.
Summary of the invention
Sleep and the setting fructescence with broken in order to control the peach dormancy, the present invention proposes forced dormancy culture method for peach with leave.This method is through spraying hypnotic and chemicals for breaking dormancy to peach, lower the temperature simultaneously and heat and adjust illumination, solves the technical problem that the peach maturing stage sets.
The scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention is adopted is:
1, sprays hypnotic
According to the peach bud developmental state, when bud and branch angle reach 50～70 ° in the middle part of the branch, spray hypnotic.
Hypnotic prescription: in every premium on currency, add 10～20 gram urea, 0.3～0.6 gram tween, add abscisic acid again, make abscisic acid concentration reach 50～200 micromoles, be mixed with the hypnotic aqueous solution.
When spraying hypnotic, spray 0.1～0.2 kilogram of hypnotic aqueous solution by every strain peach.
2, band leaf artificial hypothermia
When spraying hypnotic, peach is carried out the plastic tunnel protection, peach is grown in the greenhouse, and the open cold blower fan is set four sections alternating temperature coolings of body band leaf processing.
First section: reduced to 17 ℃ from 20 ℃ on the 1st～5 day;
Second section: reduced to 12 ℃ from 17 ℃ on the 6th～10 day;
The 3rd section: reduced to 6 ℃ from 12 ℃ on the 11st～15 day, and forced peach to get into deep-sleep.
The 4th section: after treating that the peach dormancy degree of depth reaches, with temperature adjusting to 2.1～7.2 ℃, the effective low temperature accumulation in the 13rd～17 day after cooling is handled reaches 3/2/3rds to four o'clock of peach chilling requirement, stops to lower the temperature.
3, the artificial light filling of cooldown period
In through four sections alternating temperature cooling processing procedures, also to keep blade simultaneously and carry out the artificial light filling of light filling lamp the tree body, light filling intensity is 40～100 μ molm
-2S
-1
When temperature in the greenhouse is reduced to 12 ℃, stop light filling, the light filling time is 6～18 o'clock of every day.
4, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy
After the peach cooling is accomplished, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy, make the peach breaking dormancy.
When spraying chemicals for breaking dormancy, spray the 0.1-0.2 kilogram chemicals for breaking dormancy aqueous solution by every strain peach.
Chemicals for breaking dormancy prescription: in every premium on currency, add 2～8 gram cyanamides, 3～6 gram potassium nitrate, 0.3～0.6 gram tween, 0.2～0.4 gram 6-benzyladenine, 0.8～1.6 gram gibberellin.
5, biological heat booster heats
Spray and carry out ambient soil behind the chemicals for breaking dormancy and heat, adopt biological heat booster to heat.
The preparation of biological heat booster is following: excavate wide 30～50cm in the ranks, dark 30～50cm, length with set the groove that width in the ranks is equal to; Then corn stalk, wheat straw, weeds are inserted; Spray to promote the bacteria agent of stalk fermentation simultaneously, the thick garden mould of landfill 10～20cm above the last stalk, during the garden mould landfill at two and middle every ventilation holes at a distance from about wide 20cm of 2～3 meters indwellings; For bacteria agent provides oxygen channel; Promote the stalk fermentation heating, after the garden mould landfill was intact, ventilation hole watered permeable from two.After biological heat booster preparation is accomplished the insulation of body root is set with the thick plastic foamboard complete closed of 10cm in ground.
6, the artificial light filling of growth and development stage
In germination period to the fruit color phase, utilize the light filling lamp in the morning with at dusk and cloudy day, snow day available light carry out the artificial light source light filling when dark at any time.
Good effect adopts the inventive method, through the peach plant sprayed hypnotic, band leaf artificial hypothermia, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy, the artificial light filling of cooldown period, biological heat booster heats and the artificial light filling of growth and development stage is handled, and can make peach ripe during the Spring Festival.Have and act on obviously, be convenient to implement, regulate and control accurate and workable characteristics.Use in the cultivation in suitable peach and other fruit control maturing stage.
Embodiment
The present invention carries out the cultivation method that peach is set the fructescence in the cold district greenhouse in the winter time.
The process following steps:
1, sprays hypnotic
According to the flower bud development situation, when bud and branch angle reach 50-70 ° in the middle part of the branch, spray hypnotic.
Hypnotic prescription: in every premium on currency, add 10～20 gram urea, 0.3～0.6 gram tween, add abscisic acid again, make abscisic acid concentration reach 50～200 micromoles, be mixed with the hypnotic aqueous solution.
When spraying hypnotic, spray the 0.1-0.2 kilogram hypnotic aqueous solution by every strain peach.
