CN103329713A - Method for cultivating and rejuvenating gastrodia elata stumps - Google Patents
Method for cultivating and rejuvenating gastrodia elata stumps Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating and rejuvenating gastrodia elata stumps, and belongs to the technical field of cultivation of gastrodia elata. The method includes the technical steps of stump selecting, cultivating time determining, cultivating method determining, harvesting method determining and the like. Obvious improvement of appearance of the gastrodia elata can be ensured, the water content is obviously reduced, one-grade gastrodia elata yield is increased, the problems of seed nature degeneration, disease resistance reducing, uncertain yield and the like caused by multi-generation sexual propagation of the gastrodia elata are effectively solved, and sustainable utilization level of gastrodia elata genetic resources is greatly improved. Meanwhile, plough land and wood are saved. Remarkable ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits are achieved.
Description
Technical field: the present invention relates to rhizoma Gastrodiae, particularly a kind of rejuvenation cultivating method of rhizoma Gastrodiae.
Background technology: Gastrodia (Gastrodia) belongs to tree orchid subfamily (Epidendy01deae), rhizoma Gastrodiae family (Gastrodieae), rhizoma Gastrodiae subtribe (Gastrodinae) in the orchid family (orchi daceae).China Gastrodia plant has been found 6 kinds, i.e. the former rhizoma Gastrodiae of rhizoma Gastrodiae (G.elata) (G.sn8usta), thin rhizoma Gastrodiae (G.gracilis), Nan Tian fiber crops (C.javanica), wart rhizoma Gastrodiae (G.tuberculata).It straw is single, and is upright, cylindrical, high 30～150 centimetres, yellowish-brown, and the bottom is dredged and is given birth to several pieces of membranous sheaths.No greenery, the leaf flakey, membranous, alternate, bottom sheath shape is embraced stem.Underground stem tuber plumpness, oblong, ovum shape oblong or dumb-bell shape are about 10 (20) centimetre, and thick 3-5 (7) centimetre, meat, normal flat crouching; Uniform link is arranged, the broad-ovate membranous scale of verticillate most triangular shapes on the joint.Give birth on the raceme top, and the florescence significantly extends, and long 30-50 centimetre, tool flower 30-50 (100); Bract is membranous, and oval shape lanceolar is about 1-1.5 centimetre, and is closely isometric with ovary (connecting bennet); Spend light greenish yellow, bluish-green, orange red or yellow-white, near upright, the long 3-5 millimeter of bennet; Sepal becomes perianth tube with the petal symphysis, about 1 centimetre of tube length, and the oral area deflection, diameter 5-7 millimeter, top 5 is split; Calyx lobe is greater than corolla lobe; Lip white, tip 3 splits; Lip is hidden in the tube, no distance, and oval shape oval is about 7 millimeters, top edge tasselled shape; Long 5～6 millimeters of gynostemium, ovary is the next, obovate, the ovary handle reverses, and column cap 3 splits.Capsule Long Circle or obovate, long 1.2～1.8 centimetres, diameter 8-9 millimeter.Seed is many and minimum, powdered.6～July of florescence, really 7～August of phase.Belong to food bacterium property herbaceous plant, complete stool does not contain chlorophyll, and unrooted is with the bacterium symbiosis.
The extensive family of rhizoma Gastrodiae plants and starts from the seventies in last century Beijing medicine Xu Jintang of institute professor after the Hanzhong obtains the breeding of sexual system, its seed propagation method is: select the above arrow rhizoma Gastrodiae that goes out of heavy 100 grams to do kind of fiber crops, kind of fiber crops cultivate in indoor or outside have in the canopy that hides the rain condition, strengthen artificially controlling temperature preserve moisture allow its heading, bloom, carry out artificial pollination.Admix three grades of kinds of Germination Strain behind the fruit maturation, standby bacterium bed upper strata bacterium material is taken out, claw the soil on lower floor's bacterium material, the leaf that withered ebb tide is wet is sprinkling upon on lower floor's bacterium material, flattens slightly, evenly be sprinkling upon seed on the leaf, on cover a thin sheet of moist fallen leaves, put into one deck bacterium material, 10～15 centimetres of last earthing.1 year autumn can be received a part of arrow fiber crops, hemp, son fiber crops and a large amount of rice fiber crops, planted as the kind of stem tuber breeding.
