CN104025835A - Clean and efficient culture technology for strawberry and water spinach crop rotation - Google Patents
Clean and efficient culture technology for strawberry and water spinach crop rotation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a clean and efficient culture technology for strawberry and water spinach crop rotation. First, mother plants of good variety of strawberries are selected; through nursery garden preparation, seedling management, temporary planting, field plating and filed management, well planted strawberries are harvested in the mid-to-end of November, and the maturity of the strawberries at the time of harvesting reaches 90%-95%; after strawberry harvest, water spinaches start to be planted when the ground temperature is above 15 DEG C, and the mature period of the water spinaches is in the middle third of August. The clean and efficient culture technology has the advantage that usage amount of pesticide is reduced in strawberry and water spinach crop rotation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to strawberry cultivating technical field, relate to a kind of strawberry and water spinach crop rotation clean and effective culture technique.
Background technology
In recent years, due to the adjustment of the industrial structure, Taizhou City facility cultivation area expands rapidly, greenhouse by solar heat strawberry area is large at present, and Production Regional is relatively concentrated, and each place of production productive life is also longer, major part has been produced more than 10 years, in long-time process of producing, three large problems below main existence: the first, plant continuously monocrop and form expendable soil environment; The second, there is heavier problem in damage by disease and insect; The 3rd, the Safety production questions of strawberry.Above-mentioned three problems have had a strong impact on the production of greenhouse by solar heat strawberry, cause production declining, agriculture residually to exceed standard, quality reduces, economic benefit glides atrophy year by year, peasant planting enthusiasm declines, the result such as no longer cultivated, is unfavorable for the sustainable development of local agricultural.And after facility cultivation, take and in the past different farming and safeguard measure, changed leaching system and the structure of soil, easily make the soil salinization; And plant monocrop year after year, cause soil-borne disease serious, thereby cause crops quality reduction, production declining, become the obstruction factor of restriction industrialized agriculture sustainable development.
This project creatively uses green prevention and control technology to prevent and treat, as the measure such as dirt, greenhouse by solar heat fly net falls in solar disinfection, greenhouse by solar heat strawberry and aquatic vegetable crop rotation, yellow plate Control pests, sulfurator, organosilicon synergy, the employing of above-mentioned measure has brought following benefit: strawberry production is not gone and buy Chinese medicine or few laxative for economic benefit-can realize, thereby province medicine 40% left and right, saving of labor's abridged edition 30% left and right, increase economic benefit 20% left and right; Social benefit-greatly improved insect protected, the resistance against diseases of Strawberry in Greenhouse, solves a strawberry production difficult problem, and its social effect is obvious; Ecological benefits-environmental problem more and more receives people's concern, the frequent use of chemical pesticide, caused the pollution of soil, water, vegetables, be subject to the vegetables of pesticide pollution to cause poisoning event to happen occasionally every year because eating by mistake, pest resistance to insecticide strengthens in addition, difficulty of prevention and cure is increasing, the not only successful of green prevention and control technology that this project is carried out, the more important thing is that not produce medicine residual, and pesticide resistance does not occur, reduce laxative number of times, ecological benefits are remarkable.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of strawberry and water spinach crop rotation clean and effective culture technique, solved damage by disease and insect in Strawberry in Greenhouse cultivation process frequent use serious and chemical pesticide that cause occurs, caused the problem of the pollution etc. of soil, water, vegetables.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is to carry out according to following steps:
Step 1, that strawberry is selected resting stage is many compared with blooming under short, cryogenic conditions, self-pollination ability strong, fruit shape is large and neatly, the maternal plant of few, the high yield of malformed fruit, improved seeds that resistance against diseases is strong;
Step 2, Seedlings nursery is prepared, and selection physical features is higher, irrigation and drainage convenient, the field of shady and cool ventilation, first 15 days every 667m of strawberry kind strain field planting
2execute decomposed manure 1000kg, superphosphate 25kg, after mixing with Soil tillage, make the high furrow of wide 1.2～1.5m, at the beginning of 4 months, carry out maternal plant field planting, by maternal plant balled transplanting, central 1 row of planting of every furrow, spacing in the rows 0.4m, accomplishes deeply not bury the heart when transplanting, shallow not crab rooting;
Step 3, seedling management: maternal plant is transplanted backsight soil dry-wet situation and waters 1 time for every 5～7 days, if nursery stage Strawberry Seedlings leaf look light, petiole is tiny, every 667m
2execute Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 10kg, after strawberry maternal plant transplant survival, every 7 days, maternal plant lobus cardiacus is sprayed to 1200～1500 times of liquid of 4% gibberellin water aqua, connect and spray 2 times, send out stolon to promote to take out, stolon keeps ground moistening before extracting out, and the soil is porous;
Step 4: heel in, Strawberry Seedlings was heeled in late July to early August, to ensure completing flower bud differentiation within compared with short-term, ensured bud stalwartness simultaneously, while heeling in, select pure, the eugonic rice shoot of kind in Seedlings nursery, every seedling stays 3 leaves, cuts off the stolon of nearly maternal plant end, extract Lao Ye, sick leaf and other stolons, large seedling is separately put into water and soak root, heel in furrow and select anosis plot, the high 20cm of furrow, wide 80cm; While heeling in, every furrow are planted 5 row, and seeding row spacing 15cm accomplishes deeply not bury the heart, shallow not crab rooting, will keep the moistening of soil, and add a cover sunshade net after heeling in, and are beneficial to slow seedling, after 10 days, can open sunshade net;
