CN108541582A - A kind of selection of winter sowing burdock new varieties - Google Patents
A kind of selection of winter sowing burdock new varieties Download PDFInfo
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- CN108541582A CN108541582A CN201810334712.5A CN201810334712A CN108541582A CN 108541582 A CN108541582 A CN 108541582A CN 201810334712 A CN201810334712 A CN 201810334712A CN 108541582 A CN108541582 A CN 108541582A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of selection of winter sowing burdock, it is maternal that the present invention, which is with No. 1 yellow skin edible burdock of new woods, heavenly steed 2012 is that male parent passes through cold-resistant screening, sexual hybridization, screening selection and breeding of further being resisted cold after hybridization form, the kind can be used for winter sowing, burdock fleshy root is golden yellow, early spring, bolting, early August to early October did not listed, 2000 to 2500 kilograms per acre of yield, 5% or less specification ratio S grades, 2M grades 8 to 10%, M grades 10 to 15%, L grades 40 to 45%, 2L grades 20 to 25%, 5 or less 3L grades.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is field of plant breeding, especially the selection of winter sowing burdock.
Background technology
Burdock has abundant nutritional ingredient, is exactly the dietetic food of integration of drinking and medicinal herbs since ancient times, edible with fleshy root,
Contain synanthrin, polysaccharide, saponin(e, flavonoid glycoside, dietary fiber, Polyphenols such as caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid and some aldehydes
Matter etc. is the important foreign exchange earning vegetables in China；China's burdock mainly has two kinds of modes of production of spring sowing and autumn sowing, and summer sowing burdock
It is difficult in the presence of emergence, the problems such as easy dead seedling, its summer sowing production is limited, spring sowing burdock is just setting rainy season due to Seedling Stage and is being easy the ditch that collapses,
Therefore peasant planting is not positive, and the autumn sowing burdock general sowing time, ripe Time To Market was general in mid-September to late October
For late June to late August, the general sowing time late March of spring sowing burdock to early April, ripe Time To Market late October
To early November, 8 the first tenday period of a month to early October do not have fresh burdock listing, although delay harvesting or freezer storage may be used to prolong
Long supply time, but extend harvesting burdock and also want continued growth down on the farm, burdock outgrowth can be made by extending harvesting, that is, when harvesting
Burdock diameter is too thick, it is hollow increase, skin crack influences use value, freezer antistaling storing is also due to the chaff heart, saccharification problem shadow
Product quality is rung, solves the problems, such as that burdock 8 the first tenday period of a month to early October lists without burdock, is extended except growth is adjusted using cultivation technique
Outside Time To Market, most efficient method be adjustment sowing time, due to the growth period of burdock be to a certain extent it is certain,
Only December or January sowing can just make burdock maturation Time To Market reach for 8 the first tenday period of a month to early October, but due to December or
January is the coldest season among 1 year, and traditional cultivation technique, traditional cultivar cannot be satisfied in cold winter sowing kind
Burdock, in order to solve this problem the suitable Winter Cultivation burdock kind of necessary selection and breeding one, is planted second is that formulating a set of suitable winter
The technical solution of training, the present invention are utilized by burdock parent kind low temperature resistant sieve under the cultivation condition of extreme cold in December
Choosing, by reciprocal cross screening by hybridization, selects in the burdock new product sowed suitable December to January, and resistance to according to burdock seed
The attribute of low temperature so that burdock Time To Market is more late than autumn sowing burdock more early than spring sowing burdock using winter type of seeding, and than spring sowing ox
Burdock yield height, accepted product percentage height, high financial profit simultaneously alleviate burdock stable market supply problem.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is overcoming prior art, carry out as follows：
A kind of selection of winter sowing burdock new varieties, including parent's cultivation technique, maternal emasculation, collecting method, feature exist
In being female parent with No. 1 yellow skin edible burdock of new woods, it is that male parent carries out sexual hybridization with heavenly steed 2012, carries out according to the following steps：
The purpose of this programme is to select the high yield burdock new varieties of suitable Winter Cultivation, No. 1 yellow skin edible burdock of parent Xin Lin and day
Horse 2012 does not have winter sowing attribute from the point of view of published technical data, and selection and breeding purpose removes the high yield for being suitble to Winter Cultivation
