CN114885721B - Early-marketing 'Hongmeiren' citrus production management method - Google Patents
Early-marketing 'Hongmeiren' citrus production management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114885721B CN114885721B CN202210581115.9A CN202210581115A CN114885721B CN 114885721 B CN114885721 B CN 114885721B CN 202210581115 A CN202210581115 A CN 202210581115A CN 114885721 B CN114885721 B CN 114885721B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a management method for early-marketing 'Hongmeiren' citrus production, which relates to the technical field of citrus planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of citrus planting, in particular to a method for managing production of 'Hongmeiren' citrus which is marketed in advance.
Background
The 'Hongmeiren' is a citrus variety, the female parent is 'nan xiang', the male parent is 'Tiancao', and the hybrid variety is orange. The variety has strong flower forming capability and high fruit setting rate; the fruit has beautiful appearance, excellent pulp, high sugar content, high quality, sweet orange fragrance and thick orange fruit surface. Although 'red beauty' citrus is deeply favored by consumers, the citrus is not storage-resistant, the flavor of the citrus is more reduced after storage, and the market acceptance is generally not high. Therefore, the 'red mery' citrus is marketed mostly as freshly picked fruits. The citrus planted in the open air is easy to be affected by rainwater before being ripe, serious fruit cracking, fruit drop and fruit surface flower spots can occur, and the commodity fruit rate is obviously reduced, so that the citrus planted in the open air is mostly planted in a facility rain-shielding cultivation mode in China, while adverse effects of the rainwater on fruit quality can be obviously reduced, the facility rain-shielding cultivation enables the citrus planted in the open air to be ripe and marketed after 11 months, price competition is easy to occur, planting benefits are obviously reduced, and the citrus planted in the open air is a centralized marketing period of other high-quality oranges in China after 11 months. In order to avoid price competition pressure caused by centralized marketing, the invention provides a production management method for forcing culture of 'red beauty' oranges, which enables the 'red beauty' oranges to come into the market early in the period of national celebration and mid-autumn, avoids the centralized marketing period of the oranges on one hand, prolongs the fresh fruit supply period of the 'red beauty' oranges on the other hand, and improves the planting economic benefit of the 'red beauty' oranges while meeting the diversified consumption demands of vast consumers, thus being a problem to be solved urgently by technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for managing the production of 'Hongmeiren' citrus which is marketed in advance. The method utilizes facilities such as a film heat-insulating steel frame multi-span greenhouse, clean green energy heating equipment, temperature and humidity digital control equipment and the like, breaks dormancy of red beauty tree bodies through heating, enables the red beauty tree bodies to enter a growing period early, and performs artificial adjustment and control of temperature, light, water, fertilizer and the like in the growing and developing process, so that the whole comprehensive cultivation technology of early climatic periods effectively advances the time of marketing high-quality fresh orange fruits and improves economic benefits of fruit farmers.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for managing the production of 'Hongmeiren' oranges on the market in advance is planted in a film heat-preserving greenhouse and comprises the following steps of
Preparation before heating: after fruit picking, the management of tree vigor recovery, such as base fertilizer application, mulching film covering, water control, greenhouse temperature control and the like, and flower bud differentiation promotion is a key for ensuring that heated cultivation can lead flowers to grow tidily; debugging, checking and maintaining the heating equipment, the ventilating fan, the temperature control equipment, the temperature and humidity sensor, the monitoring equipment and the like are needed, so that sufficient and continuous and stable heat supply is ensured;
(11) The ground in the greenhouse is covered with a rain-proof mulching film for waterproofing in 9 months, the flower bud differentiation is promoted by keeping the soil moderately drought and inhibiting the late autumn tips and the winter tips, and when the leaf wilting in noon can be recovered in the morning and evening, the plant is properly watered to prevent permanent injury caused by excessive drought;
