CN105532216A - Planting method for gastrodia elata f.glauca - Google Patents
Planting method for gastrodia elata f.glauca Download PDFInfo
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- CN105532216A CN105532216A CN201510904888.6A CN201510904888A CN105532216A CN 105532216 A CN105532216 A CN 105532216A CN 201510904888 A CN201510904888 A CN 201510904888A CN 105532216 A CN105532216 A CN 105532216A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/10—Mycorrhiza; Mycorrhizal associations
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for gastrodia elata f.glauca. The method comprises: 1) preparing strain, including a, culturing armillaria mellea and preparing germination bacteria; 2) preparing materials, including a, preparing a bacterial material, b, preparing a medium; 3) screening gastrodia seeds; 4) breeding; 5) culturing; 6) and managing, including a, watering in proper time, b, overwintering and protecting from cold, c, performing sun protection; 7) harvesting, harvesting in second year winter, removing covered soil, prizing the bacterial material from one end of a cellar, and taking out large and small corms, the gastrodia elata f.glauca formed with stems and buds being commodity gastrodia, and other corms being transplanted as gastrodia seeds. The method uses a clone vegetative propagation technology on good individuals, and uses a chemical agent to induce the armillaria mellea to breed, and uses a humus-free cultivation technology. The method solves problems of serious varietal complexity and genetic depression of the gastrodia elata f.glauca in one time when the gastrodia elata f.glauca is planted, so yield of the planted gastrodia elata f.glauca is higher and quality is better.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of implantation methods of gastrodia elata f. glauca.
Background technology
Rhizoma Gastrodiae (Gastrodiaelata) is orchid, and root-like stock is plump, and unrooted is without leaf, and often with stem tuber or seed growing, nutritional mode is special.Main product in Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, the ground such as Shaanxi, its dry tuber, also known as gastrodia elata f. glauca, is conventional rare traditional Chinese medicine, its rhizome medicinal to treat the disease such as headache is dizzy, extremity numbness, child convulsion.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae frequent species has gastrodia elata f. glauca, red gastrodia elata f. glauca, loose gastrodia elata f. glauca etc.; past relies on wild resource always; be chosen as by World Conservation Union (IUCN) species of easily endangering; and be put in the appendix II of " CITES " (CITES); also be put in China's " national key protected wild plants register (second batch) ", be II grade of protective plant simultaneously.
The 20 wild change men of century 70 plant successfully, and rhizoma Gastrodiae is planted by family becomes staple source.Wherein, comparatively well-known is gastrodia elata f. glauca, and gastrodia elata f. glauca is good with form, and Drying rate is high, Functionality, quality and appealing design, and redder gastrodia elata f. glauca, the price of yellow gastrodia elata f. glauca exceeds three or four times.But increasing in recent years along with Planting Years, the increase of area, gastrodia elata f. glauca plantation is bred and be there is serious variet complexity, plants the problem of sexual involution, causes that per unit area yield is low, quality declines.If these valuable ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine are not noted preserving, Optimization Planting technology, will have a strong impact on the medicinal of gastrodia elata f. glauca and edibility, thus the sustainable development of restriction gastrodia elata f. glauca industry.
Summary of the invention
The invention is intended to the implantation methods that a kind of gastrodia elata f. glauca is provided, the problem that the rear per unit area yield of prior art gastrodia elata f. glauca plantation is low to solve, quality declines.
