CN113906950A - Large cherry garden building method suitable for southwest cold highland - Google Patents
Large cherry garden building method suitable for southwest cold highland Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113906950A CN113906950A CN202111210840.7A CN202111210840A CN113906950A CN 113906950 A CN113906950 A CN 113906950A CN 202111210840 A CN202111210840 A CN 202111210840A CN 113906950 A CN113906950 A CN 113906950A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- altitude
- cultivation
- planting
- land
- transplanting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a large cherry garden building method suitable for a south-west high-altitude cold area, which comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting varieties and stocks; (2) selecting a medium-low altitude planting land block; (3) planting the nursery stock; (4) managing the first two years after cultivation; (5) selecting a high-altitude cultivation land; (6) transplanting the seedlings; (7) managing after transplanting; (8) and (5) managing the transplanted seedling in the second year and later. According to the method, the characteristics of vertical three-dimensional climate in high-altitude areas in the southwest are utilized, the high-quality seedlings of the annual large cherries are firstly cultivated for two years in the middle-low altitude areas with rich photo-thermal resources, then the seedlings are transplanted and fixedly planted in the high-altitude cold areas with the volume of 2600 plus 3400m before spring germination in the third year, the field planting in the current year can be realized, the single-plant yield in the second year reaches more than 3.5 kg, the time of entering the full bearing period of the large cherries when the large cherries are planted in the high-altitude cold areas in the southwest is effectively shortened, and the yield and the quality of fruits are improved. In addition, the mature period of the large cherries is 1-2 months later than that of the main production area in China due to the cold climate in the high-altitude areas in the southwest, the market vacancy period is effectively made up, and higher economic benefits can be brought to growers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fruit tree cultivation method, and belongs to the field of plant cultivation.
Background
The large cherry is also called sweet cherry and cherry, and is a warm-zone deciduous fruit tree. The fruit is rich in nutrition, has the functions of maintaining beauty and keeping young, regulating middle warmer and tonifying qi, and dispelling wind-damp, and is a health-care fruit with higher nutritive value and economic value. So far, the cultivation area of large cherries in the southwest region of China exceeds 1 ten thousand hm2. In the area with the altitude 2600-increased by 3400m and the annual average temperature of 6-11 ℃, because the low temperature below 7.2 ℃ is sufficient in winter, the climate is cold in summer, the sunshine time is long, the day and night temperature difference is large, the growth period of the produced large cherry fruits is long, the nutrient substances are fully accumulated, the taste is fragrant and sweet, and the quality is excellent. However, due to the fact that the altitude of the area is high, the climate is cool, the annual effective accumulated temperature is low, the large cherries grow and develop slowly in the area, the fruit bearing is late, the large cherries need to grow for five years to start bearing the fruit, and the full bearing period can be reached in about eight years. Long childhood, low yield of single plant, serious restriction of the plantThe cherry industry has evolved in this area. Therefore, a cultivation method which is simple and easy to operate and can realize high early fruit yield of large cherries is researched in high-altitude cold areas in the southwest, and the cultivation method has great significance for developing large cherry industry in the areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up for the defects of the prior art in the cultivation of large cherries in high-altitude cold areas in the southwest, and provides a cultivation method which is simple to operate and can realize the early fruiting and high yield of the large cherries in the areas.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a large cherry garden building method suitable for a cold and high place in southwest comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of varieties and stocks: three early-maturing varieties of large cherries which have consistent flowering phase and can be pollinated mutually and are grafted by using semi-dwarf stocks are selected for planting;
(2) selecting medium-low altitude planting plots: selecting a plot with the altitude of 1600-2000m, the annual average temperature of 14-16 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage for planting;
(3) planting the nursery stock: selecting annual high-quality seedlings to construct a garden, and improving soil of a land parcel before planting, wherein each 667m of the land parcel is subjected to soil improvement22500kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 150kg of calcium superphosphate are applied. Then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 0.8-1.0m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.5m multiplied by 2.5m, and each variety is planted in one row; after planting, carrying out fixed-dry treatment, wherein the height of the fixed-dry treatment is 40cm, and smearing sealing glue at a cut;
