CN108849190A - The low dry thin planting cultivating superior high-yield method of fruit mulberry - Google Patents
The low dry thin planting cultivating superior high-yield method of fruit mulberry Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the low dry thin planting cultivating superior high-yield methods of a seed pod mulberry.Including selecting planting area, keeping planting density to be 200~250 plants/acre；The type of supporting：Control trunk height and fist number；Bud thinning, pruning, top clipping, fertilising, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.Using cultural method provided by the invention, garden ventilation and penetrating light condition can not only be improved, covering of solving the problems, such as that the Feng Hangmi of puzzled orchard many years covers is harmful, to improve orchard yield potential, promotes fruit quality；And strain number is reduced, and production cost reduces, and is conducive to save production cost；In addition, seeding row spacing increases after thin planting, convenient for application of the modern mechanical in the area of fruit mulberry field, mechanization utilization rate is improved, to reduce labor intensity, improves management effect.In other words, the present invention has following outstanding advantages：The stable and high yields of mulberry fruit yield is realized first is that increasing after thin planting by steady item；Second is that significantly improving mulberry fruit quality；Third is that saving of labor, province's fertilizer, save production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to the low dry thin planting cultivating superior high-yield method of a seed pod mulberry.
Background method
The plantation of fruit mulberry starts from beginning of this century last century Mo, closely as the novel industry isolated in traditional sericulture industry
It is rapidly developed over 10 years.The plant of traditional mulberry tree be usually high level cadre's thin planting or in low dry dense planting；Wherein, high level cadre's thin planting is due to throwing
It produces slow, low output and has been not suitable with modern agriculture scale, intensivization development requirement, transplanted as the four side mulberry eighties in last century
Mode has been eliminated.In recent years, with the rise of fruit mulberry industry, there is scholar to propose to reduce planting density viewpoint, but there is no phase
Close the corresponding cultivation techniques of fruit mulberry good quality and high output.
Currently, dry planting culture in the main use of fruit mulberry plantation, density is usually 500~1000 plants/acre, this " Seiko
The conventional following problem of mulberry cultivation method of spy+excessive investment "：First is that planting density is big, strain number is more, the increase amount of labour used,
Dose, dosage etc., high production cost；Second is that tree crown expands as the age of tree increases, orchard envelope row is caused to cover, mulberry fruit light
Pool is poor, easily spoiled, easily goes rotten, mulberry fruit commodity is low；Dry planting culture strain, line-spacing are smaller in third is that, are unfavorable for do mechanization operation,
The requirement of modern agricultural development is not met.Based on this, it is outstanding to provide a kind of novel low dry thin planting cultivating superior high-yield method of fruit mulberry
It is important.
Summary of the invention
For the defects of existing method, the present invention is intended to provide the low dry thin planting cultivating superior high-yield method of a seed pod mulberry.
Cultural method provided by the invention can not only improve garden ventilation and penetrating light condition, and the Feng Hangmi for solving puzzled orchard many years covers
Cover harmful problem, to improve orchard yield potential, promote fruit quality；And strain number is reduced, and production cost reduces, and is conducive to
Save production cost；In addition, seeding row spacing increases after thin planting, convenient for application of the modern mechanical in the area of fruit mulberry field, mechanization is improved
Utilization rate improves management effect to reduce labor intensity.In other words, the present invention has following outstanding advantages：First is that thin planting
Increased afterwards by steady item and realizes the stable and high yields of mulberry fruit yield；Second is that significantly improving mulberry fruit quality；Third is that saving of labor, province's fertilizer, save life
Produce cost.
