CN114557210A - Light regulation and control method for promoting growth of melons in light-deficient environment - Google Patents
Light regulation and control method for promoting growth of melons in light-deficient environment Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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Abstract
The invention relates to a light control method for promoting the growth of a melon in a light-deficient environment. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the light control method for promoting the growth of the melons in the light deficient environment is characterized in that light environment parameters suitable for the growth of the melons are adjusted in the growth process of each growth period of the melons, an optimum light supplement scheme is provided for plants, the full growth period from sowing germination to fruiting harvesting of the melons is covered, the absorption rate and the utilization rate of the melons to light energy are improved, the electric energy is promoted to be converted into biochemical energy of the melons, the seedling strengthening rate and the disease resistance of the melons in the light deficient environment are improved, the flowering in advance is promoted, and the yield and the quality of the melons are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and relates to a light control method for promoting melon growth in a light deficient environment, in particular to light environment parameters for promoting melon growth in the light deficient environment.
Background
The light is a necessary condition for plant growth and development. Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy, accumulates a large amount of organic matters for plants, and is a key factor influencing crop yield and quality. When the plant energy source is used, light is used as an environmental signal, and is also a main regulatory factor of plant morphogenesis and an environmental time-giving factor of a biological clock. Northern hemisphere winter and early spring, low temperature and little light, average light intensity and illumination duration are the weakest and shortest stages in a year. Due to continuous cloudy and snowy weather, cold-proof and warm-keeping agricultural facilities, low light transmittance of greenhouse films and the like, photosynthesis of fruits and vegetables in the greenhouse is greatly reduced, and the agricultural production of the facilities is severely restricted. The poor illumination of most plants in the seedling stage easily causes weak growth and poor disease resistance of seedlings; insufficient illumination in the flowering and fruit period can cause delayed flowering period, greatly reduced yield and reduced fruit quality. The regulation and control of the plant growth luminous environment is to improve the luminous environment of agricultural facilities by using an artificial light source and realize the purposes of high photosynthetic efficiency, stable yield and high yield of crops. In the actual production process, the three aspects of illumination intensity (light quantum flux density), light quality (spectrum component combination) and photoperiod (sunlight duration) are often used for regulating and controlling the growth and development of plants. The construction of the light environment conditions meeting the photosynthesis of plants to the maximum extent is a key factor for improving the photosynthetic efficiency, increasing the accumulation of organic matters, improving the yield and improving the quality, and has important significance for improving the quality, increasing the efficiency and transforming and upgrading the modern facility horticulture industry.
The domestic plant light source market is rapidly developed in recent years, most LED manufacturing enterprises do not deeply research the high-utilization-efficiency light environment of crops in different periods, a conventional mode adopts visible light continuous broadband spectrum LED equipment as a plant light source, and the range of the light intensity, the service time and other environmental factors of the use environment in the use process of the plant light source is not set, so that the plant light energy absorption utilization rate is low, and the energy waste is caused. Therefore, the plant LED light source is adopted to improve the crop growth light environment condition, and simultaneously, the practical application problems of energy conservation, consumption reduction, science, high efficiency and the like are also considered.
The muskmelon is a favorite illumination crop, the sunshine hours are short in northern autumn, winter and southern rainy season, and poor growth and development of the muskmelon can be caused by long-term short illumination. At the present stage, most of the agricultural operations for improving the yield and the quality of the melons are concentrated on reasonable close planting and scientific fertilization; scientific and accurate light environment parameter improvement mainly aims at berry economic crops such as tomatoes, strawberries and the like, and a method for annual trailing herbaceous plants such as melons is still rare.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the light energy utilization efficiency of plants is low, the invention provides a light control method for promoting the growth of melons in the light-deficient environment, which means that a scientific and reasonable light source supplement scheme is provided for melon cultivation in the light-deficient environment, the photoelectric utilization rate is improved, the disease and pest incidence rate in facilities is reduced, and the stable yield and the improved quality of the melons are ensured while the normal growth of the melons is ensured.
The muskmelon is a favorite illumination crop, and the growth period of the muskmelon requires 10-12 hours of illumination time every day, so that the illumination management is required besides temperature management. Therefore, the light environment condition is improved by using the light supplementing equipment, so that the illumination time required by melon growth can be met, and the influence of oligose illumination on the melon yield and quality is effectively relieved.