(4) management in the first two years after cultivation: enhancing fertilizer and water management, timely pruning, and culturing the plant tree into a dwarf arbuscular shape; weeding in time, observing whether diseases and pests occur or not, and performing comprehensive prevention and control according to the occurrence characteristics of the diseases and pests;
(5) selection of high-altitude cultivation land: selecting a plot which is close to the medium-low altitude cultivation land distance and convenient to transport, has the altitude of 2600 + 3400m, the annual average temperature of 6-11 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage for planting;
(6) transplanting the seedlings: third after cultivationAnd (4) transplanting the high-quality strong seedlings cultivated in the step (4) with soil balls to a high-altitude cultivation land before the plants germinate in spring of the year. Firstly, soil improvement is carried out on the selected high-altitude cultivation land, and each 667m of the land is23000kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 50m of humus soil are applied3(ii) a Then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 1.2-1.5m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.5-2.0m multiplied by 3.0-4.0m, and each variety has one row; watering thoroughly after planting, then irrigating roots with a self-made plant rooting agent, performing short-cut pruning on all main branches, and smearing sealing glue at cut openings;
(7) management after transplanting: after transplanting, covering a film on the ridge surface, and fixing the plants by using a bracket to prevent lodging. Watering every 15 days after cultivation until rainy season, and removing the mulching film in the last 7 months. Transplanting the seedlings in the current-year flowering period, and timely removing most flower buds in the bud emergence period of the flower buds to reduce the nutrient loss of the trees as much as possible so as to recover the tree vigor as soon as possible. Fertilizing soil in the middle of 7 months, applying 500g of ternary compound fertilizer in a ratio of 15:15:15 to each plant, and spraying self-made nutrient solution every 14 days between the middle of 5 months and the middle of 8 months to promote the growth recovery and flower bud differentiation of the plants;
(8) management in the second year and later after transplanting: and respectively spraying a self-made fruit setting agent at the full-bloom stage and the early fruit setting stage of the large cherry. In addition to normal management, 500 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate is sprayed every 14 days from the first 5 th of month to the last 7 th of month, and flower bud differentiation of plants and growth and development of fruits are promoted. The single-axis extension of the main branches is kept through pruning, and the new shoots sprouting on the backs of the main branches are timely subjected to pinching, so that more short fruit branches are promoted to be formed.
The three early-maturing varieties of the large cherries selected and planted in the step (1) are respectively early, early sweet and yang and early big fruits, and the stock selected is Jisaira six.
The cultivation of the dwarf flowering shoots of the large cherries in the step (4) requires that the trunk of the tree body is 40cm high, 10-15 main branches are provided, the length of the main branch is 100-150cm, and the crown width reaches 200-250 cm.
The self-made plant rooting agent in the step (6) comprises the following formula: 600-800 times of liquid glucose, 1200-1500 times of liquid aspirin, 800-1000 times of liquid root sun, the using amount is 2.5 kg/plant, and the amount of pruning the main branch is 1/3 of the total length of the pruned branch.
In the step (7), the amount of the thinned buds is 70% of the total amount, and the formula of the self-made nutrient solution is as follows: 800-.
The self-made fruit setting agent sprayed in the step (8) has the following formula: 700-900 times liquid 0.01% brassinolide + 800-1000 times liquid 0.1% triacontanol + 500-700 times liquid borax + 400-600 times liquid white granulated sugar.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the characteristics of vertical three-dimensional climate in high-altitude areas in the southwest are utilized, the high-quality seedlings of the annual large cherries are firstly cultivated for two years in the middle-low altitude areas with rich photo-thermal resources, then the seedlings are transplanted and fixedly planted in the high-altitude areas with the volume of 2600 plus 3400m before spring germination in the third year, the field planting in the current year can be realized, the single-plant yield in the second year reaches more than 3.50kg, the time of entering the full-bearing period when the large cherries are planted in the high-altitude cold areas in the southwest is effectively shortened, and the yield and the quality of fruits are improved. In addition, the mature period of the large cherries is 1-2 months later than that of the main domestic production area in the cold climate of the high-altitude area, so that the market vacancy period is effectively made up, and higher economic benefits can be brought to growers.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A large cherry garden building method suitable for a cold and high place in southwest comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of varieties and stocks: three early-maturing varieties of large cherries which have consistent flowering phase and can be pollinated mutually and are grafted by using semi-dwarf stocks are selected for planting;