The technology that rhizoma Gastrodiae man plants is very ripe, but, use house to plant the arrow fiber crops and do kind to carry out that sexual propagation has caused kind of a property decline, elongated, the moisture increase of commodity fiber crops body, output and the disease resistance ability of producing seriously descend, and have hindered the sustainable development of rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual propagation.
Summary of the invention:
Purpose of the present invention goes on foot into the fiber crops cultivation by imitative wild environment one, filter out the substantial arrow fiber crops of growth as the kind fiber crops of sexual propagation by individuality, effectively rejuvenation plant fiber crops, alleviated rhizoma Gastrodiae kind sexual involution process, when having guaranteed that the extensive family of rhizoma Gastrodiae plants, the yielding ability of rhizoma Gastrodiae, disease resistance and rhizoma Gastrodiae commodity can increase substantially planting benefit.Simultaneously, also be the method that rhizoma Gastrodiae is planted by a kind of family of the forest zone masses.Utilize this method need not occupy cultivated land, need not to cut down forest, utilize branch that the tending of woods shaves to cultivate and be the bacterium branch, become the bacterium material after allowing withered felling the stub that stays connects bacterium as the bacterium source by the bacterium branch, as the many generation growths of rhizoma Gastrodiae desired nutritional source.Because the stub root system gos deep into tens centimeters to several meters of soil layers, can effectively prevent the deadly unfavorable factor of mycelium arid that especially big arid is brought, having reduced the pouring of taking precautions against drought and having dropped into; Protection utilization for germ plasm resource, the forest resources reduces production costs, and has tangible ecology, society and economic benefit.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: rhizoma Gastrodiae stub cultivation rejuvenation method in turn includes the following steps:
A, stub select technology: choose 1600 meters-2200 meters of height above sea level, the assorted filling secondary forest of P in soil H value 6-7, non-aromatics weedtree stub, the stub that diameter rots fully greater than 10 centimeters, pile after the selective cutting have more than 20 centimeters humus soil standby on every side.
B, stub treatment technology: May early and middle ten days to early June, remove stub 10-50 centimetre (looking its stub size and land occupation condition) weeds on every side, excavate dark 20 centimeters, the pool of wide 10-50 centimetre (looking its stub size and land occupation condition) around the stub, it is standby to peel off the earth that exposes above the stub.
C, bacterium branch breeding method: late Febuary-early March, outdoor dig pit dark 50 centimeters, long decide on cultivating bacterium branch amount, or indoor firebrick is built wide 1 meter, high 60 centimeters, long on cultivating the fence that bacterium branch amount is decided, at hole or 10 centimeters fine sands of fence bottom pad or humus soil, put 1 centimeter thick broad-leaved leaf successively, (branch requires: seeds are with non-grease class soft weedtrees such as maple wood, wild cherry, ramulus mori, birch for 10 centimeters assorted branch; Non-grease class hardwoods such as Qinggang, beech, rock Qinggang.The long 3-5 centimetre of branch specification, thick 1-2 centimetre.Ratio is pressed soft weedtree 80-90%, hardwood 10%-20%.), per 50 kilograms of branches put 2 kilograms of three grades of halimasch kinds, put 4 layers at most, the loam cake 2-3 centimetre leaf of mixing covers 10 centimeters fine sands or humus soil, the clear water of fully drenching, loam cake film topmost.The management of strengthening preserving moisture, it is standby to treat that the branch tangent plane grows white hypha.