Should also have Calusena lansium, spring not attributes such as bolting outside kind, December and January are 1 year the coldest seasons, plant burdock at this time
The farming season limit is challenged, winter can plant burdock, and to answer this problem must understand first first, burdock seed
Low temperature resistant problem, second is that have to be understood that burdock seed for a long time in the case that low temperature and moisture rot problem, three be burdock seed low
Low temperature resistant problem after germination problem, followed by burdock germination and emergence under warm environment, we have done many experiments thus：
First seed cold test, by experiment known to burdock seed relative humidity 35 to 40%, temperature respectively -4 to -
5, -6 to -7, -8 to -9, -10 to -11, -12 to -13, -14 to -15, -16 to -17 days, -18 to -19, -20 to -21, -22
To store in the case of -23 constant temperature 4 days, 6 days, 8 days, 10 days, 12 days, 14 days, 16 days, 18 days, 20 days, 22 days, 24 days, 26 days,
28 days, 30 days, Seed germination germination percentage was carried out after storage and is almost no impact, that is to say, that cold winter temperature is low again
There will not be any influence to the germination percentage of burdock seed；It is suitble to the relative moisture of the soil of burdock growth 85 to 90%, in this way
High humidity alternating temperature ask in the case of on burdock seed and germination percentage have what influence, in order to ask this problem we done again it is relatively wet
The germination percentage high humidity alternating temperature pair that degree is 85 to 90%, temperature measures after being stored respectively 10 to 36 days under -4 to -23 DEG C of temperature match curing conditions
Burdock germination percentage influence experiment, by experiment known to temperature respectively -4 to 15, -6 to 15, -8 to 15, -10 to 15, -12 to
15, -14 to 15, -16 to 15 days, store in the case of -18 to 12, -20 to 15, -22 to 15 alternating temperatures 10 days, 12 days, 14 days, 16
It, 18 days, 20 days, 22 days, 24 days, 26 days, 28 days, 30 days, 32 days, 34 days, the germination percentage variations of 36 days burdocks be very greatly
, the 14th day at a temperature of -4 to 15 DEG C starts to germinate, and the 26th day bud can go out entirely, -22 to 15 DEG C then the 24th talent start to sprout,
36th talent goes out 45%, specific data are shown in Figure of description 2, and description of test burdock is in high humidity alternating temperature, and seed is no longer
Dormant state is kept, proper temperature will germinate, and temperature more high germination is faster；Temperature change is to the burdock seed storage time
It is influential, also have an impact to the speed of germination, is not found seed decay phenomenon in finite time；
The budding characteristics of burdock seed have been grasped by experiment, cultivation examination have been carried out to the plantation of winter sowing burdock in 2012 to 2015
Test, implantation time select respectively December 10, December 15, December 20, December 25, December 30, on January next year 5,
January 10, January 15, January 20；Record earth ridge 3-5 when being handled burdock seed before sowing, doing sowing, sowing
Minimum low temperature and highest low temperature after the soil moisture and the lowest temperature on the same day of centimetre depth, covering mulch in record mulch
It is continuous to record 30 days and calculate the minimum and maximum temperature in 30 days, emergence situation is observed and recorded, continues to observe and record after emergence
Minimum ground temperature highest ground temperature, observation burdock seedling growing state, experimental data are shown in Figure of description 3, as seen in Figure 3, from
Although emergence rate of 20 days December 10 to January next year, the 9 sowing batch minimum temperatures all in 0 DEG C or less but 30 days is all
After 90% or more, emergence in 30 days, December 10, December 15, December 20, on December 25 in these sowing time are average most
Low temperature is all at 0 DEG C hereinafter, other sowing time are all at 0 DEG C or more, since burdock seedling is not low temperature resistant, in low temperature condition after emergence
Lower to be easy to be freezed to death, only low temperature resistant seedling will not freeze to death, and lay the foundation for selection and breeding low-temperature tolerant cultivars；
（1）Maternal and male parent burdock seed mid or late December current year fine day the morning plays ditch sowing respectively, by 150 centimetres of line-spacing with
Burdock machine beats ditch, 80 to 90 centimetres of trench depth, self-assembling formation 40~50 cm one wide, high by 25 after beating ditch with burdock machine
Ridge is first treaded along the both sides on ridge with foot in the ridge of cm or so, then being treaded above ridge, or is made real along the both sides on ridge with spade；
（2）Seed treatment：First 1 day of sowing, by 10 milliliters of 10% imidacloprid, 1000 grams of the cold water for converting 5 to 10 DEG C plus 500 grams of oxen of wheat bran
350 grams of burdock seed is mixed evenly, and stands 45 minutes, drips moisture removal, is shone 3-4 hours under the sun, the sowing of traditional burdock