(2) selecting medium-low altitude planting plots: planting in a land block with elevation of about 1600m, annual average temperature of about 16 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage;
(3) planting the nursery stock: selecting annual high-quality seedlings to construct a garden, and improving soil of a land parcel before planting, wherein each 667m of the land parcel is subjected to soil improvement2Applying 2500kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 150kg of calcium superphosphate; then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 1.0m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.5m multiplied by 2.5m, and each variety is planted in one row; after the planting, the fixed-dry treatment is carried out,setting the height of the dry part to be 40cm, and smearing sealing glue at the cut;
(4) management in the first two years after cultivation: enhancing fertilizer and water management, timely pruning, and culturing the plant tree into a dwarf arbuscular shape; weeding in time, observing whether diseases and pests occur or not, and performing comprehensive prevention and control according to the occurrence characteristics of the diseases and pests;
(5) selection of high-altitude cultivation land: selecting a plot which has a similar distance with a medium-low altitude cultivation land, convenient traffic, an altitude of about 2600m, an annual average temperature of about 11 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage for planting;
(6) transplanting the seedlings: and (4) transplanting the high-quality strong seedlings cultivated in the step (4) with soil balls to a high-altitude cultivation land before the plants germinate in spring beginning in the third year after cultivation. Firstly, soil improvement is carried out on the selected high-altitude cultivation land, and each 667m of the land is23000kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 50m of humus soil are applied3(ii) a Then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 1.5m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 2.0m multiplied by 4.0m, and each variety is planted in one row; watering thoroughly after planting, then irrigating roots with a self-made plant rooting agent, performing short-cut pruning on all main branches, and smearing sealing glue at cut openings;
(7) management after transplanting: after transplanting, covering a film on the ridge surface, and fixing the plants by using a bracket to prevent lodging. Watering every 10 days after cultivation until rainy season, and removing the mulching film in the last 7 months. Transplanting the seedlings in the current-year flowering period, and timely removing most flower buds in the bud emergence period of the flower buds to reduce the nutrient loss of the trees as much as possible so as to recover the tree vigor as soon as possible. Fertilizing soil in the middle of 7 months, applying 500g of ternary compound fertilizer in a ratio of 15:15:15 to each plant, and spraying self-made nutrient solution every 14 days between the middle of 5 months and the middle of 8 months to promote the growth recovery and flower bud differentiation of the plants;
(8) management in the second year and later after transplanting: and respectively spraying a self-made fruit setting agent at the full-bloom stage and the early fruit setting stage of the large cherry. In addition to normal management, 500 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate is sprayed every 14 days from the first 5 th of month to the last 7 th of month, and flower bud differentiation of plants and growth and development of fruits are promoted. The single-axis extension of the main branches is kept through pruning, and the new shoots sprouting on the backs of the main branches are timely subjected to pinching, so that more short fruit branches are promoted to be formed.
The three early-maturing varieties of the large cherries selected and planted in the step (1) are respectively early, early sweet and yang and early big fruits, and the stock selected is Jisaira six.
The cultivation of the dwarf flowering shoots of the large cherries in the step (4) requires that the trunk of the tree body is 40cm high, 10-15 main branches are provided, the length of the main branch is 100-150cm, and the crown width reaches 200-250 cm.
The self-made plant rooting agent in the step (6) comprises the following formula: 600-800 times of liquid glucose, 1200-1500 times of liquid aspirin, 800-1000 times of liquid root sun, the using amount is 2.5 kg/plant, and the amount of pruning the main branch is 1/3 of the total length of the pruned branch.
In the step (7), the amount of the thinned buds is 70% of the total amount, and the formula of the self-made nutrient solution is as follows: 800-.
The self-made fruit setting agent sprayed in the step (8) has the following formula: 700-900 times liquid 0.01% brassinolide + 800-1000 times liquid 0.1% triacontanol + 500-700 times liquid borax + 400-600 times liquid white granulated sugar.
