CN103155855A - Method for improving hybrid seed production yield and quality of common head cabbages - Google Patents
Method for improving hybrid seed production yield and quality of common head cabbages Download PDFInfo
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- CN103155855A CN103155855A CN2013101134564A CN201310113456A CN103155855A CN 103155855 A CN103155855 A CN 103155855A CN 2013101134564 A CN2013101134564 A CN 2013101134564A CN 201310113456 A CN201310113456 A CN 201310113456A CN 103155855 A CN103155855 A CN 103155855A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving hybrid seed production yield and quality of common head cabbages, which belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. The method comprises the following steps of: seeding and raising seedlings from a female parent and a male parent in early August, and seeding English wallflower in mid-to-late September; planting the raised seedlings of the female parent and the male parent of the common head cabbages in a hybrid seed production field of the common head cabbages in mid-to-late September, wherein English wallflower planting points are reserved in each seed production field; planting young English wallflower seedlings in the field planting points reserved in the hybrid seed production field of the common head cabbages in later October; applying aqueous solution of honey with the concentration of 0.5-1 percent to foliages for 2-3 times during a flowering period of common head cabbage plants, putting about 60000 bees in two boxes for auxiliary pollination in each mu during natural pollination; and harvesting and timely airing and threshing the common head cabbages when common head cabbage pods are yellowed and seeds are browned. The honey source crops are reasonably planted in the seed production field, and the honey mixed solution is sprayed during the flowering period, so that the bees can be effectively attracted to perform pollination, the cross pollination probability obviously increases, and the seed production yield and quality of the common head cabbages are obviously improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of head cabbage mating system, especially a kind of method that improves head cabbage hybrid seed production yields and quality belongs to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Head cabbage (Brassica oleacea L.var.cap itata L.) is the mutation that the Cruciferae rape belongs to, having another name called cabbage, cabbage, cabbage, cabbage, cabbage, lotus flower white etc., is the vegetables crop of China and world many countries plantation.Because its hybrid vigour is obvious, therefore produce at present the upper good head cabbage varieties of using and almost entirely be half-blood, mainly contain two kinds of approach and produce the wild cabbage first generation of hybrid: namely utilize the self incompatible line production of hybrid seeds and utilize the male sterile line production of hybrid seeds.For improving head cabbage hybrid seed quantity and quality, people recognize by constantly research summary: results high-quality, high yield cabbage hybrid are systematic engineering of business, need to take reasonably comprehensive behave just can prove effective.These behaves mainly comprise: parents' florescence regulates, the standardized administration in good water and fertilizer condition, field, florescence honeybee supplementary pollination and florescence root outside foliar spray are executed phosphorus, potassium, boron, zinc fertilizer etc.
Facts have proved, florescence honeybee supplementary pollination in above-mentioned behave is very large on the impact of head cabbage hybrid seed quantity and quality, and the honey bees pollination seed production system is a complicated system, relate to factor many, particularly the own nectary development degree of the variation of florescence weather and parent material has appreciable impact to honey bees pollination.
Although when head cabbage blooms, pattern is more bright-coloured, but nectary is flourishing (the different cultivars difference is larger) not, head cabbage flowering stage particularly, full-bloom stage on the occasion of many other plants, is no lack of the kind that honeybee is had more temptation in these plants, therefore can attract most of honeybee, also of no avail even the wild cabbage seed farm is put honeybee.Therefore, how to make the underdeveloped head cabbage of nectary become the selection trend of honeybee, become a difficult problem that improves wild cabbage hybrid seed production yields and quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: adopt an effective measure, significantly strengthen head cabbage to the attraction of honeybee, thereby propose a kind of simple, method that can significantly improve head cabbage hybrid seed production yields and quality.