The muskmelon is happy and has an optical compensation point of 66.7 mu mol/(m)2S) light saturation point of 1146.6. mu. mol/(m)2S). Therefore, the light intensity is 66.7-1146.6 [ mu ] mol/(m)2S), melon requires 10-14 hours and more of sunlight to grow normally. (the light intensity condition and the illumination time period must be satisfied at the same time.) the continuous high intensity illumination for more than 14 hours tends to cause the waste of light energy, and therefore, it is not preferable that the illumination time period is longer.
An optical compensation point: melon under certain illumination intensity (66.7 mu mol/(m)2S), about 4klx), all for their own consumption, above which the photosynthetic products of the plants start to accumulate, below which the stored photosynthetic products start to supply the plants for their growth, and below which the plants die because of the lack of nutrients for a long time.
Light saturation point: when the external illumination intensity is higher than the light saturation point, the photosynthesis intensity of the plants can not be increased any moreThe increase is 1146.6 [ mu ] mol/(m) for melon2S) (about 55-60 klx).
Thus, "starved environment" means that the light intensity is 66.7. mu. mol/(m) below the light compensation point2S) or an environment in which the number of light hours per day is less than 8 hours (light intensity conditions and light duration are not satisfied, all the light environments are considered to be deficient). The environment refers to a growing environment for cultivating melon seedlings, and the growing environment comprises various places suitable for cultivating melon seedlings, including but not limited to plant factories (including sunlight greenhouses, cold sheds, open-air fields, vegetable fields, cultivation areas and the like) with sunlight as a main light source, and plant factories with artificial light sources as main light sources. The "low-light environment" is not limited to winter, and includes conditions in which sunlight intensity or sunshine hours are insufficient, such as continuous yin, rain, snow, and haze, which occur in other seasons.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the plant factory with the sunlight as the main light source comprises the following steps: the light energy obtained in the plant growth process is provided by direct solar light, scattered light and artificial light source.
The light shortage environment in the invention means that the illumination intensity of sunlight is higher than 66 mu mol/(m)2S) of less than 8 hours, i.e. a day in which the intensity of sunlight is less than 66 μmol/(m) for more than 16 hours2S), or an environment with daily hours of light less than 8 hours. In plant factories (including sunlight greenhouses, cold sheds, open-air fields, vegetable fields, cultivation areas and the like) with sunlight as a main light source, when melon seedlings are in a light-deficient environment for a long time, photosynthetic products of the plants are not accumulated and are all used for self consumption, the plants wither and die due to lack of nutrition and are not beneficial to growth of the melon seedlings, and therefore, in the process of cultivating the melon seedlings, an artificial light source is required to be utilized for light supplement.
The invention provides a light control method for promoting the growth of melons in a light deficient environment, wherein the cultivation environment of melon seedlings is a plant factory with sunlight as a main light source, and when meeting the light environment condition which is not beneficial to the growth of the melon seedlings, the artificial light source condition is adopted to control the light environment;
in some embodiments, the light control method for promoting the growth of the melon in the light deficient environment comprises the following steps of providing an artificial light source for the growing melon seedlings to promote the growth of the melon seedlings:
in a plant factory with solar light as the primary light source, the supplemental artificial light source comprises, in light mass spectral integration percent: 80-90% of red light and 10-20% of blue light;
the peak wavelength of the red light is 660nm and the peak wavelength of the blue light is 480nm and 610.
Preferably, the artificial light source consists of 80-90% of red light and 10-20% of blue light, and the sum of the red light and the blue light is equal to 100%.
The luminous environment parameters can influence the synthesis and distribution of plant chlorophyll, thereby influencing the photosynthesis efficiency of plants. Chlorophyll absorbs mainly red and blue-violet light. Red light is important for normal development of photosynthetic organs of leaves, and can promote increase of dry weight, fresh weight and plant height of plants, but the monochromatic light quality can inhibit formation of chlorophyll, so that the red light can promote growth and development of the plants under the synergistic effect of other spectrums. The blue light promotes the transverse thickening of the stem and the increase of the leaf area, so that the tissue culture seedlings treated by the blue light are strong in growth, thick in stem and high in plant quality, and are suitable for cultivating high-quality strong seedlings. Therefore, the blue light can be added to balance the growth and development of seedlings.