Example 2
A large cherry garden building method suitable for a cold and high place in southwest comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of varieties and stocks: three early-maturing varieties of large cherries which have consistent flowering phase and can be pollinated mutually and are grafted by using semi-dwarf stocks are selected for planting;
(2) selecting medium-low altitude planting plots: planting in a land block with elevation of about 1600m, annual average temperature of about 16 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage;
(3) planting the nursery stock: selecting annual high-quality seedlings to construct a garden, and improving soil of a land parcel before planting, wherein each 667m of the land parcel is subjected to soil improvement2Applying 1500 kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 150kg of calcium superphosphate; then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 0.8m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.5m multiplied by 2.5m, and each variety is planted in one row; after planting, carrying out fixed-dry treatment, wherein the height of the fixed-dry treatment is 40cm, and smearing sealing glue at a cut;
(4) management in the first two years after cultivation: enhancing fertilizer and water management, timely pruning, and culturing the plant tree into a dwarf arbuscular shape; weeding in time, observing whether diseases and pests occur or not, and performing comprehensive prevention and control according to the occurrence characteristics of the diseases and pests;
(5) selection of high-altitude cultivation land: selecting a land block which has a similar distance with a medium-low altitude cultivation land, convenient traffic, an altitude of about 3400m, an annual average temperature of about 6 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage for planting;
(6) transplanting the seedlings: and (4) transplanting the high-quality strong seedlings cultivated in the step (4) with soil balls to a high-altitude cultivation land before the plants germinate in spring beginning in the third year after cultivation. Firstly, soil improvement is carried out on the selected high-altitude cultivation land, and each 667m of the land is23000kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 50m of humus soil are applied3(ii) a Then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 1.2m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.5m multiplied by 3.0m, and each variety is planted in one row; watering thoroughly after planting, then irrigating roots with a self-made plant rooting agent, performing short-cut pruning on all main branches, and smearing sealing glue at cut openings;
(7) management after transplanting: after transplanting, covering a film on the ridge surface, and fixing the plants by using a bracket to prevent lodging. Watering every 10 days after cultivation until rainy season, and removing the mulching film in the last 7 months. Transplanting the seedlings in the current-year flowering period, and timely removing most flower buds in the bud emergence period of the flower buds to reduce the nutrient loss of the trees as much as possible so as to recover the tree vigor as soon as possible. Fertilizing soil in the middle of 7 months, applying 500g of ternary compound fertilizer in a ratio of 15:15:15 to each plant, and spraying self-made nutrient solution every 14 days between the middle of 5 months and the middle of 8 months to promote the growth recovery and flower bud differentiation of the plants;
(8) management in the second year and later after transplanting: and respectively spraying a self-made fruit setting agent at the full-bloom stage and the early fruit setting stage of the large cherry. In addition to normal management, 500 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate is sprayed every 14 days from the first 5 th of month to the last 7 th of month, and flower bud differentiation of plants and growth and development of fruits are promoted. The single-axis extension of the main branches is kept through pruning, and the new shoots sprouting on the backs of the main branches are timely subjected to pinching, so that more short fruit branches are promoted to be formed.
The three early-maturing varieties of the large cherries selected and planted in the step (1) are respectively early, early sweet and yang and early big fruits, and the stock selected is Jisaira six.
The cultivation of the dwarf flowering shoots of the large cherries in the step (4) requires that the trunk of the tree body is 40cm high, 10-15 main branches are provided, the length of the main branch is 100-150cm, and the crown width reaches 200-250 cm.
The self-made plant rooting agent in the step (6) comprises the following formula: 600-800 times of liquid glucose, 1200-1500 times of liquid aspirin, 800-1000 times of liquid root sun, the using amount is 2.5 kg/plant, and the amount of pruning the main branch is 1/3 of the total length of the pruned branch.
In the step (7), the amount of the thinned buds is 70% of the total amount, and the formula of the self-made nutrient solution is as follows: 800-.
The self-made fruit setting agent sprayed in the step (8) has the following formula: 700-900 times liquid 0.01% brassinolide + 800-1000 times liquid 0.1% triacontanol + 500-700 times liquid borax + 400-600 times liquid white granulated sugar.
