CN104160855A - Method for improving quality and increasing number of collard seed production - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the quality and quantity of kale seed production, which includes the steps of sowing seedlings, rational fertilization, planting, management, pruning, and harvesting according to the maturity of branches and seed pods, by cutting off new flowering branches each time The top of the plant reduces the number of small seeds, reduces nutrient loss, makes the branches of the plant that have blossomed and set seeds more nutritious, increases the thousand-grain weight of the seeds, and effectively reduces the lodging phenomenon of the plant after fruiting, thereby increasing the yield. Improve germination rate. By observing the maturity of the branches and seed pods, harvest them in time, and hang them for a short period of time after harvest, which reduces the post-harvest humidity, destroys the germination conditions, and effectively reduces the germination in the seed pods. The method of the invention is simple and effective, can solve the problems existing in kale seed production, and can achieve the purposes of increasing yield, improving seed quality and increasing benefit.

Description

A method for improving the quality and quantity of kale seed production

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the field of cultivation technology, relates to a seed production technology, in particular to a cultivation method for improving the quantity and quality of ornamental kale seed production.

technical background:

Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var.acephala f.tricolor H or t.) is a variety of Brassica oleracea in the family Brassicaceae. It is native to the European Mediterranean to the North Sea coast. The shape is beautiful and changeable, the color of the heart leaves is gorgeous like flowers, and the cold resistance is strong. It is the first choice for viewing in late autumn, winter and early spring. The horticultural varieties have various shapes. According to the height, they can be divided into tall and short types; Round leaves, wavy leaves, lobed leaves and deeply lobed leaves; according to the color, the edge leaves are emerald green, dark green, gray green, yellow green, and the center leaves are pure white, light yellow, pink, rose red, purple red, etc. Variety. It has high ornamental value and economic benefits. With the demand for ornamental kale rising year after year, the demand for seeds has increased. However, the seed coats of some varieties of ornamental kale seeds are relatively thin, and they are easy to germinate on the plants. In the process of seed propagation and seed production, there are many phenomena of damaged seed coats, many germinated seeds, and many small seeds. Affected the quality of seeds and reduced the germination rate. After checking the data and literature, no such reports have been found. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a simple and easy seed production and cultivation method to change this situation and improve the yield and quality of ornamental kale seeds.

Invention content:

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a simple and effective method, which can solve the problems existing in kale seed production, and can achieve the purpose of increasing yield, improving seed quality and increasing benefit.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution steps that the present invention takes are:

1. Sowing seedlings: kale seedlings in early September, using 50-hole or 72-hole hole trays for seedling cultivation, and sowing different types of varieties according to the needs of seed production. When the seedlings grow to 7 to 8 leaves, they can be directly planted.

2. Reasonable fertilization: Apply enough base fertilizer in the seeding field, put 2000-3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per 667 square meters, and add 80-100kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N:P:K 15:15:15) as base fertilizer.

3. Planting: Plant the kale in the farming field in the middle and late October. It is best to plant it in a simple steel frame greenhouse to facilitate the film covering in the later stage. The row spacing of cultivated plants is 30cm×30cm. After planting, pour water 2 to 3 times continuously. After the plants are alive, cover the surrounding areas with fine soil. If there are missing seedlings or dead seedlings, transplant them in time. (Greenhouse steel frame width: 6‐6.5m, height 3.5‐4.0m)

4. Field management: normal water and fertilizer management after the plants are planted and survived, and proper fertilizer and water control should be carried out during the cultivation and management from the rosette stage until the plants bolting in the second year. Cover the cultivation area with drip-free film in time at the end of December.

5. Pruning: Kale plants begin to bloom in early April. Cut off the tops of the flowering main flower branches and side flower branches 5 to 7 days after the first flowering, and cut off the tops of the main flower branches and side flower branches. Cut off the top of a newly blooming flowering branch to a length of 3 to 5 cm.

Cut off the tops of the new flowering branches for the last time in mid-May, and wipe off the newly bolted branches and side buds, and wipe off the newly bolted branches and side buds every 10 to 15 days. Followed by normal water and fertilizer management and pest control.

6. Harvesting: In early June, the branches of the plants begin to be harvested according to the maturity of the branches and seed pods. The standard for harvesting is 35-40 days after flowering, when more than 70% of the pods on the branches turn yellow, every 5-7 days The branches can be harvested once, and the last harvest is completed around June 20. It is required that the branches harvested each time should be ventilated and hung for 2-3 days after ripening, then aired and threshed in time, selected and cleaned, and stored in the sun.

