CN103782821B - Cultivation method for making cherries ripen early - Google Patents
Cultivation method for making cherries ripen early Download PDFInfo
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- CN103782821B CN103782821B CN201410058628.7A CN201410058628A CN103782821B CN 103782821 B CN103782821 B CN 103782821B CN 201410058628 A CN201410058628 A CN 201410058628A CN 103782821 B CN103782821 B CN 103782821B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for making cherries ripen early and belongs to the cherry cultivation technology. The cultivation method mainly includes the step that cherry trees with blossom buds formed are processed at low temperature in a natural environment so that the cherry trees can enter the period of dormancy early so as to adjust the ripening period of cherries. The low temperature processing includes two modes, according to one mode, low temperature water is sprayed on the cherry trees to lower the temperature of the cherry trees after leaves are picked manually so that the cherry trees can enter the state of dormancy, and according to the other mode, the cherry trees are transplanted to a high-altitude place and are made to enter the state of dormancy at low temperature at the high altitude. Through the two modes, the cherry trees are processed at low temperature both in the natural environment so that the cherries can ripen at the needed on-sale time according to wills of people, particularly the cherries can ripen before or after the spring festival, and thus higher economic benefits can be obtained. The cultivation method for making cherries ripen early is particularly suitable for early ripening requirements of Chinese small cherries.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cherry culture technique, be specifically related to a kind of breeding method making cherry premature ripening.
Background technology
Cherry mainly divides three classes: the little cherry of U.S.'s large cherry, sweet cherry and China, and other kinds are all on the basis of this three major types, carry out cultivation form.The nutritive value of cherry is very high: in every hectogram cherry, iron-holder reaches 5.9mg, occupies fruit family first place; Carotene carotene content is than grape, apple, many 4 ~ 5 times of orange; In addition, also Cobastab, C and the mineral element such as calcium, phosphorus is contained in cherry.Cherry has abundant nutritive value, but fresh cherry skin is thin not easily preserves, and it is generally ripe in the annual 4-5 month, can not meet around the Spring Festival people to the wilderness demand of cherry.
In order to make cherry premature ripening, especially according to the wish of people ripe around the Spring Festival, the economic worth of cherry can greatly can be improved.For making cherry premature ripening, the large cherry green house establishment planting technology that a kind of application number is 200410035457.2 is disclosed in prior art, it adopts in green house, arrange carbon-dioxide generator, acoustic frequency generator, ozone generator, temperature raising device, according to the needs that grow of large cherry, use various facility, promote growing of large cherry, make the large cherry premature ripening in booth, its maturing stage can shift to an earlier date about 40 days, generally can be ripe in mid-April.Although this method can make U.S.'s large cherry go on the market in advance, still there is lower column defects: for providing the condition of cherry premature ripening, the cost of greenhouse cultivation is very high; The method is that cherry carries out condition control to it after dormancy under natural low temperature condition, make cherry premature ripening, but the time that fruit maturation is done sth. in advance is shorter, generally ripe in early April to mid-May, cannot meet the demand to cherry on market around the Spring Festival.
For making cherry premature ripening, those skilled in the art also adopt before and after cherryblossom, tree crown are sprayed to the method for somatotropin.And the method is also rely on after cherry carries out dormancy under natural low temperature condition to carry out herbal sprinkling to it, make the time of cherry premature ripening shorter; In addition cherry pericarp is very thin, and maturation time is short, must cause the high residue of fruit intragranular medicine, there is food security hidden danger.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of breeding method making cherry premature ripening, cherry can be made ripe within the time needing listing by the wish of people, especially ripe around the Spring Festival, to obtain larger economic benefit.The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
Make a breeding method for cherry premature ripening, it is characterized in that, the cherry tree forming bud is carried out low temperature treatment in natural environment, makes it enter resting stage ahead of time.
Low temperature treatment has two kinds of modes, and the first low temperature treatment comprises following operation: after the cherry tree forming bud is carried out artificial priming leaf, uses 0 ~ 7 DEG C of water to spray cherry tree body by day, sprays 1 ~ 3 every day, spray 6 ~ 8 days altogether.
