CN102197777A - Dormancy control method for promoting early maturing of grapes under protected cultivation - Google Patents
Dormancy control method for promoting early maturing of grapes under protected cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN102197777A CN102197777A CN 201110122477 CN201110122477A CN102197777A CN 102197777 A CN102197777 A CN 102197777A CN 201110122477 CN201110122477 CN 201110122477 CN 201110122477 A CN201110122477 A CN 201110122477A CN 102197777 A CN102197777 A CN 102197777A
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Abstract
The invention provides a dormancy control method for promoting the early maturing of grapes under protected cultivation. In the method, grapes with leaves are made to enter dormancy by setting temperature, and the dormancy can be broken by spraying or spreading a dormancy breaking agent prepared by mixing lime nitrogen and potassium nitrate according to a mass ratio of 1:(1-1.5). By setting temperature to enable the grapes with leaves to enter dormancy and spraying or spreading the dormancy breaking agent to break the dormancy of the branch buds of the grapes in advance, the method can promote the early maturing of the grapes and bring forward the fruit maturing period by more than 10 days, so that the fruit maturing and marketing time of the grapes subjected to early maturing promotion under protected cultivation can be controlled favorably. The method is suitable for promoting the early maturing of grapes under protected cultivation.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention proposed is the method in plant cultivation field, specifically the short method of early cultivating the dormancy regulation and control of facility grape.
Background technology
Recent two decades comes, and China's facility grape industry development is very fast, by 2010 the end of the year China's facility grape area surpass 900,000 mu, be sure to occupy the first in the world.Wherein the correctness of dormancy regulation and control plays an important role to the healthy sustainable development of China's facility grape industry.In the short cultivation early of facility grape, after grape entered deep dormancy, the chilling requirement that has only termination of diapause promptly to satisfy kind could begin to heat, can cause not rudiment otherwise heat too early, or rudiment delay and irregular, and shoot growth is inconsistent, inflorescence is degenerated, degradation problem under the berry yield and quality.Therefore, in the short cultivation early of facility grape, take measures on customs clearance usually, make grape dormancy ahead relieving, urge early to produce so that detain the canopy intensification ahead of time.
Summary of the invention
In order to realize making the dormancy ahead relieving of grape, further the facility grape button canopy heating-up time reaches short purpose of early producing ahead of time, the present invention proposes the short method of early cultivating the dormancy regulation and control of facility grape.This method is by the dormancy of design temperature band leaf and use the chemicals for breaking dormancy breaking dormancy, solves the short technical problem of early cultivating the dormancy regulation and control of facility grape.
The scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention is adopted is:
1, grape design temperature band leaf dormancy
Before grape leave was not subjected to the frost injury, button canopy heat insulation protecting blade guaranteed that leaf nutrient fully is back in the bud and branch of grape.
When early winter in late autumn, daily mean temperature was stablized by 7 ℃～10 ℃, beginning design temperature band leaf sleep operation.
The temperature treatment measure of grape design temperature band leaf dormancy: beginning to be lower than 0 ℃ of period to the minimum air temperature from viticulture facility covering insulation material is precooling early stage, this period, open thermal insulated material for covering night and open ventilating opening, allow cold air enter, daytime, covering insulation material and close ventilating opening kept the low temperature in the facility; From the minimum air temperature be lower than 0 ℃ begin to daytime most of time-temperatures to be lower than 0 ℃ of period be precooling mid-term, at this moment the phase, covering insulation material prevents that nocturnal temperature is low excessively round the clock; Since daytime most of time-temperatures to be lower than 0 ℃ of beginning to intensification period be the precooling later stage, phase at this moment, night covering insulation material, partly open thermal insulated material for covering daytime, allows temperature gos up in the facility, rise to 7 ℃～10 ℃ after covering insulation material.
The temperature treatment principle of grape design temperature band leaf dormancy is that the interior overwhelming majority of viticulture facility time temperature are maintained between 0 ℃～9 ℃.
2, the grape twig sprays or smears chemicals for breaking dormancy
The chemicals for breaking dormancy prescription: calcium cyanamide and potassium nitrate are mixed, and the quality that is mixed is calcium cyanamide: potassium nitrate=1:1-1.5 than ratio.
The chemicals for breaking dormancy using method:
Spray or smear period: short cultivation morning of temperate zone area grape, for making the dormancy ahead relieving, short bud is neat in advance to be sprouted, and needs effective low temperature accumulation to reach 3/2/3rds to four o'clock of grape chilling requirement and uses 1 time; The outdoor cropping of subtropics and torrid areas grape, bud is normal neat to be sprouted in order to make, and needs before rudiment use in 20～30 days 1 time.
Weather when spraying or smearing and temperature regime: select the fine day of temperature between 10 ℃～20 ℃, generally carry out 2-5 days after intensification.
The method that sprays or smear: directly spray grape resting shoot (must spray evenly thoughtful) or directly smear the grape sleeping bud; Re-use the broken dormancy of chemicals for breaking dormancy after perhaps sleeping bud top branch being carved wound, improve broken dormancy effect with blade and saw blade.