The implantation methods of the gastrodia elata f. glauca in this programme, comprises following step:
1) cultivation of close ring bacterium shoestring: use 0.5%NH
3h
2o solution-treated halimasch shoestring;
2) get the raw materials ready: the preparation of a, bacterium material bacterium branch: cut-off footpath is the trunk of 10 ~ 15cm deciduous species, the sections that 10 ~ 15cm grown into by saw makes bacterium material, and bacterium material is cut out fish scale mouth; The little sections that the branch of diameter 3 ~ 5cm is chopped to 5 ~ 6cm makes bacterium branch; It is for subsequent use that the fresh leaf getting deciduous species shreds into 3 ~ 5cm; The preparation of b, matrix: operating weight ratio be 35 ~ 50% sawdusts and 50 ~ 65% the moistening river sand without shale mix thoroughly and to use as matrix afterwards;
3) plant fiber crops screening: at wild gastrodia elata f. glauca of gathering in strict accordance with criterion picks, a, select Drying rate more than 30%, without wrinkle, ring grain unanimously, entire body ecru, short cylindrical stem tuber not with any sick worm, scar; B, kind fiber crops focus within the scope of 200 ~ 400g;
4) breeding: ridging is carried out educating fiber crops, screening plant, selects elite plant to carry out directive breeding, the self-pollination of bolting Post flowering, latter 20 days seed maturities of pollinating, capsule of upwards gathering successively gradually from fruit ear lower end;
5) select height above sea level in the wasteland of the cloudy half light of 1200 ~ 1600m half, to dig out be 25 ~ 30cm deeply, length and wide be the cellar for storing things of 50 ~ 60cm, by leveling of loosening the soil at the bottom of cellar for storing things, the fresh leaf in lay one deck 3 ~ 5cm step 2; 4 ~ 6 root fungus material interval 3 ~ 5cm are carried out yaw, fills up bacterium branch in the gap of adjacent two root fungus materials, the halimasch shoestring after process in step 1 is embedded in fish scale mouth, in two section part and space; Afterwards the gastrodia elata f. glauca capsule of harvesting within two days and Germination Strain are dressed seed, be placed on halimasch both sides and top, the matrix be covered with in the gap of bacterium branch in one deck step 2 compresses, and at the fresh leaf fragment that bacterium material upper surface paving 3 ~ 5cm is thick, bacterium material covers the new soil that one deck is buried;
6) manage: a, watering: sow after 15 ~ 25 days, sprinkle water 1 time in cellar for storing things, spill 1 time again when the seed of gastrodia elata f. glauca has been sprouted, the humid control of soil is 30% ~ 50%; Mid or late August ~ September, every 15 ~ 20 days watering 1 time, the humid control of soil 50% ~ 60%, after October, without the need to watering;
B, survive the winter cold-proof: when ground temperature drops to 3 ~ 5 DEG C, at cellar for storing things face upper cover 5 ~ 10cm straw, temperature 8 DEG C with time, remove lid grass;
C, sun-proof: when temperature exceeds 28 DEG C, scaffolding, intercropping long-stalked crop and add a cover the optional one of sunshade net, carry out sunshade to cellar for storing things;
7) remove the covering earth on cellar for storing things, prize bacterium material from one end, cellar for storing things and take out gastrodia elata f. glauca, the gastrodia elata f. glauca forming scape bud is commodity fiber crops, and all the other gastrodia elata f. glaucas are as kind of fiber crops.
In the present invention halimasch, many growths are at the broad-leaved such as coniferous tree and Fagaceae butt, root and fall on wood, cap meat, and honey is yellow to light yellow, and have calm and upright ramentum, there is striped at edge; Be rich in protein, multivitamin, ergosterol, mannitol and 10 several amino acids, be used to the symbiont doing artificial gastrodia cultivation, for the growth of rhizoma Gastrodiae provides nutrition.
Germination Strain in the present invention provides nutrition for seeds of Gastrodia elata rudiment: gastrodia elata sexual propagation, i.e. seminal propagation are one of main paties preventing gastrodia tuber from degradation; Seeds of Gastrodia elata is small, is only made up of archiblast without endosperm, and its sprouting infects embryo by Mycena (Mycena) class hypha,hyphae provides nutrition, and being referred to as this kind of fungi promoting gastrodia seed germination is gastrodia elata seed Germination bacterium.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: one, halimasch growth rate is slow, and anti-hybrid ability is weak, is easily suppressed by miscellaneous bacteria, even kills, and greatly have impact on the development of gastrodia elata f. glauca industry, and by adding 0.5%NH
3h
2the chemical agent of O solution induces the breeding of close ring bacterium can improve close ring bacterium breeding rate, and then improves the Quality and yield of gastrodia elata f. glauca.Two, the cultivation quality of gastrodia elata f. glauca mixes, very different, and the output of individual plant, quality, adaptability have larger difference, therefore strict kind fiber crops screening code, excellent strain screening and directive breeding is formulated, again by self-pollination, excellent seed can be obtained, improve gastrodia elata f. glauca quality.Three, rhizoma Gastrodiae is generally born in the more and moistening sylvan life of humus, but also can impact halimasch containing some miscellaneous bacterias in humus, thus affect the output of rhizoma Gastrodiae, and matrix and leaf fragment, when providing nutriment to gastrodia elata f. glauca, avoid introducing other miscellaneous bacterias or harmful substance affects gastrodia elata f. glauca.The present invention uses and carries out chemical agent to fine individual plant and induce the breeding of close ring bacterium, excellent breeding technique and without humus culture technique, the serious variet complexity occurred during disposable solution gastrodia elata f. glauca plantation, the problem of kind of sexual involution, makes that the gastrodia elata f. glauca output of plantation is higher, better quality.