In terms of setting the illumination time, the melon is a photopic crop, sufficient illumination is more favorable for the growth of seedlings, and on the other hand, the melon is more favorable for the differentiation and formation of flower buds under the illumination environment of less than 12 hours, so that the daily cumulative illumination time should not exceed 12 hours before flowering. After flowering, the melon needs to absorb more light energy to be converted into phytochemical energy, so that the yield and the quality of melon fruits are improved, and therefore, the illumination time after flowering needs more than 12 hours.
In the aspect of setting the light intensity, the light compensation point and the light saturation point of the melon are mainly referred, the photosynthetic rate between the light compensation point and the light saturation point shows the trend of ascending first and then descending, and the higher the light intensity is, the better the light intensity is.
Preferably, in a plant factory with the main source of solar light, the intensity of the light received at the top of the melon seedling is:
and (3) seedling stage: 100-2·s)；
Tendril-pulling period and flower and fruit period: 150-500 μmol/(m)2·s)。
The illumination intensity includes the illumination intensity of single sunlight or the illumination intensity of sunlight combined with an artificial light source.
Preferably, in a plant factory with the main light source of the ether sunlight, the total daily effective illumination time of the melon seedlings is as follows:
and (3) seedling stage: 12-15 h;
and (3) tendril extraction period: 10-12 h;
and (3) in a flower and fruit period: 12-14 h;
preferably, the total effective illumination time is that the illumination intensity received by the top of the melon seedlings is higher than 66 mu mol/(m)2S) cumulative illumination time period. The effective illumination time is that the illumination intensity of sunlight or sunlight combined with an artificial light source is more than 66 mu mol/(m)2S) illumination duration.
Specifically, each growth period of the melon is divided into a seedling period, a tendril pulling period and a flower and fruit period, and specifically comprises the following steps:
in the seedling stage, from seed germination to 4-5 leaves unfolding,
in the tendril-pulling period, 4-5 leaves are spread to the 1 st female flower,
in the flower and fruit stage, seedling pulling is carried out from the 1 st female flower to fruiting.
Preferably, before the artificial light source is used, the air temperature of the muskmelon cultivation environment is 12-30 ℃ and the air relative humidity is 50-80%, and after the artificial light source is used, the air temperature of the muskmelon cultivation environment is 25-30 ℃ and the air relative humidity is 65-80%.
Plant factories, also called sunlight greenhouses, which use sunlight as a main light source, are a unique greenhouse type in northern areas of China, and are divided into independent greenhouses and multi-span greenhouses. The single greenhouse comprises an arched shed and a plastic greenhouse, wherein the arched shed is also called a cold shed, is a simple and practical protected cultivation facility, and is generally adopted by all countries in the world along with the development of the plastic industry due to easy construction, convenient use and less investment. The plastic greenhouse has a certain heat preservation effect, and the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse can be adjusted within a certain range through rolling the film. A multi-span greenhouse is a large-scale sunlight greenhouse, independent single greenhouses are connected, and a common multi-span sunlight greenhouse is a plurality of multi-span sunlight formed by connecting the single greenhouses together through a gutter.
The light control method provided by the invention gives different light environment parameters to the melon seedlings in different growth periods, and the melon seedlings are mainly cultivated to plant factories mainly provided with artificial light sources and plant factories mainly provided with sunlight. The plant factory with the sunlight as the main light source comprises the following steps: the light energy obtained in the plant growth process is provided by direct solar light, scattered light and artificial light source.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the light control method for promoting the growth of the melons in the light-deficient environment is used for promoting the growth of the melon seedlings in the light-deficient environment, the invention means that a scientific and reasonable light source supplement scheme is provided for cultivation of the melons in different growth periods in the light-deficient environment, and the quality and the yield of the melon seedlings are improved while the normal growth of the melon seedlings is ensured. The most scientific, energy-saving and appropriate facility light supplement scheme is provided for the plants by supplementing the spectrum with higher absorption and utilization rate, most suitable light intensity and circadian rhythm of the plants in the growing process of the melons in each growth period.
(2) The method covers the full growth period from sowing germination to fruiting harvest of the melons, the optimal light environment parameters are customized for the melons according to the light requirement characteristics in the physiological period, the whole process aims to effectively improve the absorption rate and the utilization rate of the melons to light energy, promote the conversion of electric energy into biochemical energy of the melons, improve the seedling strengthening rate and the disease resistance of the melons in the light-deficient environment, promote early flowering and improve the yield and the quality of the melons.