D, cultivation method: early and middle ten days-mid-June in May, treat the rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule maturation of artificial supplementary pollination after, in the ratio that three grades of kinds of per kilogram Germination Strain are mixed 12 capsules, be sprinkling upon the seeds of Gastrodia elata powder in the capsule on the Germination Strain leaf and mix evenly standby.1 centimeter thick assorted leaf on bottom, the stub fiber crops pool pad of getting ready sprinkles the Germination Strain leaf of having mixed seeds of Gastrodia elata equably on leaf, seeding quantity is carried out by the grain weight of every square metre of 2 capsules of numb pool surface area; Sprinkle the bacterium branch equably sowing on the Germination Strain leaf of seed, bacterium branch amount is about 2 kilograms on every square metre of numb pool.The assorted shrub dry branches and fallen leaves of non-aromatics around the stub is amassed on the bacterium branch, and thickness 1-2 centimetre covers about 5 centimeters humus soil at dry branches and fallen leaves, and is slightly high, lower slightly on every side by the stub direction.If the stub present position gradient is greater than 20 degree, numb pool outer rim is stamped at a distance of 50 centimeters, two timbers above ground level 40 centimeters below stub, and it is several to put branch above timber, to block the dirty numb pond sludge soil of rain drop erosion.Put 2-3 piece small stone at branch and push down, in case blown off branch by wind.Daily management gets final product for preventing that people and animals from trampleing on.
E, collecting method: sow 20 months (the 3rd year 3-4 month), dig and open the stub ambient earth, it is full to select hawk angle mouth to grow, and anosis pityriasis simplex, numb body length are about 3: 2 with the diameter ratio, and the above arrow fiber crops of single heavy 150 grams are taken out gently, as female fiber crops of sexual propagation; To form hawk angle mouth, but numb shape is relatively poor, individual little or ill pityriasis simplex and the substandard products fiber crops that should not do kind are gathered as the raw material of processed commodities fiber crops; The hoary hair fiber crops and the rice fiber crops that do not grow Ying Jiaozui, the tender white of bud mouth are motionless, and the pool earthen backfill that plane is left is added about 1 centimeter deadwood and fallen leaves to the numb pool, gets 5 centimeters in peripheral immature soil covering pool face again, and daily management is trampleed on for preventing people and animals.Late October is to mid-November then, digs to open the numb pool and fiber crops are all gathered make processed commodities fiber crops raw material.
Embodiment: late Febuary-early March, outdoor dig pit dark 50 centimeters, long decide on cultivating bacterium branch amount, or indoor firebrick is built wide 1 meter, high 60 centimeters, long on cultivating the fence that bacterium branch amount is decided, at hole or 10 centimeters fine sands of fence bottom pad or humus soil, put 1 centimeter thick broad-leaved leaf successively, (branch requires: seeds are with non-grease class soft weedtrees such as maple wood, wild cherry, ramulus mori, birch for 10 centimeters assorted branch; Non-grease class hardwoods such as Qinggang, beech, rock Qinggang.The long 3-5 centimetre of branch specification, thick 1-2 centimetre.Ratio is pressed soft weedtree 80-90%, hardwood 10%-20%.), per 50 kilograms of branches put 2 kilograms of three grades of halimasch kinds, put 4 layers at most, the loam cake 2-3 centimetre leaf of mixing covers 10 centimeters fine sands or humus soil, the clear water of fully drenching, loam cake film topmost.The management of strengthening preserving moisture, it is standby to treat that the branch tangent plane grows white hypha: cultivate the rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule with sexual reproduction method, in the ratios that 12 of rhizoma Gastrodiae capsules are mixed 1 kilogram three grades sprouting bacterial classifications, that the seeds of Gastrodia elata powder in the capsule and Germination Strain uniform mixing is standby; Early and middle ten days-mid-June in May, after treating the rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule maturation of artificial supplementary pollination, choose 1600 meters-2200 meters of height above sea level, the assorted filling secondary forest of P in soil H value 6-7, the non-aromatics weedtree stub that diameter rots fully greater than 10 centimeters, pile after the selective cutting, on every side have dark more than 20 centimeters humus soil, at least one hem width be not less than 20 centimeters soil, excavate stub earth all around, the wide few greatly and soil layer situation excavation 20-60 centimetre of stub diameter of looking, the dark 20 centimeters numb pool is taken out the finger stone in the earth in the numb pool, is kept all tree roots; Early and middle ten days-mid-June in May, after treating the rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule maturation of artificial supplementary pollination, along stub 1 centimeter thick assorted leaf on the pad of bottom, the numb pool, on leaf, sprinkle the Germination Strain leaf of having mixed seeds of Gastrodia elata equably, seeding quantity is carried out by the grain weight of every square metre of 2 capsules of numb pool surface area; Sprinkle the bacterium branch equably sowing on the Germination Strain leaf of seed, bacterium branch amount is about 2 kilograms on every square metre of numb pool.The assorted shrub dry branches and fallen leaves of non-aromatics around the stub is amassed on the bacterium branch, and thickness 1-2 centimetre covers about 5 centimeters humus soil at dry branches and fallen leaves, and is slightly high, lower slightly on every side by the stub direction.If the stub present position gradient is greater than 20 degree, numb pool outer rim is stamped at a distance of 50 centimeters, two timbers above ground level 40 centimeters below stub, and it is several to put branch above timber, to block the dirty numb pond sludge soil of rain drop erosion.Put 2-3 piece small stone at branch and push down, in case blown off branch by wind.Daily management gets final product for preventing that people and animals from trampleing on; Sow 20 months (the 3rd year 3-4 month), dig and open the stub ambient earth, it is full to select hawk angle mouth to grow, and anosis pityriasis simplex, numb body length are about 3: 2 with the diameter ratio, and the above arrow fiber crops of single heavy 150 grams are taken out gently, as female fiber crops of sexual propagation; To form hawk angle mouth, but numb shape is relatively poor, individual little or ill pityriasis simplex and the substandard products fiber crops that should not do kind are gathered as the raw material of processed commodities fiber crops; The hoary hair fiber crops and the rice fiber crops that do not grow Ying Jiaozui, the tender white of bud mouth are motionless, and the pool earthen backfill that plane is left is added about 1 centimeter deadwood and fallen leaves to the numb pool, gets 5 centimeters in peripheral immature soil covering pool face again, and daily management is trampleed on for preventing people and animals.Late October is to mid-November then, digs to open the numb pool and fiber crops are all gathered make processed commodities fiber crops raw material
The key technology of this method is to utilize the assorted stub of having been felled timber in the forest land of irritating as the lignin nutrient source of rhizoma Gastrodiae growth desired nutritional source halimasch, thereby has reduced by tame kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae with the felling of bacterium material to trees; Utilize soil, sylvan life space kind fiber crops to reduce the kind fiber crops and strive ground contradiction with agro-farming; Utilize forest plants to adjusting and the stub self-restraint moisture content function of air, bad phenomenon such as dead fiber crops in the mashed pool that the wettability abrupt change of rhizoma Gastrodiae growing environment is brought and rhizoma Gastrodiae overgrowing have been prevented, make rhizoma Gastrodiae self-sow under an imitative fully wild environment, be conducive to formation and the accumulation of the various effective medicinal components of rhizoma Gastrodiae, favourable rhizoma Gastrodiae fiber crops body returns wild shape.Simultaneously, reduced to turn over and planted and daily soil moisture conservation management drops into.Through facts have proved for many years, adopt the rhizoma Gastrodiae of this method cultivation, the one, the drying rate of giving money as a gift of arrow fiber crops (red rhizoma Gastrodiae) is 4.6-5.2: 1; Be 5.0-6.5 and the open country land for growing field crops plants (red rhizoma Gastrodiae) arrow fiber crops rate of giving money as a gift: 1.Illustrate that the commodity fiber crops water content of stub cultivation method acquisition is lower than the commodity fiber crops of open country field production; The 2nd, fiber crops obviously increase one-level.Use the one-level fiber crops of stub cultivation to reach 52-68%, and open country field production one-level fiber crops are less than 40%; The 3rd, the remarkable improvement of arrow fiber crops profile.The arrow fiber crops outward appearance of stub cultivation is similar to wild fiber crops, and aspect ratio was generally 3: 2, and the arrow of open country field production fiber crops carefully grow, and length and width are generally greater than 1: 2.Therefore, reached goal of the invention fully.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of stub of rhizoma Gastrodiae is cultivated rejuvenation method, in turn includes the following steps:
A, stub select technology: choose 1600 meters-2200 meters of height above sea level, the assorted filling secondary forest of P in soil H value 6-7, non-aromatics weedtree stub, the stub that diameter rots fully greater than 10 centimeters, pile after the selective cutting have more than 20 centimeters humus soil standby on every side.
