CN104160855B - A kind of method improving kale seed production quality and quantity - Google Patents
A kind of method improving kale seed production quality and quantity Download PDFInfo
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- CN104160855B CN104160855B CN201410369263.XA CN201410369263A CN104160855B CN 104160855 B CN104160855 B CN 104160855B CN 201410369263 A CN201410369263 A CN 201410369263A CN 104160855 B CN104160855 B CN 104160855B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method improving kale seed production quality and quantity, comprise seeding and seedling raising, the rational application of fertilizer, field planting, management, pruning arrange, according to branch and plant pod maturity and to gather step, by cutting off the top of new Flowering Branches at every turn, decrease the quantity of seedlet, decrease nutrition deterioration, the shoot vegetative that plant can be made to have blossomed and had seeds is more abundant, the thousand kernel weight of seed is increased, and effectively reduce solid after plant lodging phenomenon, thus improve output, improve germination rate.Gather in time by observing branch and planting pod maturity, and adopt rear short-term suspension after-ripening, reduce and adopt rear humidity, destroy germination condition, effectively decrease in kind of pod and germinate.The inventive method is simply effective, and Problems existing when can solve the kale production of hybrid seeds, can reach increase yield, improve seed quality, the object of improve effects.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to technical field of cultivation, relate to a kind of seeding technique, be specifically related to the cultivation method that kale production of hybrid seeds quality and quantity is viewed and admired in a kind of raising.
Technical background:
View and admire the mutation that kale (Brassicaoleraceavar.acephalaf.tricolorHort.) is Cruciferae Brassica genus brassica specie, originate in European Mediterranean to the North Sea littoral, 2 years raw herbaceous plant, see Ye Weizhu, its leaf morphology is attractive in appearance changeable, and lobus cardiacus is lucuriant in design as flower, cold resistance is stronger, late autumn, winter and early spring the first-selected flowers viewed and admired, garden-variety form of diverse, can divide high type and dwarf forms by height; Wrinkle leaf, roundleaf, wave leaf, shallow decomposite leaf and drastic crack leaf kind is divided by the form of leaf; By color, marginal convolution has emerald green, bottle green, celadon, yellow green, and middle lobus cardiacus then has pure white, yellowish, pink colour, the kind such as rose-red, purplish red.There is higher ornamental value and economic benefit.Along with year after year surging to the demand of viewing and admiring kale, add the demand of seed.But some kind to view and admire kale seed seed coat thinner, and easily germinate on plant, the phenomenon that the damaged seed of seed coat is many, chitting piece is many, seedlet is many is there is in breeding production of hybrid seeds process, and the quality that have impact on seed that above-mentioned seed is serious, reduce germination rate.Inspection information and document, find no this type of report, therefore needing a kind of simple production of hybrid seeds cultivation method of invention for changing this situation, improving the yield and quality viewing and admiring kale seed.
Summary of the invention:
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of simple effective method, Problems existing when can solve the kale production of hybrid seeds, can reach increase yield, improves seed quality, the object of improve effects.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme steps that the present invention takes is:
1, seeding and seedling raising: early September kale point disk seedling growing, adopt 50 holes or 72 hole point disk seedling growings, according to the production of hybrid seeds need sow dissimilar kind, can directly field planting when seedling grows to 7 ~ 8 leaves.
2, the rational application of fertilizer: use sufficient base manure in seed farm, every 667 ㎡ put decomposed manure 2000-3000kg, separately add Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 80-100kg (N:P:K15:15:15) and make base manure.
3, field planting: mid or late October, best field planting, in simple and easy steelframe booth, was beneficial to later stage cover film kale field planting in seed farm, cultivation seeding row spacing 30cm × 30cm.Connect after cultivation and water 2 ~ 3 water, surrounding fine earth covers after living by plant to be planted, have be short of seedling, dead seedling transplants after-culture in time.(booth steelframe is wide: 6 ?6.5m, high 3.5 ?4.0m)
4, field management: plant field planting survives rear normal water and fertilizer management, the rosette stage is until the cultivation management before Second Year plant bolting all suitably will carry out rich water control.In time by the end of December in cultural area, cover Anti-fogging Film.
