CN103703973A - Cultivation method of dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright - Google Patents
Cultivation method of dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method of dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright. According to the cultivation method of the dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright, the yield is high, and the sowing quantity is small. The cultivation method of the dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright comprises the steps of selecting land, carrying out land preparation, selecting seeds, carrying out seeds soaking, carrying out primary planting, carrying out field planting, carrying out water and fertilizer management, carrying out rod insertion and frame erection, carrying out harvesting, and carrying out storage. According to the cultivation method of the dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright, due to the fact that the scientific and reasonable steps of land selection, land preparation, seed selection, seed soaking, primary planting, field planting, water and fertilizer management, rod insertion, frame erection, harvesting and storage are adopted, the yield of the planted dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright can be increased to 3000 kilograms per mu from 2000 kilograms per mu; in addition, the input quantity of a seed source can be reduced to 100 kilograms per mu from 300 kilograms per mu in the prior art, the net production value per mu of the dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright can be greatly increased, the net production value per mu can be increased by 2700 yuan RMB every year, and the economic benefit of farmers for planting the dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of dioscorea zingiberensis wright.
Background technology
Dioscorea zingiberensis wright (Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright) another name yellow ginger, fiery rattan root, Dioscoreaceae yam dioscorea zingiberensis wright, is used as medicine with root-like stock.Excavate spring and autumn, removes earth, dries.For carbuncle furuncle, be ulceration in early days, skin acute festering type infects, soft tissue injury, and honeybee bites insect bite.As the bulk drug of hormone medicine, its extract diosgenin is the very good material of synthetic adrenal cortex hormones drug.
Yellow ginger is because be that more than 2 years growth time is longer vegetative period, and conventional planting procedure output is not high in addition, and it is very heavy that medicinal herb grower plants financial burden, so it is not high generally to plant enthusiasm.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, the object of the present invention is to provide the breeding method of the dioscorea zingiberensis wright that a kind of output is high, sowing quantity is low.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of breeding method of dioscorea zingiberensis wright, is characterized in that: comprise step: selection of land, whole ground, seed selection, seed soaking, primary vaccination, field planting, water and fertilizer management, inserted link built, gather and store.
Further, the standard of described selection of land step is: hillside terraced fields or long narrow single furrow, soil is red soil or half sandy loam.Because dioscorea zingiberensis wright is a kind of medicinal plant that stem tuber is product of take, in order to guarantee the output of dioscorea zingiberensis wright, for landform and soil, there is specific requirement, the standard of selection of land is that soil property is red soil or half sandy loam, landform is hillside terraced fields, the higher hillside fields of rear wall bank particularly, and long narrow single furrow plantation is more conducive to the ventilation and penetrating light of field plant.
Further, described whole ground step is: described whole ground step is: sow the last week, the whole railway carriage or compartment of deep ploughing, divides railway carriage or compartment with furrow apart from 65-70cm, in railway carriage or compartment face center, output Yi Tiaogou, ditch depth 20-30cm, furrow width 30-40cm then buries fertilizer in ditch, and then add that composite fertilizer is as base manure, thereafter earthing ridging, the high 25-35cm of furrow, duplicate rows nest is broadcast.The best is divided railway carriage or compartment for furrow apart from 67cm, ditch depth 25cm, furrow width 34cm, the high 30cm of furrow.Best fertilizer is pigsty excrement or cattle pen excrement or the cake-shaped rape seed dregs of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Though dioscorea zingiberensis wright resistance to morning, resistance to lean, also like liquid manure.After planting, germinate 1 month (late April), the composite fertilizer that the potassium sulfate of should take is master imposes between strain, and short its root is flourishing, the prosperous length of cauline leaf.Late May, between strain, open cave, apply composite fertilizer etc. as heavily topdressing for the second time.Early July, depending on growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way and leaf look, take the circumstances into consideration to mend foliage fertilizer one time, just needn't refertilize later.The period that rainfall is concentrated, carry out field reason ditch water drainage, prevent that underground stem tuber from occurring to go rotten.