Further, described cherry tree is Chinese little cherry tree.
Further, 9 ~ October that described low temperature treatment forms bud cherry tree carries out.
Further, the operation of potassium application is carried out before described low temperature treatment.
The second low temperature treatment comprises following operation: be planted in by cherry tree in container, place cherry tree being transferred to height above sea level 3km ~ 4km is placed after 15 ~ 30 days, the place again cherry tree being transferred to below height above sea level 1km conveniently cultivation method manages, until cherry is ripe; The night temperatures in the place of described height above sea level 3km ~ 4km is 0 ~ 7 DEG C; The night temperatures in the place of described below height above sea level 1km is more than 7 DEG C.
Further, the place that described cherry tree transfers to height above sea level 3km ~ 4km was placed after 6 ~ 8 days, carried out the operation of artificial priming leaf.
Further, described cherry tree transfer is that the container of 0 ~ 18 DEG C shifts for adopting temperature.
Further, described cherry tree is Chinese little cherry tree.
Further, 9 ~ October that described low temperature treatment forms bud cherry tree carries out.
Further, the operation of potassium application is carried out before described low temperature treatment.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
1. the breeding method making cherry premature ripening provided by the invention, carries out low temperature treatment by the cherry tree forming bud.If do not form bud just carry out low temperature treatment, easily cause cherry tree flower bud germination rate low, thus cause cherry to yield poorly.
2. the breeding method making cherry premature ripening provided by the invention,, in natural environment, low temperature treatment is carried out to cherry tree, and be cherry tree is transferred in icebox to carry out low temperature treatment in prior art, the low temperature that maintain icebox needs to consume mass energy, and cost is high; And the time of placing in icebox is more of a specified duration, make each position of cherry tree be in time of low-temperature condition longer, easily cause that cherry tree is weak, frostbite or freeze to death; The icebox closed can not meet the illumination required for cherry tree, and closed icebox illumination condition is poor, and in hat, branch is weak, withered, and the fruit branch lost of life, moves outside setting fruit position, and flower bud development is bad, and setting is few, and fruit maturation is late, poor quality; The icebox closed can not meet the condition such as oxygen, carbonic acid gas, humidity required for cherry tree, thus affect the upgrowth situation of cherry tree, cause cherry tree undergrowth, fruiting rate low, if want the conditions such as the illumination in simulating natural environment, humidity, carbon dioxide and oxygen, then can increase planting cost further.And the present invention carries out low temperature treatment to cherry tree in natural environment, the defect of low temperature treatment in above-mentioned icebox can be overcome.
3. in prior art for making leaf come off, normal adopt medicine to come off and icebox low temperature comes off.Applying medicine makes leaf come off, and easily causes drug accumulation, there is food security hidden danger; If utilize the low temperature of icebox to make it slowly come off, then because be subject to the impact of low temperature dark, usually cause the blade of 50% normally not come off, but form scab, in the tree withered.And the breeding method making cherry premature ripening provided by the invention, the low temperature treatment of employing is spray tree body by after artificial for cherry tree priming leaf with frozen water.Artificial priming leaf can make cherry tree fruit-setting rate high, because after artificial priming leaf, the Endogenous Hormone Contents in Vitro of cherry dormancy bud and balanced relation can make it to transform to the direction being conducive to flower bud germination to improve germination rate; Artificial priming leaf can also shorten the resting stage of cherry tree, make the period of cherry maturation further in advance, this is because the artificial priming leaf initial stage, all there is decline in various degree in bud endogenous hormones, along with the releasing of dormancy, the content of the somatotropin such as artificial priming leaf later stage GA3 and ZT gos up gradually, and the reactive oxygen species in bud and activities of antioxidant enzymes are also conducive to the change of termination of diapause.
