CN105230478A - Breeding method for early-maturing yellow-peel arctium lappa - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a breeding method for early-maturing yellow-peel arctium lappa. The method comprises the following steps: hybridizing XinLin I yellow-peel arctium lappa which is used as a female parent with Tenma 2012 which is used as a male parent, and breeding through a systemic breeding method after hybridization. The early-maturing yellow-peel arctium lappa is early-maturing, and is nonbolting in spring; the edible part of the early-maturing yellow-peel arctium lappa is golden yellow in flesh root peel, smooth, less in root hair, beautiful, high in production value, free from hollowness, high in yield, wide in adaptability and large in leaf area; the early-maturing yellow-peel arctium lappa has nine leaf veins which are beneficial to photosynthesis and uptake transformation; the bolting rate in spring is less than 0.1%, the bolting rate in spring during protected cultivation in winter is less than 0.5%, and the time to market is brought forward by 20 days.

Description

A kind of selection of precocious yellow skin edible burdock

Technical field

The present invention is the producing method for seed of field of plant breeding, particularly yellow skin edible burdock.

Background technology

Burdock is feverfew, and nutritious is a kind of integration of drinking and medicinal herbs health vegetables.All there is wild distribution in China from northeast to southwest, and commercialization plantation, the principal item of current burdock has: glutinous rehmannia, white muscle greatly enhance, white muscle early life, the desirable new woods No. 1 of Liu Chuan etc., after these kinds are planted year after year, the edible original color and luster of part fleshy root, fragrance and nutrition are degenerated, color of the leather is dim, and proportion reduces, and does not reach the requirement of client to quality.The color and luster of the fleshy root of same burdock is obstructed and change according to the soil of cultivation, clayed soil shows as talks yellow, the blackland in northeast shows as white, the sandy loam of the Huanghe valley shows as brown, the blackland planting cost in clayed soil and northeast is relatively high, the most general with sandy loam plantation at present, but the bad image of burdock color of the leather of sandy loam plantation is attractive in appearance, outlet, sell and be all subject to certain impact, be bred as out storage endurance, output is high, the new varieties of epidermis color and luster wide adaptability are particularly important, Xuzhou J.A Tianma Food Co., Ltd. in 2003 has selected and has adapted to the very strong new woods of burdock new varieties No. 1, more than ten years have gone over kind very serious degeneration, be mainly manifested in disease resistance difference, output declines year by year, also easily invaded food by soil insect due to fleshy root sugar content height and affect use value, within 2012, Xuzhou J.A Tianma Food Co., Ltd. discloses a kind of selection (publication number: 102742497A) of yellow skin edible burdock, it is characterized in that providing a kind of makes female parent with wild kind yellow skin edible burdock, TM2001-3 is that male parent is through hybridization, seed selection is turned out at sandy loam plantation burdock golden yellow color look, the producing method for seed of the burdock new varieties of high yield storage endurance, the feature of yellow skin edible burdock is that water content is high, sugar content is high, disease resistance is low, not resistance to worm, spring easy bolting, especially go on the market the easier bolting of Protectorate cultivation in advance that adopt, reduce output, solve the bolting in early spring of yellow skin edible burdock, high yield, disease resistance, insect resistance is agricultural science and technology worker problem demanding prompt solution.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is the shortcoming overcoming prior art, carry out as follows:

1. the selection of parent is selected the new woods of yellow skin edible burdock kind No. 1 of sandy loam plantation burdock golden yellow color look, storage endurance is maternal, this parent is applicant's seed selection in 2003 and passes through the kind of authorization, select there is disease-resistant storage endurance and be applicable to the burdock new varieties heavenly steed 2012 of Protectorate cultivation in winter for male parent, this parent is the new varieties of applicant's seed selection, this kind has Protectorate cultivation in disease-resistant pest-resistant applicable winter, add the planting environment of booth at mulch film under, spring, bolting rate was less than 0.5%;

2.. parental seed cultivation, mid or late November plays ditch sowing respectively then for female parent and male parent burdock seed, ditch is beaten with burdock machine by line-spacing 80 centimetres, east-west direction beats ditch, ditch depth 30 to 35 centimetres, understands the rib of self-assembling formation wide 20 ~ 30cm, high about 10cm after beating ditch, water in ridge after beating ditch, rib is sunk naturally, fills ditch with water, wait water naturally to consume down and with rib, ditch is filled up; One deck pesticide-clay mixture is spread two days later in the original place beating ditch, pesticide-clay mixture is with the subsoil dried and 10% imidacloprid wettable powder soil by weight: 10% imidacloprid wettable powder=100:1.0-1.2 are formulated, beat ditch place with burdock ditching machine originally again and beat ditch, about degree of depth 1.1m.After beating ditch, self-assembling formation wide 40 ~ 50cm, the ridge of high about 25cm, first with the both sides of pin along ridge, ridge is treaded, tread above ridge again, or make real with the both sides of spade along ridge, the ditch in case collapse when raining, burdock is caused to produce deformity, burdock seed is in the centre of earth ridge, spacing in the rows 5 to 7 centimetres, the benefit one that secondary beats ditch be can ensure burdock whole vegetative period moisture in liberal supply, two is that soil density in ditch is close relative to once making hook, the possibility of ditch of collapsing when rainwater is relatively little, thus ensure that output and the quality of burdock, carry out observation seedling stage in spring to record, select blade vein many, grow vigorous, damage by disease and insect is few and pull out the plant with damage by disease and insect, reject the plant with bolting,