Method is that seed is first dipped into germination to sow, if the burdock seed that germination is sowed in the germination of winter sowing burdock again can be frozen and stubbornly refuse
It can emerge, dry sowing makes burdock seed slowly adapt to low temperature, and slowly water swelling is germinateed, and slowly adapting to low temperature will not be freezed to death；
（3）By processed seed by 10 to 15 centimetres of spacing in the rows along step（2）The earth ridge program request of formation, per one, cave, sowing
3 to 5 centimetres of depth plays ditch progress synchronous with sowing, and earthing is treaded with foot, or makes real covering mulch with spade, and selection is colourlessly
Film, mulch is 100 centimetres wide, and two bottom edges are compact with soil；
（4）After burdock emergence in after planting 30 to 35 days, selects the noon of fine day to raise mulch, last layer is uniformly spread on burdock earth ridge
7 straw, for protecting burdock seedling, autumn sowing burdock or spring sowing burdock can go out full stand for generally after planting 7 to 10 days, but winter sowing ox
Burdock, which takes 30 to 35 days, can just go out full stand, after emergence select fine day noon first open mulch, allow burdock seedling adaptation restrain oneself low temperature, cannot
Restraining oneself the burdock seedling of ground temperature can freeze to death, and survive seedling with respect to low-temperature-resistant, it is to protect to spread some straw on earth ridge
It protects delicate seedling and is blown down wound；
（5）Late March to early April temperature gos up, and clears up straw on burdock earth ridge, to left behind burdock by low-temperature treatment
Seedling is takeed good care of meticulously, is rejected weak seedling, sick seedling and is hindered seedling, and field planting distance is 30 to 50 centimetres, and carries out trickle irrigation guarantor to seedling
It is in liberal supply to demonstrate,prove rich water；The trickle irrigation is characterized by：Liquid manure using plastic conduit is passed through hair by rich water after being mixed in a certain ratio
Aperture or water dropper on pipe are sent to crop root and carry out localized irrigation；15 to 20 DEG C of dripping irrigation water water temperature, fertilizer solution by：Water：Urea：
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate：White vitriol：Borax is by weight=100:10 to 12:15 to 18：0.2 to 0.3：8 to 10 are formulated,
It is mixed by drip irrigation appliance in the ratio of irrigation water and fertilizer solution 10 to 1 and carries out trickle irrigation, use 200 to 250 kilograms of fertilizer solution per acre；
（6）Late August selects robust plant, disease-free burdock without insect pest to retain, and it is 100 to 120 centimetres to retain distance, remaining
It pulls out；
（7）The noon for selecting late October fine day cuts off great burdock leaf, retains 4 to 6 centimetres of aerial part, while spray on plants
It grows and adjusts, late November burdock earth ridge applies soil and burdock is covered, and the spray plant growth, which is adjusted, is characterized by：Water：It is short strong
Element：25% powder is embroidered would rather wet powder by weight=100：0.02 to 0.03：0.1 to 0.12 is formulated, traditional burdock meat
The method that matter root is reserved seed for planting is：Fleshy root harvesting storage softening is planted in selection good weather into field, and the purpose is to so that burdock is adopted
Deep-sleep after receiving, by after suspend mode middle spring could bolting bloom seedsetting, the advantages of this programme is by excision stem
Leaf sprays plant growth regulator on its surface, so that it is artificially entered suspend mode, due to not damaging burdock root system, next spring ox
Can be very vigorous when burdock germinating growth, hybrid seed yield also can be very higher than traditional；
（8）March gos up with temperature, and burdock starts germination and turns green, and sends out young leaves, and cooperation trickle irrigation imposes multi-elements composite fertilizer, promotees
It grows into overground part, after bolting, pinches when maternal plant tongue is 1.2 meters high；It pinches when 1.0 meters of paternal plant, the cooperation trickle irrigation
Multi-elements composite fertilizer is imposed to be characterized by：Fertilizer solution by：Water：Urea：White vitriol：Gibberellin is by weight=100：10 to
12：8 to 10：0.03 to 0.04 is formulated, and is dripped by drip irrigation appliance mixing in the ratio of irrigation water and fertilizer solution 10 to 1
It fills, uses 300 to 350 kilograms of fertilizer solution per acre；
（9）Reciprocal cross hybrid seeding, early June extract male parent and maternal first layer, the second layer, third layer every afternoon
All bouquets on side shoot select the 4th layer of maternal ripe bouquet to carry out manually plucking stamen, and emasculation is light, thorough, plucks
The stamen removed is made that pollen is spare, while pollen is made in the stamen for extracing male parent maturation bouquet, in the next morning male parent
Pollen goes to pollinate to male parent to going male maternal bouquet to pollinate with maternal pollen, to awarding powder after pollination