Step 5, field planting: every 667m before field planting
2execute the fertilizer 2000kg becoming thoroughly decomposed, after turning over and mixing, make the high ridge of bottom width 80cm, high 20cm, top width 40cm, and cover black mulch film, irrigate band, film lower berth, weeper are upward, carry out secretly filling with under film, the field planting time to early September, is selected 4 true leaves of every seedling tool, more than rhizome diameter 0.6cm healthy seedling, according to spacing in the rows 15～20cm field planting by the end of August, every ridge 2 row, every 667m
2with seedling 8000～10000 strains;
Step 6, field management: after field planting, keep ground moistening, make Strawberry Seedlings degree of safety cross seedling-slowing stage, in the time that each plant grows 3～5 young leaves, suitably control moisture, promote root growth, keep soil to see later and dryly see wetly, topdress and carry out three periods in the flower early stage of beginning, full-bloom stage and fruit expanding period, topdress and take on a small quantity repeatedly, carry out in conjunction with pouring water, mid-October every 667m
2execute urea 10kg; Begin to spend early stage, full-bloom stage and the every 667m of fruit expanding period
2execute respectively high-quality Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 25kg, the 1st fringe fruit expanding period starts to spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time in every 10～15 days, until the end of gathering;
Step: 7, strawberry started to gather in mid or late November, and while gathering, fruit maturity reaches 90%～95%;
Step 8, starts swamp cabbage cultivation, and after strawberry results, ground temperature starts to plant swamp cabbage while reaching more than 15 DEG C, and the maturing stage is mid-August.
Further, in described step 1, strawberry improved seeds are peaceful jade, red cheek, Feng Xiang, a chapter Ji.
Further, in described step 3 and described step 6, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium composition is that N: P: K is 15: 15: 15.
Further, between described planting period, carry out in the extermination of disease and insect pest, in the disease emergence period, remove in time diseased plant, dead leaf, carry out buried or destroy; And with 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, or the alternately spraying of 800 times of liquid of 50% procymidone wetting powder, for alleviating the generation of strawberry continuous cropping obstacle and soil-borne disease, idle season soil is carried out to rice field-upland field rotation at cultivated strawberry at the end of month in May to 8.
Further, the swamp cabbage cultivation process of described step 8 is:
After the cultivation of strawberry facility long season, will connect stubble plantation swamp cabbage, kind is selected, and swamp cabbage kind is selected bengal dayflower herb waterborne, the green water spinach of Thailand willow or great Ye water spinach;
Grow seedlings, swamp cabbage cultivation is generally first grown seedlings and is transplanted afterwards, pulls out seedling transplanting when 30 days, seedling are up to 15cm after insemination and emergence; Also can carry out cottage propagation, can win female stem that cultivation field is about 20cm and carry out cuttage;
Field is prepared, plantation field in strawberry gather finish after clear field immediately, apply base manure;
Field planting, about 20cm is square for seeding row spacing, the depth of planting is equal with native face with seedling cotyledon joint, utilize cultivation field to carry out female stem cottage propagation, female stem plant during up to 30cm left and right, upwards stays leaf one joint at female basal part of stem, female stem the 1st, 2 successively between clip be about 20cm branch as seedling, be managed to handle, transport to land for growing field crops and plant after tying up, transplant depth is advisable branch bottom two is saved plant in burying;
The same seed shoots of Planting Densities, after field planting, field keeps 2～3cm depth water, and seedbed is cut and is executed the 10% rare solutions such as thin farmyard manure, or 0.5% urea that become thoroughly decomposed after seedling, promotes the kryptoblast of stipes base portion to sprout, and after 15～20 days, can plant by the 2nd batch of seedling of clip; So repeatedly, can cut many batches of seedlings;
Intertill and topdress, at the field planting initial stage, field easily grows weeds, should weed and weed and loosen the soil in time, weeds a garden, until basic envelope row.After the slow seedling of field planting, water and execute the thin farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed for 1 time 5%～10%, promote shoot and leaf growth.After gathering at every turn, every 667m
2execute 45% Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 15kg, urea 15～20kg.Fertilizer is spread on cultivation in the ranks or mixes dry fine earth and evenly spread fertilizer over the fields;
The extermination of disease and insect pest, disease their early stage should be extractd disease leaf in time, and with the spraying of 500 times of liquid of 50% mancozeb wettable powder;
Gather, swamp cabbage is for food with tender stem, tender leaf, should gather in time at high temperature season, and while gathering, the tender tip of gathering above base portion 2nd～3 joints, with the branch that promotes that pumping is more.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that strawberry and water spinach rotation cropping have reduced the usage amount of agricultural chemicals.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
One, strawberry and aquatic vegetable crop rotation overcome the planting type of soil obstacle:
Step 1: strawberry cultivars is selected: to select resting stage many compared with blooming under short, cryogenic conditions, self-pollination ability strong, fruit shape is large and neat, malformed fruit is few, high yield, kind that resistance against diseases is strong, and the while also will meet local consumption habit.At present, the strawberry improved seeds of suitable facility long season cultivation mainly contain Ning Yu, red cheek, Feng Xiang, a chapter Ji etc.
