CN113906950B - Large cherry garden building method suitable for southwest cold highland - Google Patents
Large cherry garden building method suitable for southwest cold highland Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large cherry garden building method suitable for a south-west high-altitude cold area, which comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting varieties and stocks; (2) selecting a medium-low altitude planting land; (3) planting the nursery stock; (4) management in the first two years after cultivation; (5) selecting a high-altitude cultivation land; (6) transplanting seedlings; (7) management after transplanting; and (8) managing the second year and later after transplanting. According to the method, the characteristics of vertical three-dimensional climate in high-altitude areas in the southwest are utilized, the high-quality seedlings of the annual large cherries are firstly cultivated for two years in the medium-low altitude areas with rich photo-thermal resources, then the seedlings are transplanted and fixedly planted in the high-altitude cold areas with the height of 2600-3400m before spring beginning germination in the third year, field planting in the current year can be realized, the yield of a single plant in the second year reaches more than 3.5 kg, the time of entering the full-bearing period when the large cherries are planted in the high-altitude cold areas in the southwest is effectively shortened, and the yield and the quality of fruits are improved. In addition, the mature period of the large cherries is 1-2 months later than that of the main production area in China due to the cold climate in the high-altitude areas in the southwest, the market vacancy period is effectively made up, and higher economic benefits can be brought to growers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fruit tree cultivation method, and belongs to the field of plant cultivation.
Background
The large cherry is also called sweet cherry and cherry, and is a warm-zone deciduous fruit tree. The fruit is rich in nutrition, has the functions of maintaining beauty and keeping young, regulating middle warmer and tonifying qi, and dispelling wind-damp, and is a health-care fruit with higher nutritive value and economic value. So far, the cultivation area of large cherries in southwest of China exceeds 1 ten thousand hm 2 . In the area with the altitude of 2600-3400m and the annual average temperature of 6-11 ℃, because the low temperature below 7.2 ℃ is sufficient in winter, the weather is cold in summer, the sunshine time is long, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the growth period of the produced large cherry fruits is long, the nutrient substances are fully accumulated, the taste is fragrant and sweet, and the quality is excellent. However, due to the fact that the altitude of the area is high, the climate is cool, the annual effective accumulated temperature is low, the large cherries grow and develop slowly in the area, the fruit bearing is late, the large cherries need to grow for five years to start bearing the fruit, and the full bearing period can be reached in about eight years. The growth of the large cherry industry in the area is severely restricted due to the long childhood and the low yield of the single plant. Therefore, a cultivation method which is simple and easy to operate and can realize high early fruiting and yield of large cherries is researched in high-altitude cold areas in the southwest, and the cultivation method has great significance for developing large cherry industries in the areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up for the defects of the prior art in the cultivation of large cherries in high-altitude cold areas in the southwest, and provides a cultivation method which is simple to operate and can realize the early fruiting and high yield of the large cherries in the areas.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a large cherry garden building method suitable for southwest cold high lands comprises the following steps:
(1) Selection of varieties and stocks: three early-maturing varieties of large cherries which have consistent flowering phase and can be pollinated mutually and are grafted by using semi-dwarf stocks are selected for planting;
(2) Selecting medium-low altitude planting land blocks: planting in plots with elevation of 1600-2000m, average annual temperature of 14-16 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage;
(3) And (3) seedling planting: selecting annual high-quality seedlings to construct a garden, and improving soil of a land parcel before planting, wherein each 667m of the land parcel is subjected to soil improvement 2 2500kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 150kg of calcium superphosphate are applied. Then ridging and cultivating, wherein the ridge width is 0.8-1.0m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.5m multiplied by 2.5m, and each variety has one row; after planting, carrying out fixed-dry treatment, wherein the height of the fixed-dry treatment is 40cm, and smearing sealing glue at a cut;
(4) Management in the first two years after cultivation: enhancing fertilizer and water management, timely pruning, and culturing the plant tree into a dwarf arbuscular shape; weeding in time, observing whether diseases and insect pests occur or not, and comprehensively preventing and controlling according to the characteristics of the diseases and insect pests;
