CN101129127A - Squash hybridization seed producing method for seed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a hybrid producing method of hybrid pumpkin seeds, which is characterized by the following: doing parental generation breeding; selecting ground to separate; grading; fertilizing; germinating; sowing; crossing; pollinating; harvesting seed; obtaining the seed of the pumpkin with big seed piece and transverse radius at 12mm and longitude radius at 22mm; making the even producing quantity of the seed at 250-300 with consistent seed size, strong disease-resistant property and stable production.

Description

Squash hybridization seed producing method for seed

Technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of squash hybridization seed producing method for seed of crop breeding.

Background technology:

At present, because the time of seed-use pumpkin (being commonly called as white melon seeds) establishing in large scale is not long, so the seed-use pumpkin improved seeds are few, mostly be farm variety or conventional variety, some kinds of having promoted relatively mix, fruit shape, color of the leather, seed type are inconsistent, the field plant regularity, leaf, leaf look exists than big-difference, and disease resistance is poor, the output instability has seriously restricted the production exploitation of seed-use pumpkin.

Summary of the invention:

The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, a kind of squash hybridization seed producing method for seed is provided, its knot melon is many, the seed unanimity, and disease-resistant performance is good.The object of the present invention is achieved like this, and squash hybridization seed producing method for seed carries out according to the following steps.

Parent's seed selection: female parent is the stable inbred line that selects in a plurality of breeding materials from the indica-type pumpkin, the plant growing way is medium, first female flower joint position 7-8 joint, fruit oblateness, silver gray, the heavy 2.5-3.0kg of single melon, single melon seed number 300-350 grain is planted length of a film 25mm, wide 11mm, 100-grain weight 27.3g, more anti-eqpidemic disease; The offspring of isozygotying that male parent is separated through field trial selfing for many years, the plant growing way is strong, first female flower joint position 11-12 joint, fruit is high circular, shagreen, the fruit face has 14-16 bar shallow ridges, the heavy 4-4.5kg of single melon, about single melon seed number 150 seeds, plant length of a film 18mm, wide 14mm plants sheet and slightly is oval, 100-grain weight 55g, high mildew-resistance.The selection physical features is higher, and soil layer is deep, and geology is loose, the plot that irrigation condition is good, and rich clay, pumpkin should not be planted in the saline land; The crop rotation of choosing stubble, the plantation pumpkin is best with wheat, five meters stubbles, selects soybean stubble plantation pumpkin, must find out whether used Pu Shite in 3 years, the grand contour residual hazard weed killer herbicide of beans sulphur, and pumpkin is avoided continuous cropping and is met stubble, and the crop rotation time limit should be controlled at more than 5 years; Isolated area is set, around seed farm, can not plants any other pumpkin variety in 1000 meters scopes.Preferably the autumn ploughs on whole ground, the autumn ridging, early spring, ridging was suitable early unsuitable late, preferably the top slurry is beaten the ridge, plays suppression in time behind the ridge, 45000 kilograms of per hectare applicationss of farmyard manure, chemical fertilizer is advisable with diammonium phosphate, multi-component composite fertilizer, per hectare consumption 150-225 kilogram, 12 kilograms of the warriors of loosening the soil are manured into soil or spread manuer in holes with the farmyard manure mixing; With the bacterium sword evil spirit seed soaking that disappears, ratio is that one milliliter of medicine adds water 500g, and the sub-500g that soaks seed soaked seed 3-5 hour, put into illumination box, and the oven temperature, degree is advisable with 25-30 ℃, stirs once in about 4 hours, and the long 0.5cm of bud can sow after 24-36 hour.Sowing date: male parent will shift to an earlier date sowing in 5-7 days than female parent, and general male parent should be sowed about May 10, and female parent was sowed-18 days on the 15th May, 120 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings of every mu of ground of male parent, the 1200-1400 strain of keeping a full stand of seedings of maternal every mu of ground, the general line-spacing of planting density is 130-135cm, spacing in the rows is 35-40cm.Every hole 1-2kg that waters, every 10kg water is put into the 2ml warrior's aqua that loosens the soil, after treating that water oozes down, every hole is emitted bud seed 1-2 grain, and click and enter two ammonium 10g, seed will separate 5cm with chemical fertilizer, earthing 2-3cm, can add the sharp boomerangs of 1500 times of liquid and 500 times of liquid fenaminosulf in watering, covering with plastic film will in time leak informaton and draw seedling, when two cotyledons expansion of seedling, temperature rises to about 25 ℃, and the hole of pricking a thick fingers on the mulch film at 3-6cm place, seedling north side is aeration-cooling, when late frost has been crossed the stable rising of temperature, the melon seedling is drawn outside the film, bury sternly with fine earth around the shoot root, be short of seedling and in time fill the gaps with seedlings; Male parent need not be pruned, the single climing training of maternal employing, suitable climing to the same side, keep main climing, lateral bine all removes, unopened male flower bud is all extractd, the male parent impurity elimination, before artificial pollination 2-3 days, the strain inspection will be pursued in the male parent field, found that assorted strain thoroughly pulls out, male parent is considered as assorted strain with there are differences, recognize the unclear plant that maybe can't confirm, can not should pull out that male parent is in pollination dusk the previous day as male parent, gather and to open loose and full male flower bud next day, place in the vessel with cover, used in second day, pollinating noon before that day, the female flower corolla that female parent will be opened is fastened knot that can be undone by a pull with cord, in second day morning, when appearring in the male flower pistil in the vessel, pollen can pollinate, during pollination, unclamp and tie up to the female cord of taking, touch lightly on the column cap of maternal female flower with the pistil of male parent male flower and to smear, pollen is smeared full column cap equably, every male flower can be awarded 2-3 female flower, with rope corolla is fastened again after the pollination, do eye-catching mark at female flower carpopodium base portion subsequently, discovery is not cord and open female flower in the middle of the pollination, or cord gets loose and exposes the female flower of column cap in back two days of pollination, can not be as kind of a melon, extract without exception, seed collection generally after pollination 50-60 days, fruit reach abundant to carry out when ripe, kind of melon is the maturation sign pinch not advance with finger, the kind melon is deposited after 10-15 days and is got seed after plucking, and accomplishes with cutting melon, with drawing seed, with cleaning, with airing, not overnight, dry the back seed and carry out selection by winnowing, pick out impurity, the deformity grain, behind damaged seed and the flat grain, pack is preserved and is got final product.The seed-use pumpkin that adopts this squash hybridization seed producing method for seed to select, the kind sheet is big, plants the average 12mm of sheet transverse diameter, vertical footpath 22mm slightly is microscler, and the knot melon is many, field in 2005 is tied the melon rate naturally and can be reached 100%, and single melon seeds grain is many, and average single melon produces seed and counts the 250-300 grain, high benefit, the per hectare output value can reach ten thousand yuan of 1-1.5, plant forms unanimity, fruit shape unanimity, the color of the leather unanimity is planted sheet size unanimity, disease-resistant performance is strong, stable yield.