(12) When the day temperature outside the greenhouse is reduced to below 15 ℃, covering a top film, and keeping the temperature inside the greenhouse to be not higher than 25 ℃ through switching the top film; spraying organic foliar fertilizer containing boron, zinc, calcium and magnesium on the foliar every 15 days for 2-3 times to promote the recovery of tree vigor; applying solid organic fertilizer in a ring-shaped ditching way (width 30cm and depth 30 cm) near the water dripping line of the tree tray; the flower bud differentiation is promoted by increasing the day and night temperature difference and root cutting (lateral root with diameter less than 0.5 cm);
(13) When the day temperature outside the greenhouse is reduced to below 10 ℃, covering the side film, and keeping the temperature inside the greenhouse to be not higher than 25 ℃ through switching the side film; adopting a mode of fully covering in daytime and uncovering a side mold at night to cause day-night temperature difference;
(14) When the day temperature outside the greenhouse is reduced to about 0 ℃, the side mold is not opened any more, and the temperature is kept between 0 ℃ and 12 ℃ in the greenhouse by heating and protecting at extremely low temperature, so that the occurrence of freeze injury is prevented until the dormancy is broken by heating;
and (II) heating temperature management: the key that dormancy of the tree body can be broken, flowering can be advanced, normal development of fruits can be ensured, and malformed fruits are not produced;
(21) And 3 weeks before the predicted heating, cutting out the resultant parent branches every 3-5 days to determine the bud rate, and starting to fully seal the greenhouse film and heating by using greenhouse equipment when the bud rate reaches 60% -80%. Beginning at night, preheating at 15-16 ℃ for 1-2 night, heating at 2 ℃/night from 16-18 ℃ to 20-22 ℃, and cooling at 2 ℃/night to 12-14 ℃; the daytime temperature is heated from 26 ℃ to 28 ℃ within 2 days, and after the 28 ℃ is maintained for 3 to 5 days, the temperature is reduced to 20 to 22 ℃ within 5 to 7 days; at this time, the temperature difference between day and night is 8 ℃, and the temperature difference between day and night is maintained until the orange of 'red beauty' appears before sprouting and bud emergence; after germination, the day and night temperatures are heated for 20 days at a heating amplitude of 1 ℃/10 days, and the flowers enter an initial flowering period (day 22-24 ℃ and night 14-16 ℃); heating for 10 days at a heating range of 1 ℃/5 days, and entering a full bloom stage (day 24-26 ℃ and night 16-18 ℃); continuing to maintain the temperature for 10 days and nights, and entering Xie Huaqi; continuing to maintain the temperature for 10 days and nights, and entering a first physiological fruit dropping period;
(22) After entering the first physiological fruit dropping period, heating to 18-20 ℃ at night at a heating range of 1 ℃/10 days, and controlling the day temperature at the stage to be not more than 30 ℃ at most in a ventilation cooling mode;
(23) Entering a second physiological fruit dropping period, and controlling the night temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-20 ℃ and the day temperature to be 20-30 ℃ by switching a side film or a ventilation device;
(24) After the second physiological fruit drop is finished, when the night temperature outside the greenhouse is more than or equal to 15 ℃ and the day temperature is more than or equal to 20 ℃, removing the film, and transferring to natural temperature management.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the method for measuring the bud percentage in the step (21) is to remove leaves from in-vitro parent branches and culture the in-vitro parent branches at the temperature of 28-30 ℃ and the humidity of 90%.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the heating in the step (22) is strictly controlled to be equal to or less than 1 ℃ every 10 days;
as a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the production management method of the 'Hongmeiren' citrus on the market in advance further comprises the following steps:
(31) Before heating, keeping the soil dry; fully irrigating the soil 1 day before heating to ensure that the relative water content of the soil reaches 80% or more;
(32) Before heating to start sprouting, each strain of red-beauty citrus is 0.5kg of compound fertilizer before flower application, and water is irrigated once every 1-2 days, so that the relative water content of soil is kept about 80%;
(33) Entering a germination period to a flower-bearing early stage, and irrigating once every 3-4 days, and keeping the relative water content of soil at about 70%;
(34) Controlling irrigation from full bloom to Xie Huaqi, and reducing humidity to enable the relative water content of soil to be about 65%;
(35) After flowers are removed, water is irrigated once every 3 days, and the relative water content of the soil is kept to be 70% -80%; and organic water-soluble fertilizer containing zinc, boron, magnesium and calcium is sprayed for 1 time;
(36) After the second physiological fruit drop, water is irrigated once every 2 days, and the relative water content of the soil is kept at 75-85%; and spraying 0.2% -0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate nutrient solution for 1 time in the young fruit stage.