Step 2: Seedlings nursery is prepared, strawberry is grown seedlings should select that physical features is higher, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the field of shady and cool ventilation.15d before strawberry kind strain field planting (my god) every 667m
2execute decomposed manure 1000kg, superphosphate 25kg, after mixing with Soil tillage, make the high furrow of wide 1.2～1.5m.Maternal plant field planting, carries out maternal plant field planting at the beginning of 4 months.Remove Lao Ye, sick leaf and inflorescence, balled transplanting, central 1 row of planting of every furrow, spacing in the rows 0.4m left and right.When transplanting, accomplish deeply not bury the heart, shallow not crab rooting.
Step 3: seedling management: water and fertilizer management, maternal plant irrigates field planting water after transplanting in time, survives rear intertillage and loosens the soil.When weather is fine, depending on the every 5～7d of soil dry-wet situation (my god) water 1 time, generally adopt drip irrigation, avoid broad irrigation; When rainwater is more, ditch cleaning reason Moisture, accomplishes that rain stops Tian Gan in time.If nursery stage Strawberry Seedlings leaf look light, petiole is tiny, suitably topdress, every 667m
2execute Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N: P: K is 15: 15: 15, lower same) 10kg left and right.Training is kept down the vines of a creeping plant, after strawberry maternal plant transplant survival, every 7d (my god) left and right sprays 1200～1500 times of liquid of 4% gibberellin water aqua to maternal plant lobus cardiacus, connects and sprays 2 times, sends out a stolon to promote to take out.Stolon keeps ground moistening before extracting out, and the soil is porous; When stolon starts to grow to surrounding, combing even, and keep down the vines of a creeping plant with fritter earth at eustipes part.To suitably control by the end of June Seedling density, be covered with behind field every 667m until sub-seedling
21500～2000 times of liquid of available 15% paclobutrazol wetting powder spray, sturdy to promote sub-seedling to downgrade.Meanwhile, extract in time Lao Ye, sick leaf, remove weeds in field.
Step 4: heel in, Strawberry Seedlings is generally heeled in late July to early August to ensure completing flower bud differentiation within compared with short-term, ensures bud stalwartness simultaneously.While heeling in, select pure, the eugonic rice shoot of kind in Seedlings nursery, every seedling stays 3 leaves, cuts off the stolon of nearly maternal plant end, extracts Lao Ye, sick leaf and other stolons.Large seedling is separately put into water and soak root.Heel in furrow and should select anosis plot, the general high 20cm of furrow, wide about 80cm; While heeling in, every furrow are planted 5 row, and seeding row spacing 15cm is square, accomplish deeply not bury the heart, shallow not crab rooting.After heeling in, to keep the moistening of soil, and add a cover the facilities such as sunshade net, be beneficial to slow seedling, 10d (day) left and right can open sunshade net, water generally to select carry out the dusk.
Step 5: field planting, every 667m before field planting
2execute the fertilizer 2000kg becoming thoroughly decomposed, after turning over and mixing, make the high ridge of bottom width 80cm, high 20cm, top width 40cm, and cover black mulch film, irrigate band, film lower berth, weeper upward, carry out secretly filling with under film.The field planting time is generally by the end of August to early September.Select tool 4 true leaves, more than rhizome diameter 0.6cm healthy seedling, according to spacing in the rows 15～20cm field planting, every ridge 2 row, every 667m
2with seedling 8000～10000 strains.Transplanting stock survives fills a vacancy in time afterwards.