Be most preferred embodiment of the present invention below:

Parent's seed selection, female parent be from the indica-type pumpkin through field trial directive breeding for many years, Nan Fanbei educates, from a plurality of breeding materials, the stable inbred line that selects, its main shape: the plant growing way is medium, first female flower joint position 7-8 joint, fruit oblateness, silver gray, the heavy 2.5-3.0kg of single melon, single melon seed number 300-350 seed is planted length of a film 25mm, wide 11mm, 100-grain weight 27.3g, more anti-eqpidemic disease, male parent are the offsprings of isozygotying who separates from field trial selfing for many years, the plant growing way is strong, first female flower joint position 11-12 joint, fruit is high circular, shagreen, the fruit face has 14-16 bar shallow ridges, the heavy 4-4.5kg of single melon, about 150 of single melon seed number are planted length of a film 18mm, wide 14mm, plant sheet and slightly be oval, 100-grain weight 55g, high mildew-resistance; The drought-enduring fearness waterlogging of pumpkin, like slant acidity soil, the plantation pumpkin should select physical features higher, soil layer is deep, and geology is loose, the plot that irrigation condition is good, rich clay, pumpkin should not be planted in the saline land, should select a batch crop rotation, and the plantation pumpkin is with wheat, the corn stubble is best, select soybean stubble plantation pumpkin, must find out and whether use Pu Shite in 3 years, beans sulphur swells contour residual hazard weed killer herbicide, to avoid poisoning, and pumpkin is avoided continuous cropping and met stubble, the crop rotation time limit should be controlled at more than 5 years, for guaranteeing seed purity, isolated area is set, around seed farm, can not plant any other pumpkin variety in 1000 meters scopes; For guaranteeing soil moisture content, preferably the autumn is ploughed the autumn ridging during whole ground, early spring, ridging was suitable early unsuitable late, and preferably the top slurry is beaten the ridge, plays suppression in time behind the ridge, lost to prevent soil moisture, the pumpkin well developed root system, fertilizer requirement is big, 45000 kilograms of general per hectare applicationss of farmyard manure, chemical fertilizer is advisable with diammonium phosphate, multi-component composite fertilizer, and per hectare consumption 150-225 kilogram is best with 200 kilograms, 12 kilograms of the warriors (800g15 bag) that loosen the soil are manured into soil or spread manuer in holes with the farmyard manure mixing; With the bacterium sword evil spirit seed soaking that disappears, ratio is that one milliliter of medicine adds water 500g, and the sub-500g that soaks seed soaked seed 3-5 hour, put into illumination box, and the oven temperature, degree is advisable with 25-30 ℃, and 27 ℃ is best, stirs once in about 4 hours, and the long 0.5cm of bud can sow after 24-36 hour.Sowing date, male parent will shift to an earlier date 5-7 days than female parent, and general male parent should be sowed about May 10, and female parent was sowed-18 days on the 15th May, 120 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings of every mu of ground of male parent, the 1200-1400 strain of keeping a full stand of seedings of maternal every mu of ground, 1300 young plants are best, the general line-spacing of planting density is 130-135cm, spacing in the rows is 35-40cm, for guaranteeing full stand one time, every hole 1-2kg that waters, every 10kg water put into the 2ml warrior's aqua that loosens the soil, after treating that water oozes down, every hole is emitted bud seed 1-2 grain, and clicks and enters two ammonium 10g, and seed will separate 5cm with chemical fertilizer, in case burning seedling, earthing 2-3cm, for preventing damage by disease and insect, can add the sharp boomerangs of 1500 times of liquid and 500 times of liquid fenaminosulf in watering, if employing plastic mulching, covering film at once after planting, mulch film must be evened up, stretching, tension, tight compacting is buried with wet soil in both sides; Covering with plastic film will in time leak informaton and draw seedling, when two cotyledons expansion of seedling, when temperature rises to 25 ℃ of left and right sides, the hole of pricking a thick fingers on the mulch film at 3-6cm place, seedling north side is aeration-cooling, guarantee that seedling do not get mildewed in warm conditions, do not burn