CN113491216A - Sweet cherry planting method capable of reducing fruit cracking rate - Google Patents
Sweet cherry planting method capable of reducing fruit cracking rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN113491216A CN113491216A CN202010262258.4A CN202010262258A CN113491216A CN 113491216 A CN113491216 A CN 113491216A CN 202010262258 A CN202010262258 A CN 202010262258A CN 113491216 A CN113491216 A CN 113491216A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
- C05F1/007—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from derived products of animal origin or their wastes, e.g. leather, dairy products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Biotechnology (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sweet cherry planting method capable of reducing fruit cracking rate, which comprises the following steps: 1. selecting a planting field, and applying an organic calcium fertilizer and an organic boron fertilizer compound fertilizer per mu; 2. ridging and planting; 3. watering before germination, and watering 10-15 days after flower withering and 7-10 days before harvesting; fertilizing in due time: fertilizing once every 10 days from the initial flowering period to the full flowering period, wherein the fertilizer is typha and excrement mixed fermented fertilizer, and the 1 st expansion period of young fruits is as follows: applying a first compound fertilizer, and spraying a foliar fertilizer in a matching way, wherein the fertilizer and the foliar fertilizer are a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and a urea compound fertilizer; the 2 nd expansion period of young fruits: applying a second compound fertilizer which is a phosphorus-potassium, boron, calcium and magnesium compound fertilizer in cooperation with spraying of a foliar fertilizer, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment on cherry seedlings in the period; after fruiting, thinning fruits in time; and carrying out artificial light supplement in rainy days. The invention can effectively reduce the fruit cracking rate to below 3 percent, greatly reduces the loss caused by fruit cracking and improves the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cherry planting, in particular to a sweet cherry planting method capable of reducing fruit cracking rate.
Background
The cherry belongs to Rosaceae, has good taste, color, and rich nutrition, has iron content of 5.9 mg.1009-1, and is at the first position of fruit. The vitamin A content in the cherry is 5-6 times of that of the grape and the apple, so that the cherry enjoys the reputation of crown of fruit and has high nutritional and commodity values. The cherry is one of the tree species with the highest cultivation benefit in China, the cultivation area is continuously enlarged since the introduction of China in the 70 th 19 th century, the cherry becomes the dominant cultivation tree species in partial areas (near-Yili and tobacco terrace) of China at present, and the market space is huge. The growth and development of the cherries are influenced by various conditions, and the cherries are weak in cold resistance and favor warm and humid climates. The cracking of the cherries in the mature period when encountering rain is always a key problem influencing the fruit quality and the economic benefit of the cherries; in addition, the cherry fruit cracking in the mature period is caused by the lack of effective calcium in soil, improper water and fertilizer management and the like. The fruits are rotten and deteriorated after cracking, the commodity value is lost, huge economic loss is brought to fruit growers, the market demand cannot be met, and the development of the cherry industry is severely restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides a sweet cherry planting method and a method capable of reducing the fruit cracking rate.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a sweet cherry planting method capable of reducing fruit cracking rate comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting sandy loam in a sunny place as a planting field, and applying 800-1000 kilograms of organic calcium fertilizer and organic boron fertilizer compound fertilizer per mu;
step 2, ridging and planting sweet cherry seedlings, and planting 56-84 plants per mu;
and 3, watering at proper time: watering before germination, and watering 10-15 days after flower withering and 7-10 days before harvesting; fertilizing in due time: fertilizing once every 10 days from the initial flowering period to the full flowering period, wherein the fertilizer is typha and excrement mixed fermented fertilizer, and the 1 st expansion period of young fruits is as follows: applying a first compound fertilizer, and spraying a foliar fertilizer in a matching way, wherein the fertilizer and the foliar fertilizer are a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and a urea compound fertilizer; the 2 nd expansion period of young fruits: applying a second compound fertilizer which is a phosphorus-potassium, boron, calcium and magnesium compound fertilizer in cooperation with spraying of a foliar fertilizer, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment on cherry seedlings for 1 hour; timely thinning fruits: after fruiting, thinning fruits with small fruits, malformed fruits, damaged fruits and excessive fruits on weak branches, and keeping 2400-3000 fruits per plant; and (3) performing artificial supplementary lighting in rainy days or paving a reflective film under the crown.
Further, the preparation method of the cattail excrement mixed fermented fertilizer in the step 3 comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 120 parts of cattail, 130 parts of 110-130 parts of microalgae, 80-100 parts of rice straws and 70-80 parts of cow dung according to the parts by weight to obtain a mixture, adding 10% by mass of acetic acid solution into the mixture, wherein the adding amount is 8% of the weight of the mixture, and then placing the mixture into a sealed tank for fermentation for 2-3 days at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ to obtain the organic fertilizer after fermentation.
Further, the organic calcium fertilizer is eggshell calcium fertilizer, and the manufacturing method comprises the steps of soaking eggshells in rice vinegar or vinegar essence, soaking the eggshells in the rice vinegar for 2 days, adding 1kg of the rice vinegar into 6 eggshells according to the proportion of the eggshells to water, adding water when in use, and diluting by 1000 times.