In order to reach above purpose, the method that the present invention improves head cabbage hybrid seed production yields and quality comprises following basic step:
Step 1, early August will be cultivated female parent and the male parent seeding and seedling raising of head cabbage crossbreed, and mid or late September sowing English wallflower;
Step 2, mid or late September, (when utilizing the self incompatible line production of hybrid seeds, the ratio of female parent and male parent seedling is about 1:1 at least one mu of head cabbage hybrid seeding Tanaka for maternal and male parent Seeding planting with the head cabbage that brings out, and the maternal and ratio male parent seedling is advisable for 2-3:1 when utilizing the male sterile line production of hybrid seeds, with the isolation distance of other cole vegetables seed farm 1500m at least), five points at every mu of seed farm center and an angular distance 1/2nd places, center to four are as the pre-stationary point of field planting English wallflower;
Step 3, late October, with the field planting point that the English wallflower Seeding planting is reserved to head cabbage hybrid seeding field, every each field planting 8-12 strain, the head cabbage after field planting is maternal, male parent seedling and English wallflower seedling survive the winter vernalization in the winter time under natural low temperature;
Step 4, mid-February in next year, cut open ball (usually use shallow stroke of " ten " word of cutter, the degree of depth is 3～4cm), and is loose as degree take the ball leaf, and removes Lao Ye at the head cabbage kind strain top of balling;
Step 5, after head cabbage kind strain bolting, insert vertical supplemental support thing bondage and support;
Step 6, treat head cabbage kind strain flowering stage, foliage-spray contains aqueous solution 2-3 time (especially also containing 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.2% borax in solution) of 0.5%-1% honey, puts the auxiliary pollination of ten thousand of 2 casees 5-7 (approximately 30,000, every case) honeybee by every mu in spontaneous pollination;
Step 7, after the head cabbage kind strain florescence finishes, pull out the English wallflower in field, when kind of a pod flavescence, seed browning, gather and in time airing threshing.
The applicant is through repeatedly selecting test to find, spray the head cabbage of honey mixed liquor and pattern is bright-coloured, nectary the is flourishing suitable intermingle of phyllostachys bambusoides fragrant flower, honeybee is had special temptation, not only can substantially keep here and all put honeybee, and can attract external honeybee.Therefore, the present invention is on the basis of traditional head cabbage cross-breeding technology, by rationally plant nectar source crop English wallflower in seed farm, and in conjunction with Spraying in the flowering stage honey mixed liquor, can effectively attract honey bees pollination, significantly increase the hybridization pollination probability, thereby obviously improve head cabbage hybrid seed yield and quality.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
Experimental group
Carried out head cabbage Chungan No.2 (state's tasting dish 2010027) hybrid seeding in 2011, Chungan No.2 is the head cabbage Hybrid with two self incompatible line 99-2-2-4-1 and 02-2-1 preparation.3 mu, hybrid seeding field has been carried out surveying after the seed results and has been produced.
1) adopted 128 hole plastics cave dish sowings on August 5, the matrix of dress cave dish adopts the Dutch Pin Shi vegetables special nutrient soil of buying, the cave dish that first will install matrix waters permeable, punching again, about hole depth 0.5cm, 1 seed is broadcast in every hole, cover again Nutrition Soil, and strike off, water in right amount at last, keep Nutrition Soil moistening.Qi Miaohou in time ventilates, and prevents high pin seedling, waters in right amount, keeps ground moistening, makes growth of seedling consistent, strengthens the extermination of disease and insect pest.Transplant seedlings once by spacing 10cm left and right after planting 26 days (24-28 days all can).September 18, the sowing English wallflower.
2) turn over and sun the earth which has been ploughed up in field planting on August 30 field, executes and amount to 667m
2Execute Chicken dung 3000kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N:P:K15:15:15) 70kg makes base manure.Make the furrow of wide 1.2m after cultivated flat rake is thin, ditch depth 20～30cm, furrow width 40cm.Then build the unregistered land film.September 28, during seedling tool 6-8 sheet true leaf, two parents' seedling is pressed 1:1 interlacing field planting, seeding row spacing 45 * 55cm field planting; Every mu of 5 points of selecting and remain, the field planting English wallflower is waited until in few each 1 strain of field planting Parent.Particular location is five points at every mu of seed farm center and an angular distance 1/2nd places, center to four.Isolation distance 2000m with other cole vegetables seed farm.Connect after cultivation and water water twice, guarantee that plant lives, will planting pit have been covered pressure with soil after living tight, both kept humidity in mulch film, prevent that again strong wind from blowing mulch film open.
3) October 21, to seed farm, each puts field planting 10 strains with the English wallflower field planting.Strengthen management after field planting, guarantee alive.Head cabbage after field planting is maternal, male parent seedling and English wallflower seedling survive the winter vernalization in the winter time under natural low temperature.
4) at kind strain shallow stroke of the top of balling consolidation " ten " word, guarantee that the ball leaf is loose with scraper February 20 next year, simultaneously surrounding Lao Ye, sick leaf removed totally, and adds 700 times of liquid of 40% flolimat with 600 times of liquid of 80% mancozeb and spray prevention and elimination of disease and pests 1 time.March 4, every 667 ㎡ can impose composite fertilizer's (N:P:K is 15:15:15) 10kg and add urea (containing N46%) 15kg, mix to burrow by 1:1 and spread manuer in holes.
5) after kind strain bolting, insert a bamboo bar, along with increasing of bolting, divide and use the plastic ties bondage 2～3 times.