5, arrangement is pruned: kale plant at the beginning of 4 months starts to bloom successively, the top of bloom main spray and side spray within 5 ~ 7 days, is cut off after just spending, cutting off length is 3 ~ 5cm, and cut off once the spray top that new bolting is bloomed every 7 ~ 10 days, cutting off length is 3 ~ 5cm later.
Mid-May cuts off the top of new Flowering Branches for the last time, and erases branch and the lateral bud of new bolting, erases the branch of new bolting and lateral bud more once every 10 ~ 15 days.Normal water and fertilizer management and the extermination of disease and insect pest subsequently.
6, gather: early June plant branch start according to branch and plant pod maturity and start harvesting, the standard of gathering is after spending 35 ~ 40 days, when pod more than 70% on branch turns yellow, within every 5 ~ 7 days, can gather in a branch, on June about 20 completed last harvesting.Require that the branch of each harvesting ventilates all in time and hang after-ripening 2 ~ 3 days, airing threshing in time subsequently, selected clean after, solarization dry storage.
If conventional variety, directly production of hybrid seeds cultivation as stated above, if hybrid seeding, then only according to said method need process maternal plant.
The breakage that method of the present invention effectively decreases seed and the phenomenon of germinateing in kind of pod, solve the problem that small-particle is more, chitting piece quantity drops to by more than 12% and is no more than 3%, small-sized seed drops to by more than 11% and is no more than 2%, and thousand kernel weight and germination rate all improve more than 10%, substantially increase seed production and quality, add benefit, have following advantage:
1, usually production of hybrid seeds cultivation, re-cover film before plant bolting is bloomed, generally by the end of February at the beginning of 3 months, the present invention arrives time advance by the end of December, effectively can reduce plant and infect soft rot.
2, produce in the kind pod that the top being exactly spray because of the most source of seedlet is tied, cut off the top of new Flowering Branches at every turn, decrease the quantity of seedlet, decrease nutrition deterioration, the shoot vegetative that plant can be made to have blossomed and had seeds is more abundant, and the thousand kernel weight of seed is increased, and effectively reduce solid after plant to lodge phenomenon, thus raising output, improve germination rate.
3, gather in time by observing branch and planting pod mature condition, and the timely threshing of suspension after-ripening of ventilating, the most effectively reduce the method that seed germinates on plant, due to breediness, seed is on plant after maturation, humidity will be germinateed more greatly in kind of pod if gathered not in time or after gathering, the present invention generally after spending 35 ~ 40 days, just just receive in time when pod more than 70% on branch turns yellow, and ventilate and hang after-ripening 2 ~ 3 days with regard to airing, adopt rear humidity owing to gathering in time and reducing, destroy germination condition.With the disposable harvesting of routine, after-ripening is compared for 5 ~ 7 days, effectively decreases in kind of pod and germinates.
Embodiment
Embodiment
What use in the present embodiment views and admires kale material for white wrinkle leaf kale, and conventional variety, derives from Ruifan Agricultural Gardening Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang City.
Have employed following processing mode in the present embodiment and carry out a point community cultivation, A: the conventional cultivation production of hybrid seeds; B: the present invention cultivates the production of hybrid seeds; C: early stage, process was consistent with B community, and last seed is disposable harvesting.
1, seeding and seedling raising: September 10 white wrinkle leaf kale point disk seedling growing, adopt 50 holes or 72 hole point disk seedling growings, according to the production of hybrid seeds need sow dissimilar kind, can directly field planting when seedling grows to 7 ~ 8 leaves.