Step 6: field management, rich water quality management, after field planting, keep ground moistening, makes Strawberry Seedlings degree of safety cross seedling-slowing stage.In the time that each plant grows 3～5 young leaves, suitably control moisture, promote root growth, keep later soil see dry see wet.Winter-Spring low temperature season wants the interior air humidity of control device unsuitable excessive, to prevent generation and the seedling excessive growth of disease.Topdress and generally beginning to spend early stage, full-bloom stage and fruit expanding period to carry out three periods.Topdress and take on a small quantity repeatedly, carry out in conjunction with pouring water.Mid-October every 667m
2execute urea 10kg; Begin to spend early stage, full-bloom stage and the every 667m of fruit expanding period
2execute respectively high-quality Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 25kg; The 1st fringe fruit expanding period start every 10～15d (my god) spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, until the end of gathering.Temperature adjusting, the temperature of strawberry optimum growth is at 20～25 DEG C, and flower bud differentiation preference temperature is 5～25 DEG C, more than 30 DEG C affects strawberry normal growth.In facility cultivation, cover after canopy film, day temperature is higher, in the time that temperature reaches more than 30 DEG C, should take off in time film, aeration-cooling; When nocturnal temperature is low, should close as early as possible canopy insulation, promote the growth of Strawberry Seedlings, prevent from entering dormancy.In the time that ambient temperature is down to 12 DEG C of left and right, should in facility, add a cover in time little shed Ji Er road canopy film, also can utilize straw screen or mat or thermal insulation quilt etc. to carry out skin simultaneously and cover, increase heat insulation effect.Pollination and flower and fruit thinning, strawberry enters the after date of yielding positive results, and should strengthen pollination and flower thinning, fruit thinning work, to promote fruit development, improves fruit quality.After plant buddings, 500 times of liquid of spraying borax 1 time, to improve the quality of floral organ.In addition, can in same facility, plant several different strawberry cultivars and mutually pollinate, reduce the formation of malformed fruit.Also can in facility, place artificial bee box, to promote pollination.
Because rudimentary flower on plant is prone to male sterile, easily cause female sterile and spend for senior time, the two all can not form normal fruit, therefore, in the time that on flower fringe, secondary inflorescence is open, according to staying fruit amount to carry out flower thinning, fruit thinning; In addition, the malformed fruit of little Hua, malformed flower and poor pollination, sick wormed fruit and the fruitlet that bleaches are not opened in excision in time, ensure growing of normal fruit, improve fruit marketability.
The extermination of disease and insect pest, facility cultivated strawberry Common Diseases has gray mold, powdery mildew etc.; Common insect pest has aphid, mole cricket, prodenia litura etc.The disease emergence period, should remove in time diseased plant, dead leaf, carry out buried or destroy; And with 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, or alternately spraying of 800 times of liquid of 50% procymidone (Sukeling) wetting powder.In order to alleviate the generation of strawberry continuous cropping obstacle and soil-borne disease, idle season soil is carried out to rice field-upland field rotation at cultivated strawberry at the end of month in May to 8.
Step 7: gather, facility strawberry generally starts to gather in late November, is advisable when fruit maturity reaches 90%～95%, handles with care when harvesting, puts, according to grade separation packaging, sale at shallow rectangle carton or Turnover Box shallow-layer.Can continue up to from late November the last ten-days period in April of Second Year harvest time.
Step 8: start swamp cabbage cultivation, after strawberry results, ground temperature starts to plant swamp cabbage while reaching more than 15 DEG C, and the maturing stage is mid-August.
After the cultivation of strawberry facility long season, to connect stubble plantation swamp cabbage, therefore it is complete to gather in mid or late April.Short with the swamp cabbage growth cycle of strawberry crop rotation, generally should before mid-August, finish to gather.
Kind is selected, and conventional swamp cabbage kind mainly contains: bengal dayflower herb waterborne, the green water spinach of Thailand willow and great Ye water spinach etc.
Grow seedlings, swamp cabbage cultivation is generally first grown seedlings and is transplanted afterwards, 30d after insemination and emergence (day) about, seedling can pull out seedling transplanting during up to 15cm; Also can carry out cottage propagation, can win female stem that cultivation field is about 20cm and carry out cuttage.
Field is prepared, plantation field in strawberry gather finish after clear field immediately, apply base manure.General every 667m
2execute the about 2000kg of the muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed.Plough the flat rear 2～3cm of the filling depth water of a kind of farm tools, for subsequent use.