Further, in the step 1, the power range of the ultrasonic wave generating device is 300-500w, the frequency range is 20-22KHz, and the installation mode is that one is installed at the center of each mu of sweet cherry forest.
Further, in the step 1, the weight ratio of the organic calcium fertilizer to the organic boron fertilizer is 2: 1.
Further, in step 3, the sum of each light supplement time and the daytime sunshine time is not less than 13 hours when artificial light supplement is carried out in rainy days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention sprays proper fertilizer in different growth periods, so that the cherry can not crack because the early growth of the cherry is slow, the cherry is small, and the nutrient supply is large and the cherry is increased sharply in the later period, and the low-intensity ultrasonic stimulation and illumination compensation are combined, so that the fruit cracking rate can be effectively reduced to be less than 3 percent, the loss caused by fruit cracking is greatly reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
A sweet cherry planting method capable of reducing fruit cracking rate comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting sandy loam in a sunny place as a planting field, and applying 900 kilograms of organic calcium fertilizer and organic boron fertilizer compound fertilizer per mu; in the step 1, the organic calcium fertilizer is eggshell calcium fertilizer, and the manufacturing method comprises the steps of soaking eggshells in rice vinegar or vinegar essence, soaking the eggshells in the rice vinegar for 2 days, wherein the proportion of the eggshells to water is 6 eggshells, 1kg of the rice vinegar is added, and the eggshells are diluted by 1000 times when the eggshells and the water are used.
In the step 1, the weight ratio of the organic calcium fertilizer to the organic boron fertilizer is 2: 1.
Step 2, ridging and planting sweet cherry seedlings, wherein three-year-old grafted seedlings can be selected, and 70 plants are planted per mu;
and 3, watering at proper time: watering before germination, and watering 15 days after flower withering and 10 days before harvesting; the critical period of water requirement is 15 days after flower withering, the soil moisture state is about 70% of water (the water content is dispersed when the soil falls into a mass after being held), and at the moment, if the water supply is insufficient, not only the dry yellow fruit drop is caused, but also a large amount of fruit cracks appear when the watering is excessive in the later period. 7-10 days before harvesting, the second fast growing period of the fruits, wherein the water should be stably supplied, the fruits need to be watered frequently with small water, and the fruits can not be irrigated with big water after first flowing. The change condition of soil moisture is observed at any time, and the fact that the soil is dry or wet due to the fact that greenhouse film drips is warned.
Fertilizing in due time: fertilizing once every 10 days from the initial flowering period to the full flowering period, wherein the fertilizer is typha orientalis and excrement mixed fermented fertilizer, 500 +/-10 kg is applied to each mu, and the 1 st expansion period of young fruits is as follows: applying a first compound fertilizer, spraying a foliar fertilizer in a matching way, wherein the fertilizer and the foliar fertilizer are a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and a urea compound fertilizer, and the mass ratio of phosphorus element to potassium element to urea in the compound fertilizer is 1: 2: 0.8; applying 800 plus or minus 10kg per mu; the 2 nd expansion period of young fruits: applying a second compound fertilizer, and spraying a foliar fertilizer in a matching manner, wherein the second compound fertilizer is a phosphorus-potassium, boron-calcium-magnesium compound fertilizer, and the mass ratio of phosphorus element, potassium element, boron element, calcium element and magnesium element in the compound fertilizer is 3:1.5:2:5: 3;
applying 600kg per mu, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment on cherry seedlings for 1 hour; timely thinning fruits: after fruiting, thinning fruits, malformed fruits, damaged fruits and excessive fruits on weak branches, and reserving 2400 fruits per plant; fruit thinning is carried out in time, over-strong or over-weak tree vigor, unbalance vegetative growth and reproductive growth and fruit cracking easily caused by low fruit bearing rate are prevented. In order to prevent or reduce the phenomena of poor illumination in the shed and fruit cracking caused by increased air humidity due to continuous rainy days, manual light supplement can be carried out on rainy days, generally, a fluorescent lamp with high luminous efficiency is arranged every 40 square meters at the position which is about 90cm away from a tree top blade and is less than 50cm away from a shed top film, so that the illumination intensity reaches 2000 Lx. Adding the light supplementing time and the day sunshine time for about 13 hours each time; or paving a reflective film under the crown.
The preparation method of the cattail excrement mixed fermented fertilizer in the step 3 comprises the following steps: the organic fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing 110 parts of cattail, 120 parts of microalgae, 90 parts of rice straw and 70 parts of cow dung in parts by weight to obtain a mixture, adding 10% by mass of an acetic acid solution into the mixture, wherein the addition amount of the acetic acid solution is 8% of the weight of the mixture, and then placing the mixture in a sealed tank for fermentation for 3 days at the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain the organic fertilizer after fermentation.
In the step 3, the power range of the ultrasonic wave generating device is 400w, the frequency range is 20KHz, and the installation mode is that one ultrasonic wave generating device is installed at the center of each mu of sweet cherry forest.