2, field planting: use sufficient base manure in seed farm, every 667 ㎡ put decomposed manure 2000-3000kg, separately add Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 80-100kg (N:P:K15:15:15) and make base manure.October 25, seed farm, in simple and easy steelframe booth, was beneficial to later stage cover film kale field planting in seed farm, cultivation seeding row spacing 30cm × 30cm.Random distribution 3 communities, plant 60 strain kale seedling in every community, each community separates 3m, connects and water 2-3 water after cultivation, and surrounding fine earth covers after living by plant to be planted, have be short of seedling, dead seedling transplants after-culture in time.(booth steelframe is wide: 6 ?6.5m, high 3.5 ?4.0m)
3, plant field planting survives rear normal water and fertilizer management, and the rosette stage is until the cultivation management before Second Year plant bolting all suitably will carry out rich water control.
4, B, C community is timely by the end of December covers Anti-fogging Film in cultural area.
5, at the beginning of 3 months, after kale plant bolting is buddingged, in A cultural area, cover Anti-fogging Film, between kind, also carry out grenadine isolation.
6, kale plant at the beginning of 4 months starts to bloom successively, and A community normal management, is left intact.Within 5-7 days, cut off the top of bloomed main spray and side spray after B, C spend community, cut off length be 3 ?5cm, every 7 ?within 10 days, cut off once spray top that new bolting blooms once, cut off length be 3 ?5cm.
7, mid-May B, C community cuts off the top of new Flowering Branches for the last time, and erases branch and the lateral bud of new bolting, erases the branch of new bolting and lateral bud more once every 10-15 days.Subsequently with the equally normal water and fertilizer management in A community and the extermination of disease and insect pest.Observe in process of growth and find that the plant of A community exists lodging phenomenon, especially A community plant lodging situation in process of blossoming and bearing fruit is comparatively serious, and lodging plant is more than more than 15%, and the plant of more than 20% infects soft rot.B, C to blossom and bear fruit community in process plant without lodging phenomenon, and the soft rot incidence of disease is lower than 5%.
8, B community early June plant branch starts according to maturity harvesting, and the standard of gathering is after spending about 35 ~ 40 days, and when the pod more than 70% on branch turns yellow, every 5 ?can gather in a branch for 7 days, and on June about 20 completed last harvesting.The branch of each harvesting all require to ventilate hang after-ripening 2 ?3 days, subsequently in time can airing threshing, totally selected.
9, A, C community plant, disposable harvesting in about 20 days June, after-ripening 5 ?piles up 7 days, airing threshing subsequently in ground in shady and cool place, totally selected, investigation calculating 3 district seed seed output and quality.
10, investigation calculates the average single plant yield of seed, thousand kernel weight, has added up damaged seed, chitting piece and little seed (seed diameter <1.5mm) ratio.Result is as table 1:
Table 1 different planting is on the impact of seed
Can be found out by the contrast of above 3 kinds of planting type results, B, C community covers Anti-fogging Film timely by the end of December in cultural area, decrease the rate of catching an illness of plant, because repeatedly cut off top branch of newly blooming, effectively prevent lodging, and improve seed production and thousand kernel weight, effectively reduce little seed quantity, but because C community is less than branch of gathering in time according to shoot maturation degree, cause seed shedding or germination in part early maturing variety pod, and ground after-ripening is piled up in disposable harvesting, branch is due to maturity difference and ripening time is long, and surface humidity is larger aheap, cause chitting piece more, decrease output simultaneously, reduce germination rate.The method that the present invention adopts is compared with other cultivation methods, decrease the lodging situation in plant production of hybrid seeds process, reduce plant to catch an illness situation, lodging and the sick death of plant are one of major reasons of seed production and Quality Down, instant invention overcomes above problem, in conjunction with branch of gathering in time according to maturity, and short-term hang airing technology improves output, solve seedlet in production of hybrid seeds process many, damaged seed and the phenomenon that chitting piece is many, improve seed quality, thousand grain weigth increases, and germination rate have also been obtained large increase.The method is also applicable to the production of hybrid seeds of other Cruciferae class crop.