Preferably, general halimasch growth rate is slow, and anti-hybrid ability is weak, is easily suppressed by miscellaneous bacteria, even kills, and greatly have impact on the growth of gastrodia elata f. glauca, so the growing ability in order to improve halimasch, uses chemical agent mutagenesis halimasch; In described step 3, the process of halimasch is: shoestring halimasch being cut into 0.5cm segment, and putting into concentration is 0.5%NH
3h
22min is soaked in O solution.
Preferred further, 2 ~ 30,000 seeds are had in a gastrodia elata f. glauca capsule, but under natural conditions, germination rate is very low, therefore improve and mix with Germination Strain the capsule amount broadcast, take the circumstances into consideration the seeding quantity increasing seed, utilize the advantage that gastrodia elata f. glauca seed amount is many, ensure that the gastrodia elata f. glauca after germinateing has more quantity, and then improve the output of gastrodia elata f. glauca, be generally 1kg Germination Strain and 16 ~ 18 gastrodia elata f. glauca capsules during tradition plantation to mix and broadcast, therefore described step 5 cultivated species, mix according to the ratio of 1kg Germination Strain and 20 ~ 30 gastrodia elata f. glauca capsules and broadcast.
A step is preferred again, in the fungus medicinal material culture matrix of gastrodia elata f. glauca, containing a large amount of lignocellulose of termite eating and the protein of some, the nutriments such as vitamin, the place that simultaneously culture matrix is placed often possesses the temperature that characteristic of living with termite matches, humidity and acid-base value, if do not note cleaning up when planting, termite is except harm bacterium material, also can eat into food gastrodia elata f. glauca protocorm and stem tuber, and then cause the gastrodia elata f. glauca underproduction even to lose receipts, therefore before the fresh leaf of cellar for storing things end lay, first sprinkle the termite-proof medicine that one deck is mixed by ethiprole and active carbon.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation:
Embodiment 1: a kind of implantation methods of gastrodia elata f. glauca, comprises following step:
1) cultivation of the preparation of bacterial classification: a, halimasch shoestring: close ring bacterium is outside purchase, and halimasch shoestring is cut into the shoestring of 0.5cm segment, putting into concentration is 0.5%NH
3h
2for subsequent use after soaking 2min in O solution; Germination Strain is outside purchase.
2) get the raw materials ready: the preparation of a, bacterium material: cut-off footpath is the trunk of the Qinggang Tree of 10 ~ 15cm, the sections that 10 ~ 15cm grown into by saw makes bacterium material, and bacterium material is cut out the fish scale mouth of 1 ~ 2cm; Qinggang Tree diameter is chopped to the little sections of 5 ~ 6cm as bacterium branch at the branch of 3 ~ 5cm; It is for subsequent use that the fresh leaf getting Qinggang Tree shreds into 3 ~ 5cm; The preparation of b, matrix: operating weight is than the sawdust and 65% mix thoroughly without the moistening river sand of shale and to use as matrix afterwards that are 35%.
3) plant fiber crops screening: at wild gastrodia elata f. glauca of gathering in strict accordance with criterion picks, a, select that Drying rate is 30%, exterior quality is good, joint number is few, without obvious, ring grain unanimously, entire body ecru, short cylindrical stem tuber not with any sick worm, scar; B, kind fiber crops focus within the scope of 200 ~ 400g.
4) breeding: ridging is carried out educating fiber crops, screening plant, selects elite plant to carry out directive breeding, the self-pollination of bolting Post flowering, latter 20 days seed maturities of pollinating, capsule of upwards gathering successively gradually from fruit ear lower end.
