CN108849190B - Low-dry thin-planting high-quality high-yield cultivation method for fruit mulberry - Google Patents
Low-dry thin-planting high-quality high-yield cultivation method for fruit mulberry Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-dry thin-planting high-quality high-yield cultivation method for fruit mulberries. Selecting a planting area, and keeping the planting density at 200-250 plants/mu; cultivating the type: controlling the height of the trunk and the number of the fist; thinning, pruning, cutting tips, fertilizing, preventing and controlling diseases and pests and the like. By adopting the cultivation method provided by the invention, the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the orchard can be improved, and the problem of shielding for sealing and sealing the orchard for many years is solved, so that the yield increasing potential of the orchard is improved, and the fruit quality is improved; the number of plants is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the production cost is saved; in addition, the row spacing of the plants after the thin planting is increased, so that the application of modern machinery in a mulberry field is facilitated, and the mechanized utilization rate is improved, thereby reducing the labor intensity and improving the management effect. In other words, the present invention has the following outstanding advantages: firstly, stable and high yield of mulberry is realized through stable growth after thin planting; secondly, the mulberry quality is obviously improved; thirdly, labor and fertilizer are saved, and production cost is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a low-dry thin-planting high-quality high-yield cultivation method for fruit mulberry.
Background method
Mulberry planting, as a new industry isolated in the traditional silkworm industry, has been rapidly developed in the last century of the last century, in the last decade. The traditional mulberry planting is generally high-stem thin planting or medium-low stem close planting; the high-stem thin planting is not suitable for the large-scale and intensive development requirements of modern agriculture due to slow production and low yield, and is eliminated as a four-side mulberry planting mode in the last 80 th century. In recent years, with the rise of the mulberry industry, researchers have proposed a view to reducing planting density, but there is no supporting cultivation technology related to high quality and high yield of mulberry.
At present, the mulberry is mainly planted by medium-dry close planting, the density is generally 500-1000 plants/mu, and the conventional mulberry cultivation method of 'fine work plus excessive investment' has the following problems: firstly, the planting density is high, the number of plants is large, the amount of labor used, the amount of fertilizer applied, the amount of pesticide used and the like are increased, and the production cost is high; secondly, as the tree ages, the crown expands, the orchard is closed and shaded, the mulberry has poor luster, is easy to taste and mildew, and the mulberry has low commodity; thirdly, the medium-dry close planting of the cultivated plants has small row spacing, is not beneficial to mechanized operation and does not meet the requirements of modern agricultural development. Based on the method, the provision of a novel method for cultivating the mulberries in a low-dry thin planting manner, high quality and high yield manner is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a low-dry thin-planting high-quality high-yield cultivation method for fruit mulberry. The cultivation method provided by the invention can improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the orchard, and solve the problem of shielding the orchard for years, so that the yield increasing potential of the orchard is improved, and the fruit quality is improved; the number of plants is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the production cost is saved; in addition, the row spacing of the plants after the thin planting is increased, so that the application of modern machinery in a mulberry field is facilitated, and the mechanized utilization rate is improved, thereby reducing the labor intensity and improving the management effect. In other words, the present invention has the following outstanding advantages: firstly, stable and high yield of mulberry is realized through stable growth after thin planting; secondly, the mulberry quality is obviously improved; thirdly, labor and fertilizer are saved, and production cost is saved.
For this purpose, the invention provides the following process variant:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a low-dry thin planting cultivation method for fruit mulberry, which comprises the following steps: selecting a planting area: selecting a land with sufficient illumination and deep soil layer as a planting area; wherein the field water capacity of the soil is 70-80%, the pH value is 4.5-9, and the environmental temperature is 25-37 ℃; planting: planting the mulberry in a slow growth period or a dormancy period, and keeping the planting density at 200-250 plants/mu; cultivating the type: controlling the height of a trunk and the number of the fist, cultivating the tree into primary and secondary branches, wherein the trunk is 30-35cm in height, and 3-5 fist are provided; bud thinning: removing part of young shoots when the latent buds grow to 10-30 cm, and reserving 3-5 robust young shoots with vigorous growth and reasonable positions for growing each fist; pruning: leaving 3000-4000 branches per mu, and selecting and leaving branches which are robust, have complete and full mulberry buds and reasonably distributed branches as mother branches for fruiting next year; and (3) tip shearing: cutting tips in winter and spring; wherein, in winter, the branches are cut according to the thickness of the branches, the length of the branches is kept to be 120-150 cm, and the length of each mu of branches is 4000-5000 meters, and the branches are used as mother branches for fruiting next year so as to ensure the per mu yield of mulberries; and (3) when the mulberry is ripe in spring, cutting off the tender tips of the mulberry, and preferably cutting off 1-2 leaves at the top of the growing branches. Specifically, the low stem means that the height of the mulberry trunk is 30-35cm, and the thin planting means that the planting density is 200-250 plants/mu. In addition, the breeding is rapid and annual, and is far shorter than the conventional breeding for 2-3 years.