B, stub treatment technology: May early and middle ten days to early June, remove stub 10-50 centimetre (looking its stub size and land occupation condition) weeds on every side, excavate dark 20 centimeters, the pool of wide 10-50 centimetre (looking its stub size and land occupation condition) around the stub, it is standby to peel off the earth that exposes above the stub.
C, bacterium branch breeding method: late Febuary-early March, outdoor dig pit dark 50 centimeters, long decide on cultivating bacterium branch amount, or indoor firebrick is built wide 1 meter, high 60 centimeters, long on cultivating the fence that bacterium branch amount is decided, at hole or 10 centimeters fine sands of fence bottom pad or humus soil, put 1 centimeter thick broad-leaved leaf successively, (branch requires: seeds are with non-grease class soft weedtrees such as maple wood, wild cherry, ramulus mori, birch for 10 centimeters assorted branch; Non-grease class hardwoods such as Qinggang, beech, rock Qinggang.The long 3-5 centimetre of branch specification, thick 1-2 centimetre.Ratio is pressed soft weedtree 80-90%, hardwood 10%-20%.), per 50 kilograms of branches put 2 kilograms of three grades of halimasch kinds, put 4 layers at most, the loam cake 2-3 centimetre leaf of mixing covers 10 centimeters fine sands or humus soil, the clear water of fully drenching, loam cake film topmost.The management of strengthening preserving moisture, it is standby to treat that the branch tangent plane grows white hypha.
D, cultivation method: early and middle ten days-mid-June in May, treat the rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule maturation of artificial supplementary pollination after, in the ratio that three grades of kinds of per kilogram Germination Strain are mixed 12 capsules, be sprinkling upon the seeds of Gastrodia elata powder in the capsule on the Germination Strain leaf and mix evenly standby.1 centimeter thick assorted leaf on bottom, the stub fiber crops pool pad of getting ready sprinkles the Germination Strain leaf of having mixed seeds of Gastrodia elata equably on leaf, seeding quantity is carried out by the grain weight of every square metre of 2 capsules of numb pool surface area; Sprinkle the bacterium branch equably sowing on the Germination Strain leaf of seed, bacterium branch amount is about 2 kilograms on every square metre of numb pool.The assorted shrub dry branches and fallen leaves of non-aromatics around the stub is amassed on the bacterium branch, and thickness 1-2 centimetre covers about 5 centimeters humus soil at dry branches and fallen leaves, and is slightly high, lower slightly on every side by the stub direction.If the stub present position gradient is greater than 20 degree, numb side of a pond edge is stamped at a distance of 50 centimeters, two timbers above ground level 40 centimeters below stub, and it is several to put branch above timber, to block the dirty numb pond sludge soil of rain drop erosion.Put 2-3 piece small stone at branch and push down, in case blown off branch by wind.Daily management gets final product for preventing that people and animals from trampleing on.