Claims (4)
1. improve a method for kale seed production quality and quantity, comprise seeding and seedling raising, the rational application of fertilizer, field planting, management, pruning arrangement, step of gathering, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) seeding and seedling raising: adopt 50 holes or 72 hole point disk seedling growings in early September, according to the production of hybrid seeds need sow dissimilar kind, direct field planting when seedling grows to 7 ~ 8 leaves;
(2) rational application of fertilizer: use sufficient base manure in seed farm, every 667 ㎡ put decomposed manure 2000 ~ 3000kg, separately add Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 80 ~ 100kg and make base manure;
(3) field planting: mid or late October kale field planting in seed farm, or in simple and easy steelframe booth, cultivation seeding row spacing 30cm × 30cm, connects after cultivation and waters 2 ~ 3 water, surrounding fine earth covers after living by plant to be planted, have be short of seedling, dead seedling transplants after-culture in time;
(4) manage: plant field planting survives rear normal water and fertilizer management, the rosette stage, until the cultivation management before Second Year plant bolting will carry out rich water control, covers Anti-fogging Film by the end of December in cultural area;
(5) prune arrangement: the top cutting off bloom main spray and side spray after spending at the beginning of kale at the beginning of 4 months for 5 ~ 7 days, cutting off length is 3 ~ 5cm, and cut off once the spray top that new bolting is bloomed every 7 ~ 10 days, length is 3 ~ 5cm later;
Mid-May cuts off the top of new Flowering Branches for the last time, and erases branch and the lateral bud of new bolting, erases the branch of new bolting and lateral bud more once, normal water and fertilizer management and the extermination of disease and insect pest subsequently every 10 ~ 15 days;
(6) gather: early June plant branch start to gather in batches.
2. the method improving kale seed production quality and quantity as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the N:P:K of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is 15:15:15.
3. the method improving kale seed production quality and quantity as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the described wide 6-6.5m of steelframe booth, high 3.5-4.0m, described booth is covering fogging-resistance film by the end of December.
4. the method improving kale seed production quality and quantity as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described gathering is gathered according to maturity, and the standard of gathering is after spending 35 ~ 40 days, when the pod more than 70% on branch turns yellow, harvesting in every 5 ~ 7 days branch, mid or late June completes last harvesting, requires that the branch of each harvesting ventilates all in time and hangs after-ripening 2 ~ 3 days, airing threshing in time subsequently, selected clean after, shine dry storage.
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104885736A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-09-09 | 镇江鑫源达园艺科技有限公司 | Method for improving wild cabbage seed production yield |
| CN105052490B (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2017-07-28 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | A kind of method for improving kohlrabi production of hybrid seeds setting percentage |
| CN107148907A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-09-12 | 邢台双环种业有限公司 | Agricultural machinery agronomy integral type wild cabbage producing method for seed |
| CN112740965B (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-11-23 | 南京农业大学 | Annual color transfer method for non-heading Chinese cabbage' yellow rose |
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| CN102630450A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-08-15 | 重庆三峡农业科学院 | Cabbage type rape parent seed multiplication method |
| CN103155855A (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2013-06-19 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for improving hybrid seed production yield and quality of common head cabbages |
| CN103270870A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-09-04 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Parent propagation method capable of preventing viability of common head cabbage parent from declining |
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| CN102630450A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-08-15 | 重庆三峡农业科学院 | Cabbage type rape parent seed multiplication method |
| CN103155855A (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2013-06-19 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for improving hybrid seed production yield and quality of common head cabbages |
| CN103270870A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-09-04 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Parent propagation method capable of preventing viability of common head cabbage parent from declining |
| CN103461103A (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2013-12-25 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Breeding method of wavy Brassica oleracea var. acephala f. tricolor Hort. |
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Effective date of registration: 20180829 Address after: No. 112, NInghang Road, Jurong City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Patentee after: Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Hilly Region Address before: No. 112, NInghang Road, Jurong City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Patentee before: Ruifan Agricultural Gardening Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang City |
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Effective date of registration: 20201209 Address after: 214104 high tech agriculture demonstration park, anzhen street, Xishan District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: WUXI DIMODE BIOLOGICAL SEED INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 112, NInghang Road, Jurong City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Patentee before: JIANGSU FOOTHILL ZHENJIANG AGRICULTURE Research Institute |
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