seedling, when late frost has crossed that temperature is stable to raise, in time the melon seedling is drawn outside the film, bury sternly with fine earth around the shoot root, be short of seedling and will in time fill the gaps with seedlings, when the seed-breeding field after planting, educate the part seedling by a certain percentage in vacant lot, in time transplant in case occur being short of seedling; Male parent can be pruned, the single climing training of maternal employing, suitable climing to the same side, keep main climing, lateral bine all removes, that removes is more early thorough more good more, unopened male flower bud is all extractd, help improving seed purity like this, the male parent impurity elimination, before artificial pollination 2-3 days, the male parent field is by the strain inspection, the strain of finding to mix is thoroughly pulled out, male parent is considered as assorted strain with there are differences, recognize the unclear plant that maybe can't confirm, can not should pull out as male parent, male parent is in artificial pollination dusk the previous day, gather and to open loose and full male flower bud next day, place in the vessel with cover, used in second day, pollinating noon before that day, the female flower corolla that female parent will be opened is fastened knot that can be undone by a pull with cord, in second day morning, when appearring in the male flower pistil in the vessel, pollen can pollinate, during pollination, unclamp and tie up to the female cord of taking, corolla is fully launched, touch lightly on the column cap of maternal female flower with the pistil of male parent male flower and smear, pollen is smeared full column cap equably, can improve the pollination rate like this, promote fruit growth and increase single melon seed number, general every male flower can be awarded 2-3 female flower, with rope corolla is fastened after the pollination again, do eye-catching mark at female flower carpopodium base portion subsequently, look into the fruit of converting artificial pollination during so that gather, discovery is not cord and open female flower in the middle of the pollination, or cord gets loose and exposes the female flower of column cap in back two days of pollination, can not extract without exception as kind of a melon; Seed collection generally after pollination 50-60 days, with 55 days was best, when reaching maturation, fruit carries out, planting melon is the maturation sign to pinch to advance with finger nail, wants conscientious kind melon and the abnormity of clearing up the mark of not pollinating meticulously before gathering, heterochromatic assorted melon, the kind melon is deposited after 10-15 days and is got seed after plucking, with 12 days was best, in order to after-ripening, do a good job of it airing work, accomplish with cutting melon, with drawing seed, with cleaning,, not overnight with airing, take the liftoff unsettled airing of rack and can improve seed quality, dry the back seed and carry out selection by winnowing, pick out impurity, the deformity grain, behind broken kernel and the flat grain, pack is preserved and is got final product.

Claims (1)

1. squash hybridization seed producing method for seed is characterized in that:

A, maternal seed selection, female parent is the stable inbred line that selects in a plurality of breeding materials from the indica-type pumpkin, and the plant growing way is medium, first female flower joint position 7-8 joint, the fruit oblateness, silver gray, the heavy 2.5-3.0kg of single melon, single melon seed number 300-350 seed, plant length of a film 25mm, wide 11mm, the seed of 100-grain weight 27.3g, more anti-eqpidemic disease;

B, male parent seed selection, male parent are the offsprings of isozygotying who separates from field trial selfing for many years, and the plant growing way is strong, first female flower joint position 11-12 joint, fruit is high circular, shagreen, the fruit face has 14-16 bar shallow ridges, the heavy 4-4.5kg of single melon, about 150 of single melon seed number are planted length of a film 18mm, wide 14mm, plant sheet and slightly be oval, the seed of 100-grain weight 55g, high mildew-resistance;

C, the above-mentioned female parent that selects, male parent seed are isolated site preparation and fertilization, vernalization sowing, hybridization pollination, the extermination of disease and insect pest, seed collection and the seed-use pumpkin cultivated through choosing ground.