Further, described primary vaccination step is: described primary vaccination step is: while sowing by kind of stem traverse in feeling resentful, upwards, then blinding 7-10cm, first covers mellow soil to eye during blinding, the bonnet immature soil, to seedling up to 6-10cm, get final product field planting while having 2-3 leaf.November last year is until to " grain rains " time, when temperature is stablized to 15 ℃, seedling has grown to 6-10cm, had 2-3 leaf, at this moment just can carry out field planting substantially.
Further, described selection criterion is: more than planting diameter stem 2cm, selection contain the above and bud head of ten bud heads be golden yellow, without damage by disease and insect, not damaged, tender or the middle part rhizome of the tip of dehydration children not, in each stem section, at least keep 1 growing point, have 2-3 resting bud, weight is between 2-20g/ piece.Choose the fresh bud head germinateing of sturdy, color be divided into golden yellow, branch be more each plant on stem, have ten above germination points, without damage by disease and insect, not damaged, also the tender place of children, the end of the rhizome of dehydration or its middle part are as planting stem, this is in order to guarantee the output of later stage dioscorea zingiberensis wright.Described kind stem is heavily 2-20g/ piece, and best kind stem is heavily 15g/ piece.
Further, before sowing, will plant stem stripping and slicing, each stripping and slicing has a bud point at least, and otch is by bactericide aqueous solution soaking doubly of dilute with water 500-800 or spray, or smears ash or lime disinfection in incision.That is to say commercially available bactericide is diluted with water to the solution of 500-800 after doubly for the otch of kind of stem is carried out to sterilizing, or also can directly with ash or quicklime, to otch, carry out sterilizing.
Further, described field planting step is: described field planting step is: each is planted stem and stays at least one strong sprout, removes unnecessary tender shoots, and thickness of sowing is controlled at the 7000-8000 root and stem of certain plants/mu, and single kind of stem weight is 2-20g, and every mu of ground needs kind of a stem 100～120kg.
Further, described water and fertilizer management step is: dioscorea zingiberensis wright is just sowed or before Second Year is emerged, dilute with water 800-1000 weed killer herbicide doubly sprayed; After seedling all sprouts, the weeds of strain root and stem of certain plants surrounding remove with hand-lifting, and the weeds beyond strain root and stem of certain plants 10cm and in ditch are used the Quizalotop-ethyl spraying management of weeds of 15-17%, but can not be sprayed on the cauline leaf of dioscorea zingiberensis wright; When dioscorea zingiberensis wright germinates after planting, the composite fertilizer that the potassium sulfate of take is master imposes between strain; Second month last ten-days period and the trimestral the first tenday period of a month after germination, between strain, open cave, imposing potassium sulfate is main composite fertilizer; After germinateing, can mend foliage fertilizer the trimestral the first tenday period of a month one time, just do not need to refertilize afterwards.That is to say that the ground beyond the strain root and stem of certain plants 10cm from dioscorea zingiberensis wright can be used weed killer herbicide, and can not be sprayed onto on the cauline leaf of dioscorea zingiberensis wright during spraying herbicide.And impose potassium sulfate when dioscorea zingiberensis wright germinates, it is main composite fertilizer, but second month last ten-days period after germinateing and germinate after the first ten-day period of the March time, imposing potassium sulfate is main composite fertilizer again, during the first ten-day period of the March after germination, can also add foliage fertilizer one time depending on plant growth condition, can certainly not add.
Further, the glyphosate that described weed killer herbicide is 10%.
Though dioscorea zingiberensis wright resistance to morning, resistance to lean, also like liquid manure.After planting, germinate and within 1 month, be generally late April, the composite fertilizer that the potassium sulfate of should take is master imposes between strain, and short its root is flourishing, the prosperous length of cauline leaf; To late May, just should between strain, open cave, apply composite fertilizer etc. as heavily topdressing for the second time; And to early July, depending on growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way and leaf look, can mend as one sees fit foliage fertilizer one time, can certainly not mend foliage fertilizer, but just not refertilize afterwards.During this time rainfall concentrated period, should carry out field reason ditch water drainage, prevent that underground stem tuber from occurring to go rotten.With the effective management of weeds of glyphosate, but can not be with should be except herbal medicine after dioscorea zingiberensis wright is emerged.After all sprouting, uses seedling the Quizalotop-ethyl spraying management of weeds of 15-17%, 15.8% Quizalotop-ethyl preferably, and while spraying Quizalotop-ethyl, shower nozzle is lowerd a little as far as possible, prevents from being sprayed onto on the cauline leaf of dioscorea zingiberensis wright.