Example 3
A large cherry garden building method suitable for a cold and high place in southwest comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of varieties and stocks: three early-maturing varieties of large cherries which have consistent flowering phase and can be pollinated mutually and are grafted by using semi-dwarf stocks are selected for planting;
(2) selecting medium-low altitude planting plots: planting in a land with elevation of about 2000m, average annual temperature of about 14 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage;
(3) planting the nursery stock: selecting annual high-quality seedlings to construct a garden, and improving soil of a land parcel before planting, wherein each 667m of the land parcel is subjected to soil improvement2Applying 2500kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 150kg of calcium superphosphate; then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 1.0m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.5m multiplied by 2.5m, and each variety is planted in one row; after planting, carrying out fixed-dry treatment, wherein the height of the fixed-dry treatment is 40cm, and smearing sealing glue at a cut;
(4) management in the first two years after cultivation: enhancing fertilizer and water management, timely pruning, and culturing the plant tree into a dwarf arbuscular shape; weeding in time, observing whether diseases and pests occur or not, and performing comprehensive prevention and control according to the occurrence characteristics of the diseases and pests;
(5) selection of high-altitude cultivation land: selecting a plot which has a similar distance with a medium-low altitude cultivation land, convenient traffic, an altitude of about 2600m, an annual average temperature of about 11 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage for planting;
(6) transplanting the seedlings: and (4) transplanting the high-quality strong seedlings cultivated in the step (4) with soil balls to a high-altitude cultivation land before the plants germinate in spring beginning in the third year after cultivation. Firstly, soil improvement is carried out on the selected high-altitude cultivation land, and each 667m of the land is23000kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 50m of humus soil are applied3(ii) a Then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 1.5m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 2.0m multiplied by 4.0m, and each variety is planted in one row; watering thoroughly after planting, then irrigating roots with a self-made plant rooting agent, performing short-cut pruning on all main branches, and smearing sealing glue at cut openings;
(7) management after transplanting: after transplanting, covering a film on the ridge surface, and fixing the plants by using a bracket to prevent lodging. Watering every 10 days after cultivation until rainy season, and removing the mulching film in the last 7 months. Transplanting the seedlings in the current-year flowering period, and timely removing most flower buds in the bud emergence period of the flower buds to reduce the nutrient loss of the trees as much as possible so as to recover the tree vigor as soon as possible. Fertilizing soil in the middle of 7 months, applying 500g of ternary compound fertilizer in a ratio of 15:15:15 to each plant, and spraying self-made nutrient solution every 14 days between the middle of 5 months and the middle of 8 months to promote the growth recovery and flower bud differentiation of the plants;
(8) management in the second year and later after transplanting: and respectively spraying a self-made fruit setting agent at the full-bloom stage and the early fruit setting stage of the large cherry. In addition to normal management, 500 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate is sprayed every 14 days from the first 5 th of month to the last 7 th of month, and flower bud differentiation of plants and growth and development of fruits are promoted. The single-axis extension of the main branches is kept through pruning, and the new shoots sprouting on the backs of the main branches are timely subjected to pinching, so that more short fruit branches are promoted to be formed.
The three early-maturing varieties of the large cherries selected and planted in the step (1) are respectively early, early sweet and yang and early big fruits, and the stock selected is Jisaira six.
The cultivation of the dwarf flowering shoots of the large cherries in the step (4) requires that the trunk of the tree body is 40cm high, 10-15 main branches are provided, the length of the main branch is 100-150cm, and the crown width reaches 200-250 cm.
The self-made plant rooting agent in the step (6) comprises the following formula: 600-800 times of liquid glucose, 1200-1500 times of liquid aspirin, 800-1000 times of liquid root sun, the using amount is 2.5 kg/plant, and the amount of pruning the main branch is 1/3 of the total length of the pruned branch.
In the step (7), the amount of the thinned buds is 70% of the total amount, and the formula of the self-made nutrient solution is as follows: 800-.
The self-made fruit setting agent sprayed in the step (8) has the following formula: 700-900 times liquid 0.01% brassinolide + 800-1000 times liquid 0.1% triacontanol + 500-700 times liquid borax + 400-600 times liquid white granulated sugar.