6) April 9, April 16 and April 23 head cabbage kind strain flowering stage, respectively carry out spray leaf fertilizer one time, the blade face spray contains the mixed aqueous solution 3 times of 0.8% honey.Since initial bloom stage on April 9, every 667 ㎡ are put 2 casees honeybees (approximately 60,000) supplementary pollination, and the florescence is forbidden pesticide.
7) bloomed May 15 finish after, in time pull out English wallflower, water water one time, and add 1000 times of prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 70% menazon wetting powder 1 time with 75% sclerotium spirit., do not gather in the crops when dew is dried in morning when the jaundice of Some Species pod June 7 in batches.Simultaneously the seed of Parent is separately gathered in the crops, dried threshing and be placed on the flat upper airing of bamboo.
Control group (isolation distance is greater than 2000m)
Equally with the head cabbage Chungan No.2 at hybrid seeding in 2011.Not field planting of seed farm English wallflower does not spray honey mixed aqueous solution etc., and other management is carried out with routine.
The hybrid seed quality that table one experimental group and control group are gathered and output are relatively
Embodiment two
Experimental group
In 2011 with auspicious sweet 17 hybrid seedings of head cabbage.Auspicious sweet 17 is the precocious head cabbage Hybrids with male sterile line 08-86-1A and male parent 135-1 preparation.Hybrid seeding was 2 mu in 2011, had carried out surveying after the seed results and had produced.
1) adopted 128 hole plastics cave dish sowings on August 4, the matrix of dress cave dish adopts the Dutch Pin Shi vegetables special nutrient soil of buying, the cave dish that first will install matrix waters permeable, punching again, about hole depth 0.5cm, 1 seed is broadcast in every hole, cover again Nutrition Soil, and strike off, water in right amount at last, keep Nutrition Soil moistening.Qi Miaohou in time ventilates, and prevents high pin seedling, waters in right amount, keeps ground moistening, makes growth of seedling consistent, strengthens the extermination of disease and insect pest.After planting 25 ± 1 days, transplant seedlings once by about spacing 10 ± 2cm.September 16, the sowing English wallflower.
2) turn over and sun the earth which has been ploughed up in field planting on August 29 field, executes and amount to 667m
2Execute Chicken dung 3000kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N:P:K15:15:15) 70kg makes base manure.Make the furrow of wide 1.2m after cultivated flat rake is thin, ditch depth 20～30cm, furrow width 40cm.Then build the unregistered land film.September 28, during seedling tool 6-8 sheet true leaf, it is 2-3:1 that two parents' seedling is pressed, seeding row spacing 45 * 55cm field planting; Every mu of 5 points of selecting and remain, the field planting English wallflower is waited until in few each 1 strain of field planting Parent.Particular location is five points at every mu of seed farm center and an angular distance 1/2nd places, center to four.Isolation distance 2000m with other cole vegetables seed farm.Connect after cultivation and water water twice, guarantee that plant lives, will planting pit have been covered pressure with soil after living tight, both kept humidity in mulch film, prevent that again strong wind from blowing mulch film open.
3) October 21, to seed farm, each puts field planting 10 strains with the English wallflower field planting.Strengthen management after field planting, guarantee alive.Head cabbage after field planting is maternal, male parent seedling and English wallflower seedling survive the winter vernalization in the winter time under natural low temperature.
4) at kind strain shallow stroke of the top of balling consolidation " ten " word, guarantee that the ball leaf is loose with scraper February 25 next year, simultaneously surrounding Lao Ye, sick leaf removed totally, and adds 700 times of liquid prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 40% flolimat 1 time with 600 times of liquid of 80% mancozeb.March 2, every 667 ㎡ can impose composite fertilizer's (N:P:K is 15:15:15) 10kg and add urea (containing N46%) 15kg, mix to burrow by 1:1 and spread manuer in holes.
5) after kind strain bolting, insert a bamboo bar, along with increasing of bolting, divide and use the plastic ties bondage 2～3 times.
6) April 6, April 13 and April 20 head cabbage kind strain flowering stage, respectively carry out spray leaf fertilizer one time, the blade face spray contains the mixed aqueous solution 3 times of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.2% borax+0.5% honey.Since initial bloom stage on April 6, every 667 ㎡ are put 2 casees honeybees, about 60,000 supplementary pollination, and the florescence is forbidden pesticide.
7) bloomed May 10 finish after, in time pull out English wallflower, water water one time, and add 1000 times of prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 70% menazon wetting powder 1 time with 75% sclerotium spirit., do not gather in the crops when dew is dried in morning when the jaundice of Some Species pod June 5 in batches.Simultaneously the seed of Parent is separately gathered in the crops, dried threshing and be placed on the flat upper airing of bamboo.