Good effect: the inventive method is by the leaf dormancy of grape design temperature band and spray or smear chemicals for breaking dormancy and make grape dormancy ahead relieving, thereby reaches the purpose that makes the listing of facility grape ripen in advance.Use in the short cultivation early of suitable facility grape.
Embodiment
1, grape design temperature band leaf dormancy
Before grape leave was not subjected to the frost injury, button canopy heat insulation protecting blade guaranteed that leaf nutrient fully is back in the branch and bud of grape.
When early winter in late autumn, daily mean temperature was stablized by 7 ℃～10 ℃, beginning design temperature band leaf sleep operation.
The dormancy of grape band leaf helps promoting nutrient accumulation in the branch and bud that leaf nutrition is back to grape, helps sprouting and the growth of grape twig.
The temperature treatment measure of grape design temperature band leaf dormancy: precooling in earlier stage, begin when the minimum air temperature is lower than 0 ℃ from viticulture facility covering insulation material, open thermal insulated material for covering night and open ventilating opening, allow cold air enter, daytime, covering insulation material and close ventilating opening kept the low temperature in the facility; Precooling mid-term is lower than 0 ℃ when beginning to daytime that most of time temperature are lower than 0 ℃ from the minimum air temperature, and covering insulation material prevents that nocturnal temperature is low excessively round the clock; The precooling later stage, since daytime most of time temperature be lower than 0 ℃ of beginning when heating up, night covering insulation material, partly open thermal insulated material for covering daytime, allows temperature gos up in the facility, rise to 7 ℃～10 ℃ after covering insulation material.
By on the viticulture facility, covering or opening insulation material, keep the interior temperature of viticulture facility between 0 ℃～9 ℃.The interior temperature of facility is remained in the temperature range that helps breaking dormancy; Avoid ground temperature low excessively on the other hand, temperature and ground temperature are harmonious when being beneficial to heat up.
By the dormancy of grape design temperature band leaf, promote finishing of grape sleep procedure, for physiological foundation is established in the growth and the sprouting of bud.After the grape dormancy is finished, can detain the canopy intensification and urge cultivation and production early.For the time that the short button of cultivation early canopy heats up is further shifted to an earlier date, need to use dormancy awakening chemical ongrape to make grape dormancy ahead relieving.
2, the grape twig sprays or smears chemicals for breaking dormancy
The chemicals for breaking dormancy prescription: calcium cyanamide and potassium nitrate are mixed, and the quality that is mixed is calcium cyanamide: potassium nitrate=1:1-1.5 than ratio.
The chemicals for breaking dormancy using method:
Spray or smear period: short cultivation morning of temperate zone area grape makes the dormancy ahead relieving, and short bud is sprouted in advance, needs effective low temperature accumulation to reach 3/2/3rds to four o'clock of grape chilling requirement and uses 1 time; The outdoor cropping of subtropics and torrid areas grape, bud is normal neat to be sprouted in order to make, and needs before rudiment use in 20～30 days 1 time; The period of using is too early, need chemicals for breaking dormancy concentration big, and shoot growth is seriously limited; The period of using is late excessively, occurs poisoning easily.
The grape chilling requirement is effective low temperature units of instigating the grape termination of diapause required, according to the kind difference, generally between the effective low temperature unit of 400-1500.
Weather when spraying or smearing and temperature regime: use danger for reducing, and improve result of use, chemicals for breaking dormancy sprays or smears generally should select fine weather to carry out, and temperature should cancel spraying or smearing when temperature is lower than 5 ℃ between 10 ℃～20 ℃.
The method that sprays or smear: directly evenly spray application to the grape resting shoot or directly smear the grape sleeping bud; Or with blade and saw blade grape sleeping bud top branch is carved and to be re-used that chemicals for breaking dormancy is broken sleeps after hindering, improve broken dormancy effect.
The contrast experiment shows that the fructescence of the fructescence of adopting short cultivation morning of the inventive method facility grape than conventional short Zao cultivation shifted to an earlier date more than 10 days, helped the short time of early cultivating maturation and list marketing of control device grape more.