(5) Selection of high-altitude cultivation land: selecting a land which has a similar distance with a medium-low altitude cultivation land and convenient traffic, has the altitude of 2600-3400m, the annual average temperature of 6-11 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage for planting;
(6) Transplanting the seedlings: and (4) transplanting the high-quality strong seedlings cultivated in the step (4) with soil balls to a high-altitude cultivation land before the plants germinate in spring beginning in the third year after cultivation. Firstly, soil improvement is carried out on the selected high-altitude cultivation land, and each 667m of the land is 2 3000kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 50m of humus soil are applied 3 (ii) a Then ridging and cultivating, wherein the ridge width is 1.2-1.5m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.5-2.0m multiplied by 3.0-4.0m, and each variety has one row; watering thoroughly after planting, then irrigating roots with a self-made plant rooting agent, performing short-cut pruning on all main branches, and smearing sealing glue at cut openings;
(7) Management after transplanting: after transplanting, covering a film on the ridge surface, and fixing the plants by using a bracket to prevent lodging. Watering every 15 days after cultivation until rainy season, and removing the mulching film in the last 7 months. Transplanting the flower in the current year, and timely removing most flower buds in the bud emergence period of the flower buds to reduce the nutrition loss of the tree body as much as possible so as to recover the tree vigor as soon as possible. Fertilizing soil in the middle 7 th month, applying 500g of 15-15 ternary compound fertilizer to each plant, and spraying a self-made nutrient solution every 14 days between the middle 5 th month and the middle 8 th month to promote the plants to recover growth and flower bud differentiation;
(8) Management in the second year and later after transplanting: respectively spraying a self-made fruit setting agent in the full-bloom stage and the early fruit setting stage of the large cherry. In addition to normal management, 500 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate is sprayed every 14 days from the first 5 th of month to the last 7 th of month, and flower bud differentiation of plants and growth and development of fruits are promoted. The single-axis extension of the main branches is kept through pruning, and the new shoots sprouting on the backs of the main branches are timely subjected to pinching, so that more short fruit branches are promoted to be formed.
The three early-maturing varieties of the large cherries selected and planted in the step (1) are respectively early, early sweet and yang and early big fruits, and the stock selected is Jisaira six.
In the step (4), the dwarf flowering branch of the large cherry is cultured, the trunk height of the tree body is required to be 40cm, 10-15 main branches are required, the length of the main branches is 100-150cm, and the crown width reaches 200-250cm.
The self-made plant rooting agent in the step (6) comprises the following formula: 600-800 times of liquid glucose, 1200-1500 times of liquid aspirin and 800-1000 times of liquid root sun, the using amount is 2.5kg per plant, and the amount of pruning the main branch is 1/3 of the total length of the pruned branch.
In the step (7), the amount of the thinned buds is 70% of the total amount, and the formula of the self-made nutrient solution is as follows: 800-1000 times of liquid glucose, 600-800 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate and 600-800 times of liquid phytochemicals.
The self-made fruit setting agent sprayed in the step (8) has the following formula: 700-900 times of liquid, 0.01% brassinolide, 800-1000 times of liquid, 0.1% triacontanol, 500-700 times of liquid borax and 400-600 times of liquid white granulated sugar.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the characteristics of vertical three-dimensional climate in high-altitude areas in southwest are utilized, the high-quality seedlings of the annual large cherries are firstly cultivated for two years in the medium-low altitude areas with rich photo-thermal resources, then the seedlings are transplanted and fixedly planted in the high-altitude areas 2600-3400m before spring beginning germination in the third year, the field planting in the current year can be realized, the yield of a single plant in the second year reaches more than 3.50kg, the time of entering the full-bearing period when the large cherries are planted in the high-altitude cold areas in southwest is effectively shortened, and the yield and the quality of fruits are improved. In addition, the mature period of the large cherries is 1-2 months later than that of the main domestic production area in the cold climate of the high-altitude area, so that the market vacancy period is effectively made up, and higher economic benefits can be brought to growers.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A large cherry garden building method suitable for southwest cold high lands comprises the following steps:
(1) Selection of varieties and stocks: three early-maturing varieties of large cherries which have consistent flowering phase and can be pollinated mutually and are grafted by using semi-dwarf stocks are selected for planting;
(2) Selecting medium-low altitude planting land blocks: planting in a land block with elevation of about 1600m, annual average temperature of about 16 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage;
(3) Planting the nursery stock: selecting annual high-quality seedlings to construct a garden, and improving soil of a land parcel before planting, wherein each 667m of the land parcel is subjected to soil improvement 2 Applying 2500kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 150kg of calcium superphosphate; then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 1.0m, the height is 30cm, the planting row spacing is 1.5m multiplied by 2.5m, and each variety is planted in one row; after planting, carrying out fixed-dry treatment, wherein the height of the fixed-dry treatment is 40cm, and smearing sealing glue at a cut;
(4) Management in the first two years after cultivation: enhancing fertilizer and water management, timely pruning, and culturing the plant tree into a dwarf arbuscular shape; weeding in time, observing whether diseases and insect pests occur or not, and comprehensively preventing and controlling according to the characteristics of the diseases and insect pests;
(5) Selection of high-altitude cultivation land: selecting a plot which has a similar distance with a medium-low altitude cultivation land, convenient traffic, an altitude of about 2600m, an annual average temperature of about 11 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage for planting;
(6) Transplanting the seedlings: and (4) transplanting the high-quality strong seedlings cultivated in the step (4) with soil balls to a high-altitude cultivation land before the plants germinate in spring beginning in the third year after cultivation. Firstly, the selected high-altitude cultivation land is subjected toSoil improvement, per 667m 2 3000kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 50m of humus soil are applied 3 (ii) a Then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 1.5m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 2.0m multiplied by 4.0m, and each variety is planted in one row; watering thoroughly after planting, then irrigating roots with a self-made plant rooting agent, performing short-cut pruning on all main branches, and smearing sealing glue at cut openings;
(7) Management after transplanting: after transplanting, covering a film on the ridge surface, and fixing the plants by using a bracket to prevent lodging. Watering every 10 days after cultivation and before rainy season, and removing the mulching film in the last 7 months. Transplanting the seedlings in the current-year flowering period, and timely removing most flower buds in the bud emergence period of the flower buds to reduce the nutrient loss of the trees as much as possible so as to recover the tree vigor as soon as possible. Fertilizing soil in the middle 7 th month, applying 500g of 15-15 ternary compound fertilizer to each plant, and spraying a self-made nutrient solution every 14 days between the middle 5 th month and the middle 8 th month to promote the plants to recover growth and flower bud differentiation;
(8) Managing the second year and later after transplanting: respectively spraying a self-made fruit setting agent in the full-bloom stage and the early fruit setting stage of the large cherry. In addition to normal management, 500 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate is sprayed every other 14 days from the first ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 7 months, so that the flower bud differentiation of plants and the growth and development of fruits are promoted. The single-axis extension of the main branches is kept through pruning, and the new shoots sprouting on the backs of the main branches are timely subjected to pinching, so that more short fruit branches are promoted to be formed.
The three early-maturing varieties of the large cherries selected and planted in the step (1) are respectively early, early sweet and yang and early big fruits, and the stock selected is Jisaira six.
And (4) cultivating the dwarf flowering branches of the large cherry in the step (4), wherein the trunk height of the tree body is 40cm, 10-15 main branches are provided, the length of the main branches is 100-150cm, and the crown width reaches 200-250cm.
The self-made plant rooting agent in the step (6) comprises the following formula: 600-800 times of liquid glucose, 1200-1500 times of liquid aspirin and 800-1000 times of liquid root sun, the using amount is 2.5kg per plant, and the amount of pruning the main branch is 1/3 of the total length of the pruned branch.
In the step (7), the amount of the thinned buds is 70% of the total amount, and the formula of the self-made nutrient solution is as follows: 800-1000 times of liquid glucose, 600-800 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate and 600-800 times of liquid phytochemicals.
The self-made fruit setting agent sprayed in the step (8) has the following formula: 700-900 times of liquid 0.01 percent of brassinolide, 800-1000 times of liquid 0.1 percent of triacontanol, 500-700 times of liquid borax and 400-600 times of liquid white granulated sugar.