Field planting, about 20cm is square for seeding row spacing.The depth of planting is be advisable equal with native face of seedling cotyledon joint.Utilize cultivation field to carry out female stem cottage propagation, female stem plant is during up to 30cm left and right, upwards stay leaf one joint at female basal part of stem, female stem the 1st, 2 successively between clip be about 20cm branch as seedling, be managed to handle, after tying up, transport to land for growing field crops and plant, transplant depth is advisable branch bottom two is saved plant in burying.The same seed shoots of Planting Densities.After field planting, field keeps 2～3cm depth water.Seedbed is cut and is executed the 10% rare solutions such as thin farmyard manure, or 0.5% urea that become thoroughly decomposed after seedling, promotes the kryptoblast of stipes base portion to sprout.15～20d (my god) after, can plant by the 2nd batch of seedling of clip; So repeatedly, can cut many batches of seedlings.Swamp cabbage is planted in rear process of growth, generally keeps 2～3cm shoaling layer.
Intertill and topdress, at the field planting initial stage, field easily grows weeds, should weed and weed and loosen the soil in time, weeds a garden, until basic envelope row.After the slow seedling of field planting, water and execute the thin farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed for 1 time 5%～10%, promote shoot and leaf growth.After gathering at every turn, every 667m
2execute 45% Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 15kg, urea 15～20kg.Fertilizer is spread on cultivation in the ranks or mixes dry fine earth and evenly spread fertilizer over the fields.
The extermination of disease and insect pest, the Major Diseases of swamp cabbage has white blister, brown spot, and insect pest has prodenia litura and Tetranychus cinnabarinus etc.Disease their early stage should be extractd disease leaf in time, and with the spraying of 500 times of liquid of 50% mancozeb wettable powder.Prodenia litura was used 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil before larva incubation period and 3 ages of larva, or 2000 times of liquid of 20% permethrin milk oil, or 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 80% DDT EC; After 3 ages, larva pesticide resistance is strong, and control efficiency is poor.Tetranychus cinnabarinus has another name called two-spotted spider mite, and multi-relation clustering is sucked juice in blade back master pulse both sides, 3000 times of liquid sprayings of 20% pyridaben for initial stage of origination (pyridaben) wetting powder.
Gather, swamp cabbage is for food with tender stem, tender leaf, should gather in time at high temperature season.While gathering, the tender tip of gathering above base portion 2nd～3 joints, with the branch that promotes that pumping is more.If branch is overstocked, tender stem growth is very thin, while gathering, can suitably heavily adopt, and removes overstocked branch, ensures product quality.In Chinese celery cultivation and consumption area, above-mentioned swamp cabbage cultivation crops for rotation can be substituted by Chinese celery sunshade net cultivation crops for rotation.
Two, for integrated pest prevention and control in strawberry and swamp cabbage planting process:
(1) environment conditioning technology:
To, by comprehensive agronomy and ring control techniques, build the habitat of plant strain growth health, reduce the chance that damage by disease and insect infects.In recent years, author is on to facility climatic and environmental factors study on regulation basis, propose the wet curtain of Greenhouse in summer and added the cooling regulation and control model that micro-spray cooling, booth sunshade net Jia Yinhei Double-color film cover, multiple covering in winter adds the regulation and control model that heats of ground hot line, to coordinate the relation between illumination, temperature and humidity, build the environment that is beneficial to plant healthy growth.In addition, remove in time stubble, cleaning ambient, avoids the pathogen of continuous cropping, accumulation from malicious secondary metabolites.
High temperature reduction sterilization in canopy: continuous cropping disease plot, gather after finishing and pull out immediately plant facility strawberry, remove increased surface covering as unregistered land film etc.Spread fertilizer over the fields rice bran 450～750kg/hm
2.Calcium cyanamide 1050～1500kg/hm is used in rice bran shortcoming area instead
2, enrich the organic fertile as cake fertilizer 3000kg/hm that do not become thoroughly decomposed of high-quality simultaneously
2or fresh domestic birds and animals muck 22500～30000kg/hm
2, adopt machinery or artificial method to intertill, rice bran, the organic fertilizer of high-quality etc. are turned in soil.Make the high ridge of wide 1.5m, high 0.3m, ground surface also covers plastic sheeting for farm use in canopy, furrow and the canopy surrounding sufficient water that irrigates through furrow in canopy.Booth upper film covers tightly, and the compacting of surrounding hilling prevents that air from entering.In conjunction with summer high temperature, make soil temperature reach 50～60 DEG C, carry out soil high-temperature reduction sterilization, kill continuous cropping field pathogen.Continuous high temperature reduction is disinfected after 20～30d, throw off as early as possible the film that earth's surface covers, and soil is let alone to expose to the sun and rain after ploughing
Vexed canopy: yield positive results the phase, humidity in canopy is dropped to below 50%, temperature is brought up to 35 DEG C, vexed canopy 2h, the cooling of then leaking informaton, continuous vexed canopy 2～3 times, can prevent and treat gray mold etc.