4. the breeding method making cherry premature ripening provided by the invention, after artificial priming leaf, with the frozen water of 0 ~ 7 DEG C, sprinkling cooling is carried out to cherry tree, namely original position cooling is carried out to cherry tree, cause false resting state, shift without the need to cherry tree is uprooped, thus the upgrowth situation of impact tree body.Use frozen water cooling compared to icebox cooling of the prior art, cost is lower, and cherry tree can not be made to be in low temperature black status, and frozen water is lowered the temperature as cherry tree creates better dormancy environment, can not cause poor impact to cherry fruiting rate and fruit quality always.
5. the breeding method making cherry premature ripening provided by the invention, as preferably, dormancy is carried out in place cherry tree being transferred to High aititude (3 ~ 4km), then transfers to the local breaking dormancy of low altitude area (below 1km), until fruit maturation.And the cherry tree needing transfer is all plant to shift in a reservoir, does not need all tree root to be pulled up when each transfer, affect Growth status situation.Operation like this, can make cherry tree carry out dormancy and breaking dormancy under more natural state, be more conducive to the guarantee of cherry fruiting rate and fruit quality.In addition, the place that cherry tree transfers to height above sea level 3km ~ 4km is placed after 6 ~ 8 days, carry out artificial priming leaf, the effect of this operation is: make cherry tree carry out artificial priming leaf again after the place of High aititude accumulates enough nutrition, so more be conducive to flower bud germination rate, dormancy ahead relieving can also be made, shorten cherry High aititude standing time.If do not carry out artificial priming leaf, utilize the low temperature of High aititude that leaf also can be made to come off, just compare inartificial priming leaf, the time that cherry tree is placed in the place of High aititude can be longer, the place of High aititude is natural environment, compared to the low temperature black status of icebox, there will not be scab phenomenon.
6. the breeding method making cherry premature ripening provided by the invention, is particularly useful for Chinese little cherry, because the resting stage of Chinese little cherry is short, androgyny, mouthfeel are good, economic benefit is higher.Method provided by the invention is used for the cultivation of Chinese little cherry, little cherry can be made ripe within the time needing listing by the wish of people, especially ripe around the Spring Festival, obtain larger economic benefit; Chinese little cherry can also be made to yield positive results twice in 1 year, improve its economic worth further.This invention is also applicable to the cultivation of U.S.'s large cherry, just because the dormancy time of U.S.'s large cherry is longer, needs suitably to increase ice cold water and sprays and the High aititude low temperature treatment time.
7. the breeding method making cherry premature ripening provided by the invention, low temperature treatment is carried out in 9 ~ October of cherry tree formation bud.Because during 9 ~ October, especially by the end of September at the beginning of 10 months, cherry tree sprouts bud, and cherry tree upgrowth situation is the best, now carries out the low temperature treatment of dormancy, when ensureing cherry premature ripening, can also ensure fruiting rate and the fruit quality of cherry.In addition, then can form the cherry Time To Market of bud time, tree dormancy time and people's wish according to different cultivars cherry tree, determine to transfer to High aititude and the time of placing.
8. the breeding method making cherry premature ripening provided by the invention, carries out the operation of potassium application before low temperature treatment, because after potash fertilizer absorbed by cherry tree, can provide nutrition for the cherry tree of resting stage, for cherry fruit moisture foot, mouthfeel is sweet provides safeguard.