In addition, dioscorea zingiberensis wright belongs to shallow root system crop, sows more shallow, root-like stock is only grown and is spread in topsoil, and while sowing due to dioscorea zingiberensis wright, ridging is higher and narrow, through heavy rain, washes away, easily cause root-like stock exposed, affect dioscorea zingiberensis wright normal growth, also easily make winter ginger kind suffer freeze injury.When dioscorea zingiberensis wright root-like stock expands, often make soil seam cracking, cause soil drought.Therefore, intertill, ridging, prevents that root-like stock from exposing in time in good time.
By bamboo pole plane built, can improve ventilation and penetrating light condition, improve to a great extent the moon and covered environment, reduce field humidity, earth's surface forms good permeability, has strengthened the resistance of dioscorea zingiberensis wright, has effectively controlled the generation of leaf blight.Inserted link built adopts the set in brickwork mode of plane but not the straight cutting mode of an a brood of bar.
Before and after " Frost's Descent ", stem is climing withered and yellow, and stem tuber expands when slow, in fact just can gather in the crops dioscorea zingiberensis wright.The breeding provenance of take is object, can excavate then; But the production commodity dioscorea zingiberensis wright of take is object, within best 2 years, excavates above.Gather in the crops appropriate to the occasion select fine day cut climing, deep-cut furrow limit soil, gently carry stem tuber.Only raw one of the every strain of dioscorea zingiberensis wright, generally weighs 0.5-2 kilogram, and per mu yield can reach more than 3000 kilograms.Dioscorea zingiberensis wright when excavation, first pull out built and dioscorea zingiberensis wright stem is climing, then with spade angle, uproot and deep-cut.While digging, note injuring dioscorea zingiberensis wright root-like stock, choose clean grass roots simultaneously, remove soil insect, the dioscorea zingiberensis wright digging out is slightly trembled clean earth after airing, can load and transport.The dioscorea zingiberensis wright just digging back, because humidity is larger, should put ventilation, cool place is spread preservation out, as early as possible marketing fresh.Must guard against fresh ginger pile too highly, cause pile core heating.Do the ginger piece of kind of use, select rear independent keeping.
In technique scheme, in each step, parameters is optimal parameter, but the variation that those skilled in the art can instruction according to the present invention be equal to, and the equivalent variations of carrying out also falls into protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention adopts by scientific and reasonable selection of land, whole ground, seed selection, seed soaking, primary vaccination, field planting, water and fertilizer management, inserted link built, gathers and storage step, make the dioscorea zingiberensis wright output of plantation bring up to 3000 kgs/acre from 2000 kgs/acre, the input amount of provenance can be reduced to 100 kgs/acre from original 300 kgs/acre in addition.Greatly improve every mu of net output of dioscorea zingiberensis wright, make every mu of annual 2700 yuan of net output that increase, greatly improved the economic well-being of workers and staff of dioscorea zingiberensis wright agriculture.
Embodiment
For those skilled in the art are known and technical scheme clearly of the present invention more, spy provides preferred embodiment below, but technological thought of the present invention is not limited to following examples.