Warm water spraying: powdery mildew initial stage of origination, spray and on strawberry, stop 20s with the warm water of 55 DEG C, keep 50 DEG C of leaf temperature, can control generation and the development of the diseases such as powdery mildew.
(2) physical control technology:
Physical control has clean environment firendly a little, is the developing direction of plant protection.According to testing on strawberry and green vegetable, cover insect is kept outside of the door with fly net, the effective measures that prevent that insect from occurring, obtain aborning better effects, should further be widely applied, select color and the order number of fly net according to the kind of primary pest, and supporting corresponding culture technique.For the soil-borne disease control in facility, carry out soil disinfection with the method combining of being exposed to the sun with the summer high temperature envelope canopy of pouring water, can achieve good results.Yellow plate lures collection to have good prevention and elimination of disease and pests effect, on producing, will strengthen and apply.
Pest: the silver gray film tape repellent aphid that silver gray film carries out plastic mulching or hangs 10～15cm at ventilating opening is walked quickly and kept away-can be adopted to color; Fly net-leak informaton in a canopy chamber mouthful place establishes fly net, prevents the insect harm strawberry in canopy of moving into; Walk quickly and keep away-strawberry of 4 smells is planted the plant such as green onion, garlic in the ranks, plants 10～20 strains every 5～10m kind, utilizes the smell pest of green onion, garlic.
Insect-killing trapping: special yellow plate and backboard are trapped and killed-purchased to colour table, also can utilize waste paper board or fiber board, and positive and negative is coated with yellow or blue poster colour, is coated with vaseline again and adds machine oil after doing.Yellow, backboard inserts soil in canopy, or is suspended on strawberry in the ranks.Yellow plate is glutinous killing aphids mainly, and backboard mainly sticks and kills thrips.Huang, the backboard of 30cm × 18cm size need 600～900/hm
2, higher than strawberry 30～50cm.Blooming, put will be at yellow, the additional guard of backboard after honeybee, and honeybee affixes in control.In the time that aphid, thrips etc. stick plate face all over, must change in time plate or recoat glue.
Above strawberry of the present invention and water spinach rotation cropping technical step can find out, in planting process, use pesticide volume little, the pesticide pollution that soil, water and strawberry, water spinach are caused reduces greatly.
The present invention will be described to enumerate specific embodiment below:
Comparative trial: strawberry and aquatic vegetable wheel oppose after the impact of stubble strawberry
One, material:
Red cheek kind.
Two, method:
Yuan community experimental planting Natural Becreation was not ploughed soil+strawberry, Chinese celery+strawberry, water spinach+strawberry and was compared April 2 in 2012:
(1) strawberry incidence survey in booth
In Yuan community, investigate with five point samplings, each point is got totally 200 strains of 40 strain strawberries.Carry out disease survey and calculate the incidence of disease in May 15 their early stage and September 17 days morbidity Sheng phase respectively.The incidence of disease (%)=morbidity strain number/investigate total strain number × 100.
(2) economic flow rate and benefit analysis methods
Water spinach and Chinese celery output are calculated: when the processing of plantation swamp cabbage and Chinese celery is gathered at every turn, carry out output record and gather.
The pure benefit calculation of water spinach and Chinese celery: water spinach and Chinese celery unit price calculate and deduct input cost with the average wholesale price in market of Taizhou Region.
Yield of Strawberry and large fruit rate selective examination: in December 1, January 6 and February 9, early stage, mid-term and the later stage fruit to 3 processing carries out sampling Detection respectively.At identical furrow of each processing assigned address, pluck by ripe strawberry regardless of size, weigh and calculate fruit picking amount.The fruit large taking 20g left and right, as large fruit (commodity fruit) standard, measured large fruit rate.
The pure benefit of strawberry statistics: whole strawberry income picking time of each processing, deduction seed, agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, the cost such as artificial, be net earnings.
Two results:
(1) each processing the impact that a situation arises of rear stubble Diseases of Strawberry
It is obvious that their early stage water spinach+strawberry, Chinese celery+strawberry morbidity is not gentlier ploughed soil+strawberry difference significantly better than Natural Becreation; : the morbidity Sheng phase is managed the incidence of disease everywhere: Natural Becreation is not ploughed soil+strawberry (CK) > Chinese celery+strawberry > water spinach+strawberry.Water spinach+strawberry, Chinese celery+strawberry, not obvious these two processing of difference do not plough soil+strawberry (CK) with Natural Becreation compared with significant difference, it is the heaviest that Natural Becreation is not ploughed soil+strawberry (CK) morbidity.As shown in table 1 is rear stubble strawberry incidence application form after rice field-upland field rotation in 2013.
Table 1
(2) respectively process annual production and strawberry large fruit rate statistical form:
It is minimum that Natural Becreation is not ploughed soil+strawberry (CK) output.Water spinach+strawberry is higher by 0.38% than average yield, higher by 6.03% than contrast; Chinese celery+strawberry is higher by 1.11% than average yield, higher by 6.80% than contrast.