3. parent's fleshy root cultivation, Second Year to be gathered burdock mid-September, select new woods No. 1 yellow skin edible burdock, length more than 80 centimetres, diameter more than 3.0 centimetres, smooth surface, anosis insect bite, without nematode, the few flavous fleshy root of epidermis of root hair is maternal breeding, select length more than 70 centimetres, diameter more than 3 centimetres, smooth surface, anosis insect bite, heavenly steed 2012 burdock fleshy root without nematode is male parent, burdock parent stays the cauline leaf of 2 to 3 centimeter length, redundance excises, air dry is felt like jelly to burdock fleshy root, retain the length 45 to 50 centimetres of burdock fleshy root, unnecessary afterbody excision, burdock airing can be sterilized, kill surperficial pest, burdock also can be made to enter of short duration dormancy and to control Overwintering Growth, late September selects fertile soil, use sufficient base manure, isolation of digging pit respectively is cultivated, maternal line-spacing 1.4 to 1.5 meters, spacing in the rows 1.2 to 1.4 meters, male parent line-spacing 1.2 meters, spacing in the rows 1.1 meters, winter with in canopy to add plastic mulching antifreeze, spring gos up along with temperature, burdock starts to turn green, send out young leaves, be suitable for canopy in removing in three months, mulch film, the last ten-days period in March, impose multi-elements composite fertilizer, water flood immediately one time, promote overground part growth, after bolting, pinch when high 1.2 meters of maternal plant tongue, pinch during paternal plant 1.0 meters, plant for not bolting is all pulled out,

4. hybrid seeding, within 1 week before burdock is bloomed, spray burdock inflorescence with the 6-benzyl aminopurine solution of 120mg/L, early June starts, extract first bouquet on maternal ground floor side shoot every afternoon, on second layer side shoot first, second bouquet, maternal ripe bouquet is selected to carry out artificial emasculation, emasculation wants light, want thoroughly, the stamen simultaneously gathering the ripe bouquet of male parent makes pollen, in the next morning, the pollen of male parent was pollinated to removing the bouquet of male female parent, after pollination, mark is carried out to the bouquet awarding powder, on cover, isolation pocket took off in order to growth after three days, sowing, the last ten-days period in July start, plant ball constantly ripe, meet overcast and rainy causing for preventing ripe kind ball in advance to go mouldy, should gather in batches, after concentrated for kind ball drying, use manual operation threshing, defect is removed in impurity elimination, shine 2 days again, put storage after abundant drying in storage and namely obtain hybrid seed F1,

5. breed breeding, the Hybrid F1 that claim 3 obtains is planted then 10-November, observe from seedling stage and record, select robust plant, grow vigorous, the plant that the anti-opposite sex is strong carries out registration of listing, spring next year is selected anosis, without worm, not bolting, the plant that vein is many carries out secondary and to list registration, after 7-August burdock maturation, again to secondary list registration plant mainly edible part fleshy root select, select smooth surface, golden yellow color look, root hair is little, anosis worm, without plant 10 strain of side shoot, carry out listing combining to carry and plant, burdock stays the cauline leaf of 2 to 3 centimeter length, redundance excises, air dry is felt like jelly to burdock fleshy root, retain the length 45 to 50 centimetres of burdock fleshy root, unnecessary afterbody excision, late September selects fertile soil, use sufficient base manure, isolation of digging pit respectively is cultivated, line-spacing 1.4 to 1.5 meters, spacing in the rows 1.2 to 1.4 meters, winter with in canopy to add plastic mulching antifreeze, carry out observation to plant to record, spring gos up along with temperature, burdock starts to turn green, send out young leaves, be suitable for canopy in removing in three months, mulch film, impose multi-elements composite fertilizer, water flood immediately one time, promote overground part growth, after bolting, pinch when high 1.2 meters of plant tongue, pull out the plant of not bolting, in July, the 3rd receives selfed seed F2, the selfed seed of every strain results is numbered separately and is deposited, and with in carrying out burst plantation 9-October then, every sheet sample kind 500, 300 are retained after thinning, unnecessary seed is sealed up for safekeeping, observe and record emergence rate, the uniformity of the various proterties of plant, eliminate the field that proterties is inconsistent, continue spring next year to eliminate containing ill, insect pest, bolting, the field that vein is few, after 7-August burdock maturation, again remaining sample field burdock fleshy root is selected, select smooth surface, golden yellow color look, colony's color and luster is consistent, root hair is little, anosis worm, without side shoot, the field that colony's shape is consistent, retain with the F2 seed that this field is corresponding, eliminate other F2 seed, select 10 strains to carry out in this field new varieties that namely variety test of lines obtains burdock, see Fig. 1 production of hybrid seeds flow chart, effect: this kind eats part, fleshy root epidermis color and luster shows as faint yellow at clayed soil, show as golden yellow at the sandy loam of the Huanghe valley, smooth, root hair is few, attractive in appearance, commodity value is high, and moisture is high, not the chaff heart, wide adaptability, leaf area is large, and vein 9 is conducive to photosynthesis and sorption enhanced, and spring, bolting rate was less than 0.1%, Protectorate cultivation in winter bolting in spring rate is less than 0.5%, and Time To Market shifts to an earlier date 20 days.