2, band leaf artificial hypothermia
When spraying hypnotic, peach is carried out the plastic tunnel protection, peach is grown in the greenhouse, and the open cold blower fan is set four sections alternating temperature coolings of body band leaf processing.
First section: reduced to 17 ℃ from 20 ℃ on the 1st～5 day;
Second section: reduced to 12 ℃ from 17 ℃ on the 6th～10 day;
The 3rd section: reduced to 6 ℃ from 12 ℃ on the 11st～15 day, and forced peach to get into deep-sleep.
The 4th section: after treating that the peach dormancy degree of depth reaches, with temperature adjusting to 2.1～7.2 ℃, the effective low temperature accumulation in the 13rd～17 day after cooling is handled reaches 3/2/3rds to four o'clock of peach chilling requirement, stops to lower the temperature.
Treat that the peach dormancy degree of depth reaches the darkest, the effective low temperature accumulation in the 13rd～17 day after cooling is handled reaches 3/2/3rds to four o'clock of peach chilling requirement and stops the cooling processing, with temperature adjusting to 2.1～7.2 ℃.
3, the artificial light filling of cooldown period
In through four sections alternating temperature cooling processing procedures, also to keep blade simultaneously and carry out the artificial light filling of light filling lamp the tree body, light filling intensity is 40～100 μ molm
-2S
-1
The effect of the artificial light filling of cooldown period is to impel peach bud further to grow, and when temperature is reduced to 12 ℃, stops light filling, and the light filling time is 6～18 o'clock of every day.
4, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy
After the peach cooling is accomplished, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy, make the peach breaking dormancy.
Chemicals for breaking dormancy prescription: in every premium on currency, add 2～8 gram cyanamides, 3～6 gram potassium nitrate, 0.3～0.6 gram tween, 0.2～0.4 gram 6-benzyladenine, 0.8～1.6 gram gibberellin.
When spraying chemicals for breaking dormancy, spray the 0.1-0.2 kilogram chemicals for breaking dormancy aqueous solution by every strain peach.After spraying chemicals for breaking dormancy the peach dormancy is removed fully, thereby the heating-up time is further shifted to an earlier date.
5, biological heat booster heats
Spray and carry out ambient soil behind the chemicals for breaking dormancy and heat, adopt biological heat booster to heat.
The preparation of biological heat booster is following: excavate wide 30～50cm in the ranks, dark 30～50cm, length with set the groove that width in the ranks is equal to; Then corn stalk, wheat straw, weeds are inserted; Spray to promote the bacteria agent of stalk fermentation simultaneously, the thick garden mould of landfill 10～20cm above the last stalk, during the garden mould landfill at two and middle every ventilation holes at a distance from about wide 20cm of 2～3 meters indwellings; For bacteria agent provides oxygen channel; Promote the stalk fermentation heating, after the garden mould landfill was intact, ventilation hole watered permeable from two.After biological heat booster preparation is accomplished with ground with the thick plastic foamboard complete closed of 10cm, so that the temperature that keeps root system to suit.Prevent the temperature that ground temperature receives the influence of temperature cooling and can not keep root system is suited.
When tree body overground part takes to be with four sections alternating temperature coolings of leaf to handle; Partly take biological heat booster to heat for the underground part root system; Can keep the root system soil temperature more than 10 ℃; Prevent that root system from receiving freeze injury or damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, and influences growing of root system, and then influence the releasing of peach bud dormancy and the setting of blooming of peach.
6, the artificial light filling of growth and development stage
In germination period to the fruit color phase, utilize the light filling lamp to carry out the artificial light source light filling more than 2 hours with the dusk in the morning, carry out the artificial light source light filling at any time when cloudy day while, snow sky available light dark, every day, light filling was more than 3 hours.Can effectively overcome the harmful effect that the short-day environment grows and causes peach through the artificial light source light filling.Generally at 667m
250～60 50～100 watts of light filling lamps are set in the booth, and the light filling lamp is positioned at about 1m place, tree body top.
Heat up during the greenhouse management of back, sunshine duration decrescence.Owing to receive the short-day environmental influence; The peach young sprout stops too early long, and the growth of young sprout leaf area is not enough, and the leaf area of considerable part fails to reach the normal physiological standard; The photosynthesis weak effect; Influence setting and hinder fruit to continue to expand, have a strong impact on fruit yield and quality, so must carry out the artificial light source light filling.
The light filling lamp adopts fluorescent lamp, incandescent lamp or Biological lamp.