Preferably, the cultivation process also comprises fertilization treatment; fertilization frequency: 3-4 times per year; fertilizing time: comprises winter fertilizer, spring fertilizer and summer and autumn fertilizer; wherein the winter fertilizer is used from 12 months in the last year to 1 month in the next year; spring fertilizer is applied during the period of flower withering of mulberry; the fertilizer is applied for the first time when the young sprout grows to 10-30 cm after summer cutting, and is preferably applied once according to the growth vigor of the mulberry from the bottom of 7 months to the top of 8 months, in other words, the fertilizer can be applied or not applied from the bottom of 7 months to the top of 8 months according to the actual situation; fertilization types are as follows: the winter fertilizer mainly comprises organic fertilizer; the spring fertilizer and the summer and autumn fertilizer mainly comprise nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
Preferably, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the spring fertilizer is 1: 1: 1, improving the quality of mulberry; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the summer and autumn fertilizers is 20: 5: 4, promoting the growth of branches.
Preferably, the cultivation process also comprises pest control treatment; the prevention and treatment mainly comprises the prevention and treatment of mulberry sclerotinia and mulberry gall midge; wherein, the preventing and treating agent of the mulberry sclerotinia comprises biological agents and/or chemical agents, and is preferably matched with measures of black film coverage, winter ploughing and deep ploughing and mulberry removal; the prevention and treatment of the gall midge is to select a chemical agent for prevention and treatment for 2-3 times in the full-bloom stage of the mulberry, and preferably to match with yellow plate and sugar-vinegar liquid trapping measures.
Preferably, in the prevention and treatment of the gall midge, the chemical agent is imidacloprid and/or dimethoate.
Preferably, in the planting process: the planting time is 10 months in the last year to 2 months in the next year; the row spacing and the plant spacing of the mulberry production garden are controlled to be 2.0 mx (1.33-1.67) m, and the row spacing and the plant spacing of the mulberry picking garden are controlled to be (3.0+1.67+1.67+1.67) mx 1.0 m;
preferably, the fostering process specifically comprises the following operations: for newly-planted mulberry seedlings, cutting off the seedling stems 20cm away from the ground before mulberry buds germinate in early spring, and germinating the young shoots by utilizing fixed buds; when the plant height is 35-40 cm above the ground, if a new shoot meeting the conditions exists, cutting off the tip at a position 30-35cm above the ground, and cultivating into a first-level branch tree type; wherein, the shoots meeting the conditions mean that the shoots have 3-5 shoots, vigorous growth and reasonable position.
Preferably, if no new shoots meeting the conditions exist, shearing off unreasonable, weak and sick branches, reserving 2 robust branches in different directions, shearing off stems at a position of 20-25 cm, and culturing into a main stem and a first-level branch; after the primary branch mulberry buds germinate, reserving 2-3 branches with vigorous growth and reasonably distributed branches on the primary branch to grow, and removing the rest branches; when the plant height is 40-45 cm above the ground, selecting 3-5 robust branches with reasonable positions on the secondary branches, and shearing the branches at the position 30-35cm above the ground to form the tree type of the secondary branches.
In a second aspect, the mulberry obtained by the cultivation method of the present invention is used.
The method scheme provided by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the applicant finds out after creative experiments that: the cultivation method provided by the invention can improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the orchard, and solve the problem of shielding the orchard for years, so that the yield increasing potential of the orchard is improved, and the fruit quality is improved; the number of plants is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the production cost is saved; in addition, the row spacing of the plants after the thin planting is increased, so that the application of modern machinery in a mulberry field is facilitated, and the mechanized utilization rate is improved, thereby reducing the labor intensity and improving the management effect. In other words, the present invention has the following outstanding advantages: firstly, stable and high yield of mulberry is realized through stable growth after thin planting; secondly, the mulberry quality is obviously improved; thirdly, labor and fertilizer are saved, and production cost is saved.
