CN104663169A - Perillaseed planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a perillaseed planting method, comprising selection and preparation of land, fertilizer application, seed treatment and sowing, field management and harvesting; the perillaseed planting method is characterized by comprising the steps: stubbles are required to be cleaned manually or mechanically in land preparation; after being harrowed for twice, the land is ridged and rolled to achieve a good seeding state with fine soil and without residual stubbles and soil blocks; perillaseeds are sown at a lower position between two adjacent ridges and are sown in a manual hole-sowing manner; 3-4 seeds are sown in each hole and the seed quantity per each hectare is 6.0-7.5kg; the sowing depth is 2-3cm and shall not be too deep; after sowing, the perillaseeds are covered with soil immediately and then pressed slightly. By adopting the planting method, the perillaseed planting in the area with a temperate continental climate is realized and the planted perillaseeds have high yield and good quality. Sandy soil with flat terrains, higher fertility, good water drainage and less broad-leaf weeds is chosen; the stubbles are required to be cleaned manually or mechanically in land preparation; after being harrowed for twice, the land is ridged and rolled; the ridges are 3-5cm in height and 2-5cm in width; and the land preparation shall achieve a good seeding state with fine soil and without residual stubbles and soil blocks.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of perillaseed

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, particularly relate to a kind of implantation methods of perillaseed.

Background technology

Perillaseed has another name called weak, is unique annual herb plant planted under Labiatae Perilla, seedling and tender leaf edible, and seed also can extract oil, and is called perilla oil, and this oil has the effects such as dissolving phlegm, moistening lung, pain relieving, removing toxic substances, is listed in medicine food dual purpose plant.Not containing cholesterol in perilla oil, but alpha-linolenic acid content is up to 56.14 ~ 64.82%, to human body, there is significant health care and medical efficacy, perilla oil is also a kind of important raw material of industry, can be used to make umbrella, raincoat, paint, ink etc., perilla cake slag is the good feed of domestic animal, is also good organic manure.

The plantation of China perillaseed is main, and in the southern such as Jiangxi, Hunan, northern area is due to the impact of temperature continental climate, and precipitation is on the low side, and day and night temperature is large, well can not adapt to the growth of perillaseed, and yielding poorly then appears in plantation perillaseed, the low problem of oil yield.Based on the above-mentioned problem that the plantation of northern area perillaseed yields poorly, oil yield is low, the present invention proposes a kind of implantation methods that can overcome the perillaseed of the temperate continental climate condition in the north.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to: provide a kind of and at the perilla seed method for planting of northern area high yield, high oil recovery, the problem that current northern area perillaseed yields poorly, oil yield is low, disease is more can be solved.

To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

The present invention is in conjunction with the biological nature of perillaseed, and specifically moistening with perillaseed happiness, the later stage is drought-resistant, barren-resistant, based on the feature of disease and insect resistance, propose a kind of implantation methods that can be adapted to the perillaseed of the temperate continental climate of the Northwest, the method adopts the method for ridging wholely, then perillaseed is planted the pocket between ridge and ridge, the supply of Seedling Stage temperature can be ensured, also can keep out the damage of certain monsoon sex climate, simultaneously, when rainy weather, seedling can absorb more moisture.

An implantation methods for perillaseed, concrete grammar is as follows:

1, selection of land and whole

Select the sandy loam plantation that physical features is smooth, fertility is higher, draining is good, broad leaved weed is less, clean stubble or mechanical stubble-cleaning manually will be taken in whole ground, ridging, suppression after heavy duty harrow 2 times, high 3 ~ the 5cm in ridge, row spacing is 2 ~ 5cm, whole ground should reach soil in small, broken bits, without stubble, good sowing state without soil block;

2, apply fertilizer

Perillaseed is barren-resistant, fertilizer requirement is less, general per hectare executes purity nitrogen 40.5kg, pure phosphorus 54.0kg, pure potassium 37.5kg can meet the demand that perillaseed is grown, in order to avoid inorganic fertilizer is to the damage of soil, preferably, execute the fertilizer of animal waste combination, its consumption is per hectare fertilising 30t, make base manure with 2/3 of total fertile amount, 1/3 makes seed manure;

3, seed treatment and sowing

A, seed treatment: will carry out selection by winnowing to seed before broadcasting, remove granule, blighted grain and impurity, then uses 50% carbendazim seed dressing of 0.2% of grain weight, prevent the generation of sprout term disease;

B, sowing: sowing should March by 5 months at the beginning of carry out, sowing date for early sowing kind can ensure perillaseed normal mature, improve product quality and output, adopt the method for artificial bunch planting to sow, every cave sows 3 ~ 4, the hectare amount of broadcasting 6.0 ~ 7.5kg, seed level 2 ~ 3cm, should not be excessively dark, want timely earthing after broadcasting, gently press after earthing;

4, field management

A, look into field mend plant: growth of cereal crop seedlings inspection should be carried out in time after emerging, the seedling that field will be utilized unnecessary as being short of seedling carry out seats water mend plant, transplant after also can waiting rain, preferably, employing rain after transplant, after rain, transplanting survival rate reaches more than 90%;