5) cultivate: start November then, select height above sea level in the wasteland of the cloudy half light of 1200 ~ 1600m half, dig out is 25 ~ 30cm deeply, long and wide is the cellar for storing things of 50 ~ 60cm, by leveling of loosening the soil at the bottom of cellar for storing things, first sprinkle the termite-proof medicine that one deck is mixed by ethiprole and active carbon, the fresh leaf fragment made of lay one deck 3 ~ 5cm afterwards, by bacterium material interval 3 ~ 5cm yaw 4 ~ 6, bacterium branch is filled up in gap between bacterium material, after step 1 is processed halimasch shoestring embed in fish scale mouth, in two section part and space, afterwards the gastrodia elata f. glauca capsule of harvesting within two days and Germination Strain are dressed seed, the standard mixing being equipped with 20 gastrodia elata f. glauca capsules according to 1kg Germination Strain is mixed thoroughly, be placed on halimasch both sides and top again, be covered with one deck matrix afterwards to compress in the gap of bacterium branch, at the fresh leaf fragment that bacterium material upper surface paving 3 ~ 5cm is thick, to be covered with one deck newly native, be limited not reveal bacterium material.
6) manage: a, in good time watering: sow after 15 ~ 25 days, can sprinkle water 1 time on gastrodia elata f. glauca cellar for storing things, when gastrodia elata f. glauca seed is sprouted, at this moment spill 1 time again, keep the moistening of soil, humid control is 30% ~ 50% later; Mid or late August ~ September, every watering in 15 ~ 20 days 1 time, the humid control of soil is 50% ~ 60%, and after October, temperature declines gradually, without the need to water spray; B, survive the winter cold-proof: after November, temperature declines gradually, when local temperature drop is to 3 ~ 5 DEG C, can store face upper cover 5 ~ 10cm straw at gastrodia elata f. glauca, when spring, temperature was stabilized in more than 8 DEG C, remove lid grass; C, sun-proof: June ~ megathermal period in August, when temperature exceeds 28 DEG C, put up a shed and sunshade is carried out to cellar for storing things.
7) gather in the crops: winter next year can adopt, remove and cover earth, prize bacterium material from one end, cellar for storing things and take out gastrodia elata f. glauca, the gastrodia elata f. glauca forming scape bud is commodity fiber crops, and all the other gastrodia elata f. glaucas are transplanted as kind of fiber crops.
Embodiment 2:
1) cultivation of the preparation of bacterial classification: a, close ring bacterium shoestring: close ring bacterium is outside purchase, and halimasch shoestring is cut into the shoestring of 0.5cm segment, putting into concentration is 0.5%NH
3h
2for subsequent use after soaking 2min in O solution; Germination Strain is outside purchase.
2) get the raw materials ready: the preparation of a, bacterium material: cut-off footpath is the trunk of the Qinggang Tree of 10 ~ 15cm, the sections that 10 ~ 15cm grown into by saw makes bacterium material, and bacterium material is cut out the fish scale mouth of 1 ~ 2cm; Qinggang Tree diameter is chopped to the little sections of 5 ~ 6cm as bacterium branch at the branch of 3 ~ 5cm; It is for subsequent use that the fresh leaf getting Qinggang Tree shreds into 3 ~ 5cm; The preparation of b, matrix: operating weight is than the sawdust and 60% mix thoroughly without the moistening river sand of shale and to use as matrix afterwards that are 40%.
3) plant fiber crops screening: at wild gastrodia elata f. glauca of gathering in strict accordance with criterion picks, a, select that Drying rate is 32%, exterior quality is good, joint number is few, without obvious, ring grain unanimously, entire body ecru, short cylindrical stem tuber not with any sick worm, scar; B, kind fiber crops focus within the scope of 200 ~ 400g.
4) breeding: ridging is carried out educating fiber crops, screening plant, selects elite plant to carry out directive breeding, the self-pollination of bolting Post flowering, latter 20 days seed maturities of pollinating, capsule of upwards gathering successively gradually from fruit ear lower end.
5) cultivate: start November then, select height above sea level in the wasteland of the cloudy half light of 1200 ~ 1600m half, dig out is 25 ~ 30cm deeply, long and wide is the cellar for storing things of 50 ~ 60cm, by leveling of loosening the soil at the bottom of cellar for storing things, first sprinkle the termite-proof medicine that one deck is mixed by ethiprole and active carbon, the fresh leaf fragment made of lay one deck 3 ~ 5cm afterwards, by bacterium material interval 3 ~ 5cm yaw 4 ~ 6, bacterium branch is filled up in gap between bacterium material, after step 1 is processed halimasch shoestring embed in fish scale mouth, in two section part and space, afterwards the gastrodia elata f. glauca capsule of harvesting within two days and Germination Strain are dressed seed, the standard mixing being equipped with 25 gastrodia elata f. glauca capsules according to 1kg Germination Strain is mixed thoroughly, be placed on halimasch both sides and top again, be covered with one deck matrix afterwards to compress in the gap of bacterium branch, at the fresh leaf fragment that bacterium material upper surface paving 3 ~ 5cm is thick, to be covered with one deck newly native, be limited not reveal bacterium material.