Example 4
A large cherry garden building method suitable for a cold and high place in southwest comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of varieties and stocks: three early-maturing varieties of large cherries which have consistent flowering phase and can be pollinated mutually and are grafted by using semi-dwarf stocks are selected for planting;
(2) selecting medium-low altitude planting plots: planting in a land with elevation of about 2000m, average annual temperature of about 14 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage;
(3) planting the nursery stock: selecting annual high-quality seedlings to construct a garden, and improving soil of a land parcel before planting, wherein each 667m of the land parcel is subjected to soil improvement2Applying 2500kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 150kg of calcium superphosphate; then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 0.8m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.5m multiplied by 2.5m, and each variety is planted in one row; after planting, performing fixed drying treatment, and smearing sealing glue at the cut;
(4) management in the first two years after cultivation: enhancing fertilizer and water management, timely pruning, and culturing the plant tree into a dwarf arbuscular shape; weeding in time, observing whether diseases and pests occur or not, and performing comprehensive prevention and control according to the occurrence characteristics of the diseases and pests;
(5) selection of high-altitude cultivation land: selecting a land block which has a similar distance with a medium-low altitude cultivation land, convenient traffic, an altitude of about 3400m, an annual average temperature of about 6 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage for planting;
(6) transplanting the seedlings: and (4) transplanting the high-quality strong seedlings cultivated in the step (4) with soil balls to a high-altitude cultivation land before the plants germinate in spring beginning in the third year after cultivation. Firstly, soil improvement is carried out on the selected high-altitude cultivation land, and each 667m of the land is23000kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 50m of humus soil are applied3(ii) a Then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 1.2m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.5m multiplied by 3.0m, and each variety is planted in one row; watering thoroughly after planting, then irrigating roots with a self-made plant rooting agent, performing short-cut pruning on all main branches, and smearing sealing glue at cut openings;
(7) management after transplanting: after transplanting, covering a film on the ridge surface, and fixing the plants by using a bracket to prevent lodging. Watering every 10 days after cultivation until rainy season, and removing the mulching film in the last 7 months. Transplanting the seedlings in the current-year flowering period, and timely removing most flower buds in the bud emergence period of the flower buds to reduce the nutrient loss of the trees as much as possible so as to recover the tree vigor as soon as possible. Fertilizing soil in the middle of 7 months, applying 500g of ternary compound fertilizer in a ratio of 15:15:15 to each plant, and spraying self-made nutrient solution every 14 days between the middle of 5 months and the middle of 8 months to promote the growth recovery and flower bud differentiation of the plants;
(8) management in the second year and later after transplanting: and respectively spraying a self-made fruit setting agent at the full-bloom stage and the early fruit setting stage of the large cherry. In addition to normal management, 500 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate is sprayed every 14 days from the first 5 th of month to the last 7 th of month, and flower bud differentiation of plants and growth and development of fruits are promoted. The single-axis extension of the main branches is kept through pruning, and the new shoots sprouting on the backs of the main branches are timely subjected to pinching, so that more short fruit branches are promoted to be formed.
The three early-maturing varieties of the large cherries selected and planted in the step (1) are respectively early, early sweet and yang and early big fruits, and the stock selected is Jisaira six.
The cultivation of the dwarf flowering shoots of the large cherries in the step (4) requires that the trunk of the tree body is 40cm high, 10-15 main branches are provided, the length of the main branch is 100-150cm, and the crown width reaches 200-250 cm.
The self-made plant rooting agent in the step (6) comprises the following formula: 600-800 times of liquid glucose, 1200-1500 times of liquid aspirin, 800-1000 times of liquid root sun, the using amount is 2.5 kg/plant, and the amount of pruning the main branch is 1/3 of the total length of the pruned branch.
In the step (7), the amount of the thinned buds is 70% of the total amount, and the formula of the self-made nutrient solution is as follows: 800-.
The self-made fruit setting agent sprayed in the step (8) has the following formula: 700-900 times liquid 0.01% brassinolide + 800-1000 times liquid 0.1% triacontanol + 500-700 times liquid borax + 400-600 times liquid white granulated sugar.
And (3) comparison test:
by respectively adopting the method and the traditional cultivation management mode, 100 large cherries of the same variety are tested, and the yield is counted for three consecutive years from the fourth year after cultivation to obtain the following data:
| item | Yield in the fourth year (kg) | Yield in the fifth year (kg) | Yield (kg) of the sixth year | Fruit quality |
| The method of the invention | 3.60 | 5.40 | 6.50 | Big, full and good taste |
| Conventional methods | 0 | 0.65 | 1.20 | Small fruit, bad shape and sour taste |
From the results, the method can effectively improve the yield and the fruit quality of the large cherries in the southwest high-altitude cold areas, and is a method with great popularization value.