For this purpose, the present invention provides following method scheme：
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a seed pod mulberry low dry Lower Density Cultivation Method method, include the following steps：Select growing area
Domain：Select the soil that illumination is sufficient, soil layer is deep as planting area；Wherein, water-retaining quantity among field of soil is 70~80%, pH value
It is 4.5~9, environment temperature is 25~37 DEG C；Plant：It is transplanted in mulberry tree slow growth period or dormant period, and keeps plant
Density is 200~250 plants/acre；The type of supporting：Trunk height and fist number are controlled, tree-shaped is formed into I and II limb, and trunk is high
Spending is 30~35cm, 3~5, fist；Bud thinning：When resting bud sprout it is long to 10~30cm when, remove part young sprout, every fist retains
3~5 growing ways are prosperous, reasonably healthy and strong young sprout is grown for position；It prunes：Stay 3000~4000, branch per acre, and select and remain branch it is healthy and strong,
The branch that mulberry bud is intact full and limb is reasonably distributed is as next year bearing basal shoot；Top clipping：Including winter and spring top clipping；Its
In, winter cuts slightly according to branch thickness, retains the long 120~150cm of item, the long 4000~5000m of branch, is tied as next year per acre
Fruit mother's branch, to guarantee mulberry fruit per mu yield；Spring when mulberry fruit sees ripe, cuts off young tender tip point, and preferably cut off growth branch top 1~
2 leaves.Specifically, it is low it is dry refer to fruit mulberry trunk height be 30~35cm, thin planting refer to planting density be 200~250 plants/acre.This
Outside, the present invention supports type and is fast cultural type and is to form a type in, 2~3 years needed for significantly shorter than conventional feeding type.
It preferably, further include fertilizer treatment in cultivation；Effects of Fertilization Frequency：Annual 3~4 times；Fertilization time：Including the winter
Fertilizer, spring fertilizer and summer and autumn fertilizer；Wherein, winter top dressing is in January December last year to next year；Spring fertilizer was thanked in mulberry fruit between the florescence；Summer and autumn fertilizer is cut down in the summer
Afterwards young sprout it is long to 10~30cm when apply fertilizer for the first time, and preferably imposed once, changed according to mulberry tree growing way to early August by the end of July
Sentence is talked about, and can apply according to the actual situation to early August can not apply by the end of July；Fertilization type：Winter top dressing mainly includes organic fertilizer；Spring fertilizer
It mainly include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer with summer and autumn fertilizer.
Preferably, the nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio of spring fertilizer is 1：1：1, to improve mulberry fruit quality；The nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio of summer and autumn fertilizer is
20：5：4, to promote shoot growth.
It preferably, further include prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control processing in cultivation；Prevention technology mainly includes prevention and treatment diseases of mulberry fruits
With mulberry cecidomyiia；Wherein, the pesticide control of diseases of mulberry fruits includes biological agent and/or chemical agent, and preferred cooperation black film covers
Disease mulberry measure is ploughed deeply and is removed in lid, winter ploughing；The prevention and treatment of mulberry cecidomyiia be mulberry fruit full-bloom stage select Agro-chemicals control 2~3 times, and
It is preferred that yellow plate, sugar-vinegar liquid is cooperated to trap measure.
Preferably, in the prevention and treatment of mulberry cecidomyiia, chemical agent selects imidacloprid and/or Rogor.
Preferably, during plant：Transplanting the time is October last year to next year 2 months；And line-spacing × the strain in fruit mulberry production garden
It is 2.0m × (1.33~1.67) m away from control, line-spacing × spacing in the rows control that fruit mulberry picks garden is (3.0+1.67+1.67+1.67) m
×1.0m；
Preferably, during supporting type, following operation is specifically included：For newly planting grafting fruit mulberry sapling, before early spring mulberry bud is sprouted
Seedling stem is cut off at liftoff 20cm, sprouts young sprout using normal bud；When plant height it is long to liftoff 35~40cm when, it is qualified if it exists
Young sprout then breaks slightly at liftoff 30~35cm, forms level-one limb tree-shaped；Wherein, qualified young sprout refer to young sprout have 3~
5 and growing way is prosperous, position is reasonable.