Large fruit rate is one of important goods of strawberry, as can be seen from Table 2, strawberry early stage with mid-term large fruit rate apparently higher than the later stage.Water spinach+strawberry, the early stage large fruit rate of Chinese celery+strawberry respectively than contrast high by 48.9%, 51%; Mid-term large fruit rate respectively than contrast high by 27%, 31.3%; Later stage large fruit rate respectively than contrast high by 34.5%, 38%.As shown in table 2 is annual each output and strawberry large fruit rate statistical form processed.
Table 2
(3) annual economic benefit statistics:
The pure benefit > Natural Becreation of the pure benefit > water spinach+strawberry of Chinese celery+strawberry crop rotation crop rotation is not ploughed the pure benefit of soil+strawberry (CK).The pure benefit of water spinach+strawberry, two processing of Chinese celery+strawberry than contrast respectively high by 35.8%, 39%.Therefore water spinach+strawberry and Chinese celery+strawberry crop rotation method are all desirable aborning.As shown in table 3 is annual pure benefit statistical form.
Table 3
Claims (5)
1. strawberry and a swamp cabbage crop rotation clean and effective cultivation method, is characterized in that carrying out according to following steps:
Step 1, that strawberry is selected resting stage is many compared with blooming under short, cryogenic conditions, self-pollination ability strong, fruit shape is large and neatly, the maternal plant of few, the high yield of malformed fruit, improved seeds that resistance against diseases is strong;
Step 2, Seedlings nursery is prepared, and selection physical features is higher, irrigation and drainage convenient, the field of shady and cool ventilation, first 15 days every 667m of strawberry kind strain field planting
2execute decomposed manure 1000kg, superphosphate 25kg, after mixing with Soil tillage, make the high furrow of wide 1.2～1.5m, at the beginning of 4 months, carry out maternal plant field planting, by maternal plant balled transplanting, central 1 row of planting of every furrow, spacing in the rows 0.4m, accomplishes deeply not bury the heart when transplanting, shallow not crab rooting;
Step 3, seedling management: maternal plant is transplanted backsight soil dry-wet situation and waters 1 time for every 5～7 days, if nursery stage Strawberry Seedlings leaf look light, petiole is tiny, every 667m
2execute Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 10kg, after strawberry maternal plant transplant survival, every 7 days, maternal plant lobus cardiacus is sprayed to 1200～1500 times of liquid of 4% gibberellin water aqua, connect and spray 2 times, send out stolon to promote to take out, stolon keeps ground moistening before extracting out, and the soil is porous;
Step 4: heel in, Strawberry Seedlings was heeled in late July to early August, to ensure completing flower bud differentiation within compared with short-term, ensured bud stalwartness simultaneously, while heeling in, select pure, the eugonic rice shoot of kind in Seedlings nursery, every seedling stays 3 leaves, cuts off the stolon of nearly maternal plant end, extract Lao Ye, sick leaf and other stolons, large seedling is separately put into water and soak root, heel in furrow and select anosis plot, the high 20cm of furrow, wide 80cm; While heeling in, every furrow are planted 5 row, and seeding row spacing 15cm accomplishes deeply not bury the heart, shallow not crab rooting, will keep the moistening of soil, and add a cover sunshade net after heeling in, and are beneficial to slow seedling, after 10 days, can open sunshade net;
Step 5, field planting: every 667m before field planting
2execute the fertilizer 2000kg becoming thoroughly decomposed, after turning over and mixing, make the high ridge of bottom width 80cm, high 20cm, top width 40cm, and cover black mulch film, irrigate band, film lower berth, weeper are upward, carry out secretly filling with under film, the field planting time to early September, is selected 4 true leaves of every seedling tool, more than rhizome diameter 0.6cm healthy seedling, according to spacing in the rows 15～20cm field planting by the end of August, every ridge 2 row, every 667m
2with seedling 8000～10000 strains;
Step 6, field management: after field planting, keep ground moistening, make Strawberry Seedlings degree of safety cross seedling-slowing stage, in the time that each plant grows 3～5 young leaves, suitably control moisture, promote root growth, keep soil to see later and dryly see wetly, topdress and carry out three periods in the flower early stage of beginning, full-bloom stage and fruit expanding period, topdress and take on a small quantity repeatedly, carry out in conjunction with pouring water, mid-October every 667m
2execute urea 10kg; Begin to spend early stage, full-bloom stage and the every 667m of fruit expanding period
2execute respectively high-quality Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 25kg, the 1st fringe fruit expanding period starts to spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time in every 10～15 days, until the end of gathering;
Step: 7, strawberry started to gather in mid or late November, and while gathering, fruit maturity reaches 90%～95%;
Step 8, starts swamp cabbage cultivation, and after strawberry results, ground temperature starts to plant swamp cabbage while reaching more than 15 DEG C, and the maturing stage is mid-August.