More preferably, the step (32) is to spray leaf fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen on leaves of the weak trees and the trees with excessive flowers; or by thinning buds and combining early fruit thinning, the tree body burden is reduced, and the fruit setting rate is increased;
for plants with less flower quantity and more new shoots, the shoots are smeared and the flowers are protected before the full-bloom stage, and trace element foliar fertilizer containing zinc, boron and magnesium is sprayed for 1 time in the full-bloom stage.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the method for managing the production of the 'Hongmeiren' citrus on the market in advance further comprises the following steps: the time is one week before germination, one month before full-bloom and one month after full-bloom.
A week before germination, using 150-200 times of diluent of 99% mineral oil emulsion to prevent and treat panonychus ulmi; the scale is prevented and treated by a diluent of 60-80 times of 20 percent of the melt and killing scale mites; the white fly is prevented and treated by 30 percent of 100-150 times of dilution of sodium abietate; using a lime sulfur agent with the Baume degree of 1-3 to prevent and treat the soot disease; moss was controlled with a 2000-fold dilution of 73% propargite.
The control of mites and the like is carried out before the full bloom stage; for the orange garden with early aphid generation and Xie Huaqi, spraying insecticide such as 2000 times of 10% imidacloprid emulsion or 1500-2000 times of 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate to prevent and treat aphids and treat leaf beetles and thrips; spraying bactericide such as 80% mancozeb wettable powder 600-800 times liquid or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times liquid for preventing and treating scab, black spot and anthracnose, and changing medicine for preventing and treating 1 time every 10-15 days; for orange gardens with serious bud maggots, the bud maggots are prevented and treated, and 3 percent phoxim granules can be used for mixing with fine soil to spread on the ground when the bud is exposed to white; and spraying 4000 times of 80% cyromazine water dispersible granule on the crowns and the ground in the middle and upper ten days of 4 months.
After the full bloom stage is 1 month, aphids and whiteflies are prevented and the occurrence of soot diseases is prevented; the aphid secretes honeydew and waxy substances to pollute leaves and fruits and induce the occurrence of soot diseases, and the selected medicines comprise 2000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 1000 times of 25% buprofezin suspending agent or 1000 times of 3% acetamiprid wettable powder and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a production management method for early marketing of citrus of red beauty, the maturation period can be advanced by 1-3 months, the marketing time is differentiated, and the economic benefit of fruit growers can be obviously increased.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A method for managing the production of 'Hongmeiren' oranges on the market in advance is planted in a film heat-preserving greenhouse and comprises the following steps of
Preparation before heating: after fruit picking, applying base fertilizer, covering mulching film, controlling water, controlling temperature of greenhouse and other tree vigor, recovering and promoting management of flower bud differentiation; debugging, checking and maintaining heating equipment, ventilating fans, temperature control equipment, temperature and humidity sensors, monitoring equipment and the like are carried out, so that sufficient, continuous and stable heat supply is ensured;
(11) The ground in the greenhouse is covered with a rain-proof mulching film for waterproofing in 9 months, the flower bud differentiation is promoted by keeping the soil moderately drought and inhibiting the late autumn tips and the winter tips, and when the leaf wilting in noon can be recovered in the morning and evening, the plant is properly watered to prevent permanent injury caused by excessive drought;
(12) When the day temperature outside the greenhouse is reduced to below 15 ℃, covering a top film, and keeping the temperature inside the greenhouse to be not higher than 25 ℃ through switching the top film; spraying organic foliar fertilizer containing boron, zinc, calcium and magnesium on the foliar every 15 days for 2-3 times to promote the recovery of tree vigor; applying solid organic fertilizer in a ring-shaped ditching way (width 30cm and depth 30 cm) near the water dripping line of the tree tray; the flower bud differentiation is promoted by increasing the day and night temperature difference and root cutting (lateral root with diameter less than 0.5 cm);
(13) When the day temperature outside the greenhouse is reduced to below 10 ℃, covering the side film, and keeping the temperature inside the greenhouse to be not higher than 25 ℃ through switching the side film; adopting a mode of fully covering in daytime and uncovering a side mold at night to cause day-night temperature difference;