(2) By adopting the cultivation method provided by the invention, the fruit mulberry has stable and high yield: the tree trunk is reduced, the three-dimensional space is fully utilized, the number of the bearing branches is stabilized, the length of the effective bearing branches is increased, and the stable and high yield of the mulberry is realized.
(3) By adopting the cultivation method provided by the invention, the mulberry harvested has good quality: the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the garden are improved by the low-dry thin planting and spring tip cutting technology, the mulberry is easy to pick, has good luster, is not easy to mildew and rot, and is not easy to deteriorate and change taste.
(4) By adopting the cultivation method provided by the invention, the production cost is saved: the number of plants is reduced, and firstly, the labor amount of corresponding farming activities (fertilization, cutting and the like) is reduced; secondly, the fertilizing amount and the dosage are reduced.
(5) By adopting the cultivation method provided by the invention, the mechanized utilization rate is improved: the number of plants is reduced, the row spacing of the plants is increased, the method is suitable for the operation of modern agricultural machines such as mini-tillers, mulberry twig crushers and the like in mulberry fields, and is a basic requirement of modern agriculture.
(6) By adopting the cultivation method provided by the invention, the garden is more ecological: firstly, the number of plants is reduced, the fertilizing amount and the dosage are obviously reduced, and the crown reduction control effect is better; secondly, when the mulberry is prevented and treated by 'one disease and one insect', the medicament is mainly selected from biological agents or pollution-free medicaments; thirdly, the soil is covered by a black film, so that the disease and insect prevention are realized, the growth of the weeds in the garden is effectively prevented, and the use of herbicides is avoided. Therefore, the garden is more ecological and the mulberry quality is better.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
Examples of the process variant of the invention will now be described in detail. The following examples are merely intended to illustrate the process variant of the invention more clearly and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention.
The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the following examples were purchased from a conventional reagent store unless otherwise specified. In the quantitative tests in the following examples, three replicates were set, and the data are the mean or the mean ± standard deviation of the three replicates.
The invention provides a mulberry cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
establishing an environment suitable for growth of the mulberry: selecting the soil with far pollution, sufficient illumination, deep soil layer, soil field water capacity of 70-80%, pH value of 4.5-9 and environment temperature of 25-37 ℃.
Planting: planting in slow growth period or dormancy period of mulberry, taking Chongqing as an example, generally planting mulberry from 10 months to 2 months in the next year, and preferably planting in slow growth period of mulberry in 10 months and 2 months, and having high survival rate; keeping the planting density at 200-250 plants/mu. The mulberry field is divided into a travel picking field and a production field, and the mulberry production field can adopt 2.0 mx (1.33-1.67) m for planting so as to adapt to the operation of modern agricultural machinery; the mulberry picking garden adopts wide and narrow rows (3.0+1.67+ 1.67) m multiplied by 1.0m for planting, so as to be convenient for tourists to pick.
And (3) cultivating fruit mulberry: the height of the whole tree trunk and the number of fist are controlled, and the tree trunk is short, the crown is compact, the shape is quickly maintained, but the main trunk and the first and second branches are not obvious in level; the tree type generally forms primary and secondary branches, the trunk height is 30-35cm, and the fist is 3-5. The specific method comprises the following steps: newly planting the grafted fruit mulberry seedlings, cutting off the seedling stems 20cm away from the ground before mulberry buds germinate in early spring, germinating young shoots by utilizing fixed buds, and cutting off the young shoots at the position 30-35cm away from the ground if 3-5 young shoots grow vigorously and are reasonable in position when the plant height reaches 35-40 cm away from the ground to form a primary branch tree type; otherwise, cutting off unreasonable positions, weak branches and insect-disease branches, reserving 2 robust branches in different directions, cutting off the branches at a position of 20-25 cm, and culturing into a main trunk and a first-level branch; and (3) after the mulberry buds of the first-level branches germinate, reserving 2-3 branches which are vigorous in growth and reasonably distributed on the first-level branches to grow, thinning the rest, when the plant height is 40-45 cm above the ground, selecting 3-5 robust branches with reasonable positions on the second-level branches, shearing the branches at the position 30-35cm above the ground, and cultivating into the tree type of the second-level branches. And (3) taking the new shoot after the primary branch or the secondary branch fixed bud germinates as a fruiting mother branch in the next year, and cutting the base of the branch at the plant height of 30-35cm in summer in the next year to form a fist. During the period of cultivating the seeds, the water and fertilizer supply is enhanced, and the fertilizer application is mainly performed by quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, so that the fertilizer is applied for a plurality of times. The breeding is rapid and annual, and is far shorter than the conventional breeding for 2-3 years.