If it is a conventional variety, it can be directly produced and cultivated according to the above method, and if it is a hybrid seed production, it only needs to process the female plant in this way.

The method of the present invention effectively reduces the damage of seeds and the phenomenon of germination in seed pods, and solves the problem of more small particles. The number of germinated seeds is reduced from more than 12% to no more than 3%, and the number of small seeds is reduced from 11%. The above is reduced to no more than 2%, and the thousand-grain weight and germination rate are increased by more than 10%, which greatly improves the seed yield and quality, and increases the benefit. It has the following advantages:

1. Usually, for seed production and cultivation, the film is covered before the plants bolt and bloom, usually at the end of February and the beginning of March. The present invention advances the time to the end of December, which can effectively reduce the infection of plants with soft rot.

2. Because most of the small seeds are produced in the seed pods at the top of the flowering branches, cutting off the tops of the new flowering branches each time reduces the number of small seeds, reduces nutrient loss, and enables the plants to bloom and set seeds The nutrition of the branches is more sufficient, the thousand-grain weight of the seeds is increased, and the phenomenon of plant lodging after fruiting is effectively reduced, thereby increasing the yield and germination rate.

3. Harvest in time by observing the ripeness of branches and seed pods, and threshing in a timely manner after ventilation and hanging is the most effective way to reduce the germination of seeds on the plant. Due to the characteristics of the variety, after the seeds mature on the plant, if they are not harvested in time Or the greater humidity after harvesting will germinate in the seed pods. Generally, 35 to 40 days after flowering, more than 70% of the pods on the branches of the present invention will be harvested in time when the pods turn yellow. It was dried in the sun in the first day, and the germination conditions were destroyed due to the timely harvest and the reduced post-harvest humidity. Compared with conventional one-time harvesting and post-ripening for 5-7 days, the germination in the seed pod is effectively reduced.

Detailed ways

Example

The ornamental kale material used in this example is white savoy kale, a conventional variety, from Zhenjiang Ruifan Agronomy Co., Ltd.

In the present embodiment, the following processing methods are adopted to carry out sub-district cultivation, A: conventional cultivation and seed production; B: the present invention's cultivation and production of seeds; C: the pre-treatment is consistent with the B plot, and the last seed is a one-time harvest.

1. Sowing and raising seedlings: On September 10th, seedlings of white wrinkled-leaf kale were raised in plug trays, using 50-hole or 72-hole plug trays for seedling cultivation, and different types of varieties were sown according to the needs of seed production. When the seedlings grow to 7-8 leaves, they can be directly grown. Colonization.

2. Planting: Apply enough base fertilizer in the seeding field, put 2000-3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per 667 square meters, and add 80-100kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N:P:K 15:15:15) as base fertilizer. On October 25th, the kale was planted in the planting field, which was in a simple steel frame greenhouse, so as to facilitate the film covering in the later stage, and the row spacing of the cultivated plants was 30cm×30cm. Randomly distribute 3 plots, plant 60 kale seedlings in each plot, each plot is separated by 3m, pour water 2-3 times after planting, and cover the surrounding areas with fine soil after the plants are alive, and there are missing seedlings, dead The seedlings were transplanted in time for replanting. (Greenhouse steel frame width: 6‐6.5m, height 3.5‐4.0m)

3. After planting and surviving, the normal water and fertilizer management should be properly controlled for the cultivation and management of the rosette stage until the second year before the plants bolt.

4. At the end of December, plots B and C were covered with drip-free film in the cultivation area in time.

5. At the beginning of March, after the kale plants have bolted and sprouted, cover the cultivation area A with non-drip film, and isolate the varieties with gauze.

6. At the beginning of April, the kale plants began to bloom one after another. Community A was managed normally without any treatment. Cut off the tops of the flowering main flowering branches and side flowering branches 5-7 days after flowering in the B and C plots, and cut off the length of 3-5cm, and cut off the tops of newly blooming flowering branches once every 7-10 days, and cut off the length It is 3‐5cm.

7. In mid-May, the tops of the new flowering branches are cut off for the last time in plots B and C, and the newly bolted branches and side buds are wiped off, and the newly bolted branches and side buds are wiped off again every 10-15 days. Subsequently, the same normal water and fertilizer management and pest control as in A plot. During the growth process, it was observed that the plants in plot A had lodging phenomenon, especially in the process of flowering and fruiting in plot A, the lodging situation was serious, more than 15% of the lodging plants, and more than 20% of the plants were infected with soft rot. There is no lodging phenomenon in the process of flowering and fruiting in plots B and C, and the incidence of soft rot is less than 5%.