(3) The method for promoting the growth of the melons in the light-deficient environment has wide coverage range. According to the current mainstream facility sunlight plant factory, a scientific and reasonable illumination scheme suitable for melon seedling growth is determined by combining the change conditions of external sunlight, temperature and humidity environments.
(4) The light supplement scheme has strong pertinence. The method aims at the requirements of plants in each growth period of the muskmelon on the luminous environment, and a light supplement scheme suitable for the growth period is formulated.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a light control method for promoting growth of melons in a light deficient environment. Those skilled in the art can modify the process parameters appropriately to achieve the desired results with reference to the disclosure herein. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. While the method and application of the present invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely illustrative of some, and not restrictive, of the broad invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by one skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention, and it is obvious that the related art can implement and apply the technology of the present invention by changing or appropriately changing and combining the methods and applications without departing from the content, spirit and scope of the present invention.
The test materials adopted by the invention are all common commercial products and can be purchased in the market.
The invention provides a light control method for promoting growth of melons in a light deficient environment, which comprises the following steps of providing artificial light sources for growing melon seedlings to promote the growth of the melon seedlings, and specifically comprises the following steps:
in a plant factory with solar light as the primary light source, the supplemental artificial light source comprises, in light mass spectral integration percent: 80-90% of red light and 10-20% of blue light;
the peak wavelength of the red light is 660nm and the peak wavelength of the blue light is 480nm and 610.
Preferably, the artificial light source consists of 80-90% of red light and 10-20% of blue light, and the sum of the red light and the blue light is equal to 100%.
Preferably, in a plant factory with the main light source of the ether sunlight, the illumination intensity received by the top of the melon seedling is as follows:
and (3) seedling stage: 100-2·s)；
Tendril-pulling period and flower and fruit period: 150-500 μmol/(m)2·s)。
The illumination intensity includes the illumination intensity of single sunlight or the illumination intensity of sunlight combined with an artificial light source.
Preferably, in a plant factory with the main light source of the ether sunlight, the total daily effective illumination time of the melon seedlings is as follows:
and (3) seedling stage: 12-15 h;
and (3) tendril extraction period: 10-12 h;
and (3) in a flower and fruit period: 12-14 h;
preferably, the total effective illumination time is that the illumination intensity received by the top of the melon seedlings is higher than 66 mu mol/(m)2S) cumulative illumination time period. The effective illumination time is that the illumination intensity of sunlight or sunlight combined with an artificial light source is more than 66 mu mol/(m)2S) illumination duration.
Specifically, each growth period of the melon is divided into a seedling period, a tendril pulling period and a flower and fruit period, and specifically comprises the following steps:
in the seedling stage, from seed germination to 4-5 leaves unfolding,
in the tendril-pulling period, 4-5 leaves are spread to the 1 st female flower,
in the flower and fruit stage, seedling pulling is carried out from the 1 st female flower to fruiting.
Preferably, before the artificial light source is used, the air temperature of the muskmelon cultivation environment is 12-30 ℃, the air relative humidity is 50-80%, and after the artificial light source is used, the air temperature of the muskmelon cultivation environment is 25-30 ℃, and the air relative humidity is 65-80%.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a light control method for promoting growth of a melon in a light-deficient environment, which comprises the following steps of providing an artificial light source for growing melon seedlings to promote the growth of the melon seedlings in the light-deficient environment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
in the plant factory that ether sunshine is the main light source, under the insufficient condition of sunshine illumination, provide artifical light source to the melon seedling, when planting the melon seedling in above-mentioned plant factory, artifical light source specifically is:
the artificial light source comprises 90% of red light and 10% of blue light according to the integral percentage of a light quality spectrum in a seedling stage, a tendril stage and a flower and fruit stage of the melon, wherein the peak wavelength of the red light is 660nm of 610-; the total illumination intensity of direct light and scattered light provided by the sun and an artificial light source received by the top of the plant is 150 mu mol/(m)2S); the total effective illumination time length is obtained by adding the sunlight and the artificial light source, and the total effective illumination time length of the muskmelon seedling stage, the tendril pulling stage and the flower and fruit stage is 12h every day (24 h);
in the plant factory, before the artificial light source is used, the air temperature of the melon cultivation environment is 12-30 ℃ and the air relative humidity is 50-80%, and after the artificial light source is used, the air temperature of the melon cultivation environment is 25-30 ℃ and the air relative humidity is 65-80%.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a light control method for promoting growth of a melon in a light-deficient environment, which comprises the following steps of providing an artificial light source for growing melon seedlings to promote the growth of the melon seedlings in the light-deficient environment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
in the plant factory that ether sunshine is the main light source, under the insufficient condition of sunshine illumination, provide artifical light source to the melon seedling, when planting the melon seedling in above-mentioned plant factory, artifical light source specifically is:
the artificial light source comprises 80% of red light and 20% of blue light according to the integral percentage of a light quality spectrum in a seedling stage, a tendril stage and a flower and fruit stage of the melon, wherein the peak wavelength of the red light is 660nm of 610-; melon seedling stage, tendril extraction stage and flower and fruit stage: 200. mu. mol/(m)2S) direct and diffuse light provided by the sun and artificial light sources; the total effective illumination time length is obtained by adding the sunlight and the artificial light source, and the total effective illumination time length of the melon seedlings per day (24h) is as follows: and (3) seedling stage: 12 h; and (3) tendril extraction period: 11 h; and (3) in a flower and fruit period: and 13 h.