9. the breeding method making cherry premature ripening provided by the invention, simple to operate, with low cost, and cherry fruiting rate is high, fruit quality good, Be very effective.In natural environment, carry out low temperature treatment, make cherry enter resting stage, cherry can be made ripe within the time needing listing by the wish of people, especially ripe around the Spring Festival, to obtain larger economic benefit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following examples will contribute to those skilled in the art and understand the present invention further, but not limit the present invention in any form.It should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some distortion and improvement can also be made.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
embodiment 1
Make a breeding method for cherry premature ripening, comprise following content:
Cherry tree is carried out to temperature, humidity and the water and fertilizer management in conventional method, when cherry tree forms bud, in natural environment, low temperature treatment is carried out to cherry tree, described low temperature treatment comprises: cherry tree is carried out artificial priming leaf, after priming leaf, (be preferably the water of 0 ~ 3 DEG C, temperature is lower to use 0 ~ 7 DEG C of water by day, the number of times sprayed will be fewer, can cost of labor be reduced, but lower than 0 DEG C, otherwise frostbite tree body can not be understood) spray cherry tree body, spray 1 ~ 3 every day, spray 6 ~ 8 days altogether.When carrying out low temperature treatment with 0 ~ 7 DEG C of water, operation cherry tree being carried out to potassium application can be selected.After low temperature treatment, carry out the management such as temperature, humidity and liquid manure according to a conventional method, until cherry is ripe.After low temperature treatment, for making cherry tree yield positive results, its temperature preferably remains on more than 7 DEG C.If the natural temperature after low temperature treatment lower (lower than 7 DEG C), then need to carry out later stage cultivation in booth, need during cultivation to ensure that the temperature in booth is 7 ~ 25 DEG C, relative moisture is 10% ~ 60%.Because temperature is unfavorable for cherryblossom lower than 7 DEG C, relative moisture is greater than 60% can cause burning seedling phenomenon.
If above-mentioned cherry tree is Chinese little cherry, low temperature treatment can select annual by the end of September by 10 months at the beginning of carry out, now bud is formed, and the upgrowth situation of cherry tree body is good, after the low temperature treatment of cold water sprays, then cherry tree is transferred in booth management such as carrying out conventional temperature, humidity and liquid manure, then cherry can 12,1,2, March (namely around the Spring Festival) is ripe.
In addition, above-mentioned before spraying cherry tree body with 0 ~ 7 DEG C of water and carrying out low temperature treatment, can also carry out the operation of potassium application for cherry tree, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is identical with K Amounts of the prior art, does not have special consumption requirement.At cherry tree dormant application potash fertilizer, can ensure that the cherry fruit moisture foot in later stage, mouthfeel are sweet.
embodiment 2
Make a breeding method for cherry premature ripening, comprise following content:
Cherry tree is carried out to temperature, humidity and the water and fertilizer management in conventional method, when cherry tree forms bud, in natural environment, low temperature treatment is carried out to cherry tree, described low temperature treatment comprises: be planted in by cherry tree in container, the place (night temperatures is 0 ~ 7 DEG C) cherry tree being transferred to height above sea level 3km ~ 4km is placed after 15 ~ 30 days, the place (night temperatures is 7 ~ 18 DEG C) again cherry tree being transferred to below height above sea level 1km conveniently cultivation method manages, until cherry is ripe.Cherry tree is when high low altitude area transfer moves, and employing temperature is that the container of 0 ~ 18 DEG C shifts, and makes cherry tree also can keep good growth conditions in transfer process.This low temperature of High aititude that utilizes makes cherry tree enter dormancy, the high temperature of low altitude area makes cherry breaking dormancy enter the method in period of yielding positive results, make cherry tree when more natural, more ecosystem change its resting state, compare other artificial environments such as icebox, booth, poor impact can not be caused on its fruiting rate and fruit quality.
In addition, the place transferring to High aititude (3km ~ 4km) cherry tree can be selected to place 6 ~ 8 days (according to test of many times situation, the preferred time of placing is 7 days) after, carry out artificial priming leaf process, cherry tree is placed 6 ~ 8 days in the place of High aititude, just can accumulate the enough nutrition for dormancy, now carry out artificial priming leaf again, be so more conducive to flower bud germination rate and ahead relieving dormancy.Also can not carry out artificial priming leaf process, directly rely on the low temperature of High aititude that leaf is come off.Artificial priming leaf can promote cherry tree breaking dormancy early, utilizes the low temperature of High aititude that leaf is come off, and because cherry leaf is not come off in the environment of dark low temperature, then leaf comes off thoroughly, there will not be scab phenomenon.