8. In the first ten days of June in Community B, the branches of the plants begin to be harvested according to their maturity. The harvesting standard is about 35-40 days after flowering, and when more than 70% of the pods on the branches turn yellow, the branches can be harvested every 5-7 days. The last harvest was completed around June 20. The branches harvested each time are required to be ventilated and hung for 2-3 days, and then they can be aired and threshed in time, and selected and cleaned.

9. Plants in plots A and C were harvested at one time around June 20. They were piled on the ground in a shaded place and matured for 5‐7 days. Then they were dried and threshed, selected and cleaned, and the yield and quality of seeds in the three plots were investigated and calculated.

10. The survey calculated the average seed yield per plant and thousand-grain weight, and counted the proportion of damaged seeds, germinated seeds and small seeds (seed diameter<1.5mm). The results are shown in Table 1:

Table 1 Effects of different cultivation methods on seeds

Through the comparison of the results of the above three cultivation methods, it can be seen that the B and C plots were covered with drip-free film in the cultivation area in time at the end of December, which reduced the disease infection rate of the plants, because the new flowering top branches were cut off many times, effectively preventing Lodging, increased seed yield and thousand-grain weight, effectively reduced the number of small seeds, but because the C plot did not harvest branches in time according to the maturity of the branches, some seeds in the early-maturing seed pods fell off or germinated, and the one-time harvest piled up on the ground and matured , Due to the different maturity of the branches and the long post-ripening time, and the high humidity of the accumulated ground, there are more germinated seeds, which also reduces the yield and germination rate. Compared with other cultivation methods, the method adopted in the present invention reduces the lodging situation in the process of plant seed production, and reduces the diseased situation of the plants. Lodging and plant sickness and death are one of the important reasons for the decline in seed yield and quality. The present invention overcomes the The above problems, combined with the timely harvesting of branches according to maturity, and the short-term hanging drying technology have improved the yield, solved the phenomenon of many small seeds, damaged seeds and germinated seeds in the process of seed production, improved seed quality, and increased the thousand-grain weight of seeds. The germination rate has also been greatly improved. The method is also applicable to the seed production of other cruciferous crops.

Claims (4)

1. A method for improving the quality and quantity of kale seed production, comprising sowing seedlings, rational fertilization, field planting, management, trimming, and harvesting steps, characterized in that, the specific steps are as follows: (1) Sowing seedlings: use 50-hole or 72-hole plug trays to raise seedlings in early September, sow different types of varieties according to the needs of seed production, and plant directly when the seedlings grow to 7-8 leaves; (2) Reasonable fertilization: apply sufficient base fertilizer in the seed production field, put 2000-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per 667 square meters, and add 80-100 kg of ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer; (3) Planting: In the middle and late October, plant kale in the farming field, or in a simple steel frame greenhouse. The row spacing of the cultivated plants is 30cm×30cm. After planting, water it 2 to 3 times continuously. The fine soil should be well covered, and the missing seedlings and dead seedlings should be replanted in time; (4) Management: normal water and fertilizer management after the plants are planted and survived, the cultivation management from the rosette stage until the second year before the plants bolting should be controlled by fertilizer and water, and the cultivation area should be covered with drip-free film at the end of December; (5) Pruning and finishing: 5-7 days after the first flowering of kale in early April, cut off the tops of the main flowering branches and side flowering branches that have already bloomed, and the length of cutting is 3-5cm. After that, cut off the new bolting and flowering every 7-10 days. The top of the flower branch is 3-5cm in length; Cut off the tops of new flowering branches for the last time in mid-May, and wipe off the newly bolted branches and side buds, and wipe off the newly bolted branches and side buds every 10 to 15 days, followed by normal water and fertilizer management and pest control; (6) Harvesting: The branches of the plants began to be harvested in batches in early June. 2. the method for improving kale seed production quality and quantity as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the N:P:K of described ternary compound fertilizer is 15:15:15. 3. The method for improving the quality and quantity of kale seed production as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the steel frame greenhouse is 6-6.5m wide and 3.5-4.0m high, and the greenhouse is at 12 Cover with a drip-free film at the end of the month. 4. the method for improving the quality and quantity of kale seed production as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described gathering is to gather according to maturity, and the standard of gathering is 35～40 days after flowering, branch When more than 70% of the pods on the top turn yellow, the branches are harvested every 5 to 7 days, and the last harvest is completed in the middle and late June. The branches harvested each time are required to be ventilated and hung in time to mature for 2 to 3 days, and then dried and threshed in time. After being selected and cleaned, dry and store.