B, thinning final singling and intertill and clean tillage: timely subsoiling after emerging, heat put cold, improve ground temperature, promote growth of seedling, when seedling 5 ~ 6 leaf, carry out artificial thinning in conjunction with shovel ground, stay seedlings to beat single, between fall variegated seedling, and carry out final singling by spacing in the rows 25 ~ 30cm, be advisable, after shoveling weeding first with per hectare 4.8 ~ 5.5 ten thousand strains of keeping a full stand of seedings, shoveled weeding 1 time every 12 ~ 15 days again, guarantee that field is without weeds;

C, water and fertilizer management: perillaseed is when using sufficient base fertilizer, generally need not topdress, can spray foliage fertilizer in flowering stage, perillaseed drought resistance of seedling is more weak, in case of arid should be poured water in time, irrigation method is poured into from ridge by water, and because perillaseed plants the pocket between ridge, therefore water flows down from ridge, converge at pocket, but owing to flowing down in process, the infiltration of soil on ridge, makes perillaseed obtain sufficient moisture but there will not be and floods growth of cereal crop seedlings condition;

D, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the resistant to diseases and insects of perillaseed is comparatively strong, generally damage by disease and insect does not occur, if there is aphid in breeding time, available Rogor and decis mixing are sprayed, and promote that Su Ye is complete fresh;

5, gather in the crops

When full field has 2/3 plant leaf to become light yellow by green, knot fringe becomes light brown, can gather in the crops when seed becomes light brown by white, generally in late September ~ mid-October results, adopt artificial results, perillaseed is cut down near ground with reaping hook, be bundled into wisp and carry out airing, promote after-ripening, bundle rope is untied after drying, visit in clean place, threshing is beaten with club, for making through threshing thorough, airing 2 threshings after several days, can be carried out, the seed taken off is cleaned, as seed moisture content is larger, airing need be continued, when water content lower than 9% time can put in storage keeping.

Compared with existing perilla seed method for planting, beneficial effect of the present invention is: adopt ridging wholely, and pocket plants perillaseed between ridge, can ensure that perillaseed seedling absorbs sufficient moisture, seedling stage temperate continental climate can be resisted again to the damage of seedling, implantation time can suitably shift to an earlier date, and improves the yield and quality.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with instantiation, technical scheme of the present invention is described further.

Example 1

This example selects 1 hectare, Yuan Shang farmland, Xian township of Qingyang City Ning County nine, and when ground temperature is 15 ~ 20 DEG C, soil fertility is high, and draining is good, and weather is the continental monsoon climate in temperate zone.

An implantation methods for perillaseed, concrete grammar is as follows:

1, selection of land and whole

The farmland that this example is chosen is that fertility is higher, 1 hectare, soil on the plateau that physical features is smooth, rear beginning is chosen wholely in field, method of soil preparation is artificial by clean stubble stubble-cleaning, ridging, suppression after heavy duty harrow 2 times, high 3 ~ the 5cm in ridge, row spacing is 2 ~ 5cm, reach behind whole ground soil in small, broken bits, without stubble, good sowing state without soil block;

2, apply fertilizer

The field that this example is selected is positioned at by a wild boar breeding base, and therefore the present invention uses pig manure and makes fertilizer, and consumption is per hectare fertilising 30t, and make base manure with 2/3 of total fertile amount, 1/3 makes seed manure;

3, seed treatment and sowing

A, seed treatment: will carry out selection by winnowing to seed before broadcasting, remove granule, blighted grain and impurity, then uses 50% carbendazim seed dressing of 0.2% of grain weight, prevent the generation of sprout term disease;

B, sowing: sow and carried out March 10, there and then temperature is 15 ~ 17 DEG C after tested, meet the sowing condition of perillaseed, type of seeding then adopts the method for artificial bunch planting to sow, and every cave sows 3 ~ 4, the hectare amount of broadcasting 6.0 ~ 7.5kg, seed level 2 ~ 3cm, should not be excessively dark, want timely earthing after broadcasting, gently press after earthing;

4, field management

A, look into field mend plant: carry out growth of cereal crop seedlings inspection in time after emerging, result shows that perillaseed emergence rate that implantation methods of the present invention plants is up to 97.5%, and that is short of seedling for minority broadcasts cave, transplants after adopting rain, after rain, transplanting survival rate reaches more than 90%, and the present invention continues to fill the gaps with seedlings until expire seedling completely;

B, thinning final singling and intertill and clean tillage: timely subsoiling after emerging, heat put cold, improve ground temperature, promote growth of seedling, when seedling 5 ~ 6 leaf, carry out artificial thinning in conjunction with shovel ground, stay seedlings to beat single, between fall variegated seedling, and carry out final singling by spacing in the rows 25 ~ 30cm, be advisable, after shoveling weeding first with per hectare 4.8 ~ 5.5 ten thousand strains of keeping a full stand of seedings, shoveled weeding 1 time every 12 ~ 15 days again, guarantee that field is without weeds;