Bud thinning: after summer cutting, when the latent buds grow to 10-30 cm, a part of new shoots are properly removed, and 3-5 robust new shoots with vigorous growth and reasonable positions are reserved for each fist.
Pruning: and part of mulberry varieties are easy to germinate and lateral branches, when the mulberries are pruned, the branches with robust branches, complete and full mulberry buds and reasonable branch and stem distribution are selected as bearing mother branches in the next year, and 3000-4000 branches are generally reserved in each mu.
And (3) tip shearing: including winter and spring cutting. And (3) pruning tips according to the thickness of branches in winter, wherein the length of the mulberry branches is generally 120-150 cm, and the length of each mu of branches is 4000-5000 meters as a mother branch for fruiting next year, so that the mu yield of the mulberries is ensured. When the mulberry is ripe in spring, cutting off tender tips, preferably cutting off 1-2 leaves at the top of growing branches. The tip growth is weakened when the tip is cut in spring, and the ventilated and light-permeable environment of the garden is improved; secondly, the nutrition transportation is changed, the fruit quality is improved, and the fruit period can be properly prolonged; thirdly, the picking is convenient.
In a further embodiment of the invention, a fertilization process is also included. Fertilizing times: applying fertilizers for 3-4 times in a year, namely a winter fertilizer, a spring fertilizer and a summer and autumn fertilizer. Fertilizing time: the winter fertilizer is generally 12 months in the last year to 1 month in the next year; the spring fertilizer is applied during the period of blossom-falling of the mulberry (about to enter the mulberry expanding period); the summer and autumn fertilizer is applied for the first time when the young shoots grow to 10-30 cm after summer cutting, and can be applied for one time or not according to the growth vigor of the mulberry in late 7 months and last 8 months. Fertilization types are as follows: the mulberry fertilization winter fertilizer mainly comprises organic fertilizer; the spring fertilizer and the summer and autumn fertilizer mainly adopt quick-acting nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer, and the spring fertilizer mainly improves the quality of the mulberry; the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio N: p2O5：K2O is 1: 1: 1; the fertilization in summer and autumn mainly takes branch growth as the main part, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is N: p2O5：K2O＝20：5：4。
In a further embodiment of the invention, pest control is also included. Mainly preventing and controlling mulberry 'one disease and one insect'; "one disease": the prevention and treatment medicament for the mulberry sclerotinia is mainly a biological agent and is assisted by a chemical agent, and meanwhile, the comprehensive prevention and treatment is carried out by combining agricultural prevention and treatment measures such as black film coverage, deep ploughing in winter, removal of mulberry and the like; "one worm": the mulberry gall midge is controlled by selecting non-pollution chemical agents such as imidacloprid, dimethoate and the like for 2-3 times in the full-bloom stage of mulberry, and is controlled by combining measures such as yellow plate, sugar-vinegar liquid trapping and the like.
The following description is made with reference to specific embodiments:
example one
In 2016, a new mulberry grafted seedling is planted in a mulberry field of Ganningji ground of agriculture academy of sciences of Sanxia, Chongqing, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
before planting, enough base fertilizer is applied, and organic fertilizer is mainly used. The planting is carried out by adopting the planting with the row spacing multiplied by the plant spacing of 2.0m multiplied by 1.67m and the planting density of 200 plants/mu. Cutting off the seedling trunk 20cm above the ground in the last 2 months, germinating young shoots by using fixed buds, and selecting 3-5 young shoots which grow vigorously and are reasonable in position to be cut off at the positions of 30-35cm when the plant height is 35-40 cm above the ground in the middle 4 months to form a first-level branch tree type; otherwise, cutting off unreasonable positions, weak branches and insect-disease branches, reserving 2 robust branches in different directions, cutting off stems at the position of 20-25 cm, and culturing into a main stem and a first-level branch; and after the mulberry buds of the first-grade branches germinate, reserving 2-3 branches which are vigorous in growth and reasonably distributed on the first-grade branches to grow, thinning the rest, selecting 3-5 robust branches with reasonable positions on the second-grade branches in the last ten days of 6 months, and shearing the branches at the position 30-35cm away from the ground to form the tree type of the second-grade branches. After the primary branch or the secondary branch tree is sprouted, only one bud at the top end is left to grow, and the rest are removed.