Example 2
A large cherry garden building method suitable for a cold and high place in southwest comprises the following steps:
(1) Selection of varieties and stocks: three early-maturing cherry varieties which have consistent flowering phase, can pollinate mutually and are grafted by using semi-dwarf stocks are selected for planting;
(2) Selecting medium-low altitude planting plots: planting in a land block with elevation of about 1600m, annual average temperature of about 16 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage;
(3) Planting the nursery stock: selecting annual high-quality seedlings to construct a garden, and improving soil of a land parcel before planting, wherein each 667m of the land parcel is subjected to soil improvement 2 Applying 1500 kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 150kg of calcium superphosphate; then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 0.8m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.5m multiplied by 2.5m, and each variety is planted in one row; after planting, carrying out fixed-dry treatment, wherein the height of the fixed-dry treatment is 40cm, and applying sealing glue at a cut;
(4) Management in the first two years after cultivation: enhancing fertilizer and water management, timely pruning, and culturing the plant tree into a dwarf arbuscular shape; weeding in time, observing whether diseases and pests occur or not, and performing comprehensive prevention and control according to the occurrence characteristics of the diseases and pests;
(5) Selection of high-altitude cultivation land: selecting a land block which has a similar distance with a medium-low altitude cultivation land, convenient traffic, an altitude of about 3400m, an annual average temperature of about 6 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage for planting;
(6) Transplanting the nursery stock: and (4) transplanting the high-quality strong seedlings cultivated in the step (4) with soil balls to a high-altitude cultivation land before the plants germinate in spring beginning in the third year after cultivation. Firstly, soil improvement is carried out on the selected high-altitude cultivation land, and each 667m of the land is 2 Applying 3000kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 50kg of humus soilm 3 (ii) a Then ridging and cultivating, wherein the ridge width is 1.2m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.5m multiplied by 3.0m, and each variety is planted in a row; watering thoroughly after planting, then irrigating roots with a self-made plant rooting agent, performing short-cut pruning on all main branches, and smearing sealing glue at cut openings;
(7) Management after transplanting: after transplanting, covering a film on the ridge surface, and fixing the plants by using a bracket to prevent lodging. Watering every 10 days after cultivation and before rainy season, and removing the mulching film in the last 7 months. Transplanting the seedlings in the current-year flowering period, and timely removing most flower buds in the bud emergence period of the flower buds to reduce the nutrient loss of the trees as much as possible so as to recover the tree vigor as soon as possible. Fertilizing soil in the middle 7 th month, applying 500g of 15-15 ternary compound fertilizer to each plant, and spraying a self-made nutrient solution every 14 days between the middle 5 th month and the middle 8 th month to promote the plants to recover growth and flower bud differentiation;
(8) Management in the second year and later after transplanting: and respectively spraying a self-made fruit setting agent at the full-bloom stage and the early fruit setting stage of the large cherry. In addition to normal management, 500 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate is sprayed every 14 days from the first 5 th of month to the last 7 th of month, and flower bud differentiation of plants and growth and development of fruits are promoted. The single-axis extension of the main branches is kept through pruning, and the new shoots sprouting on the backs of the main branches are timely subjected to pinching, so that more short fruit branches are promoted to be formed.
The three early-maturing varieties of the large cherries selected and planted in the step (1) are respectively the early-maturing variety, the early-maturing variety and the early-maturing variety, and the selected stock is the Jisaira number six.
And (4) cultivating the dwarf flowering branches of the large cherry in the step (4), wherein the trunk height of the tree body is 40cm, 10-15 main branches are provided, the length of the main branches is 100-150cm, and the crown width reaches 200-250cm.
The self-made plant rooting agent in the step (6) comprises the following formula: 600-800 times of liquid glucose, 1200-1500 times of liquid aspirin and 800-1000 times of liquid root sun, the using amount is 2.5kg per plant, and the amount of pruning the main branch is 1/3 of the total length of the pruned branch.
In the step (7), the amount of the thinned buds is 70 percent of the total amount, and the self-made nutrient solution formula is as follows: 800-1000 times of liquid glucose, 600-800 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate and 600-800 times of liquid phytochemicals.
The self-made fruit setting agent sprayed in the step (8) has the following formula: 700-900 times of liquid, 0.01% brassinolide, 800-1000 times of liquid, 0.1% triacontanol, 500-700 times of liquid borax and 400-600 times of liquid white granulated sugar.