Embodiment mono-
Choose a gradient and be half sandy ground of 15 °, by 34cm trench digging, ditch depth 25cm, every ditch 67cm of being separated by, imbeds the pig manure having become thoroughly decomposed in ditch, ridging then, the high 30cm of furrow, duplicate rows nest is broadcast.In December in the first year, the average 15g choosing is heavy, cut into every and have 2 bud points, with the dioscorea zingiberensis wright kind piece after 800 times of immersions of bactericide bubble according to nest apart from 30cm, on Gansu Province that duplicate rows nest has been sowed at, while sowing by kind of stem traverse in feeling resentful, eye upwards, then blinding 7-10cm, during blinding, first cover mellow soil, the bonnet immature soil, dilute with water 800-1000 10% glyphosate is doubly sprayed, early Febuary water dilution 800-1000 10% glyphosate doubly carries out weeding to the place beyond the strain root and stem of certain plants 10cm from dioscorea zingiberensis wright, strain root and stem of certain plants 10cm from dioscorea zingiberensis wright removes with hand-lifting with interior weeds.Second Year April seedling up to 6-10cm, while having 2-3 sheet leaf, start field planting.Each plants stem only need stay a strong sprout, removes unnecessary tender shoots, germinates and executes potassium sulfate compound fertilizer one time after one month, and field planting thickness of sowing is 8000 root and stem of certain plants/mus.Afterwards, in the last ten-days period in May and the first tenday period of a month in July, chase after respectively potassium sulfate compound fertilizer one time, each 20 kilograms every mu, in the first tenday period of a month in July, mend one time foliage fertilizer, to the November of the 3rd year, excavate.
Embodiment bis-
Choose good, the loose red soil of drainage ground, by 32cm, ditch, ditch depth 20cm, every ditch 65cm of being separated by, imbeds the pig manure having become thoroughly decomposed in ditch, ridging then, the high 30cm of furrow, duplicate rows nest is broadcast.In February in the first year, the average 16g choosing is heavy, cut into every and have 2 bud points, with the dioscorea zingiberensis wright kind piece after 500 times of immersions of bactericide bubble according to nest apart from 30cm, on Gansu Province that duplicate rows nest has been sowed at, while sowing by kind of stem traverse in feeling resentful, eye upwards, then blinding 7-10cm, during blinding, first cover mellow soil, the bonnet immature soil, dilute with water 800-1000 10% glyphosate is doubly sprayed, early Febuary water dilution 800-1000 10% glyphosate doubly carries out weeding to the place beyond the strain root and stem of certain plants 10cm from dioscorea zingiberensis wright, strain root and stem of certain plants 10cm from dioscorea zingiberensis wright removes with hand-lifting with interior weeds.April, seedling was up to 6-9cm, started field planting while having 2-3 leaf.Each plants stem only need stay a strong sprout, removes unnecessary tender shoots, germinates and executes potassium sulfate compound fertilizer one time after one month, and field planting thickness of sowing is 7100 root and stem of certain plants/mus.Afterwards, in the last ten-days period in May and the first tenday period of a month in July, chase after respectively potassium sulfate compound fertilizer one time, each 20 kilograms every mu, to the December of Second Year, excavate.
Embodiment tri-
Choose a gradient and be half sandy ground of 9 °, by 30cm trench digging, ditch depth 20cm, every ditch 70cm of being separated by, imbeds the cow dung of having become thoroughly decomposed in ditch, ridging then, the high 28cm of furrow, duplicate rows nest is broadcast.In February in the first year, the average 14g choosing is heavy, cut into every and have 2 bud points, the dioscorea zingiberensis wright kind piece of having smeared ash on otch according to nest apart from 30cm, on Gansu Province that duplicate rows nest has been sowed at, while sowing by kind of stem traverse in feeling resentful, eye upwards, then blinding 7-10cm, during blinding, first cover mellow soil, the bonnet immature soil, dilute with water 800-1000 10% glyphosate is doubly sprayed, early Febuary water dilution 800-1000 10% glyphosate doubly carries out weeding to the place beyond the strain root and stem of certain plants 10cm from dioscorea zingiberensis wright, strain root and stem of certain plants 10cm from dioscorea zingiberensis wright removes with hand-lifting with interior weeds.April, seedling was up to 6-10cm, started field planting while having 2-3 leaf.Each plants stem only need stay a strong sprout, removes unnecessary tender shoots, germinates and executes potassium sulfate compound fertilizer one time after one month, and field planting thickness of sowing is 7500 root and stem of certain plants/mus.Afterwards, in the last ten-days period in May and the first tenday period of a month in July, chase after respectively potassium sulfate compound fertilizer one time, each 25 kilograms every mu, in the first tenday period of a month in July, mend foliage fertilizer one time, to the December of Second Year, excavate.