Preferably, if without qualified young sprout, unreasonable position, thin and delicate branch, sick branch is cut off, different directions are left and taken
2 healthy and strong branches, at 20~25cm under cut and do surely, form trunk and level-one limb；After the sprouting of level-one limb mulberry bud, stay
2~3 shoot growths that the upper growing way of level-one limb is prosperous, branch is reasonably distributed are taken, co-meager is gone；As the liftoff 40~45cm of plant height
When, choose healthy and strong, reasonable 3~5 branches in position in second level limb, at the liftoff 30~35cm of plant height under cut and do surely, form
Second level limb tree-shaped.
Second aspect, the mulberry fruit obtained using the method for the present invention cultural method.
Above method scheme provided by the invention has the following advantages that：
(1) applicant has found after creative experiments：It is logical can not only to improve garden for cultural method provided by the invention
Wind light transmission condition, covering of solving the problems, such as that the Feng Hangmi of puzzled orchard many years covers is harmful, to improve orchard yield potential, promotes fruit
Quality；And strain number is reduced, and production cost reduces, and is conducive to save production cost；In addition, seeding row spacing increases after thin planting, it is convenient for
Application of the modern mechanical in the area of fruit mulberry field improves mechanization utilization rate, to reduce labor intensity, improves management effect.It changes
Sentence is talked about, and the present invention has following outstanding advantages：The stable and high yields of mulberry fruit yield is realized first is that increasing after thin planting by steady item；Two
It is to significantly improve mulberry fruit quality；Third is that saving of labor, province's fertilizer, save production cost.
(2) cultural method provided by the invention, fruit mulberry stable and high yields are used：By reducing trunk, three-dimensional sky is made full use of
Between, by stabilization result branch number, it is long to increase effective result branch, realizes the stable and high yields of fruit mulberry.
(3) cultural method provided by the invention is used, the mulberry fruit quality harvested is good：It is cut by low dry thin planting and spring
Tip technology improves garden ventilation and penetrating light condition, easily picks, and mulberry fruit good luster is not easy to go rotten, is unlikely to deteriorate, is spoiled.
(4) cultural method provided by the invention is used, production cost is saved：Strain number is reduced, first is that corresponding farming activities
(apply fertilizer, cut and the cut down) amount of labour used is reduced；Second is that dose, dosage are reduced.
(5) cultural method provided by the invention is used, mechanization utilization rate improves：Strain number is reduced, and seeding row spacing increases, and is adapted to
The agricultural machinery such as modern mini-tiller, mulberry twig disintegrator are the basic demands of modern agriculture in mulberry field operation.
(6) cultural method provided by the invention is used, garden is more ecological：First is that strain number is reduced, dose, dosage are obvious
It reduces, it is more preferable that tree crown reduces preventive effect；Second is that medicament selection is when preventing and treating fruit mulberry " a sick worm " with biological agent or nuisance-free medical
Based on agent；Third is that soil uses black plastic mulching, not only diseases prevention but also insect prevention, while effectively preventing garden weed growth is avoided using removing
Careless agent.Therefore, garden is more ecological, mulberry fruit better quality.
Additional aspect and advantage of the invention will be set forth in part in the description, and will partially become from the following description
Obviously, or practice through the invention is recognized.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the method for the present invention scheme will be described in detail below.Following embodiment is only used for clearer
Illustrate method scheme of the invention, therefore be only used as example, and not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
Experimental method in following embodiments is unless otherwise specified conventional method.Examination as used in the following examples
Material is tested, is to be commercially available from conventional reagent shop unless otherwise specified.Quantitative test in following embodiment, is all provided with
Three repeated experiments are set, data are the average value or mean+SD of three repeated experiments.
The present invention provides a seed pod mulberry cultural method, includes the following steps：
Establish the environment for being suitble to the growth of fruit mulberry：The separate pollution of selection, illumination is sufficient, soil layer is deep, water-retaining quantity among field of soil
70~80%, pH value 4.5~9,25~37 DEG C of environment temperature.