(14) When the day temperature outside the greenhouse is reduced to about 0 ℃, the side mold is not opened any more, and the temperature is kept between 0 ℃ and 12 ℃ in the greenhouse by heating and protecting at extremely low temperature, so that the occurrence of freeze injury is prevented until the dormancy is broken by heating;
(II) temperature management:
(21) Starting in the last ten days of 1 month, cutting out the resultant parent branch every 3-5 days to measure the bud rate (removing leaves from the isolated parent branch, culturing at the temperature of 28-30 ℃ and the humidity of 90%), and starting to fully seal the greenhouse film and heating by using greenhouse equipment when the bud rate reaches about 80%. Beginning at night, preheating at 16 ℃ for 1 night, heating at 2 ℃/night from 18 ℃ to 22 ℃, and cooling at 2 ℃/night to 14 ℃; the daytime temperature is heated from 26 ℃ to 28 ℃ in 2 days, and after the temperature is maintained at 28 ℃ for 3 days, the temperature is reduced to 22 ℃ in 5 days; at this time, the day and night temperature difference is 8 ℃, and the day and night temperature difference is maintained until the orange of 'red beauty' appears sprouting and bud emergence; after germination, the day and night temperatures are heated for 20 days at a heating amplitude of 1 ℃/10 days, and the flowers enter an initial flowering period (24 ℃ in daytime and 16 ℃ in nighttime); heating for 10 days at a heating range of 1 ℃/5 days, and entering into a full bloom stage (day 26 ℃ and night 18 ℃); continuing to maintain the temperature for 10 days and nights, and entering Xie Huaqi; continuing to maintain the temperature for 10 days and nights, and entering a first physiological fruit dropping period;
(22) After entering the first physiological fruit drop period, heating to 20 ℃ at night and 28 ℃ at a heating range of 1 ℃/10 days, and controlling the maximum diurnal temperature at the stage not to exceed 30 ℃ by means of ventilation and cooling. Note that: the temperature rise amplitude of the stage should be strictly controlled to be less than or equal to 1 ℃ every 10 days. In contrast, in the greenhouse with poor quality and easy flower falling, the temperature can be raised by 0.5 ℃ carefully every 5 days if the flowering consistency is good. In order to avoid serious physiological fruit drop, attention should be paid to the enhanced observation, especially if the day temperature exceeds 27 ℃, the physiological fruit drop can be promoted obviously, the temperature is required to be ventilated and cooled in time, and the controlled temperature is not changed severely.
(23) Entering a second physiological fruit dropping period, and controlling the night temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-20 ℃ and the day temperature to be 20-30 ℃ by switching a side film or a ventilation device;
(24) After the second physiological fruit drop is finished, when the night temperature outside the greenhouse is more than or equal to 15 ℃ and the day temperature is more than or equal to 20 ℃, removing the film, and transferring to natural temperature management. .
And (III) water and fertilizer management:
(31) Before heating, keeping the soil dry; fully irrigating the soil 1 day before heating to ensure that the relative water content of the soil reaches 80% or more;
(32) Before heating to sprout, each strain of compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium ratio is 15:15:15) before fertilization of red beauty citrus is 0.5kg, and water is irrigated once every 1-2 days, and the relative water content of soil is kept about 80%;
in the stage, leaf fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen is sprayed on leaf surfaces of weak trees and trees with excessive flowers; or by thinning buds and combining early fruit thinning, the tree body burden is reduced, and the fruit setting rate is increased; for plants with less flower quantity and more new shoots, the shoots are smeared and the flowers are protected before the full-bloom stage, and trace element foliar fertilizer containing zinc, boron and magnesium (0.1% -0.2%) is sprayed for 1 time in the full-bloom stage.
(33) Entering a germination period to a flower-bearing early stage, and irrigating once every 3-4 days, and keeping the relative water content of soil at about 70%;
(34) Controlling irrigation from full bloom to Xie Huaqi, and reducing humidity to enable the relative water content of soil to be about 65%;
(35) After flowers are removed, water is irrigated once every 3 days, and the relative water content of the soil is kept to be 70% -80%; and organic water-soluble fertilizer containing zinc, boron, magnesium and calcium (0.1% -0.2%) is sprayed for 1 time;
(36) After the second physiological fruit drop, water is irrigated once every 2 days, and the relative water content of the soil is kept at 75-85%; and spraying 0.2% -0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate nutrient solution for 1 time in the young fruit stage.