Claims (6)
1. A large cherry garden building method suitable for a cold and high place in southwest is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of varieties and stocks: three early-maturing varieties of large cherries which have consistent flowering phase and can be pollinated mutually and are grafted by using semi-dwarf stocks are selected for planting;
(2) selecting medium-low altitude planting plots: selecting a plot with the altitude of 1600-2000m, the annual average temperature of 14-16 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage for planting;
(3) planting the nursery stock: selecting annual high-quality seedlings to construct a garden, and improving soil of a land parcel before planting, wherein each 667m of the land parcel is subjected to soil improvement2Applying 2500kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 150kg of calcium superphosphate; then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 0.8-1.0m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.5m multiplied by 2.5m, and each variety is planted in one row; after planting, carrying out fixed-dry treatment, wherein the height of the fixed-dry treatment is 40cm, and smearing sealing glue at a cut;
(4) management in the first two years after cultivation: enhancing fertilizer and water management, timely pruning, and culturing the plant tree into a dwarf arbuscular shape; weeding in time, observing whether diseases and pests occur or not, and performing comprehensive prevention and control according to the occurrence characteristics of the diseases and pests;
(5) selection of high-altitude cultivation land: selecting a plot which is close to the medium-low altitude cultivation land distance and convenient to transport, has the altitude of 2600 + 3400m, the annual average temperature of 6-11 ℃, sufficient illumination, fertile soil and good drainage for planting;
(6) transplanting the seedlings: transplanting the high-quality strong seedlings cultivated in the step (4) with soil balls to a high-altitude cultivation land before the plants germinate in spring beginning in the third year after cultivation; firstly, soil improvement is carried out on the selected high-altitude cultivation land, and each 667m of the land is23000kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 50m of humus soil are applied3(ii) a Then ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 1.2-1.5m, the height is 30cm, the row spacing of the planted plants is 1.5-2.0m multiplied by 3.0-4.0m, and each variety has one row; watering thoroughly after planting, then irrigating roots with a self-made plant rooting agent, performing short-cut pruning on all main branches, and smearing sealing glue at cut openings;
(7) management after transplanting: after transplanting, covering a film on the ridge surface, and fixing the plants by using a bracket to prevent lodging; watering every 15 days after cultivation until rainy season, and removing the mulching film in the last 7 months; transplanting the current-year flowering phase, and timely removing most flower buds in the bud emergence period of the flower buds to reduce the nutrient loss of the tree body as much as possible so as to recover the tree vigor as soon as possible; fertilizing soil in the middle of 7 months, applying 500g of ternary compound fertilizer in a ratio of 15:15:15 to each plant, and spraying self-made nutrient solution every 14 days between the middle of 5 months and the middle of 8 months to promote the growth recovery and flower bud differentiation of the plants;
(8) management in the second year and later after transplanting: respectively spraying a self-made fruit setting agent at the full-bloom stage and the early fruit setting stage of the large cherry; in addition to normal management, 500 times of liquid monopotassium phosphate is sprayed every 14 days from the first 5 th to the last 7 th of month, so that flower bud differentiation of plants and growth and development of fruits are promoted; the single-axis extension of the main branches is kept through pruning, and the new shoots sprouting on the backs of the main branches are timely subjected to pinching, so that more short fruit branches are promoted to be formed.
2. The method for garden building of large cherries suitable for southwest cold high lands according to claim 1, wherein the three early-maturing varieties of large cherries selected and planted in step (1) are early-maturing, early-sweet-yang and early-big fruit respectively, and the rootstock selected is Gisela six.
3. The method for cultivating the large cherry orchard suitable for the southwest cold and high land is characterized in that the dwarf-shaped multi-branch-shaped cultivation of the large cherry in the step (4) requires that the trunk of the tree body is 40cm high, 10-15 main branches are provided, the length of the main branch is 100-150cm, and the crown width reaches 200-250 cm.
4. The large cherry garden building method suitable for the south west cold high lands according to claim 1, wherein the self-made plant rooting agent formula in the step (6) is as follows: 600-800 times of liquid glucose, 1200-1500 times of liquid aspirin, 800-1000 times of liquid root sun, the using amount is 2.5 kg/plant, and the amount of pruning the main branch is 1/3 of the total length of the pruned branch.
5. The method for building the garden of large cherries suitable for the southwest cold and high lands according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the thinned buds in the step (7) is 70% of the total amount, and the self-made nutrient solution formula is as follows: 800-.