Example 3
A large cherry garden building method suitable for a cold and high place in southwest comprises the following steps:
(1) Selection of varieties and stocks: three early-maturing cherry varieties which have consistent flowering phase, can pollinate mutually and are grafted by using semi-dwarf stocks are selected for planting;
(2) Selecting medium-low altitude planting land blocks: planting in a land with elevation of about 2000m, average annual temperature of about 14 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage;
(3) Planting the nursery stock: selecting annual high-quality seedlings to construct a garden, and improving soil of a land parcel before planting, wherein each 667m of the land parcel is subjected to soil improvement 2 Applying 2500kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 150kg of calcium superphosphate; then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 1.0m, the height is 30cm, the planting row spacing is 1.5m multiplied by 2.5m, and each variety is planted in one row; after planting, carrying out fixed-dry treatment, wherein the height of the fixed-dry treatment is 40cm, and smearing sealing glue at a cut;
(4) Management in the first two years after cultivation: enhancing fertilizer and water management, timely pruning, and culturing the plant tree into a dwarf arbuscular shape; weeding in time, observing whether diseases and insect pests occur or not, and comprehensively preventing and controlling according to the characteristics of the diseases and insect pests;
(5) Selection of high-altitude cultivation land: selecting a plot which has a similar distance with a medium-low altitude cultivation land, convenient traffic, an altitude of about 2600m, an annual average temperature of about 11 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage for planting;
(6) Transplanting the seedlings: and (5) transplanting the high-quality strong seedlings cultivated in the step (4) with soil balls to a high-altitude cultivation land before the plants germinate in the spring of the third year after cultivation. Firstly, soil improvement is carried out on the selected high-altitude cultivation land, and each 667m of the land is 2 3000kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 50m of humus soil are applied 3 (ii) a Then ridging and cultivating, the width of each ridge is 1.5m, the height of each ridge is 30cm, and the plants are plantedThe row spacing of the plants is 2.0m multiplied by 4.0m, and each variety is planted in one row; watering thoroughly after planting, then irrigating roots with a self-made plant rooting agent, performing short-cut pruning on all main branches, and smearing sealing glue at cut openings;
(7) Management after transplanting: after transplanting, covering a film on the ridge surface, and fixing the plants by using a bracket to prevent lodging. Watering every 10 days after cultivation until rainy season, and removing the mulching film in the last 7 months. Transplanting the seedlings in the current-year flowering period, and timely removing most flower buds in the bud emergence period of the flower buds to reduce the nutrient loss of the trees as much as possible so as to recover the tree vigor as soon as possible. Fertilizing soil in the middle 7 th month, applying 500g of 15-15 ternary compound fertilizer to each plant, and spraying a self-made nutrient solution every 14 days between the middle 5 th month and the middle 8 th month to promote the plants to recover growth and flower bud differentiation;
(8) Management in the second year and later after transplanting: and respectively spraying a self-made fruit setting agent at the full-bloom stage and the early fruit setting stage of the large cherry. In addition to normal management, 500 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate is sprayed every 14 days from the first 5 th of month to the last 7 th of month, and flower bud differentiation of plants and growth and development of fruits are promoted. The single-axis extension of the main branches is kept through pruning, and the new tips sprouting on the backs of the main branches are timely picked, so that more short fruit branches are promoted to be formed.
The three early-maturing varieties of the large cherries selected and planted in the step (1) are respectively the early-maturing variety, the early-maturing variety and the early-maturing variety, and the selected stock is the Jisaira number six.
And (4) cultivating the dwarf flowering branches of the large cherry in the step (4), wherein the trunk height of the tree body is 40cm, 10-15 main branches are provided, the length of the main branches is 100-150cm, and the crown width reaches 200-250cm.
The self-made plant rooting agent in the step (6) has the following formula: 600-800 times of liquid glucose, 1200-1500 times of liquid aspirin and 800-1000 times of liquid root sun, the using amount is 2.5kg per plant, and the amount of pruning the main branch is 1/3 of the total length of the pruned branch.
In the step (7), the amount of the thinned buds is 70% of the total amount, and the formula of the self-made nutrient solution is as follows: 800-1000 times of liquid glucose, 600-800 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate and 600-800 times of liquid phytochemicals.
The self-made fruit setting agent sprayed in the step (8) has the following formula: 700-900 times of liquid, 0.01% brassinolide, 800-1000 times of liquid, 0.1% triacontanol, 500-700 times of liquid borax and 400-600 times of liquid white granulated sugar.