E, collecting method: sow (the 3rd year 3-4 month) after 20 months, dig and open the stub ambient earth, it is full to select hawk angle mouth to grow, and anosis pityriasis simplex, numb body length are about 3: 2 with the diameter ratio, and the above arrow fiber crops of single heavy 150 grams are taken out gently, as female fiber crops of sexual propagation; To form hawk angle mouth, but numb shape is relatively poor, the little or ill pityriasis simplex of body body and the substandard products fiber crops that should not do kind are gathered as the raw material of processed commodities fiber crops; The hoary hair fiber crops and the rice fiber crops that do not grow Ying Jiaozui, the tender white of bud mouth are motionless, and the pool earthen backfill that plane is left is added about 1 centimeter deadwood and fallen leaves to the numb pool, gets 5 centimeters in peripheral immature soil covering pool face again, and daily management is trampleed on for preventing people and animals.Late October is to mid-November then, digs to open the numb pool and fiber crops are all gathered make processed commodities fiber crops raw material.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103593563A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-02-19 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for selecting natural secondary forest intermediate cutting object woods |
| CN103704138A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-09 | 魏晓辰 | Tissue culture method of orchids |
| CN103798043A (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2014-05-21 | 林平 | Method for chiseling pit in stump for planting tree |
| CN104541970A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-29 | 李志芳 | Outdoor tall gastrodia tuber cultivating method in northern area |
| CN105993501A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-10-12 | 镇远县红康中药材种植专业合作社 | Plantation method of gastrodia elata |
| CN106171498A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2016-12-07 | 迪庆香格里拉念慈吉生物科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of the green Rhizoma Gastrodiae of High aititude |
| CN106258879A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-01-04 | 贵州省仁怀市曹家沟中药材种植专业合作社 | A kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae standardized planting technology |
| CN106613808A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-05-10 | 康县陇元生物科技有限公司 | Gastrodia elata soilless stick-free cultivation method |
| CN109496742A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-22 | 竹山县神康车湾中药材种植专业合作社 | Ecology open country gastrodin cultivation method |
| CN110063235A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-07-30 | 北京中医药大学 | A kind of method and Rhizoma Gastrodiae rejuvenation cultivating method of the numb suspend mode of control kind |
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2013
- 2013-06-26 CN CN 201310279840 patent/CN103329713A/en active Pending
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103593563A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-02-19 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for selecting natural secondary forest intermediate cutting object woods |
| CN103704138A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-09 | 魏晓辰 | Tissue culture method of orchids |
| CN103798043A (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2014-05-21 | 林平 | Method for chiseling pit in stump for planting tree |
| CN104541970A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-29 | 李志芳 | Outdoor tall gastrodia tuber cultivating method in northern area |
| CN104541970B (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2017-10-10 | 河北祁一堂药业有限公司 | The method of northern area outdoor planting rhizoma Gastrodiae |
| CN105993501A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-10-12 | 镇远县红康中药材种植专业合作社 | Plantation method of gastrodia elata |
| CN105993501B (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2019-04-16 | 镇远县红康中药材种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of Rhizoma Gastrodiae |
| CN106258879A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-01-04 | 贵州省仁怀市曹家沟中药材种植专业合作社 | A kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae standardized planting technology |
| CN106171498A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2016-12-07 | 迪庆香格里拉念慈吉生物科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of the green Rhizoma Gastrodiae of High aititude |
| CN106613808A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-05-10 | 康县陇元生物科技有限公司 | Gastrodia elata soilless stick-free cultivation method |
| CN109496742A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-22 | 竹山县神康车湾中药材种植专业合作社 | Ecology open country gastrodin cultivation method |
| CN110063235A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-07-30 | 北京中医药大学 | A kind of method and Rhizoma Gastrodiae rejuvenation cultivating method of the numb suspend mode of control kind |
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Application publication date: 20131002 |