And in late 5 th month or early 6 th month of 2017, cutting the base part of the branch at a position 30-35cm away from the ground to form a fist. Applying fertilizer for 3 times during the period of cultivation, applying fertilizer after germination of mulberry buds in the first 3-month last ten days, and applying fertilizer in time after trimming mulberry trees in the second and third combined cultivation in the middle 4-month and the last 6-month last ten days respectively, wherein the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used.
In 2017, in 1 month, a micro-cultivator is adopted for ploughing, organic fertilizer is applied after ploughing, and a black film is covered. In the period of 3 months, biological agents, low-toxicity and low-residue bactericides and insecticides are selected to prevent and treat the mulberry sclerotinia rot and the mulberry gall midge in the mulberry florescence. Applying fertilizer once in the late middle 3 month in the late half of the month, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio is N: p2O5：K2O is 1: 1: 1. when the mulberry is ripe in the middle ten days of 4 monthsCutting off 1-2 tender tips of leaves at the top of a growing branch, cutting off the young tips in the last 5 months after picking of mulberries, fertilizing when the young tips grow to 10-30 cm in the middle and last 6 months, and mixing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to a ratio N: p2O5：K2O20: 5: 4. and (3) thinning out buds after fertilization, and keeping 3-5 robust young shoots which are vigorous and reasonable in position to grow for each fist. And (3) topdressing once fertilizer at the end of 7 months according to the growth vigor of the mulberry, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is N: p2O5：K2O20: 5: 4. pruning in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, selecting and reserving branches which are robust, have complete and full mulberry buds and reasonably distributed branches as mother branches for fruiting in the next year, and reserving 3000-4000 branches per mu. And (3) cutting tips in ten days of 12 months, and controlling the length of each mu of branches to be 4000-5000 meters as a bearing mother branch in the next year according to the thickness of the branches and the length of the remained mulberry branches of 120-150 cm. In the middle and late 12 months, the garden is cleared, and dead branches, mulberry leaves, weeds and the like are mainly cleared.
Example two
The cultivation method of this example is basically the same as that of the first example, but the row spacing x the plant spacing is 2.0m x 1.33m, and the planting density is 250 plants/mu.
Comparative example 1
The mulberry is cultivated by adopting a conventional cultivation method in the comparative example; wherein the cultivation density is 1.67m multiplied by 1.00m, the planting density is 400 plants/mu, the trunk height is 90-120 cm, and the length of a single branch is 80-90 cm.
Comparative example No. two
The mulberry is cultivated by adopting a conventional cultivation method in the comparative example; wherein the cultivation density is 1.33m multiplied by 0.83m, the planting density is 600 plants/mu, the trunk height is 90-120 cm, and the length of a single branch is 80-90 cm.
In addition, in order to further highlight the advantages of the low-dry thin planting cultivation method of the present invention, the applicant conducted investigations on yield, quality, amount of labor and the like of morous alba in 2018 for each example and comparative example, and the specific data are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 questionnaire of yield and quality of low-stem thin planting and conventional cultivation of mulberries of the present invention
TABLE 2 difference between the amount of work and fertilizer applied in low-dry thin planting and conventional cultivation of major farming activities throughout the year
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2: the yield of the mulberry is not obviously different from that of the conventional cultivation in the aspect of low-dry thin planting, and the acre yield of the low-dry thin planting is slightly higher than that of the conventional cultivation; the quality of the mulberry is obviously higher than that of the conventional cultivation. The low-stem thin planting has wider row spacing and shorter stem, is suitable for the operation of the modern mini-tiller, and only one item of the farming can save 35.5d/hm of labor2The number of the low-dry thin plants is reduced, the labor for trimming and fertilizing the mulberry is saved by more than 50 percent compared with the conventional cultivation, and the fertilizing amount is reduced by more than 35 percent. In addition, the breeding is rapid and annual, and is far shorter than the conventional breeding for 2-3 years.