Example 4
A large cherry garden building method suitable for southwest cold high lands comprises the following steps:
(1) Selection of varieties and stocks: three early-maturing cherry varieties which have consistent flowering phase, can pollinate mutually and are grafted by using semi-dwarf stocks are selected for planting;
(2) Selecting medium-low altitude planting plots: planting in a land with elevation of about 2000m, average annual temperature of about 14 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage;
(3) Planting the nursery stock: selecting annual high-quality seedlings to construct a garden, and improving soil of a land parcel before planting, wherein each 667m of the land parcel is subjected to soil improvement 2 Applying 2500kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 150kg of calcium superphosphate; then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 0.8m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.5m multiplied by 2.5m, and each variety is planted in one row; after planting, performing fixed drying treatment, and smearing sealing glue at the cut;
(4) Management in the first two years after cultivation: strengthening fertilizer and water management, timely trimming, and culturing the plant tree into a dwarf arbuscular shape; weeding in time, observing whether diseases and pests occur or not, and performing comprehensive prevention and control according to the occurrence characteristics of the diseases and pests;
(5) Selection of high-altitude cultivation land: selecting a land block which has a similar distance with a medium-low altitude cultivation land, convenient traffic, an altitude of about 3400m, an annual average temperature of about 6 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage for planting;
(6) Transplanting the nursery stock: and (4) transplanting the high-quality strong seedlings cultivated in the step (4) with soil balls to a high-altitude cultivation land before the plants germinate in spring beginning in the third year after cultivation. Firstly, soil improvement is carried out on the selected high-altitude cultivation land every 667m 2 3000kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 50m of humus soil are applied 3 (ii) a Then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 1.2m, the height is 30cm, the planting row spacing is 1.5m multiplied by 3.0m, and each variety is planted in one row; after planting, watering thoroughly, and then using self-madeIrrigating roots with the plant rooting agent, performing short-cut trimming on all main branches, and smearing sealing glue at cut openings;
(7) Management after transplanting: after transplanting, covering a film on the ridge surface, and fixing the plants by using a bracket to prevent lodging. Watering every 10 days after cultivation until rainy season, and removing the mulching film in the last 7 months. Transplanting the seedlings in the current-year flowering period, and timely removing most flower buds in the bud emergence period of the flower buds to reduce the nutrient loss of the trees as much as possible so as to recover the tree vigor as soon as possible. Fertilizing soil in the middle 7 th month, applying 500g of 15-15 ternary compound fertilizer to each plant, and spraying a self-made nutrient solution every 14 days between the middle 5 th month and the middle 8 th month to promote the plants to recover growth and flower bud differentiation;
(8) Management in the second year and later after transplanting: and respectively spraying a self-made fruit setting agent at the full-bloom stage and the early fruit setting stage of the large cherry. In addition to normal management, 500 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate is sprayed every 14 days from the first 5 th of month to the last 7 th of month, and flower bud differentiation of plants and growth and development of fruits are promoted. The single-axis extension of the main branches is kept through pruning, and the new shoots sprouting on the backs of the main branches are timely subjected to pinching, so that more short fruit branches are promoted to be formed.
The three early-maturing varieties of the large cherries selected and planted in the step (1) are respectively early, early sweet and yang and early big fruits, and the stock selected is Jisaira six.
In the step (4), the dwarf flowering branch of the large cherry is cultured, the trunk height of the tree body is required to be 40cm, 10-15 main branches are required, the length of the main branches is 100-150cm, and the crown width reaches 200-250cm.
The self-made plant rooting agent in the step (6) comprises the following formula: 600-800 times of liquid glucose, 1200-1500 times of liquid aspirin and 800-1000 times of liquid root sun, the using amount is 2.5kg per plant, and the amount of pruning the main branch is 1/3 of the total length of the pruned branch.
In the step (7), the amount of the thinned buds is 70 percent of the total amount, and the self-made nutrient solution formula is as follows: 800-1000 times of liquid glucose, 600-800 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate and 600-800 times of liquid phytochemicals.
The self-made fruit setting agent sprayed in the step (8) has the following formula: 700-900 times of liquid, 0.01% brassinolide, 800-1000 times of liquid, 0.1% triacontanol, 500-700 times of liquid borax and 400-600 times of liquid white granulated sugar.
And (3) comparison test:
by respectively adopting the method and the traditional cultivation management mode, 100 large cherries with the same variety are tested, and the yield is counted continuously for three years from the fourth year after cultivation to obtain the following data:
| item | Yield in the fourth year (kg) | Yield in the fifth year (kg) | Yield (kg) of the sixth year | Fruit quality |
| The method of the invention | 3.60 | 5.40 | 6.50 | Big, full and good taste |
| Conventional methods | 0 | 0.65 | 1.20 | Small fruit, bad shape and sour taste |
From the results, the method can effectively improve the yield and the fruit quality of the large cherries in the southwest high-altitude cold areas, and is a method with great popularization value.