6) manage: a, in good time watering: sow after 15 ~ 25 days, can sprinkle water 1 time on gastrodia elata f. glauca cellar for storing things, when gastrodia elata f. glauca seed is sprouted, at this moment spill 1 time again, keep the moistening of soil, humid control is 30% ~ 50% later; Mid or late August ~ September, every watering in 15 ~ 20 days 1 time, the humid control of soil is 50% ~ 60%, and after October, temperature declines gradually, without the need to water spray; B, survive the winter cold-proof: after November, temperature declines gradually, when local temperature drop is to 3 ~ 5 DEG C, can store face upper cover 5 ~ 10cm straw at gastrodia elata f. glauca, when spring, temperature was stabilized in more than 8 DEG C, remove lid grass; C, sun-proof: June ~ megathermal period in August, when temperature exceeds 28 DEG C, a kind high-stem plant carries out sunshade to cellar for storing things.
7) gather in the crops: winter next year can adopt, remove and cover earth, prize bacterium material from one end, cellar for storing things and take out gastrodia elata f. glauca, the gastrodia elata f. glauca forming scape bud is commodity fiber crops, and all the other gastrodia elata f. glaucas are transplanted as kind of fiber crops.
Embodiment 3:
1) cultivation of the preparation of bacterial classification: a, close ring bacterium shoestring: close ring bacterium is outside purchase, and halimasch shoestring is cut into the shoestring of 0.5cm segment, putting into concentration is 0.5%NH
3h
2for subsequent use after soaking 2min in O solution; Germination Strain is outside purchase.
2) get the raw materials ready: the preparation of a, bacterium material: cut-off footpath is the trunk of the Qinggang Tree of 10 ~ 15cm, the sections that 10 ~ 15cm grown into by saw makes bacterium material, and bacterium material is cut out the fish scale mouth of 1 ~ 2cm; Qinggang Tree diameter is chopped to the little sections of 5 ~ 6cm as bacterium branch at the branch of 3 ~ 5cm; It is for subsequent use that the fresh leaf getting Qinggang Tree shreds into 3 ~ 5cm; The preparation of b, matrix: operating weight is than the sawdust and 50% mix thoroughly without the moistening river sand of shale and to use as matrix afterwards that are 50%.
3) plant fiber crops screening: at wild gastrodia elata f. glauca of gathering in strict accordance with criterion picks, a, select that Drying rate is 35%, exterior quality is good, joint number is few, without obvious, ring grain unanimously, entire body ecru, short cylindrical stem tuber not with any sick worm, scar; B, kind fiber crops focus within the scope of 200 ~ 400g.
4) breeding: ridging is carried out educating fiber crops, screening plant, selects elite plant to carry out directive breeding, the self-pollination of bolting Post flowering, latter 20 days seed maturities of pollinating, capsule of upwards gathering successively gradually from fruit ear lower end.
5) cultivate: start November then, select height above sea level in the wasteland of the cloudy half light of 1200 ~ 1600m half, dig out is 25 ~ 30cm deeply, long and wide is the cellar for storing things of 50 ~ 60cm, by leveling of loosening the soil at the bottom of cellar for storing things, first sprinkle the termite-proof medicine that one deck is mixed by ethiprole and active carbon, the fresh leaf fragment made of lay one deck 3 ~ 5cm afterwards, by bacterium material interval 3 ~ 5cm yaw 4 ~ 6, bacterium branch is filled up in gap between bacterium material, after step 1 is processed halimasch shoestring embed in fish scale mouth, in two section part and space, afterwards the gastrodia elata f. glauca capsule of harvesting within two days and Germination Strain are dressed seed, the standard mixing being equipped with 30 gastrodia elata f. glauca capsules according to 1kg Germination Strain is mixed thoroughly, be placed on halimasch both sides and top again, be covered with one deck matrix afterwards to compress in the gap of bacterium branch, at the fresh leaf fragment that bacterium material upper surface paving 3 ~ 5cm is thick, to be covered with one deck newly native, be limited not reveal bacterium material.