Planting fields are arranged at adjacent positions with sufficient sunlight in northern cities, the planting density of cherry trees is the same, the method is adopted for planting different sweet cherry varieties, 3000 cherry trees are planted in each variety, and the planting natural environment, the temperature environment and other environmental conditions of each variety of cherry are completely the same;
the fruit weight, plant yield and fruit cracking rate of the harvested fruits are shown in the following table:
| variety of (IV) C | Weight of a fruit (g) | Yield per plant (kg) | Fruit cracking rate (%) |
| All-grass of Longfruit | 9.22±1 | 8.25±0.5 | 1.5 |
| Sami food | 11.78±1 | 8.64±0.5 | 1.9 |
| Brukes | 8.65±1 | 8.97±0.5 | 2.1 |
| Meizao tea | 9.54±1 | 4.67±0.5 | 1.8 |
| Red light | 9.86±1 | 11.21±0.5 | 2.0 |
According to the data, the quality and the yield of the sweet cherries can be ensured by adopting the method, and the fruit cracking rate is obviously reduced.
The foregoing is illustrative of the best mode of the invention and details not described herein are within the common general knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and any equivalent modifications based on the technical teaching of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The sweet cherry planting method capable of reducing the fruit cracking rate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting sandy loam in a sunny place as a planting field, and applying 800-1000 kilograms of organic calcium fertilizer and organic boron fertilizer compound fertilizer per mu;
step 2, ridging and planting sweet cherry seedlings, and planting 56-84 plants per mu;
and 3, watering at proper time: watering before germination, and watering 10-15 days after flower withering and 7-10 days before harvesting; fertilizing in due time: fertilizing once every 10 days from the initial flowering period to the full flowering period, wherein the fertilizer is typha and excrement mixed fermented fertilizer, and the 1 st expansion period of young fruits is as follows: applying a first compound fertilizer, and spraying a foliar fertilizer in a matching way, wherein the fertilizer and the foliar fertilizer are a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and a urea compound fertilizer; the 2 nd expansion period of young fruits: applying a second compound fertilizer, spraying a foliar fertilizer, and performing ultrasonic treatment on the cherry seedlings for 1 hour, wherein the second compound fertilizer is a phosphorus-potassium, boron, calcium and magnesium compound fertilizer; timely thinning fruits: after fruiting, thinning fruits with small fruits, malformed fruits, damaged fruits and excessive fruits on weak branches, and keeping 2400-3000 fruits per plant; and (3) performing artificial supplementary lighting in rainy days or paving a reflective film under the crown.
2. The planting method of sweet cherries capable of reducing the fruit cracking rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the cattail excrement mixed fermented fertilizer in the step 3 comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 120 parts of cattail, 130 parts of 110-130 parts of microalgae, 80-100 parts of rice straws and 70-80 parts of cow dung according to the parts by weight to obtain a mixture, adding 10% by mass of acetic acid solution into the mixture, wherein the adding amount is 8% of the weight of the mixture, and then placing the mixture into a sealed tank for fermentation for 2-3 days at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ to obtain the organic fertilizer after fermentation.
3. The method for planting sweet cherries capable of reducing the fruit cracking rate of claim 2, wherein the organic calcium fertilizer is eggshell calcium fertilizer in step 1, the eggshell is soaked in rice vinegar or vinegar essence, the eggshell is soaked in the rice vinegar for 2 days, the proportion of the eggshell to water is 6 eggshells, 1kg of the rice vinegar is added, and the eggshell and the water are diluted by 1000 times when the water is used.
4. The sweet cherry planting method capable of reducing the fruit cracking rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the power range of the ultrasonic wave generating device is 300-500w, the frequency range is 20-22KHz, and the installation mode is that one is installed at the center of each mu of sweet cherry forest.
5. The method for planting sweet cherries capable of reducing the fruit cracking rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the weight ratio of the organic calcium fertilizer to the organic boron fertilizer is 2: 1.
6. The method for planting sweet cherries capable of reducing the fruit cracking rate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step 3, each supplementary lighting time is added to the day sunshine time for not less than 13 hours when artificial supplementary lighting is carried out in rainy days.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010262258.4A CN113491216A (en) | 2020-04-06 | 2020-04-06 | Sweet cherry planting method capable of reducing fruit cracking rate |
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| CN202010262258.4A CN113491216A (en) | 2020-04-06 | 2020-04-06 | Sweet cherry planting method capable of reducing fruit cracking rate |
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| CN113491216A true CN113491216A (en) | 2021-10-12 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114431247A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-05-06 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Medicament for improving fruit setting rate and yield of macadimia nuts and preparation and use methods thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-04-06 CN CN202010262258.4A patent/CN113491216A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114431247A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-05-06 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Medicament for improving fruit setting rate and yield of macadimia nuts and preparation and use methods thereof |
| CN114431247B (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2024-03-12 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Medicament for improving fruit setting rate and yield of macadimia nuts and preparation and application methods thereof |
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Application publication date: 20211012 |