Claims (4)
1. A large cherry garden building method suitable for a cold and high place in southwest is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Selection of varieties and stocks: three early-maturing cherry varieties which have consistent flowering phase, can pollinate mutually and are grafted by using semi-dwarf stocks are selected for planting;
(2) Selecting medium-low altitude planting land blocks: planting in land with elevation of 1600-2000m, annual average temperature of 14-16 deg.c, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good water drainage;
(3) Planting the nursery stock: selecting annual high-quality seedlings to construct a garden, and improving soil of a land parcel before planting, wherein each 667m of the land parcel is subjected to soil improvement 2 Applying 2500kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 150kg of calcium superphosphate; then ridging and cultivating, wherein the width of each ridge is 0.8-1.0m, the height of each ridge is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.5m multiplied by 2.5m, and each variety is planted in one row; after planting, carrying out fixed-dry treatment, wherein the height of the fixed-dry treatment is 40cm, and smearing sealing glue at a cut;
(4) Management in the first two years after cultivation: enhancing fertilizer and water management, timely pruning, and culturing the plant tree into a dwarf arbuscular shape; weeding in time, observing whether diseases and pests occur or not, and performing comprehensive prevention and control according to the occurrence characteristics of the diseases and pests;
(5) Selection of high-altitude cultivation land: selecting a land which has a similar distance with a medium-low altitude cultivation land and convenient traffic, has the altitude of 2600-3400m, the annual average temperature of 6-11 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage for planting;
(6) Transplanting the seedlings: transplanting the high-quality strong seedlings cultivated in the step (4) with soil balls to a high-altitude cultivation land before the plants germinate in the spring of the third year after cultivation; firstly, soil improvement is carried out on the selected high-altitude cultivation land, and each 667m of the land is 2 Applying 3000kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 50m of humus 3 (ii) a Then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 1.2-1.5m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.5-2.0m multiplied by 3.0-4.0m, and each variety has one row; after planting, watering thoroughly, and then irrigating with self-made plant rooting agentCutting and trimming all main branches, and smearing sealing glue at the cut; the self-made plant rooting agent comprises the following formula: 600-800 times of liquid glucose, 1200-1500 times of liquid aspirin and 800-1000 times of liquid root sun, wherein the using amount is 2.5kg per plant, and the amount of pruning the main branch is 1/3 of the total length of the pruned branch;
(7) Management after transplanting: after transplanting, covering a film on the ridge surface, and fixing the plants by using a bracket to prevent lodging; watering every 15 days after cultivation until rainy season, and removing the mulching film in the last 7 months; transplanting the current-year flowering phase, and timely removing most flower buds in the bud emergence period of the flower buds to reduce the nutrient loss of the tree body as much as possible so as to recover the tree vigor as soon as possible; fertilizing soil in the middle 7 th month, applying 500g of 15-15 ternary compound fertilizer to each plant, and spraying a self-made nutrient solution every 14 days between the middle 5 th month and the middle 8 th month to promote the plants to recover growth and flower bud differentiation;
(8) Management in the second year and later after transplanting: respectively spraying a self-made fruit setting agent in the full-bloom stage and the early fruit setting stage of the large cherry; in addition to normal management, 500 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate is sprayed every 14 days from the first 5 th to the last 7 th of month, so that flower bud differentiation of plants and growth and development of fruits are promoted; the single-axis extension of the main branches is maintained through pruning, and new shoots sprouting on the backs of the main branches are timely subjected to pinching to promote the formation of more short fruit branches; the self-made fruit setting agent comprises the following formula: 700-900 times of liquid, 0.01% brassinolide, 800-1000 times of liquid, 0.1% triacontanol, 500-700 times of liquid borax and 400-600 times of liquid white granulated sugar.
2. The method for garden building of large cherries suitable for southwest cold high lands according to claim 1, wherein the three early-maturing varieties of large cherries selected and planted in step (1) are early-maturing, early-sweet-yang and early-big fruit respectively, and the rootstock selected is Gisela six.
3. The method for cultivating the large cherry orchard suitable for the southwest cold and high land is characterized in that the dwarf-shaped multi-branch-shaped cultivation of the large cherry in the step (4) requires that the trunk of a tree body is 40cm high, 10-15 main branches are provided, the length of the main branches is 100-150cm, and the crown width reaches 200-250cm.
4. The method for building the garden of large cherries suitable for the southwest cold and high lands according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the thinned buds in the step (7) is 70% of the total amount, and the self-made nutrient solution formula is as follows: 800-1000 times of liquid glucose, 600-800 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate and 600-800 times of liquid phytochemicals.
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