Figure of description explanation

fig. 1 production of hybrid seeds flow chart.

Claims (4)

1. a selection for yellow skin edible burdock, comprises parent's seed selection, culture technique, maternal emasculation, collecting method, to it is characterized in that with new woods No. 1 yellow skin edible burdock, for female parent, with heavenly steed 2012 for male parent carries out sexual hybridization, carrying out according to the following steps:

Parental seed is cultivated, mid or late November plays ditch sowing respectively then for female parent and male parent burdock seed, ditch is beaten with burdock machine by line-spacing 80 centimetres, ditch depth 30 to 35 centimetres, understand the rib of self-assembling formation wide 20 ~ 30cm, high about 10cm after beating ditch, water in ridge after beating ditch, rib is sunk naturally, fill ditch with water, wait water naturally to consume down and with rib, ditch is filled up, one deck sterilization soil is spread two days later in the original place beating ditch, sterilization soil is with the subsoil dried and 10% imidacloprid wettable powder soil by weight: 10% imidacloprid wettable powder=100:1.0-1.2 are formulated, beat ditch place with burdock ditching machine originally again and beat ditch, about degree of depth 1.1m, after beating ditch with burdock machine, self-assembling formation wide 40 ~ 50cm, the ridge of high about 25cm, first with the both sides of pin along ridge, ridge is treaded, tread above ridge again, or make real with the both sides of spade along ridge, the ditch in case collapse when raining, burdock is caused to produce deformity, burdock seed is in the centre of earth ridge, spacing in the rows 5 to 7 centimetres.

2. parent's burdock fleshy root cultivation, Second Year late September gathers burdock, select new woods No. 1 yellow skin edible burdock, length more than 80 centimetres, the fleshy root that diameter is more than 2.5 centimetres is maternal breeding, select length more than 70 centimetres, the heavenly steed 2012 burdock fleshy root that diameter is more than 3.0 centimetres is male parent, fertile soil is selected in late September, use sufficient base manure, isolate cultivation respectively, maternal line-spacing 1.4 to 1.5 meters, spacing in the rows 1.2 to 1.4 meters, male parent line-spacing 1.2 meters, spacing in the rows 1.1 meters, canopy in using winter, plastic mulching is antifreeze, spring gos up along with temperature, burdock starts to turn green, send out young leaves, canopy in being suitable for the beginning of March to remove, mulch film, mid-March, impose multi-elements composite fertilizer, water flood immediately one time, promote overground part growth, after bolting, pinch when high 1.2 meters of maternal plant tongue, pinch during paternal plant 1.0 meters.

3. hybrid seeding, early June starts, extract first bouquet on maternal ground floor side shoot every afternoon, on second layer side shoot first, second bouquet, maternal ripe bouquet is selected to carry out artificial emasculation, emasculation wants light, want thoroughly, the stamen simultaneously gathering the ripe bouquet of male parent makes pollen, in the next morning, the pollen of male parent was pollinated to removing the bouquet of male female parent, after pollination, mark is carried out to the bouquet awarding powder, on cover, isolation pocket took off in order to growth after three days, sowing, the last ten-days period in July start, plant ball constantly ripe, meet overcast and rainy causing for preventing ripe kind ball in advance to go mouldy, should gather in batches, after concentrated for kind ball drying, use manual operation threshing, defect is removed in impurity elimination, shine 2 days again, put storage after abundant drying in storage and namely obtain hybrid seed F1.

4. breed breeding, the Hybrid F1 obtained claim 3 carries out mixing then 10-November and plays ditch plantation, line-spacing 80 centimetres, ditch depth 80 to 90 centimetres, spacing in the rows 6 to 8 centimetres, observe from tri-leaf period and record, select robust plant, grow vigorous, the anti-opposite sex is strong, vein is many, spring, the plant of not bolting carried out registration of listing, after 7-August of next year burdock maturation, in the sample of registration of listing, the burdock fleshy root of main edible part is selected, select smooth surface, golden yellow color look, root hair is little, without small holes caused by worms, without plant 10 strain that side shoot output is high, carry out combination year to plant, carry out observation to plant to record, within 3rd year, receive selfed seed F2, and with in carrying out burst plantation 9-October then, record from seedling stage, select, uniformity, eliminate bad field, carry out screening to edible part after within 4th year, burdock is gathered to eliminate further, the field meeting seed selection requirement is selected to retain, retain with the F2 that this field is corresponding, eliminate other F2 seeds, in this field, select 10 strains carry out the new varieties that namely variety test of lines obtains burdock.