Claims (1)
1. facility grape is cultivated the method that dormancy is regulated and control short morning, it is characterized in that:
The dormancy of grape design temperature band leaf
Before grape leave was not subjected to the frost injury, button canopy heat insulation protecting blade guaranteed that leaf nutrient fully is back in the branch and bud of grape;
When early winter in late autumn, daily mean temperature was stablized by 7 ℃～10 ℃, beginning design temperature band leaf sleep operation;
The temperature treatment measure of grape design temperature band leaf dormancy: precooling in earlier stage, begin when the minimum air temperature is lower than 0 ℃ from viticulture facility covering insulation material, open thermal insulated material for covering night and open ventilating opening, allow cold air enter, daytime, covering insulation material and close ventilating opening kept the low temperature in the facility; Precooling mid-term is lower than 0 ℃ when beginning to daytime that most of time-temperatures are lower than 0 ℃ from the minimum air temperature, and covering insulation material prevents that nocturnal temperature is low excessively round the clock; The precooling later stage, since daytime most of time-temperatures be lower than 0 ℃ of beginning when heating up, night covering insulation material, partly open thermal insulated material for covering daytime, allows temperature gos up in the facility, rise to 7 ℃～10 ℃ after covering insulation material;
The grape twig sprays or smears chemicals for breaking dormancy
The chemicals for breaking dormancy prescription: calcium cyanamide and potassium nitrate are mixed, and the quality that is mixed is calcium cyanamide: potassium nitrate=1:1-1.5 than ratio;
The chemicals for breaking dormancy using method:
Spray or smear period: short cultivation morning of temperate zone area grape, for making the dormancy ahead relieving, short bud is neat in advance to be sprouted, and needs effective low temperature accumulation to reach 3/2/3rds to four o'clock of grape chilling requirement and uses 1 time; The outdoor cropping of subtropics and torrid areas grape, bud is normal neat to be sprouted in order to make, and needs before rudiment use in 20～30 days 1 time;
Weather when spraying or smearing and temperature regime: select the fine day of temperature between 10 ℃～20 ℃, generally carry out 2-5 days after intensification;
The method that sprays or smear: directly evenly spray application to the grape resting shoot or directly smear on the grape sleeping bud; With blade or saw blade sleeping bud top branch is carved and to be sprayed chemicals for breaking dormancy again after hindering and to improve brokenly the dormancy effect.
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| CN 201110122477 CN102197777A (en) | 2011-05-12 | 2011-05-12 | Dormancy control method for promoting early maturing of grapes under protected cultivation |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102599191A (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2012-07-25 | 山东省化工研究院 | Calcium cyanamide oil suspension |
| CN103380711A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-11-06 | 徐小菊 | Early-maturing cultivation method for grapes |
| CN105248242A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-01-20 | 大理时代农业科技发展有限公司 | Early-maturing grape cultivation method |
| CN105284850A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-02-03 | 成都观智农业科技有限公司 | Application of thidiazuron soluble concentrate in grape planting |
| CN105325255A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-02-17 | 安徽林海园林绿化工程有限公司 | Planting method capable of promoting early fruiting of grape |
| CN106857664A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-20 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of chemicals for breaking dormancy for releasing grape physiological dormancy |
| CN107333552A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-11-10 | 合肥元政农林生态科技有限公司 | A kind of precocious autumn sowing method of hare's-lettuce |
| CN107494008A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-22 | 界首市朝鹏家庭农场 | A kind of method for releasing pear tree bud dormancy |
| CN108617396A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-10-09 | 李军 | A kind of drought and sand area vinery cultural method that can improve yield |
| CN109937788A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-06-28 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of Spring Festival on New Year's Day listing grape cultivation method |
| CN112470813A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-12 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for promoting early-cultivation flower bud differentiation of summer black grapes |
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| CN101720646A (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2010-06-09 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Forced dormancy culture method for peach with leave |
| CN101816274A (en) * | 2010-04-10 | 2010-09-01 | 徐州生物工程高等职业学校 | Quick gardening forcing culture technology for summer culture green seedling of grape |
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2011
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| CN101720646A (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2010-06-09 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Forced dormancy culture method for peach with leave |
| CN101816274A (en) * | 2010-04-10 | 2010-09-01 | 徐州生物工程高等职业学校 | Quick gardening forcing culture technology for summer culture green seedling of grape |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102599191B (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2013-05-15 | 山东省化工研究院 | Calcium cyanamide oil suspension |
| CN102599191A (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2012-07-25 | 山东省化工研究院 | Calcium cyanamide oil suspension |
| CN103380711B (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2016-12-28 | 徐小菊 | A kind of Fructus Vitis viniferae Forcing cultivation method |
| CN103380711A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-11-06 | 徐小菊 | Early-maturing cultivation method for grapes |
| CN105284850A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-02-03 | 成都观智农业科技有限公司 | Application of thidiazuron soluble concentrate in grape planting |
| CN105325255A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-02-17 | 安徽林海园林绿化工程有限公司 | Planting method capable of promoting early fruiting of grape |
| CN105248242A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-01-20 | 大理时代农业科技发展有限公司 | Early-maturing grape cultivation method |
| CN106857664A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-20 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of chemicals for breaking dormancy for releasing grape physiological dormancy |
| CN107333552A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-11-10 | 合肥元政农林生态科技有限公司 | A kind of precocious autumn sowing method of hare's-lettuce |
| CN107494008A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-22 | 界首市朝鹏家庭农场 | A kind of method for releasing pear tree bud dormancy |
| CN108617396A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-10-09 | 李军 | A kind of drought and sand area vinery cultural method that can improve yield |
| CN109937788A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-06-28 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of Spring Festival on New Year's Day listing grape cultivation method |
| CN112470813A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-12 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for promoting early-cultivation flower bud differentiation of summer black grapes |
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Application publication date: 20110928 |