(IV) pest control: the time is one week before germination, one month before full-bloom and one month after full-bloom.
A week before germination, using 150-200 times of diluent of 99% mineral oil emulsion to prevent and treat panonychus ulmi; the scale is prevented and treated by a diluent of 60-80 times of 20 percent of the melt and killing scale mites; the white fly is prevented and treated by 30 percent of 100-150 times of dilution of sodium abietate; using 10-30 percent of lime sulfur to prevent and treat the soot disease; and (3) throwing 73% propargite 2000-fold diluent to prevent and treat moss.
The control of mites and the like is carried out before the full bloom stage; for the orange garden with early aphid generation and Xie Huaqi, spraying insecticide such as 2000 times of 10% imidacloprid emulsion or 1500-2000 times of 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate to prevent and treat aphids and treat leaf beetles and thrips; spraying bactericide such as 80% mancozeb wettable powder 600-800 times liquid or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times liquid for preventing and treating scab, black spot and anthracnose, and changing medicine for preventing and treating 1 time every 10-15 days; for orange gardens with serious bud maggots, the bud maggots are prevented and treated, and 3 percent phoxim granules can be used for mixing with fine soil to spread on the ground when the bud is exposed to white; and spraying 4000 times of 80% cyromazine water dispersible granule on the crowns and the ground in the middle and upper ten days of 4 months.
After the full bloom stage is 1 month, aphids and whiteflies are prevented and the occurrence of soot diseases is prevented; the aphid secretes honeydew and waxy substances to pollute leaves and fruits and induce the occurrence of soot diseases, and the selected medicines comprise 2000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 1000 times of 25% buprofezin suspending agent or 1000 times of 3% acetamiprid wettable powder and the like.
And (V) flower and fruit management:
and removing the polluted fruits with gray mold and aphid as the harmful soot disease about 40 days after flowers are contained, and removing the fruits at the lower part of the too dense inner chamber, wherein one of the fruits contacted with the other fruit is removed as soon as possible. And 50 days after flower filling, hanging branches from the branch tips with obvious sagging, hanging branches from the sagging branch tips along with the continuous expansion of fruits, promoting the expansion of the fruits, improving illumination and coloring, and preventing the occurrence of tiny fruits.
Comparative example 1 (rain shelter cultivation mode)
The citrus fruit of 'red American' is easy to crack before harvesting, and the fruit is easy to rot and drop after meeting rain water, and the quality of the fruit is reduced. Therefore, the rain-shielding cultivation can be carried out 40 days before the fruits of red americans are ripe, namely, after the fruits enter a color conversion period (about 9 months to 10 months old), the top of the facility greenhouse is covered with a rain-shielding film to prevent rainwater from entering the orange garden, so that the cultivation mode of dropping fruits and improving the quality of the fruits is reduced. In order to prevent the fruit from being damaged by freezing, the rain-sheltering orange garden with delayed harvesting can be covered with the side film before the primary frost (about 12 months in middle ten days); in order to further prevent the 'big and small year' phenomenon in citrus production and severe tree freezing injury caused by extremely low temperature, the 'red American' citrus fruits in the rain-sheltering cultivation need to be harvested before 12 months, the film is removed after the temperature rises to 2 months in the next year, and the open-air cultivation is carried out after 3 months until the fruits are ripe, and the film is covered again for the rain-sheltering cultivation until 40 days before the fruits are ripe.
TABLE 1 control and warm cultivated red beauty character waiting period observation
| Germination period | White dew | Early flowering stage | Full bloom stage | One-time fruit drop | Fruit setting | Coloring period | Maturity stage | |
| Rain-proof | 3 middle ten days of month | 4 last ten days of month | 4 middle ten days of month | 4 late month | 5 middle ten days of month | Last ten days of 6 months | 10 late month | 11 late month |
| Heating up | 1 late month | 2 last ten days of month | 2 middle ten days of month | 2 late month | 3 middle ten days of month | Last ten days of 5 months | 9 late Xunxi | 10 late month |
As can be seen from Table 1, the white period and the flowering period of red beauty grown by heating in the middle of 1 month are about 2 months earlier than those of the comparative rain-shielding cultivation, and the coloring period and the maturation period are about 1 month earlier than those of the rain-shielding cultivation.