In the plant factory, before the artificial light source is used, the air temperature of the melon cultivation environment is 12-30 ℃ and the air relative humidity is 50-80%, and after the artificial light source is used, the air temperature of the melon cultivation environment is 25-30 ℃ and the air relative humidity is 65-80%.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a light control method for promoting growth of a melon in a light-deficient environment, which comprises the following steps of providing an artificial light source for growing melon seedlings to promote the growth of the melon seedlings in the light-deficient environment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
in the plant factory that ether sunshine is the main light source, under the insufficient condition of sunshine illumination, provide artifical light source to the melon seedling, when planting the melon seedling in above-mentioned plant factory, artifical light source specifically is:
at a seedling stage, a tendril extraction stage and a flower and fruit stage of the melon, wherein the integral percentage of the artificial light source by light mass spectra is 83 percent of red light and 17 percent of blue light, the peak wavelength of the red light is 610-660nm, and the peak wavelength of the blue light is 430-480 nm; in the seedling stage of the melon, the total illumination intensity of the artificial light source received by the top of the plant is 200 mu mol/(m)2S) direct and diffuse light provided by the sun and artificial light sources; the tendril-pulling period and the flower and fruit period of the muskmelon are as follows: 300. mu. mol/(m)2S) direct and diffuse light provided by the sun and artificial light sources; the total effective illumination time length is obtained by adding the sunlight and the artificial light source, and the total effective illumination time length of the melon seedlings per day (24h) is as follows: and (3) seedling stage: 12 h; and (3) vine extraction period: 11 h; and (3) in a flower and fruit period: and 13 h.
In the plant factory, before the artificial light source is used, the air temperature of the melon cultivation environment is 12-30 ℃ and the air relative humidity is 50-80%, and after the artificial light source is used, the air temperature of the melon cultivation environment is 25-30 ℃ and the air relative humidity is 65-80%.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a light control method for promoting growth of melons in a light deficient environment, the conditions of the method are the same as those of the embodiment 3, the melons are planted in a plant factory with sunlight as a main light source in the light deficient environment, namely light energy obtained in the plant growth process is provided by direct sunlight and scattered light; when melon seedlings were planted in the plant factory, the temperature and humidity of the plant growth environment were the same as those in example 3.
The only difference is that: no other artificial light source is provided in each growth stage of the melon.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a light control method for promoting growth of melons in a light deficient environment, which is the same as the conditions in the example 3, the melons are planted in a plant factory with sunlight as a main light source in the light deficient environment, namely light energy obtained in the plant growth process is provided by direct solar light, scattered light and an artificial light source; melon seedlings were planted in the plant factory, and the temperature and humidity of the plant growing environment were the same as those in example 3.
The only difference is that: the artificial light sources provided at each growth stage of the melon are all full visible light continuous spectrums, and the total illumination intensity of direct light and scattered light provided by the sun and the artificial light sources received by the top of the plant is 100 mu mol/(m)2S) and daily (24h) total effective illumination duration of 12 hours.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides a light control method for promoting growth of melons in a light deficient environment, which is the same as the conditions in the example 3, the melons are planted in a plant factory with sunlight as a main light source in the light deficient environment, namely light energy obtained in the plant growth process is provided by direct solar light, scattered light and an artificial light source; melon seedlings were planted in the plant factory, and the temperature and humidity of the plant growing environment were the same as those in example 3.