2. according to a kind of strawberry described in claim 1 and swamp cabbage crop rotation clean and effective cultivation method, it is characterized in that: in described step 1, strawberry improved seeds are peaceful jade, red cheek, Feng Xiang, a chapter Ji.
3. according to a kind of strawberry described in claim 1 and swamp cabbage rotation cropping method, it is characterized in that: in described step 3 and described step 6, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium composition is that N: P: K is 15: 15: 15.
4. according to a kind of strawberry described in claim 1 and swamp cabbage crop rotation clean and effective cultivation method, it is characterized in that: between described planting period, carry out in the extermination of disease and insect pest, in the disease emergence period, remove in time diseased plant, dead leaf, carry out buried or destroy; And with 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, or the alternately spraying of 800 times of liquid of 50% procymidone wetting powder, for alleviating the generation of strawberry continuous cropping obstacle and soil-borne disease, idle season soil is carried out to rice field-upland field rotation at cultivated strawberry at the end of month in May to 8.
5. according to a kind of strawberry described in claim 1 and swamp cabbage crop rotation clean and effective cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the swamp cabbage cultivation process of described step 8 is:
After the cultivation of strawberry facility long season, will connect stubble plantation swamp cabbage, kind is selected, and swamp cabbage kind is selected bengal dayflower herb waterborne, the green water spinach of Thailand willow or great Ye water spinach;
Grow seedlings, swamp cabbage cultivation is generally first grown seedlings and is transplanted afterwards, pulls out seedling transplanting when 30 days, seedling are up to 15cm after insemination and emergence; Also can carry out cottage propagation, can win female stem that cultivation field is about 20cm and carry out cuttage;
Field is prepared, plantation field in strawberry gather finish after clear field immediately, apply base manure;
Field planting, about 20cm is square for seeding row spacing, the depth of planting is equal with native face with seedling cotyledon joint, utilize cultivation field to carry out female stem cottage propagation, female stem plant during up to 30cm left and right, upwards stays leaf one joint at female basal part of stem, female stem the 1st, 2 successively between clip be about 20cm branch as seedling, be managed to handle, transport to land for growing field crops and plant after tying up, transplant depth is advisable branch bottom two is saved plant in burying;
The same seed shoots of Planting Densities, after field planting, field keeps 2～3cm depth water, and seedbed is cut and is executed the 10% rare solutions such as thin farmyard manure, or 0.5% urea that become thoroughly decomposed after seedling, promotes the kryptoblast of stipes base portion to sprout, and after 15～20 days, can plant by the 2nd batch of seedling of clip; So repeatedly, can cut many batches of seedlings;
Intertill and topdress, at the field planting initial stage, field easily grows weeds, should weed and weed and loosen the soil in time, weeds a garden, until basic envelope row; After the slow seedling of field planting, water and execute the thin farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed for 1 time 5%～10%, promote shoot and leaf growth; After gathering at every turn, every 667m
2execute 45% Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 15kg, urea 15～20kg; Fertilizer is spread on cultivation in the ranks or mixes dry fine earth and evenly spread fertilizer over the fields;
The extermination of disease and insect pest, disease their early stage should be extractd disease leaf in time, and with the spraying of 500 times of liquid of 50% mancozeb wettable powder;
Gather, swamp cabbage is for food with tender stem, tender leaf, should gather in time at high temperature season, and while gathering, the tender tip of gathering above base portion 2nd～3 joints, with the branch that promotes that pumping is more.
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| CN104472344A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-01 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Breeding method of large fruit type day-neutralstrawberry |
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| CN104509363A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-15 | 安徽恒进农业发展有限公司 | Two-stage seedling raising method for strawberries |
| CN105900630A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-08-31 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Strawberry pollution-free planting method |
| CN106717753A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-05-31 | 桐梓县茅石乡龙会村蔬菜种植场 | Strawberry cultivation method |
| CN107493715A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-12-22 | 杨兆权 | A kind of processing method for preventing the greenhouse strawberry continuous cropping plot soil salinization |
| CN107360832A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-11-21 | 宿州市埇桥区德丰种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of strawberry |
| CN107580991A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2018-01-16 | 广州市汇吉科技企业孵化器有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Silicon-rich strawberry |
| CN107810798A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-03-20 | 安徽健禾农业开发有限公司 | A kind of strawberry Corn Rotation System method |
| CN113115689A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-07-16 | 魏秀翠 | Overhead layer type greenhouse strawberry planting method |
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Application publication date: 20140910 |