Table 2 control and heated cultivation fruit quality analysis at maturity of red beauty
As can be seen from Table 2, the quality of the mature period of the red beauty fruits cultivated by heating in the middle of 1 month is generally equivalent to that of the mature period of the red beauty fruits cultivated by rain sheltering.
Example 2
A method for managing the production of 'Hongmeiren' oranges on the market in advance is planted in a greenhouse, and comprises the following steps
Preparation before heating: the specific operation is the same as in example 1;
(II) temperature management:
starting in the last ten days of 12 months, cutting the resultant parent branch every 3-5 days, measuring the bud rate (removing leaves from the isolated parent branch, culturing at the temperature of 28-30 ℃ and the humidity of 90%), and starting to fully cover the greenhouse film and heating by using greenhouse equipment when the bud rate reaches about 70%. Beginning at night, preheating at 15 ℃ for 1 night, preheating at 16 ℃ for 1 night, heating at 2 ℃/night from 16 ℃ to 20 ℃, and cooling at 2 ℃/night to 12 ℃; the daytime temperature is heated from 26 ℃ to 28 ℃ in 2 days, and after the temperature is maintained at 28 ℃ for 3 days, the temperature is reduced to 20 ℃ in 7 days; at this time, the day and night temperature difference is 8 ℃, and the day and night temperature difference is maintained until the red beauties sprout and bud; after germination, the day and night temperatures are heated for 20 days at a heating amplitude of 1 ℃/10 days, and the flowers enter an initial flowering period (day 22 ℃ and night 14 ℃); heating for 10 days at a heating range of 1 ℃/5 days, and entering into a full bloom stage (24 ℃ in day and 16 ℃ in night); continuing to maintain the temperature for 10 days and nights, and entering Xie Huaqi; continuing to maintain the temperature for 10 days and nights, and entering a first physiological fruit dropping period; after entering the first physiological fruit dropping period, heating to 18 ℃ at night and 26 ℃ at day temperature in a heating range of 1 ℃/10 days, and controlling the maximum day temperature at the stage not to exceed 30 ℃ in a ventilation cooling mode; the specific procedure of example 1 was followed for temperature management after the second physiological cycle.
And (III) water and fertilizer management: the specific operation was the same as in example 1.
(IV) pest control: the specific operation was the same as in example 1.
And (V) flower and fruit management: the specific operation was the same as in example 1.
TABLE 3 control and warming cultivated red beauty character waiting period observation
| Germination period | White dew | Early flowering stage | Full bloom stage | One-time fruit drop | Fruit setting | Coloring period | Maturity stage | |
| Rain-proof | 3 middle ten days of month | 4 last ten days of month | 4 middle ten days of month | 4 late month | 5 middle ten days of month | Last ten days of 6 months | 10 late month | 11 late month |
| Heating up | 12 late month | 1 early month | 1 middle ten days | 1 late month | 2 middle ten days of month | 4 last ten days of month | 8 last ten days of month | 9 late Xunxi |
As can be seen from Table 3, the white period and the florescence of red beauty dew cultivated by heating in the middle of 12 months are 3 months earlier than the comparison, and the coloring period and the maturation period are 2 months earlier than the rain-sheltering cultivation.
TABLE 4 quality analysis of fruits at maturity of red beauty by control and warm cultivation
As can be seen from Table 4, the quality of the mature period of the red beauty fruits cultivated by heating in the middle of 12 months is generally equivalent to that of the mature period of the red beauty fruits cultivated by rain sheltering.
Example 3
A red beauty production management method for early marketing is planted in a greenhouse and comprises the following steps
Preparation before heating: the specific operation is the same as in example 1;
(II) temperature management:
starting in the last ten days of 11 months, cutting the resultant parent branch every 3-5 days to measure the bud rate (removing leaves from the isolated parent branch, culturing at the temperature of 28-30 ℃ and the humidity of 90%), and starting to fully cover the greenhouse film and heating by using greenhouse equipment when the bud rate reaches about 60%. Beginning at night, preheating at 16 ℃ for 2 min, heating from 16 ℃ to 20 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, and cooling to 12 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min; the daytime temperature is heated from 26 ℃ to 28 ℃ in 2 days, and after the temperature is maintained at 28 ℃ for 5 days, the temperature is reduced to 20 ℃ in 7 days; at this time, the day and night temperature difference is 8 ℃, and the day and night temperature difference is maintained until the red beauties sprout and bud; post-germination temperature management the specific procedure was as in example 2.