The only difference is: the artificial light source provided at each growth stage of the melon has 50 percent of red light and 50 percent of blue light according to the integral percentage of light quality spectrum, and the total illumination intensity of direct light and scattered light provided by the sun and the artificial light source received by the top of the plant is 200 mu mol/(m)2S) and melon seedlings were exposed to a total effective light duration of 12 hours per day (24 h).
The following test adopts the muskmelon variety 'black willow seed', single-ridge double-row cultivation, each ridge is about 9m long, the ridge is 45cm high, 60cm wide, the plant spacing is 35cm, and the row spacing is 80 cm. According to the size and the structure of the greenhouse, the local climate conditions and the conditions of sunlight intensity change and daily temperature change of the experimental greenhouse are combined. Three identical greenhouses are planted in a shared mode, 60 ridges are planted in each greenhouse, 30 ridges are planted on the east side of the first greenhouse (light is supplemented by the method of the embodiment 1), and 30 ridges are planted on the west side of the first greenhouse (light is supplemented by the method of the embodiment 2); the east 30 ridges of the second greenhouse are filled with light (by adopting the method in the embodiment 3), the west 30 ridges are not filled with light, and only natural light is received (comparative example 1); 30 ridges are arranged at east of the third greenhouse (the light is supplemented by adopting the method of the comparative example 2), and 30 ridges are arranged at west of the third greenhouse (the light is supplemented by adopting the method of the comparative example 3). And (5) adopting a random sampling method, repeatedly extracting 50 plants each time, and observing the influence of the supplementary lighting on the melons.
Test example 1 Effect of different methods on the growth period of melon seedlings
Planting and cultivating melon seedlings in a field in summer or in an environment with better illumination conditions, wherein the seedling stage of the melon seedlings is about 25-30 days, the tendril-pulling stage is 20-30 days, and the first crop of fruits can be harvested 20-80 days after flowering.
According to the test carried out according to the comparative examples 1-3 and the examples 1-3, the growth time of the melon seedlings in each growth period is observed as the following table 1:
TABLE 1 Effect of different fill-in light treatments on melon growth conditions
| Processing method | Seedling stage/day | Tendril cutting period/day | The time/day from flowering to harvesting of the first fruit |
| Example 1 | 28-32 | 25-28 | 28-75 |
| Example 2 | 25-30 | 23-25 | 25-70 |
| Example 3 | 23-28 | 23-25 | 20-70 |
| Comparative example 1 | 30-40 | 30-50 | 30-90 |
| Comparative example 2 | 28-32 | 25-35 | 25-80 |
| Comparative example 3 | 28-32 | 28-35 | 25-80 |
The results show that:
the melon seedlings are planted and cultivated in the plant factory with the sunlight as the main light source (namely, the light energy obtained in the plant growing process is provided by the direct sunlight, the scattered light and the artificial light source), the seedling period of the melon seedlings is about 28-32 days, the vine pulling period is 25-28 days, and the first crop of fruits can be harvested after 28-75 days after flowering.
The melon seedlings planted and cultivated in the plant factory (i.e. the light energy obtained in the plant growth process is provided by the direct solar light, the scattered light and the artificial light source) with the sunlight as the main light source in the embodiment 2 have the seedling stage of 25-30 days, the vine-growing stage of 23-25 days, and the first crop of fruits can be harvested after 25-70 days after flowering.
The melon seedlings planted and cultivated in the plant factory (i.e. the light energy obtained in the plant growing process is provided by the direct solar light, the scattered light and the artificial light source) with the sunlight as the main light source in the embodiment 3 have the seedling stage of about 23-28 days, the vine-growing stage of 23-25 days, and the first crop of fruits can be harvested after 20-70 days after flowering.
In comparative example 1, melon seedlings were planted and cultivated in a plant factory with sunlight as the main light source (i.e., the light energy obtained during the growth of the plant was provided only by direct light and scattered light of the sun, and no light supplement was performed), the seedling stage of the melon seedlings was about 30-40 days, the vine pulling stage was 30-50 days, the first crop of fruits could be harvested 30-90 days after flowering, the melon was ripe 9 days later than in example 1, 17 days later than in example 2, and 24 days later than in example 3.