Claims (2)
1. forced dormancy culture method for peach with leave, through spraying hypnotic, band leaf artificial hypothermia, the artificial light filling of cooldown period, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy, biological heat booster heats and the artificial light filling step of growth and development stage, it is characterized in that:
(1), sprays hypnotic: according to the flower bud development situation, when bud and branch angle reach 50-70 ° in the middle part of the branch, spray hypnotic, when spraying hypnotic, spray 0.1～0.2 kilogram of hypnotic aqueous solution by every strain peach;
Hypnotic prescription: in every premium on currency, add 10～20 gram urea, 0.3～0.6 gram tween, add abscisic acid again, make abscisic acid concentration reach 50～200 micromoles, be mixed with the hypnotic aqueous solution;
(2), band leaf artificial hypothermia: when spraying hypnotic, peach is carried out the plastic tunnel protection, and the open cold blower fan is set four sections alternating temperatures coolings of body band leaf and handled first section: reduced to 17 ℃ from 20 ℃ on the 1st～5 day; Second section: reduced to 12 ℃ from 17 ℃ on the 6th～10 day; The 3rd section: reduced to 6 ℃ from 12 ℃ on the 11st～15 day, and forced peach to get into deep-sleep; The 4th section: after treating that the peach dormancy degree of depth reaches, with temperature adjusting to 2.1～7.2 ℃, the effective low temperature accumulation in the 13rd～17 day after cooling is handled reaches 3/2/3rds to four o'clock of peach chilling requirement, stops to lower the temperature;
(3), the artificial light filling of cooldown period: in four sections alternating temperature cooling processing procedures, also will keep blade to the tree body simultaneously and carry out the artificial light filling of light filling lamp, light filling intensity is 40～100 μ molm
-2S
-1When temperature is reduced to 12 ℃, stop light filling, the light filling time is 6～18 o'clock of every day;
(4), spray chemicals for breaking dormancy: after cooling is finished dealing with, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy, spray the 0.1-0.2 kilogram chemicals for breaking dormancy aqueous solution, the peach dormancy is removed fully by every strain peach;
Chemicals for breaking dormancy prescription: in every premium on currency, add 2～8 gram cyanamides, 3～6 gram potassium nitrate, 0.3～0.6 gram tween, 0.2～0.4 gram 6-benzyladenine, 0.8～1.6 gram gibberellin;
(5), biological heat booster heats: spray and carry out ambient soil behind the chemicals for breaking dormancy and heat, adopt biological heat booster to heat;
The preparation of biological heat booster is following: excavate wide 30～50cm in the ranks, dark 30～50cm, length with set the groove that width in the ranks is equal to; Then corn stalk, wheat straw, weeds are inserted; Spray to promote the bacteria agent of stalk fermentation simultaneously, the thick garden mould of landfill 10～20cm above the last stalk, during the garden mould landfill at two and middle every ventilation holes at a distance from about wide 20cm of 2～3 meters indwellings; For bacteria agent provides oxygen channel; Promote the stalk fermentation heating, after the garden mould landfill was intact, ventilation hole watered permeable from two; After biological heat booster preparation is accomplished with ground with the thick plastic foamboard complete closed of 10cm, so that the temperature that keeps root system to suit; Prevent the temperature that ground temperature receives the influence of temperature cooling and can not keep root system is suited, peach root soil temperature is remained on more than 10 ℃;
(6), the artificial light filling of growth and development stage: in germination period to the fruit color phase; Utilize the light filling lamp respectively to carry out the artificial light source light filling more than 2 hours in every morning and the dusk; Cloudy day while, snow day available light carry out the artificial light source light filling when dark at any time, and on average every day, light filling was more than 3 hours.
2. forced dormancy culture method for peach with leave according to claim 1 is characterized in that: at 667m
250～60 50～100 watts light filling lamp is set in the booth, and the light filling lamp is positioned at the 1m place, top of tree body treetop.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009102206578A CN101720646B (en) | 2009-12-11 | 2009-12-11 | Forced dormancy culture method for peach with leave |
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| CN2009102206578A CN101720646B (en) | 2009-12-11 | 2009-12-11 | Forced dormancy culture method for peach with leave |
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| CN101720646B true CN101720646B (en) | 2012-05-30 |
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| CN105875315A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2016-08-24 | 山东农业大学 | Protected non-dormancy peach cultivation method |
| CN106973739A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2017-07-25 | 重庆柯雷农业发展有限公司 | The implantation methods of crisp peach |
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| CN108207473A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-29 | 和县万源生态种养殖家庭农场 | A kind of method for planting of manual control rest period peach |
| CN109793005A (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2019-05-24 | 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 | Dormancy awakening chemical ongrape and the method for releasing grape winter buds dormancy ahead of time in facility |
| CN110622847B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2022-01-28 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Branch culture device for measuring cooling capacity required by peaches |
| CN111316856A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-23 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Cultivation method for promoting high yield of two-season golden locust |
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