And (III) water and fertilizer management: the specific operation was the same as in example 1.
(IV) pest control: the specific operation was the same as in example 1.
And (V) flower and fruit management: the specific operation was the same as in example 1.
TABLE 5 control and warming cultivated red beauty character waiting period observation
| Germination period | White dew | Early flowering stage | Full bloom stage | One-time fruit drop | Fruit setting | Coloring period | Maturity stage | |
| Rain-proof | 3 middle ten days of month | 4 last ten days of month | 4 middle ten days of month | 4 late month | 5 middle ten days of month | Last ten days of 6 months | 10 late month | 11 late month |
| Heating up | 11 late month | 12 last ten days of month | 12 middle ten days of month | 12 late month | 1 middle ten days of month | 3 last ten days of month | 7 last ten days of month | 8 last ten days of month |
As can be seen from Table 5, the white period and the flowering period of red beauty grown by heating in the middle of 11 months are about 4 months earlier than those of the comparative rain-shielding cultivation, and the coloring period and the maturation period are about 3 months earlier than those of the rain-shielding cultivation.
TABLE 6 quality analysis of fruits at maturity of red beauty by control and warm cultivation
As can be seen from Table 6, the quality of the mature period of the red beauty fruits cultivated by heating in the middle of 11 months is generally equivalent to that of the red beauty fruits cultivated by comparative rain-shielding cultivation.
Benefit analysis
As can be seen from Table 7, compared with rain-sheltering cultivation, the 10 mu scale heating cultivation improves the mu yield of the 'Hongmeiren' citrus high-quality fruits on the market by 5 ten thousand yuan, the mu net income is 3 times that of the original, the method has obvious competitive advantage, and good economic and social benefits can be produced.
Table 7 comparative benefits of 10 mu Scale 'Red America' citrus heating and early-maturing cultivation modes
* Gross income refers to sales income of high-quality fruits per mu.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. The production management method of the 'Hongmeiren' citrus on the market in advance is planted in a film heat preservation greenhouse and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparation before heating:
(11) The ground in the greenhouse is covered with a rain-proof mulching film for waterproofing in 9 months, the flower bud differentiation is promoted by keeping the soil moderately drought and inhibiting the late autumn tips and the winter tips, and when the leaf wilting in noon can be recovered in the morning and evening, the plant is properly watered to prevent permanent injury caused by excessive drought;
(12) When the day temperature outside the greenhouse is reduced to below 15 ℃, covering a top film, and keeping the temperature inside the greenhouse to be not higher than 25 ℃ through switching the top film; spraying organic foliar fertilizer containing boron, zinc, calcium and magnesium on the foliar every 15 days for 2-3 times so as to promote the recovery of tree vigor; applying solid organic fertilizer in the annular ditching near the water dripping line of the tree disk; the flower bud differentiation is promoted by increasing the day and night temperature difference and root breakage;
(13) When the day temperature outside the greenhouse is reduced to below 10 ℃, covering the side film, and keeping the temperature inside the greenhouse to be not higher than 25 ℃ through switching the side film; adopting a mode of fully covering in daytime and uncovering a side mold at night to cause day-night temperature difference;
(14) When the day temperature outside the greenhouse is reduced to about 0 ℃, the side mold is not opened any more, and the temperature is kept between 0 ℃ and 12 ℃ in the greenhouse by heating and protecting at extremely low temperature, so that the occurrence of freeze injury is prevented until the dormancy is broken by heating;
and (II) heating temperature management:
(21) Cutting out the parent branches of the result every 3-5 days before the predicted heating, measuring the bud rate, and starting to fully seal the greenhouse film and heating by using greenhouse equipment when the bud rate reaches 60% -80%; beginning at night, preheating at 15-16 ℃ for 1-2 night, heating at 2 ℃/night from 16-18 ℃ to 20-22 ℃, and cooling at 2 ℃/night to 12-14 ℃; the daytime temperature is heated to 28 ℃ from 26 ℃ in two days, and after the 28 ℃ is maintained for 3-5 days, the temperature is reduced to 20-22 ℃ in 5-7 days; at this time, the day and night temperature difference is 8 ℃, and the day and night temperature difference is maintained until the red beauty sprouts and buds; after germination, the day and night temperatures are heated for 20 days at a heating amplitude of 1 ℃/10 days, the flowers enter an initial flowering period, and the day temperature is controlled to be 22-24 ℃ and the night temperature is controlled to be 14-16 ℃; heating for 10 days at a heating range of 1 ℃/5 days, entering a full bloom stage, and controlling the day temperature to be 24-26 ℃ and the night temperature to be 16-18 ℃; continuing to maintain the temperature for 10 days and nights, and entering Xie Huaqi; continuing to maintain the temperature for 10 days and nights, and entering a first physiological fruit dropping period;
(22) After entering the first physiological fruit dropping period, heating to 18-20 ℃ at night at a heating range of 1 ℃/10 days, and controlling the day temperature at the stage to be not more than 30 ℃ at most in a ventilation cooling mode;
(23) Entering a second physiological fruit dropping period, and controlling the indoor night temperature of the greenhouse to be 15-20 ℃ and the daytime temperature to be 20-30 ℃ by switching a side film or a ventilation device;
(24) After the second physiological fruit drop is finished, when the night temperature outside the greenhouse is more than or equal to 15 ℃ and the day temperature is more than or equal to 20 ℃, removing the film, and transferring to natural temperature management.
2. The method for managing citrus production of 'red beauty' on the market in advance according to claim 1, wherein the method for measuring the bud ratio in the step (21) is to remove leaves from in-vitro parent branches, and culture the in-vitro parent branches at the temperature of 28-30 ℃ and the humidity of 90%.
3. The early-marketed 'red-beauty' citrus production management method according to claim 1, wherein the warming in step (22) is strictly controlled to a warming amplitude of 1 ℃ or less every 10 days.
4. The method for early marketing 'red beauty' citrus production management of claim 1, further comprising the step of (three) water and fertilizer management:
(31) Before heating, keeping the soil dry; fully irrigating the soil 1 day before heating to ensure that the relative water content of the soil reaches 80% or more;
(32) Before heating starts to sprout, each strain of red beauty' is subjected to compound fertilizer 0.5-kg before flower application, and water is irrigated once every 1-2 days, so that the relative water content of soil is kept about 80%;
(33) The method comprises the steps of (1) entering a germination period to a flower-bearing early stage, and watering once every 3-4 days, wherein the relative water content of soil is kept at about 70%;
(34) Controlling irrigation from full bloom to Xie Huaqi, and reducing humidity to enable the relative water content of soil to be about 65%;
(35) After flowers are removed, water is irrigated once every 3 days, and the relative water content of soil is kept to be 70% -80%; and organic water-soluble fertilizer containing zinc, boron, magnesium and calcium is sprayed for 1 time;
(36) After the second physiological fruit drop, water is irrigated once every 2 days, and the relative water content of the soil is kept at 75% -85%; and spraying the potassium dihydrogen phosphate nutrient solution with the concentration of 0.2% -0.3% for 1 time in the young fruit period.
5. The early-marketed 'red-beauty' citrus production management method of claim 4, wherein said step (32) foliar-sprays nitrogen-based foliar fertilizer to a weakened and oversprayed tree; or by thinning buds and combining early fruit thinning, the tree body burden is reduced, and the fruit setting rate is increased;
for plants with less flowers and more new shoots, the shoots are smeared and the flowers are protected before the full-bloom stage, and trace element foliar fertilizer containing zinc, boron and magnesium is sprayed for 1 time in the full-bloom stage.
6. The method for early marketing 'red beauty' citrus production management of claim 1, further comprising the step of (four) pest control: the time is one week before germination, one month before full-bloom and one month after full-bloom.
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| ZA2023/04281A ZA202304281B (en) | 2022-05-25 | 2023-04-11 | Production and management method for “red beauty” oranges going on sale early |
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| CN102138475A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-08-03 | 杭州秀山美地农业科技有限公司 | Early-mature cultivation method for citrus |
| JP5531173B2 (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2014-06-25 | 有限会社菊地園芸 | Cultivation method with mango heating facility |
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