Of course, other conditions and parameters of the planting process are possible in addition to those recited in examples one and two.
The cultivation method provided by the invention can improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the orchard, and solve the problem of shielding the orchard for years, so that the yield increasing potential of the orchard is improved, and the fruit quality is improved; the number of plants is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the production cost is saved; and the row spacing of the plants after the thin planting is increased, so that the application of modern machinery in the mulberry field is facilitated, and the mechanized utilization rate is improved, thereby lightening the labor intensity and improving the management effect. In other words, the present invention has the following outstanding advantages: firstly, stable and high yield of mulberry is realized through stable growth after thin planting; secondly, the mulberry quality is obviously improved; thirdly, labor and fertilizer are saved, and production cost is saved.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by persons skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations of the above embodiments may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A mulberry cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a planting area: selecting a land with sufficient illumination and deep soil layer as a planting area; wherein the field water holding capacity of the soil is 70-80%, the pH value is 4.5-9.0, and the environmental temperature is 25-37 ℃;
planting: planting in a slow growth period or a dormancy period of the mulberry, and keeping the planting density at 200-250 plants/mu;
cultivating the type: controlling the height of a trunk and the number of the fist, cultivating the tree into primary and secondary branches, wherein the trunk is 30-35cm in height, and 3-5 fist are provided;
bud thinning: removing part of young shoots when the latent buds grow to 10-30 cm, and reserving 3-5 robust young shoots with vigorous growth and reasonable positions for growing each fist;
pruning: leaving 3000-4000 branches per mu, and selecting and leaving branches which are robust, have complete and full mulberry buds and reasonably distributed branches as mother branches for fruiting next year;
and (3) tip shearing: cutting tips in winter and spring; wherein, in winter, tips are cut according to the thickness of branches, the length of each branch is kept to be 120-150 cm, and the length of each mu of branch is 4000-5000 meters, and the branch is used as a mother branch for next year fruiting; when the mulberry is ripe in spring, cutting off young tips, and cutting off 1-2 leaves at the top of growing branches;
the planting process comprises the following steps:
the planting time is 10 months in the last year to 2 months in the next year; the row spacing and the plant spacing of the mulberry production garden are controlled to be 2.0 mx (1.33-1.67) m, and the row spacing and the plant spacing of the mulberry picking garden are controlled to be (3.0+1.67+1.67+1.67) mx 1.0 m;
also comprises fertilization treatment;
fertilization frequency: 3-4 times per year;
fertilizing time: comprises winter fertilizer, spring fertilizer and summer and autumn fertilizer; wherein the winter fertilizer is used from 12 months in the last year to 1 month in the next year; spring fertilizer is applied during the period of flower withering of mulberry; applying the fertilizer for the first time when the young shoots grow to 10-30 cm after summer cutting, and applying the fertilizer once according to the growth vigor of the mulberry from the bottom of 7 months to the last ten days of 8 months;
fertilization types are as follows: the winter fertilizer mainly comprises organic fertilizer; the spring fertilizer and the summer and autumn fertilizer mainly comprise nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;
the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the spring fertilizer is 1: 1: 1; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the summer and autumn fertilizer is 20: 5: 4;
the method specifically comprises the following operations in the breeding process:
for newly-planted mulberry seedlings, cutting off the seedling stems 20cm away from the ground before mulberry buds germinate in early spring, and germinating the young shoots by utilizing fixed buds; when the plant height is 35-40 cm above the ground, if a new shoot meeting the conditions exists, cutting off the tip at a position 30-35cm above the ground, and cultivating into a first-level branch tree type;
wherein, the shoots meeting the conditions mean that 3-5 shoots grow vigorously and are reasonable in position;
if no new shoots meeting the conditions exist, shearing off unreasonable, weak and sick branches, reserving 2 robust branches in different directions, shearing off fixed branches at a position of 20-25 cm, and culturing into a main branch and a first-level branch; after the primary branch mulberry buds germinate, reserving 2-3 branches with vigorous growth and reasonably distributed branches on the primary branch to grow, and removing the rest branches; when the plant height is 40-45 cm above the ground, selecting 3-5 robust branches with reasonable positions on the secondary branches, and shearing the branches at the position 30-35cm above the ground to form the tree shape of the secondary branches; the height of the trunk is controlled to be 30-35cm, and each fist is 3-5, and the low-stem tree is cultivated.
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