Bouquet carry out mark, isolation pocket is removed after three days on cover is grown with profit, extracts the bouquets of all no pollinations after pollination, seven
In the last ten-days period moon, bulb is constantly ripe, should harvest in batches, and the seed that female parent is received is orthogonal F1, and the seed that male parent is received is reciprocal cross F1,
After bulb concentration is dried, defect is removed in manually threshing, impurity elimination, then shines 2 days, and fully storage storage obtains cenospecies after drying
Sub- reciprocal cross F1；
（10）Breed breeding, reciprocal cross Hybrid F1, which carry out mixing December current year, to be beaten ditch and plants, 80 centimetres of line-spacing, ditch depth 80
To 90 centimetres, 6 to 8 centimetres of spacing in the rows, since March from record, select that frost resistance is good, robust plant, growth is prosperous
It contains, anti-anisotropic strong, vein is more, and the plant of spring not bolting carries out listed registration, after 7-August burdock maturations, is stepped on listed
The burdock fleshy root of main edible part is selected in the sample of note, select surface is smooth, golden yellow color color, root hair are small,
Without small holes caused by worms, without 10 plants high of plant of side shoot yield, be combined load kind, observation record carried out to plant, second year receives selfed seed
F2, and fragment plantation is carried out with December current year, record, selection, consistency, superseded bad field, next since seedling stage
Edible part is screened after year burdock harvesting and is further eliminated, the field that selection meets selection and breeding requirement is retained, with this
The corresponding F2 of field retains, and eliminates other F2 seeds, and 10 plants are selected in this field and carries out carrying out variety test of lines to obtain the final product
Winter sowing burdock new varieties；
Effect：January in burdock December to the coming year is sowed, and burdock fleshy root is golden yellow, early spring not bolting, early August to early October
Listing, 2000 to 2500 kilograms per acre of yield, specification ratio S grades 5% are hereinafter, 2M grades 8 to 10%, M grades 10 to 15%, L grades 40 to
45%, 2L grade 20 to 25%, 5 or less 3L grades.
Figure of description explanation:Attached drawing described herein as is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, composition pair
The improper restriction of the present invention;In the accompanying drawings
Figure of description 1：Winter sowing burdock breed breeding flow chart
Figure of description 2:Relative humidity is that 85 to 90%, temperature is stored 10 to 36 days respectively under -4 to -23 DEG C of temperature match curing conditions
The germination percentage measured afterwards
Figure of description 3:The different sowing times, sowing 60 days after burdock planting percent
Figure of description 4：The influence that different trickle irrigation rich water formulas grow burdock spire.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of selection of winter sowing burdock new varieties, including parent's selection and breeding, cultivation technique, maternal emasculation, collecting method,
Be characterized in that with No. 1 yellow skin edible burdock of new woods be female parent, with heavenly steed 2012 be male parent carry out sexual hybridization, according to the following steps into
Row：
（1）Maternal and male parent burdock seed mid or late December current year fine day the morning plays ditch sowing respectively, by 150 centimetres of line-spacing with
Burdock machine beats ditch, 80 to 90 centimetres of trench depth, self-assembling formation 40~50 cm one wide, high by 25 after beating ditch with burdock machine
Ridge is first treaded along the both sides on ridge with foot in the ridge of cm or so, then being treaded above ridge, or is made real along the both sides on ridge with spade；
（2）Seed treatment：First 1 day of sowing, by 10 milliliters of 10% imidacloprid, 1000 grams of the cold water for converting 5 to 10 DEG C plus 500 grams of oxen of wheat bran
350 grams of burdock seed is mixed evenly, and stands 45 minutes, drips moisture removal, is shone 3-4 hours under the sun；
（3）By processed seed by 10 to 15 centimetres of spacing in the rows along step（2）The earth ridge program request of formation, per one, cave, sowing
3 to 5 centimetres of depth plays ditch progress synchronous with sowing, and earthing is treaded with foot, or makes real covering mulch with spade, and selection is colourlessly
Film, mulch is 100 centimetres wide, and two bottom edges are compact with soil；
（4）After burdock emergence in after planting 30 to 35 days, selects the noon of fine day to raise mulch, last layer is uniformly spread on burdock earth ridge
7 straw, for protecting burdock seedling；
（5）Late March to early April temperature gos up, and clears up straw on burdock earth ridge, to left behind burdock by low-temperature treatment
Seedling is takeed good care of meticulously, is rejected weak seedling, sick seedling and is hindered seedling, and field planting distance is 30 to 50 centimetres, and carries out trickle irrigation guarantor to seedling
It is in liberal supply to demonstrate,prove rich water；