If above-mentioned cherry tree is Chinese little cherry, then can annual by the end of September by 10 months at the beginning of form bud time transferred to the place of High aititude (3km ~ 4km), the time of placement can shorten a little, is about 15 ~ 20 days.Above-mentioned cherry tree can also be chosen as the cherry of U.S.'s large cherry or other kinds, then can, according to the cherry Time To Market forming bud time, tree dormancy time and people's wish, determine to transfer to High aititude and the time of placing.
The cherry cultivated by the method can 12,1,2, March (namely around the Spring Festival) is ripe, and the environment that cherry tree enters dormancy and breaking dormancy is all in unartificial natural environment, and more ecological, environmental protective, more can ensure the quality of cherry fruit.The method is particularly useful for the mountain area having height above sea level difference, and the cultivation cost of cherry is lower.
In addition, above-mentioned when utilizing High aititude to carry out low temperature treatment to cherry tree body, can also carry out the operation of potassium application for cherry tree, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is identical with K Amounts of the prior art, does not have special consumption requirement.Application of potash fertilizer before cherry tree dormancy, can ensure that the cherry fruit moisture foot in later stage, mouthfeel are sweet.
Claims (6)
1. make a breeding method for cherry premature ripening, it is characterized in that, the cherry tree forming bud is carried out low temperature treatment in natural environment, makes it enter resting stage ahead of time;
Described low temperature treatment comprises following operation: after the cherry tree forming bud is carried out artificial priming leaf, uses 0 ~ 7 DEG C of water to spray cherry tree body by day, sprays 1 ~ 3 every day, spray 6 ~ 8 days altogether;
Described low temperature treatment also can be following operation: be planted in by cherry tree in container, place cherry tree being transferred to height above sea level 3km ~ 4km is placed after 15 ~ 30 days, the place again cherry tree being transferred to below height above sea level 1km conveniently cultivation method manages, until cherry is ripe; The night temperatures in the place of described height above sea level 3km ~ 4km is 0 ~ 7 DEG C; The night temperatures in the place of described below height above sea level 1km is more than 7 DEG C.
2. the breeding method making cherry premature ripening according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the place that described cherry tree transfers to height above sea level 3km ~ 4km was placed after 6 ~ 8 days, carried out the operation of artificial priming leaf.
3. the breeding method making cherry premature ripening according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described cherry tree transfer is that the container of 0 ~ 18 DEG C shifts for adopting the temperature inside the box.
4. the breeding method making cherry premature ripening according to any one of claim 1 ~ 3, is characterized in that, described cherry tree is Chinese little cherry tree.
5. the breeding method making cherry premature ripening according to claim 1, is characterized in that, 9 ~ October that described low temperature treatment forms bud cherry tree carries out.
6. the breeding method making cherry premature ripening according to claim 1, is characterized in that, carries out the operation of potassium application before described low temperature treatment.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105766299B (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2018-08-24 | 乐亭丞起现代农业发展有限公司 | Ripe cultural method during a kind of potting large cherry Spring Festival |
| CN106561394A (en) * | 2016-11-12 | 2017-04-19 | 洱源县印象林果庄园有限公司 | Cultivation method for promoting large cherries to ripen earlier by utilizing natural climate in plateau area |
| CN107333552A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-11-10 | 合肥元政农林生态科技有限公司 | A kind of precocious autumn sowing method of hare's-lettuce |
| CN107980467A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-05-04 | 和县聂兴圩蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | A kind of management method for improving cherry sugariness and yield |
| CN113575341A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-11-02 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | Out-of-season cultivation production method for potted fruit trees |
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| CN1608426A (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2005-04-27 | 四川大学 | Premature cherry breeding method outside green house |
| CN101019496A (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2007-08-22 | 吕平 | Giant cherry cultivating technology for shelter |
| ES2325946A1 (en) * | 2008-01-14 | 2009-09-24 | S.A.T Edoa 1446 Cat | Procedure for cultivation of cherries in the greenhouse. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
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