C, water and fertilizer management: perillaseed is when using sufficient base fertilizer, generally need not topdress, can spray foliage fertilizer in flowering stage, perillaseed drought resistance of seedling is more weak, in case of arid should be poured water in time, irrigation method is poured into from ridge by water, and because perillaseed plants the pocket between ridge, therefore water flows down from ridge, converge at pocket, but owing to flowing down in process, the infiltration of soil on ridge, makes perillaseed obtain sufficient moisture but there will not be and floods growth of cereal crop seedlings condition;

D, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the resistant to diseases and insects of perillaseed is comparatively strong, generally damage by disease and insect does not occur, if there is aphid in breeding time, available Rogor and decis mixing are sprayed, and promote that Su Ye is complete fresh;

5, gather in the crops

When full field has 2/3 plant leaf to become light yellow by green, knot fringe becomes light brown, can gather in the crops when seed becomes light brown by white, generally in late September ~ mid-October results, adopt artificial results, perillaseed is cut down near ground with reaping hook, be bundled into wisp and carry out airing, promote after-ripening, bundle rope is untied after drying, visit in clean place, threshing is beaten with club, for making through threshing thorough, airing 2 threshings after several days, can be carried out, the seed taken off is cleaned, as seed moisture content is larger, airing need be continued, when water content lower than 9% time can put in storage keeping.

Claims (1)

1. an implantation methods for perillaseed, is characterized in that: the concrete steps of this implantation methods are:

(1) selection of land and whole

Select the sandy loam plantation that physical features is smooth, fertility is higher, draining is good, broad leaved weed is less, clean stubble or mechanical stubble-cleaning manually will be taken in whole ground, ridging, suppression after heavy duty harrow 2 times, high 3 ~ the 5cm in ridge, row spacing is 2 ~ 5cm, whole ground should reach soil in small, broken bits, without stubble, good sowing state without soil block;

(2) apply fertilizer

Perillaseed is barren-resistant, fertilizer requirement is less, general per hectare executes purity nitrogen 40.5kg, pure phosphorus 54.0kg, pure potassium 37.5kg can meet the demand that perillaseed is grown, in order to avoid inorganic fertilizer is to the damage of soil, preferably, execute the fertilizer of animal waste combination, its consumption is per hectare fertilising 30t, make base manure with 2/3 of total fertile amount, 1/3 makes seed manure;

(3) seed treatment and sowing

A, seed treatment: will carry out selection by winnowing to seed before broadcasting, remove granule, blighted grain and impurity, then uses 50% carbendazim seed dressing of 0.2% of grain weight, prevent the generation of sprout term disease;

B, sowing: sowing should March by 5 months at the beginning of carry out, sowing date for early sowing kind can ensure perillaseed normal mature, improve product quality and output, adopt the method for artificial bunch planting to sow, every cave sows 3 ~ 4, the hectare amount of broadcasting 6.0 ~ 7.5kg, seed level 2 ~ 3cm, should not be excessively dark, want timely earthing after broadcasting, gently press after earthing;

(4) field management

A, look into field mend plant: growth of cereal crop seedlings inspection should be carried out in time after emerging, the seedling that field will be utilized unnecessary as being short of seedling carry out seats water mend plant, transplant after also can waiting rain, preferably, employing rain after transplant, after rain, transplanting survival rate reaches more than 90%;

B, thinning final singling and intertill and clean tillage: timely subsoiling after emerging, heat put cold, improve ground temperature, promote growth of seedling, when seedling 5 ~ 6 leaf, carry out artificial thinning in conjunction with shovel ground, stay seedlings to beat single, between fall variegated seedling, and carry out final singling by spacing in the rows 25 ~ 30cm, be advisable, after shoveling weeding first with per hectare 4.8 ~ 5.5 ten thousand strains of keeping a full stand of seedings, shoveled weeding 1 time every 12 ~ 15 days again, guarantee that field is without weeds;

C, water and fertilizer management: perillaseed is when using sufficient base fertilizer, generally need not topdress, can spray foliage fertilizer in flowering stage, perillaseed drought resistance of seedling is more weak, in case of arid should be poured water in time, irrigation method is poured into from ridge by water, and because perillaseed plants the pocket between ridge, therefore water flows down from ridge, converge at pocket, but owing to flowing down in process, the infiltration of soil on ridge, makes perillaseed obtain sufficient moisture but there will not be and floods growth of cereal crop seedlings condition;

D, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the resistant to diseases and insects of perillaseed is comparatively strong, generally damage by disease and insect does not occur, if there is aphid in breeding time, available Rogor and decis mixing are sprayed, and promote that Su Ye is complete fresh;

(5) gather in the crops

When full field has 2/3 plant leaf to become light yellow by green, knot fringe becomes light brown, can gather in the crops when seed becomes light brown by white, generally in late September ~ mid-October results, adopt artificial results, perillaseed is cut down near ground with reaping hook, be bundled into wisp and carry out airing, promote after-ripening, bundle rope is untied after drying, visit in clean place, threshing is beaten with club, for making through threshing thorough, airing 2 threshings after several days, can be carried out, the seed taken off is cleaned, as seed moisture content is larger, airing need be continued, when water content lower than 9% time can put in storage keeping.