Plant：It is transplanted in mulberry tree slow growth period or dormant period, by taking Chongqing as an example, generally at October last year to next year 2 months
Mulberry is planted, and preferably October and 2 months is in the slow growth period plant of mulberry tree, high survival rate；Keep planting density be 200~250 plants/
Mu.Fruit mulberry field is divided into tourism picking garden and production garden, and 2.0m × (1.33~1.67) m plant can be used in fruit mulberry production garden, with suitable
Answer modern agricultural machinery operation；Fruit mulberry is picked garden and is transplanted using wide-and narrow-row (3.0+1.67+1.67+1.67) m × 1.0m, in order to tourist
Picking.
Fruit mulberry supports type：The dry height of whole tree and fist number are controlled, feature is that trunk is short, tree crown is compact, it is fast but main to support type
It is dry, a second level limb level is unobvious；Tree-shaped generally forms I and II limb, and trunk height is 30~35cm, fist 3~5
It is a.Specific method：New to plant grafting fruit mulberry sapling, liftoff 20cm cuts off seedling stem before early spring mulberry bud is sprouted, and sprouts young sprout using normal bud, when
Plant height it is long to liftoff 35~40cm when, if young sprout has 3~5 and growing way is prosperous, position can rationally break at liftoff 30~35cm
Slightly, level-one limb tree-shaped is formed；Otherwise unreasonable position, thin and delicate branch, sick branch are cut off, 2 healthy and strong branches of different directions are left and taken
Item, at 20~25cm under cut and do surely, form trunk and level-one limb；After the sprouting of level-one limb mulberry bud, level-one limb is left and taken
2~3 shoot growths that upper growing way is prosperous, branch is reasonably distributed, co-meager are gone, as the liftoff 40~45cm of plant height, in second level branch
Dry separation takes healthy and strong, reasonable 3~5 branches in position, at the liftoff 30~35cm of plant height under cut and do surely, form second level limb tree
Type.After level-one limb or the sprouting of second level limb normal bud is newly slightly the bearing basal shoot of next year, and next year is at 30~35cm of plant height
The branch base portion summer, shape was at fist.Reinforce liquid manure supply during the type of supporting, applies fertilizer based on quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer, accomplish that Shaoshi is multiple.This
Inventing the type of supporting is fast cultural type and is to form a type in, 2~3 years needed for significantly shorter than conventional feeding type.
Bud thinning：After summer is cut down, when resting bud sprout it is long to 10~30cm when, suitably remove a part of young sprout, every fist retains 3~
5 growing ways are prosperous, reasonably healthy and strong young sprout is grown for position.
It prunes：Part fruit mulberry races easily sprouts side shoot, and fruit mulberry should be noted that when trimming selects and remain that branch is healthy and strong, mulberry bud is intact full
The branch that full, limb is reasonably distributed generally stays 3000~4000, branch as next year bearing basal shoot per acre.
Top clipping：Including winter and spring top clipping.Winter cuts slightly according to branch thickness, general ramulus mori stay item it is long by 120~
150cm, the long 4000~5000m of branch guarantees mulberry fruit per mu yield as next year bearing basal shoot per acre.Spring when mulberry fruit sees ripe,
Tender tip point is cut off, is advisable with cutting off growth 1~2 leaf of branch top.It is slightly to weaken apical growth that spring, which cuts, and it is logical to improve garden
Wind light transmission environment；Second is that changing nutrition transport, fruiting period can be appropriately extended simultaneously by improving fruit matter；Three are easy for picking.
It further include fertilizer treatment in further embodiment of the invention.Fertilizer application frequency：3~4 fertilizer are applied within 1 year altogether,
It is winter top dressing, spring fertilizer, summer and autumn fertilizer respectively.Fertilization time：Winter top dressing is generally in January December last year to next year；Spring fertilizer thanks to the florescence in mulberry fruit
Between (will enter mulberry fruit expanding stage) apply fertilizer；Summer and autumn fertilizer be cut down in the summer rear young sprout it is long to 10~30cm when apply fertilizer for the first time, by the end of July 8
The first tenday period of a month moon can impose disposable fertilizer according to mulberry tree growing way or not apply.Fertilization type：Mulberry Fertilization winter top dressing is mainly based on organic fertilizer；Spring fertilizer and
Summer and autumn fertilizer is based on quick action fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and spring fertilizer is mainly to improve based on mulberry fruit quality；Nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio N：P2O5：K2O
=1：1：1；Summer and autumn are applied fertilizer mainly based on shoot growth, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio N：P2O5：K2O=20：5：4.