6) manage: a, in good time watering: sow after 15 ~ 25 days, can sprinkle water 1 time on gastrodia elata f. glauca cellar for storing things, when gastrodia elata f. glauca seed is sprouted, at this moment spill 1 time again, keep the moistening of soil, humid control is 30% ~ 50% later; Mid or late August ~ September, every watering in 15 ~ 20 days 1 time, the humid control of soil is 50% ~ 60%, and after October, temperature declines gradually, without the need to water spray; B, survive the winter cold-proof: after November, temperature declines gradually, when local temperature drop is to 3 ~ 5 DEG C, can store face upper cover 5 ~ 10cm straw at gastrodia elata f. glauca, when spring, temperature was stabilized in more than 8 DEG C, remove lid grass; C, sun-proof: June ~ megathermal period in August, when temperature exceeds 28 DEG C, Da sunshade net carries out sunshade to cellar for storing things.
7) gather in the crops: winter next year can adopt, remove and cover earth, prize bacterium material from one end, cellar for storing things and take out gastrodia elata f. glauca, the gastrodia elata f. glauca forming scape bud is commodity fiber crops, and all the other gastrodia elata f. glaucas are transplanted as kind of fiber crops.
Test: choose same height above sea level, the similar 8 mu of soils of soil condition are as experimental field, be divided into 8 blocks of impartial soils: the existing cultivation method in this area as a control group 1(does not have the process of halimasch shoestring, do not have excellent strain to cultivate and screening, use humus to mix as the halimasch of matrix, 1kg to broadcast 17 gastrodia elata f. glauca capsules), control group 2 is only not carry out any process to halimasch shoestring with the difference of embodiment 2; Control group 3 is only do not use excellent strain to cultivate and screen with the difference of embodiment 2; Control group 4 is to use humus as matrix with the only difference of embodiment 2; With the difference of embodiment 2, control group 5 is only that the halimasch of 1kg mixes and broadcasts 17 gastrodia elata f. glauca capsules; 3 embodiments of the present invention are as experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and experimental group 3.Other way to manages are consistent, the gastrodia elata f. glauca that winter next year gathers, and output (mean unit square output) and quality (Gastrodin average content) add up as follows:
Table 1
Conclusion: 1,3 embodiments of the present invention compare with the implantation methods of prior art, and seed output and quality significantly improves; 2 and experimental group 2 and the difference of control group 2 are only that control group does not carry out chemical induction process to halimasch shoestring, upper as can be seen from table, the seed output and quality of control group 2 is obviously improved, but still lower than experimental group 2, this is because use 0.5%NH
3h
2o solution is handled well halimasch shoestring, is conducive to the ability of growing improving halimasch, and then the Quality and yield of gastrodia elata f. glauca is increased; 3 and experimental group 2 and the difference of control group 3 are only that control group does not use excellent strain to cultivate and screens, upper as can be seen from table, the seed output and quality of control group 3 improves more, but still lower than experimental group 2, this is because use excellent strain to cultivate and screening, outstanding female parent just can grow the gastrodia elata f. glauca of high-quality and high yield; 4, use humus to introduce miscellaneous bacteria, can impact the growth of halimasch, and then affect the Quality and yield of gastrodia elata f. glauca, therefore control group 4 is still lower than experimental group 2; 5, gastrodia elata f. glauca capsule is sprouted low under field conditions (factors), mix by what increase gastrodia elata f. glauca capsule the amount of broadcasting, improve the output of gastrodia elata f. glauca, and the content of Gastrodin can not be affected, the output of upper table experimental group 2 that Here it is is higher than control group 5, but the reason that the content of Gastrodin is but consistent.In sum, planting technology of the present invention is more conducive to provide the gastrodia elata f. glauca of high yield and high quality to meet the demand in market.