Table 1 the present invention and traditional cultivation yield comparison
Note: dioscorea zingiberensis wright provenance is calculated by 7 yuan/kg; Dioscorea zingiberensis wright product calculates by 4 yuan/kg; Calculated vegetative period by 2 years.
Claims (10)
1. a breeding method for dioscorea zingiberensis wright, is characterized in that: comprise step: selection of land, whole ground, seed selection, seed soaking, primary vaccination, field planting, water and fertilizer management, inserted link built, gather and store.
2. the breeding method of dioscorea zingiberensis wright according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the standard of described selection of land step is: hillside terraced fields or long narrow single furrow, soil is red soil or half sandy loam.
3. the breeding method of dioscorea zingiberensis wright according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described whole ground step is: sow the last week, the whole railway carriage or compartment of deep ploughing, divides railway carriage or compartment with furrow apart from 65-70cm, in railway carriage or compartment face center, output Yi Tiaogou, ditch depth 20-30cm, furrow width 30-40cm then buries fertilizer in ditch, and then add that composite fertilizer is as base manure, thereafter earthing ridging, the high 25-35cm of furrow, duplicate rows nest is broadcast.
4. the breeding method of dioscorea zingiberensis wright according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described fertilizer is pig manure or cow dung or the cake-shaped rape seed dregs of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
5. the breeding method of dioscorea zingiberensis wright according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described primary vaccination step is: while sowing by kind of stem traverse in feeling resentful, eye is upwards, then blinding 7-10cm, during blinding, first cover mellow soil, the bonnet immature soil, to seedling up to 6-10cm, get final product field planting while having 2-3 leaf.
6. the breeding method of dioscorea zingiberensis wright according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described selection criterion is: more than planting diameter stem 2cm, selection contain the above and bud head of ten bud heads be golden yellow, without damage by disease and insect, not damaged, tender or the middle part rhizome of the tip of dehydration children not, in each stem section, at least keep 1 growing point, have 2-3 resting bud, weight is between 2-20g/ piece.
7. the breeding method of dioscorea zingiberensis wright according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described seed soaking step is: before sowing, will plant stem stripping and slicing, each stripping and slicing has a bud point at least, otch is by bactericide aqueous solution soaking doubly of dilute with water 500-800 or spray, or smears ash or lime disinfection in incision.
8. the breeding method of dioscorea zingiberensis wright according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described field planting step is: each is planted stem and stays at least one strong sprout, remove unnecessary tender shoots, thickness of sowing is controlled at the 7000-8000 root and stem of certain plants/mu, single kind of stem weight is 2-20g, and every mu of ground needs kind of a stem 100～120kg.
9. the breeding method of dioscorea zingiberensis wright according to claim 1, is characterized in that: dioscorea zingiberensis wright is just sowed or before Second Year is emerged, dilute with water 800-1000 weed killer herbicide doubly sprayed; After seedling all sprouts, the weeds of strain root and stem of certain plants surrounding remove with hand-lifting, and the weeds beyond strain root and stem of certain plants 10cm and in ditch are used the Quizalotop-ethyl spraying management of weeds of 15-17%, but can not be sprayed on the cauline leaf of dioscorea zingiberensis wright; When dioscorea zingiberensis wright germinates after planting, the composite fertilizer that the potassium sulfate of take is master imposes between strain; Second month last ten-days period and the trimestral the first tenday period of a month after germination, between strain, open cave, imposing potassium sulfate is main composite fertilizer; After germinateing, can mend foliage fertilizer the trimestral the first tenday period of a month one time, just do not need to refertilize afterwards.
10. the breeding method of dioscorea zingiberensis wright according to claim 9, is characterized in that: the glyphosate that described weed killer herbicide is 10%.
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