It further include the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in further embodiment of the invention.Main prevention and treatment mulberry fruit " a sick worm "；
" disease "：Diseases of mulberry fruits, pesticide control are deep in combination with black plastic mulching, winter ploughing based on biological agent, supplemented by chemical agent
It turns over, remove the cultural controls measures such as sick mulberry and carry out integrated control；" worm "：Mulberry cecidomyiia selects imidacloprid, pleasure in mulberry fruit full-bloom stage
The nuisanceless Agro-chemicals control such as fruit 2~3 times prevents and treats mulberry cecidomyiia in combination with measures such as yellow plate, sugar-vinegar liquid trappings.
It is illustrated With reference to embodiment：
Embodiment one
In January, 2016, planting fruit mulberry grafting, specifically includes in the sweet peaceful base fruit mulberry field of Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Following steps：
Base fertilizer is used sufficient before plant, mainly based on organic fertilizer.Use line-spacing × spacing in the rows for 2.0m × 1.67m plant, planting density
200 plants/acre.Early Febuary is liftoff, and 20cm cuts off seedling stem, sprouts young sprout using normal bud, works as plant height liftoff 35~40cm mid-April
When, 3~5 growing ways of selection are prosperous, the reasonable young sprout in position breaks slightly at 30~35cm, form level-one limb tree-shaped；Otherwise it cuts off
Position is unreasonable, thin and delicate branch, sick branch, leaves and takes 2 healthy and strong branches of different directions, at 20~25cm under cut and do surely, form
Trunk and level-one limb；After the sprouting of level-one limb mulberry bud, the upper growing way of level-one limb is prosperous, branch is reasonably distributed 2~3 are left and taken
Shoot growth, co-meager are gone, and early June chooses healthy and strong, reasonable 3~5 branches in position in second level limb, in plant height liftoff 30
It cuts under at~35cm and does surely, form second level limb tree-shaped.After level-one limb or second level limb tree-shaped normal bud sprout, top one is only stayed
Bud growth, remaining is erased.
In late May, 2017 or early June at the liftoff 30~35cm of plant branch base portion summer shape at fist.During the type of supporting
3 fertilizer are applied altogether, and first time early March mulberry bud is applied fertilizer after sprouting, and for the second time and third time combines the type of supporting respectively in mid-April and 6
Application in time after moon the first tenday period of a month mulberry tree trimming, based on quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer.
It in January, 2017, is ploughed using mini-tiller, organic fertilizer after ploughing covers black film.March selects at the mulberry fruit florescence and gives birth to
The fungicide and insecticide control diseases of mulberry fruits of object preparation and low toxicity and low residue and mulberry cecidomyiia.Mid or late March thanks to flower in mulberry fruit
Phase applies disposable fertilizer, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio N：P2O5：K2O=1：1：1.When April, early and middle ten days mulberry fruit saw ripe, cut off 1~2 at the top of growth branch
Piece leaf tender tip, summer late May is cut down after mulberry fruit is picked, mid or late June young sprout it is long to 10~30cm when apply fertilizer, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio
N：P2O5：K2O=20：5：4.Bud thinning after fertilising, 3~5 growing ways of every fist reservation are prosperous, reasonably healthy and strong young sprout is grown for position.July
Bottom imposes disposable fertilizer, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio N according to mulberry tree growing way：P2O5：K2O=20：5：4.Mid or late October prunes, and selects and remain branch
For the branch that healthy and strong, the intact full, limb of mulberry bud is reasonably distributed as next year bearing basal shoot, mu stays 3000~4000, branch.December
The first tenday period of a month cut slightly, stay the long 120~150cm of item, the control long 4000~5000m conduct of branch per acre according to the general ramulus mori of branch thickness
Next year bearing basal shoot.Deadwood, mulberry leaf, weeds etc. are mainly removed in mid or late December clear garden.