Claims (4)
1. an implantation methods for gastrodia elata f. glauca, is characterized in that, comprises following step:
1) cultivation of close ring bacterium shoestring: use 0.5%NH
3h
2o solution-treated halimasch shoestring;
2) get the raw materials ready: the preparation of a, bacterium material bacterium branch: cut-off footpath is the trunk of 10 ~ 15cm deciduous species, the sections that 10 ~ 15cm grown into by saw makes bacterium material, and bacterium material is cut out fish scale mouth; The little sections that the branch of diameter 3 ~ 5cm is chopped to 5 ~ 6cm makes bacterium branch; It is for subsequent use that the fresh leaf getting deciduous species shreds into 3 ~ 5cm; The preparation of b, matrix: operating weight ratio be 35 ~ 50% sawdusts and 50 ~ 65% the moistening river sand without shale mix thoroughly and to use as matrix afterwards;
3) plant fiber crops screening: at wild gastrodia elata f. glauca of gathering in strict accordance with criterion picks, a, select Drying rate more than 30%, without wrinkle, ring grain unanimously, entire body ecru, short cylindrical stem tuber not with any sick worm, scar; B, kind fiber crops focus within the scope of 200 ~ 400g;
4) breeding: ridging is carried out educating fiber crops, screening plant, selects elite plant to carry out directive breeding, the self-pollination of bolting Post flowering, after seed maturity, and capsule of upwards gathering successively gradually from fruit ear lower end;
5) cultivate: select height above sea level in the wasteland of the cloudy half light of 1200 ~ 1600m half, to dig out be 25 ~ 30cm deeply, length and wide be the cellar for storing things of 50 ~ 60cm, by leveling of loosening the soil at the bottom of cellar for storing things, the fresh leaf in lay one deck 3 ~ 5cm step 2; 4 ~ 6 root fungus material interval 3 ~ 5cm are carried out yaw, fills up bacterium branch in the gap of adjacent two root fungus materials, the halimasch shoestring after process in step 1 is embedded in fish scale mouth, in two section part and space; Afterwards the gastrodia elata f. glauca capsule of harvesting within two days and Germination Strain are dressed seed, be placed on halimasch both sides and top, the matrix be covered with in the gap of bacterium branch in one deck step 2 compresses, and at the fresh leaf fragment that bacterium material upper surface paving 3 ~ 5cm is thick, bacterium material covers the new soil that one deck is buried;
6) manage: a, watering: sow after 15 ~ 25 days, sprinkle water 1 time in cellar for storing things, spill 1 time again when the seed of gastrodia elata f. glauca has been sprouted, the humid control of soil is 30% ~ 50%; Mid or late August ~ September, every 15 ~ 20 days watering 1 time, the humid control of soil 50% ~ 60%, after October, without the need to watering;
B, survive the winter cold-proof: when ground temperature drops to 3 ~ 5 DEG C, at cellar for storing things face upper cover 5 ~ 10cm straw, temperature 8 DEG C with time, remove lid grass;
C, sun-proof: when temperature exceeds 28 DEG C, scaffolding, intercropping long-stalked crop and add a cover the optional one of sunshade net, carry out sunshade to cellar for storing things;
7) gather in the crops: winter next year can adopt, remove and cover earth, prize bacterium material from one end, cellar for storing things and take out gastrodia elata f. glauca, the gastrodia elata f. glauca forming scape bud is commodity fiber crops, and all the other gastrodia elata f. glaucas are transplanted as kind of fiber crops.
2. the implantation methods of gastrodia elata f. glauca according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 1, the process of halimasch shoestring is: shoestring halimasch shoestring being cut into 0.5cm segment, and putting into concentration is 0.5%NH
3h
22min is soaked in O solution.
3. the implantation methods of gastrodia elata f. glauca according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: in described cultivation step, mixes broadcast according to the ratio of 1kg Germination Strain and 20 ~ 30 gastrodia elata f. glauca capsules.
4. the implantation methods of gastrodia elata f. glauca according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in described cultivation step, before the fresh leaf of cellar for storing things end lay, first sprinkles the termite-proof medicine that one deck is mixed by ethiprole and active carbon.
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| CN105875178A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-08-24 | 贵州习部中药材种植农民专业合作社 | Cultivation method imitating wild conditions for Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow |
| CN105960995A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-09-28 | 宜昌市裕禾菌业有限公司 | Gathering cultivation method of gastrodia elata B1.f.glauca S.Chow |
| CN106105706A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-11-16 | 青川翊瑞农产品有限责任公司 | A kind of G. Elata B1f. G1auca S Chow planting technology |
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| CN110199830A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-09-06 | 正安县顺发中药材种植有限公司 | A kind of gastrodia elata f. glauca planting material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110463547B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2022-10-21 | 十堰市农业科学院 | High-yield cultivation method for interplanting gastrodia elata and pachyrhizua angulatus |
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| CN115250894A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-11-01 | 付凯 | Method for soilless culture of gastrodia elata seeds and/or commercial gastrodia elata |
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