Control group
Equally with head cabbage auspicious sweet 17 at hybrid seeding in 2011.Seed farm carries out Routine Management, does not take field planting English wallflower, spray to contain the measures such as mixed aqueous solution of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.2% borax+0.5% honey.
The hybrid seed quality that table two experimental group and control group are gathered and output are relatively
The applicant once attempted other multiple nectar source crop, and planted separately English wallflower or only spray honey solution, all can't reach above implementation result.Therefore, on the basis of normal management, after adopting method of the present invention, can obtain the most significant effect, and its cost economy, method is simple, and is practical.Research and test show, by the plantation nectariferous plant, then spray adds the mixed liquor of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2% borax and honey not only to attract honeybee effective, also helps to promote full seed, improves seed quality.
Claims (7)
1. method that improves head cabbage hybrid seed production yields and quality is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step 1, early August will be cultivated female parent and the male parent seeding and seedling raising of head cabbage crossbreed, and mid or late September sowing English wallflower;
Step 2, mid or late September, maternal and male parent Seeding planting is to being one mu of head cabbage hybrid seeding Tanaka with the head cabbage that brings out, and five points at every mu of seed farm center and an angular distance 1/2nd places, center to four are as the pre-stationary point of field planting English wallflower;
Step 3, late October, with the field planting point that the English wallflower Seeding planting is reserved to head cabbage hybrid seeding field, every each field planting 8-12 strain, the head cabbage after field planting is maternal, male parent seedling and English wallflower seedling survive the winter vernalization in the winter time under natural low temperature;
Step 4, mid-February in next year, cut open ball at the head cabbage kind strain top of balling, loose as degree take the ball leaf, and remove Lao Ye;
Step 5, after head cabbage kind strain bolting, insert vertical supplemental support thing bondage and support;
Step 6, treat to contain in head cabbage kind strain flowering stage, foliage-spray aqueous solution 2-3 time of 0.5%-1% honey, put the auxiliary pollination of ten thousand honeybees of 5-7 by every mu in spontaneous pollination;
Step 7, after the head cabbage kind strain florescence finishes, pull out the English wallflower in field, when kind of a pod flavescence, seed browning, gather and in time airing threshing.
2. the method for raising head cabbage hybrid seed production yields according to claim 1 and quality, is characterized in that: also contain 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% borax in the aqueous solution of described honey.
3. the method for raising according to claim 1 head cabbage hybrid seed production yields and quality, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, utilize the self incompatible line production of hybrid seeds, the ratio of female parent and male parent seedling is 1:1.
4. the method for raising according to claim 1 head cabbage hybrid seed production yields and quality, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, utilize the male sterile line production of hybrid seeds, the ratio of female parent and male parent seedling is 2-3:1.
5. the methods of according to claim 3 or 4 described raising head cabbage hybrid seed production yields and quality is characterized in that: in described step 4, cut ball at the head cabbage kind strain top of balling with shallow stroke of " ten " word of cutter, the degree of depth is 3～4cm.
6. the method for raising according to claim 5 head cabbage hybrid seed production yields and quality is characterized in that: in described step 1, and head cabbage female parent and male parent after planting 25 ± 1 days, 10 ± 2cm transplants seedlings once by spacing.
7. the method for raising head cabbage hybrid seed production yields according to claim 6 and quality, is characterized in that: in described step 4, also spray 600 times of liquid of 80% mancozeb and add 700 times of liquid prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 40% flolimat.
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| CN106305100A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-11 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Method for improving collard seed yield |
| CN107683750A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-02-13 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | A kind of method for the hybrid seed yield and quality for improving morning glory |
| CN111683522A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2020-09-18 | 坂田种苗株式会社 | Method for producing seed of Lactuca plant using wasp of genus Cerebrophora |
| CN111683522B (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2021-11-30 | 坂田种苗株式会社 | Method for producing seed of Lactuca plant using wasp of genus Cerebrophora |
| CN108307832A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2018-07-24 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A method of it is bloomed using grafting induction cabbage bolting under the conditions of artificial climate |
| CN109122115A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2019-01-04 | 仁怀市凯浩种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods improving balling violet cabbage hybrid seed yield |
| CN113273455A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-20 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Agricultural and agricultural integrated cabbage production method |
| CN113273455B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2024-01-23 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Production method for agricultural fusion of cabbage agricultural machinery |
| WO2023116849A1 (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2023-06-29 | 唐山师范学院 | Method for seed reproduction of common head cabbages in open field during overwintering |
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