Embodiment two
The cultural method of the present embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, but line-spacing × spacing in the rows is 2.0m × 1.33m, is transplanted close
250 plants/acre of degree.
Comparative example one
This comparative example carries out the cultivation of fruit mulberry using conventional cultivation method；Wherein, planting density is 1.67m × 1.00m, plant
400 plants/acre of density, trunk height is 90~120cm, the long 80~90cm of single branch.
Comparative example two
This comparative example carries out the cultivation of fruit mulberry using conventional cultivation method；Wherein, planting density is 1.33m × 0.83m, plant
600 plants/acre of density, trunk height is 90~120cm, the long 80~90cm of single branch.
In addition, in order to further highlight the advantage of the low dry Lower Density Cultivation Method method of the present invention, for each embodiment and comparative example,
Applicant investigates in development mulberry fruit yield in 2018, quality and amount of labour used etc., and specific data are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
The low dry thin planting of 1 present invention of table and conventional cultivation sorosis yield and quality application form
Table 2 annual main the farming activities amount of labour used and dose difference in low dry thin planting and conventional cultivation
By Tables 1 and 2 it can be seen that：Low dry thin planting and conventional cultivation in terms of mulberry fruit yield without notable difference, it is low
Dry thin planting per mu yield is slightly above conventional cultivation；And the low dry thin planting of mulberry fruit quality is apparently higher than conventional cultivation.Low dry thin planting has wider
Seeding row spacing, strain is dry shorter, is adapted with the operation of modern mini-tiller, only this farming one can save recruitment 35.5d/hm2, low dry
Thin planting strain number, which is reduced, saves 50% or more than conventional cultivation in mulberry tree trimming, fertilising recruitment, and dose reduces 35% or more.This
Outside, the present invention supports type and is fast cultural type and is to form a type in, 2~3 years needed for significantly shorter than conventional feeding type.
Certainly, the case where being enumerated in addition to embodiment one and embodiment two, other conditions and parameter in planting process etc.
It is possible.
Cultural method provided by the invention can not only improve garden ventilation and penetrating light condition, solve puzzled orchard many years
What Feng Hangmi covered covers harmful problem, to improve orchard yield potential, promotes fruit quality；And strain number is reduced, production cost drop
It is low, be conducive to save production cost；And seeding row spacing increases after thin planting, convenient for application of the modern mechanical in the area of fruit mulberry field, improves
Mechanization utilization rate improves management effect to reduce labor intensity.In other words, the present invention has following outstanding advantages：One
It is to increase after thin planting to realize the stable and high yields of mulberry fruit yield by steady item；Second is that significantly improving mulberry fruit quality；Third is that saving of labor, province's fertilizer,
Save production cost.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not
It must be directed to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be in office
It can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiment or examples.In addition, without conflicting with each other, the side of this field
Method personnel can tie the feature of different embodiments or examples described in this specification and different embodiments or examples
It closes and combines.
Although the embodiments of the present invention has been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is example
Property, it is not considered as limiting the invention, the commonsense method personnel of this field within the scope of the invention can be to above-mentioned
Embodiment is changed, modifies, replacement and variant.