（6）Late August selects robust plant, disease-free burdock without insect pest to retain, and it is 100 to 120 centimetres to retain distance, remaining
It pulls out；
（7）The noon for selecting late October fine day cuts off great burdock leaf, retains 4 to 6 centimetres of aerial part, while spray on plants
Growth is adjusted, and late November burdock earth ridge applies soil and burdock is covered；
（8）March gos up with temperature, and burdock starts germination and turns green, and sends out young leaves, and cooperation trickle irrigation imposes multi-elements composite fertilizer, promotees
It grows into overground part, after bolting, pinches when maternal plant tongue is 1.2 meters high；It pinches when 1.0 meters of paternal plant；
（9）Reciprocal cross hybrid seeding, early June extract male parent and maternal first layer, the second layer, third layer every afternoon
All bouquets on side shoot select the 4th layer of maternal ripe bouquet to carry out manually plucking stamen, and emasculation is light, thorough, plucks
The stamen removed is made that pollen is spare, while pollen is made in the stamen for extracing male parent maturation bouquet, in the next morning male parent
Pollen goes to pollinate to male parent to going male maternal bouquet to pollinate with maternal pollen, to awarding powder after pollination
Bouquet carry out mark, isolation pocket is removed after three days on cover is grown with profit, extracts the bouquets of all no pollinations after pollination, seven
In the last ten-days period moon, bulb is constantly ripe, should harvest in batches, and the seed that female parent is received is orthogonal F1, and the seed that male parent is received is reciprocal cross F1,
After bulb concentration is dried, defect is removed in manually threshing, impurity elimination, then shines 2 days, and fully storage storage obtains cenospecies after drying
Sub- reciprocal cross F1；
（10）Breed breeding, reciprocal cross Hybrid F1, which carry out mixing December current year, to be beaten ditch and plants, 80 centimetres of line-spacing, ditch depth 80
To 90 centimetres, 6 to 8 centimetres of spacing in the rows, since March from record, select that frost resistance is good, robust plant, growth is prosperous
It contains, anti-anisotropic strong, vein is more, and the plant of spring not bolting carries out listed registration, after 7-August burdock maturations, is stepped on listed
The burdock fleshy root of main edible part is selected in the sample of note, select surface is smooth, golden yellow color color, root hair are small,
Without small holes caused by worms, without 10 plants high of plant of side shoot yield, be combined load kind, observation record carried out to plant, second year receives selfed seed
F2, and fragment plantation is carried out with December current year, record, selection, consistency, superseded bad field, next since seedling stage
Edible part is screened after year burdock harvesting and is further eliminated, the field that selection meets selection and breeding requirement is retained, with this
The corresponding F2 of field retains, and eliminates other F2 seeds, and 10 plants are selected in this field and carries out carrying out variety test of lines to obtain the final product
Winter sowing burdock new varieties.
2. trickle irrigation described in claim 1 step 5 is characterized by：Rich water is led to liquid manure using plastic conduit after being mixed in a certain ratio
The aperture or water dropper crossed on hollow billet are sent to crop root and carry out localized irrigation；15 to 20 DEG C of dripping irrigation water water temperature, fertilizer solution by：Water：
Urea：Potassium dihydrogen phosphate：White vitriol：Borax is by weight=100:10 to 12:15 to 18：0.2 to 0.3：8 to 10 prepare
It forms, is mixed by drip irrigation appliance in the ratio of irrigation water and fertilizer solution 10 to 1 and carry out trickle irrigation, use fertilizer solution 200 to 250 public per acre
Jin.
It is characterized by 3. spray plant growth described in claim 1 step 7 is adjusted：Water：Cycocel：25% powder embroidery would rather moist powder
Agent is by weight=100：0.02 to 0.03：0.1 to 0.12 is formulated.
4. coordinating trickle irrigation to impose multi-elements composite fertilizer described in claim 1 step 8 to be characterized by：Fertilizer solution by：Water：Urea：Seven
Water zinc sulphate：Gibberellin is by weight=100：10 to 12：8 to 10：0.03 to 0.04 is formulated, by irrigation water and fertilizer solution
10 to 1 ratio is mixed by drip irrigation appliance and carries out trickle irrigation, uses 300 to 350 kilograms of fertilizer solution per acre.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111248045A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-06-09 | 徐州康汇百年食品有限公司 | Spring sowing burdock double-row cultivation method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111248045A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-06-09 | 徐州康汇百年食品有限公司 | Spring sowing burdock double-row cultivation method |
| CN111248045B (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-12-28 | 徐州康汇百年食品有限公司 | Spring sowing burdock double-row cultivation method |
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| CN108541582B (en) | 2022-01-04 |
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