Comparative example 2, melon seedlings were planted and cultivated in a plant factory with the sun as the main light source (i.e., the light energy obtained during the growth of the plant was provided by direct solar light, scattered light and artificial light source, and the supplementary light was full visible light continuous spectrum), the seedling stage of the melon seedlings was 28-32 days, the vine pulling stage was 25-35 days, the first crop of fruits could be harvested 25-80 days after flowering, the first crop of fruits was ripe at the same time as the melon of example 1, about 5 days later than the melon of example 2, and about 12 days later than the melon of example 3.
Comparative example 3, melon seedlings were planted and cultivated in a plant factory with ether sunlight as the main light source (i.e., the light energy obtained during the plant growth process was provided by direct sunlight, scattered light and artificial light source, and the light supplement was 50% red light and 50% blue light), the seedling stage of melon seedlings was about 28-32 days, the vine pulling stage was 28-35 days, the first crop of fruits could be harvested 25-80 days after flowering, the melon was matured about 6 days later than example 1, 8-22 days later than example 2, and 15-24 days later than example 3, indicating that the ratio of red light and blue light has a greater effect on the melon growth stages.
Test example 1 Effect of different methods on melon soluble solids and yield
Measuring the content of soluble solid matters by using a handheld sugar measuring instrument and calculating the average value of the content of the soluble solid matters; measuring the weight of the single fruit and the total yield of the melons from the seeds; the influence of different light supplementing methods on soluble solids, single fruit weight and yield of the melons is shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2 Effect of different fill-in light treatments on soluble solids and yield of melon
Note: multiple comparisons were performed using the new repolarization method, with different lower case letters indicating significant differences at the 0.05 level (the table below).
As can be seen from the table above, the artificial light source is adopted for light supplement, so that the soluble solid content of the melons can be increased, the accumulation of photosynthetic products is promoted, the weight of a single fruit is increased, and the yield is increased. The melons supplemented with light according to the three examples of the present invention had average soluble solids and single fruit weights of 18.2% and 509.5g, the melon without light supplementation (comparative example 1) had average soluble solids and single fruit weights of 16.1% and 430.6g, and the light supplementation increased the melon soluble solids by 2% and single fruit weight by 78.9 g. The yield of the melon in the light supplementing area in the experimental area is 809.8kg, the yield in the light supplementing area is 616.9kg, the yield per mu is converted, the light supplementing area is 4286.8kg, the yield per mu in the light supplementing area is 3265.7kg, and the yield of the melon is increased by 31.3% through light supplementing.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The light control method for promoting the growth of the melons in the light deficient environment is characterized by comprising the following steps of providing an artificial light source for growing melon seedlings to promote the growth of the melon seedlings, and specifically comprises the following steps:
in a plant factory with solar light as the primary light source, the supplemental artificial light source comprises, in light mass spectral integration percent: 80-90% of red light and 10-20% of blue light;
the peak wavelength of the red light is 660nm and the peak wavelength of the blue light is 480nm and 610.
2. The light control method of claim 1, wherein the artificial light source consists of 80-90% red light and 10-20% blue light.
3. The light control method according to claim 1, wherein in a plant factory with the main light source of the ether sunlight, the illumination intensity received by the top of the melon seedling (including the illumination intensity of single sunlight or the illumination intensity of sunlight combined with an artificial light source) is as follows:
and (3) seedling stage: 100-2·s)；
Tendril-pulling period and flower and fruit period: 150-500 μmol/(m)2·s)。
4. A light control method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in plant factories where the sun is the main source of light, the total daily effective illumination time of the melon seedlings is:
and (3) seedling stage: 12-15 h;
and (3) tendril extraction period: 10-12 h;
and (3) in a flower and fruit period: 12-14 h.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the total effective light isThe illumination time is that the intensity of illumination received by the top of the melon seedlings is higher than 66 mu mol/(m)2S) cumulative illumination time period.
6. The light control method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein each growing period of the melon is divided into a seedling period, a tendril-pulling period and a flower-fruit period, and specifically comprises the following steps:
in the seedling stage, from seed germination to 4-5 leaves unfolding,
in the tendril-pulling period, 4-5 leaves are spread to the 1 st female flower,
in the flower and fruit stage, seedling pulling is carried out from the 1 st female flower to fruiting.
7. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the melon is cultivated at an ambient temperature of 12 to 30 ℃ and at a relative air humidity of 50 to 80%.
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