Claims (9)
1. a seed pod mulberry cultural method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Select planting area：Select the soil that illumination is sufficient, soil layer is deep as planting area；Wherein, water-retaining quantity among field of soil
It is 4.5~9.0 for 70~80%, pH value, environment temperature is 25~37 DEG C；
Plant：It is transplanted in mulberry tree slow growth period or dormant period, keeping planting density is 200~250 plants/acre；
The type of supporting：Trunk height and fist number are controlled, tree-shaped is formed into I and II limb, and trunk height is 30~35cm, fist
3~5；
Bud thinning：When resting bud sprout it is long to 10~30cm when, remove part young sprout, every fist retains that 3~5 growing ways are prosperous, position is closed
The healthy and strong young sprout of reason is grown；
It prunes：3000~4000, branch are stayed per acre, and select and remain the branch that branch is healthy and strong, mulberry bud is intact full and limb is reasonably distributed
Item is as next year bearing basal shoot；
Top clipping：Including winter and spring top clipping；Wherein, winter cuts slightly according to branch thickness, retains the long 120~150cm of item, per acre
Branch grows 4000~5000m, as next year bearing basal shoot；Spring cuts off young tender tip point when mulberry fruit sees ripe, and preferably cuts off
Grow 1~2 leaf of branch top.
2. fruit mulberry cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include fertilizer treatment；
Effects of Fertilization Frequency：Annual 3~4 times；
Fertilization time：Including winter top dressing, spring fertilizer and summer and autumn fertilizer；Wherein, winter top dressing is in January December last year to next year；Spring fertilizer is thanked in mulberry fruit
Between florescence；Summer and autumn fertilizer young sprout after the summer is cut down it is long to 10~30cm when apply fertilizer for the first time, and preferably by the end of July to early August according to
Mulberry tree growing way imposes once；
Fertilization type：Winter top dressing mainly includes organic fertilizer；Spring fertilizer and summer and autumn fertilizer mainly include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
3. fruit mulberry cultural method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
The nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio of the spring fertilizer is 1：1：1；The nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio of the summer and autumn fertilizer is 20：5：4.
4. fruit mulberry cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control processing；
The Prevention technology mainly includes prevention and treatment diseases of mulberry fruits and mulberry cecidomyiia；Wherein, the pesticide control of the diseases of mulberry fruits
Black plastic mulching, winter ploughing is cooperated to plough deeply and remove disease mulberry measure including biological agent and/or chemical agent, and preferably；The mulberry goitre
The prevention and treatment of mosquito is to select Agro-chemicals control 2~3 times in mulberry fruit full-bloom stage, and the yellow plate of preferred cooperation, sugar-vinegar liquid trap measure.
5. fruit mulberry cultural method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：
In the prevention and treatment of the mulberry cecidomyiia, chemical agent selects imidacloprid and/or Rogor.
6. fruit mulberry cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
During the plant：
Transplanting the time is October last year to next year 2 months；And fruit mulberry production garden line-spacing × spacing in the rows control be 2.0m × (1.33~
1.67) m, line-spacing × spacing in the rows control that fruit mulberry picks garden is (3.0+1.67+1.67+1.67) m × 1.0m.
7. fruit mulberry cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
During the feeding type, following operation is specifically included：
For newly planting grafting fruit mulberry sapling, seedling stem is cut off at liftoff 20cm before early spring mulberry bud is sprouted, sprouts young sprout using normal bud；Work as strain
Height it is long to liftoff 35~40cm when, qualified young sprout if it exists, then liftoff 30~35cm at it is disconnected slightly, form level-one limb
Tree-shaped；
Wherein, qualified young sprout refers to that young sprout has 3~5 and growing way is prosperous, position is reasonable.
8. fruit mulberry cultural method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：
If cutting off unreasonable position, thin and delicate branch, sick branch without qualified young sprout, 2 healthy and strong branches of different directions are left and taken
Item, at 20~25cm under cut and do surely, form trunk and level-one limb；After the sprouting of level-one limb mulberry bud, level-one limb is left and taken
2~3 shoot growths that upper growing way is prosperous, branch is reasonably distributed, co-meager are gone；As the liftoff 40~45cm of plant height, in second level branch
Dry separation takes healthy and strong, reasonable 3~5 branches in position, at the liftoff 30~35cm of plant height under cut and do surely, form second level limb tree
Type.
9. the mulberry fruit that any one cultural method obtains according to claim 1~8.
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