6. The large cherry orchard establishment method suitable for the southwest cold highland according to claim 1, wherein the self-made fruit setting agent sprayed in the step (8) is prepared from the following formula: 700-900 times liquid 0.01% brassinolide + 800-1000 times liquid 0.1% triacontanol + 500-700 times liquid borax + 400-600 times liquid white granulated sugar.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111210840.7A CN113906950B (en) | 2021-10-18 | 2021-10-18 | Large cherry garden building method suitable for southwest cold highland |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111210840.7A CN113906950B (en) | 2021-10-18 | 2021-10-18 | Large cherry garden building method suitable for southwest cold highland |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113906950A true CN113906950A (en) | 2022-01-11 |
| CN113906950B CN113906950B (en) | 2023-04-07 |
Family
ID=79241288
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111210840.7A Active CN113906950B (en) | 2021-10-18 | 2021-10-18 | Large cherry garden building method suitable for southwest cold highland |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113906950B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115250816A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-11-01 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Apple planting method for reducing ultraviolet hazard in high-altitude areas |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1097547A (en) * | 1993-07-17 | 1995-01-25 | 张修洋 | A kind of fruit preservative special for orange |
| CN106961977A (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2017-07-21 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | A kind of Yunnan Paris polyphylla low altitude area nursery High aititude implantation methods |
| CN107307003A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-11-03 | 兴义市龙安园林绿化有限公司 | A kind of Bougainvillea spectabilis root-growing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN108651131A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-10-16 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | High altitude localities blueberry cultivation method |
| CN108738975A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-11-06 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | High altitude localities blueberry two-part cultural method |
| CN109526432A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-29 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | The nursery of coll area at high altitude sweet cherry and garden building method |
| CN111512876A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-08-11 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | Method suitable for improving fruit setting rate of large cherries in southwest province |
-
2021
- 2021-10-18 CN CN202111210840.7A patent/CN113906950B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1097547A (en) * | 1993-07-17 | 1995-01-25 | 张修洋 | A kind of fruit preservative special for orange |
| CN106961977A (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2017-07-21 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | A kind of Yunnan Paris polyphylla low altitude area nursery High aititude implantation methods |
| CN107307003A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-11-03 | 兴义市龙安园林绿化有限公司 | A kind of Bougainvillea spectabilis root-growing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN108651131A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-10-16 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | High altitude localities blueberry cultivation method |
| CN108738975A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-11-06 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | High altitude localities blueberry two-part cultural method |
| CN109526432A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-29 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | The nursery of coll area at high altitude sweet cherry and garden building method |
| CN111512876A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-08-11 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | Method suitable for improving fruit setting rate of large cherries in southwest province |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115250816A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-11-01 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Apple planting method for reducing ultraviolet hazard in high-altitude areas |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113906950B (en) | 2023-04-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106376343A (en) | Efficient ecological anniversary planting method of middle-season rice ratooning rice and astragalus smicus | |
| CN111296161A (en) | Cultivation method of seedless Wo oranges | |
| CN111011019A (en) | Grape grafting and seedling method | |
| CN113906950B (en) | Large cherry garden building method suitable for southwest cold highland | |
| CN106982702B (en) | Method for selling grapes in greenhouse twice a year in spring festival | |
| CN113016515A (en) | Chestnut-flavor pumpkin planting method capable of improving yield | |
| CN108849190B (en) | Low-dry thin-planting high-quality high-yield cultivation method for fruit mulberry | |
| CN105724166A (en) | Greenhouse grape single-mother-vine fruiting successive-year double-cropping cultivation method | |
| CN116158316A (en) | High-yield method for overwintering cultivation of facility peppers | |
| CN112005823B (en) | Ecological planting method for strawberry variety resource preservation | |
| CN114303817A (en) | Method for interplanting wormwood under fruit trees | |
| CN108934830B (en) | No-tillage cultivation method for cucumber in stubble replacement | |
| CN113079932A (en) | Cultivation method for reducing fruit cracking rate of prunus salicina | |
| CN112889600A (en) | Cultivation method for interplanting and crop rotation of mountain pepper-corn-rape-garlic | |
| CN106888741A (en) | A kind of small-sized wax gourd cultivation method for premature | |
| CN106888886A (en) | A kind of shaddock cultivation method for premature | |
| CN106888917A (en) | A kind of eary maturity of grape cultural method | |
| CN106888726A (en) | A kind of small-sized pumpkin cultivation method for premature | |
| CN106879412A (en) | A kind of lichee cultivation method for premature | |
| CN106888730A (en) | A kind of small-sized cucumber cultivation method | |
| CN106888884A (en) | A kind of persimmon cultural method | |
| CN108157054A (en) | The multi-source root system greenhouse breeding method of grape pot tree | |
| CN106888880A (en) | A kind of navel orange cultural method | |
| CN106879410A (en) | A kind of orange cultural method | |
| CN106888885A (en) | A kind of mulberries cultivation method for premature |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |