CN104012515A - Control method for corylus heterophylla fisch dodder - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a control method for corylus heterophylla fisch dodder. The control method comprises the following steps that (1) the land outside corylus heterophylla fisch are ploughed depth in autumn, and the ploughing depth ranges from 5 cm to 8 cm, and dodder and the severely damaged portions of the corylus heterophylla fisch are removed manually; (2) thinning or intermediate felling is conducted on a corylus heterophylla fisch clump which is too dense so that the ventilation condition can be improved; (3) from April to late May, 200-fold to 400-fold 48% dibutalin (butralin) emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed three times; (4) from late May to mid June, a mixture of 40-fold to 600-fold 10% glyphosate and (0.3%-0.5%) ammonium sulfate and a mixture of 1.5% gyphosate solution and (0.3%-0.5%) ammonium sulfate are sprayed; (5) during each stage before July, a Zhenfeng Number three agent (the main ingredient is plant ash) is applied or a mixture of 1.5% sodium pentachlorophenate and 400-fold to 600-fold 2% prometryn liquid is applied. By the adoption of the control method, the quality of corylus heterophylla fisch products can be greatly improved; the method has the advantages of being efficient, safe, economical and the like.

Description

A kind of method of preventing and treating of flat hazel dodder

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method of preventing and treating of winding-type rattan shape semiparasite grass plant disease, the specifically a kind of method of preventing and treating of flat hazel dodder.

Background technology

Flat hazel (Corylus heterophylla Fisch) is corylaceae Corylus, is the important nonwood forest trees of northern China, and dry fruit is edible, is also traditional oil tree, and comprehensive utilization value is high.Its kernel is nutritious, is rich in 18 seed amino acids such as tryptophan, lysine and multivitamin, very useful to health.In its branch, leaf, bark and shell, contain taxol, after extraction, can be used for treating cancer.Flat hazel plant root prosperity, cold-resistant, barren-resistant, is the good pioneer tree species of water and soil conservation and improvement soil, and its prospect of industrial development is very wide.

In recent years, Tieling government greatly develops, helps fibert industry, and it is surging that the masses are engaged in fibert production and operation enthusiasm, and whole city's hazel coppice area is increased progressively year after year.But, along with the continuous increase of hazel coppice area, the change of forest ecological environment, and the transformation of hazel coppice management mode, the formation of the pure hazel coppice of large area has aggravated generation and the harm of pest, has had a strong impact on flat hazel and has managed the quality and quantity of output.Wherein dodder is one of main pest of the flat hazel of harm.

It is a kind of winding-type rattan shape semiparasite herbaceous plant, and its amount of growth is large, and rate of propagation is exceedingly fast, once hazel coppice is subject to its harm to prevent and kill off difficulty, causes output even zero output that significantly declines.Therefore, carry out flat hazel dodder biological property observation, the research that prevents and treats method has important practical significance.Tieling forest-science academy from year December in April, 2010 to 2012 biological property and the Prevention Technique to flat hazel dodder carried out comprehensive and systematic research, explore a set of practical, cost-effective method of preventing and treating, for prevention, the control of the flat hazel dodder in Tie Ling Region provide technical support, realize the effective control to flat hazel dodder harm.

Summary of the invention

Object of the present invention, is to provide the method for preventing and treating of flat hazel dodder a kind of, and can significantly improve fibert product and quality, and has efficient, safety and economic dispatch feature.

Growth characteristics and the harm of the applicant to dodder is investigated, for control dodder provides scientific basis.

1 flat hazel dodder biological property

1.1 morphological feature

Dodder (Cuscuta L), eggplant order, Convolvulaceae, semen cuscatue spp.Dodder is annual herb semiparasite noxious plant, complete stool unrooted, nothing hair.It is yellow or red that plant is conventionally.In the cell of its composition, there is no chloroplast, utilize the stem of climber to seek connections with at other plant, and grow for haustorium from contact host's position, enter the through phloem of host, draw nutrient and make a living.

1. seed: circular or oval, long 1-1.5mm, wide 0.9-1.2mm, seed coat is smooth or coarse, acotyledon and radicle, endosperm meat, embryo is linear.

2. seedling: thread, be light green, top is done to be wound around shape, changes yellow into after infecing host.

3. stem: prehensile, wire, yellow or redness are climbed rattan.Without chloroplast, amplify the transverse section of stem through light microscope, in the situation that having iodine staining, can know and see the starch granules being stored among tissue.Disconnected stem can develop into new strain again.

4. leaf: without leaf or be degenerated to little scale.

5. spend: spend little, white, without stalk, inflorescence spike; Bract is little or scarce; Flower 4-5 goes out number; Calyx cup-shaped, gyalectiform or mitriform, 5 split, the wide triangle of sliver, middle part is with infracommissure; Tasselled shape scale in corolla tubulose, corolla tube; Stamen 5, and is born in corolla lobe adjacent or corolla throat, slightly stretches out the short filigree of tool or interior to flower pesticide; Stamen is made up of 2 carpels; Ovary is subsphaeroidal, upper, Room 2; Style 2, separates or Colaesce is 1, and column cap is spherical, extends and is bar-shaped or short coniform.

6. solid: capsule is subsphaeroidal, 1-4 grain not etc., meat slightly sometimes, corolla is deposited in normal tool place, is deposited corolla and all encases, circumscissile when ripe by place.

1.2 pests occurrence rule

1. seed Wintering Methods and germination rate

The seed tool hibernation feature of dodder is often only and is had a small amount of seed germination after seed falls into soil, and along with passage of time, dormancy is removed gradually.

And soil moisture content is higher, seed germination rate is corresponding higher.When water content can not be sprouted lower than 10%.

In the time that temperature reaches 15 DEG C, seed starts to sprout, and temperature is higher, and germination rate is higher.Dodder seed germination is very irregular, taking the 4-6 month as sprouting peak period.

Under suitable temperature and humidity condition, dodder seed germinates at most at soil 1-3cm place, and 4cm starts obvious decline, and 7cm can not sprout unearthed.

2. dodder invasion and circulation way

Dodder is semiparasite noxious plant, draws the nutrition of host plant by sucker.In addition, can also be wound around to cover and on plant, make plant death.The hazel coppice that infected by dodder, the lighter's underproduction 10%-20%, severe one reaches 50%-60%, can cause that No kernels or seeds are gathered, as in a year of scarcity when the most serious, host's death.When dodder seed germination, first produce the more sturdy radicle of white circular taper, then grow yellow filamentous young shoot, stretching out table is that box haul around swings after soil, in case of less than host, can continue the 10-13d of surviving, death after self nutrient consumption is most; As just wound on it in host, form sucker in contact position and stretch into.Sucker enters after host tissue, and portion of tissue is divided into conduit and screen casing, is connected respectively with host's conduit with screen casing, draws nutrient and moisture from host.After parasitic relation is set up, itself and under ground portion depart from, stem continued growth constantly branch, so that cover host.

Dodder is mainly propagated with seed and disconnected stem, and seed is little and many, and the life-span is long, can be with wide-scale distribution such as current, agricultural machinery, farm implements, birds and beasts, mankind's activities, and also can mix in crops, commodity grain, seed or the feed medium and long distance of results and propagate.

3. dodder year growth and decline Dynamic Investigation

Flat hazel dodder April is Their Seed Germinating Period, and the 7-11 month yields positive results.Growth animated period is in 6-9 month, and monthly average amount of growth reaches respectively 27.9,37.6,42.7,38.3cm, is also now that it infects the peak period of harm and the emphasis period of chemical control, and May and 10 Growths are relatively little, are respectively 4.7 and 2.9.March November to next year is without growth.Be unearthed and approximately need 3d to being wound around host from seed germination, set up parasitic relation approximately need 1 week with host, now bottom is withered voluntarily separates with soil; Need to buddingging more than 1 month, to budding to the about 10d of blooming from growing new talent; Approximately need 20d left and right from blooming to fruit maturation, therefore, dodder approximately needs 80-90d from being unearthed to seed maturity.Dodder upwards buddings gradually from the bottom of stem, blooms, result, maturation.Therefore, on same strain dodder bloom or the solid time all inconsistent, result is chronic.

4. dodder occurs and Meteorological Conditions

6, July, nature mean temperature of air was 21-25 DEG C, and along with rainfall increases, humidity strengthens, and dodder growth is progressively vigorous, arrive August, mean temperature of air be stabilized in 25 DEG C and more than, dodder growth harm reaches the Sheng phase, thereafter along with temperature reduces, rainfall reduces, and grows slack-off.This explanation dodder optimum is about 25 DEG C growths, and humidity is suitable to be accelerated dodder and grow, and increases the weight of the extent of injury.

5. dodder occurs and standing forest conditional relationship

Hazel coppice Nan Po harm occurrence degree is serious compared with north slope.All variant in the contrast of three region harm occurrence degrees of slope, north and south upper, middle and lower, harm occurrence degree in slope, top is lighter, and middle descending harm occurrence degree is heavier.

6. dodder occurs and hazel coppice density relationship

The large harm incidence of hazel coppice density is relatively high.Hazel coppice density is large, and light transmission and air circulation are poor, and temp. and humidity is relatively large, suitable dodder seed germination.Simultaneously woodland gap is little, causes dodder rattan to seek connections with, spread easier, and hazard area diffusion is faster.The contrary little harm incidence of hazel coppice density is relatively low.

Foundation being grown and the harm of hazel tree is investigated dodder, and the present invention adopts following technical proposals:

The method of preventing and treating of flat hazel dodder, comprises the steps:

1, plough deeply ground winter

In autumn and winter, hazel is carried out to soil outside strain and plough deeply, degree of depth 5-10cm, can reduce dodder seed germination rate.

When indivedual plant being injured, the part of being injured of dodder and hazel being filled out to strain by manual removal is cut together, and is burnt simultaneously, in case the disconnected stem of dodder is retransmitted.

2, the finishing to hazel tree

Hazel woods will keep rational density.

For crossing more seedlings clump, make suitable sparse branching or intermediate cutting, to improve ventilation, printing opacity condition, reduce temp. and humidity, control dodder seed germination rate, strengthen rattan and seek connections with resistance.

3, chemical control

1), in the 4-5 last ten-days period month, after early spring seed germination, before slight harm, spray 200-400 times of liquid of 48% Amex820 (butralin) missible oil 2-4 time, prevent that By Dodder Seedlings from seeking connections with host, can reach more than 85% dodder preventive effect, and to host's safety.

2), in late May to mid-June, hazel coppice initial bloom stage to the dodder having twined spray the ammonium sulfate of 10% gyphosate solution 400-600 times liquid+(0.3%-0.5%), 1.5% gyphosate solution+(0.3%-0.5%) ammonium sulfate control efficiency can reach more than 80%;

3), before July, each stage of (before the fructufy phase) is used the rich III reagent of hazel (main component is ash), can effectively prevent and kill off children, old dodder rattan; 400-600 times of liquid of 1.5% penta sodium pentachlorophenate+2% prometryn liquid also can be received good control efficiency.

The present invention has carried out large area practicality in fibert producing region, Tieling, Liaoning Province, and control dodder has been received good effect.

The flat hazel dodder in Tieling mainly occurs in the overstocked pure flat hazel coppice forming after removal of impurities, higher with the middle descending incidence of tailo, because of the suitable dodder growth of temp. and humidity, therefore once infect, endanger heavier.

Flat hazel dodder year growth and decline are dynamic and Relationship between temperature is close, are secondly soil moisture contents, i.e. local annual precipitation, and the annual seed germination of flat hazel dodder peak period is the 4-6 month, occurring to endanger the most serious period is the 6-9 month, is also now the emphasis period of preventing and kill off dodder.

The flat hazel dodder of chemical control is comparatively simple and effective control method.After 400 times of liquid medicines of 48% Amex820 (butralin) missible oil, 30d can reach more than 80% flat hazel dodder preventive effect, though there is slight poisoning to recover, is effectively preventing medicament comparatively.After the rich III agent administration of hazel, 30d can reach more than 90% dodder preventive effect, and to the flat hazel safety of host, has efficient, safe, economic feature, is the desirable medicament of preventing and kill off dodder.

Embodiment

The method of preventing and treating of flat hazel dodder, comprises the steps:

1, autumn and winter season carries out the outer soil of strain to hazel and ploughs deeply, degree of depth 5-8cm.Simultaneously by manual removal dodder and the hazel strain part of being seriously injured.

2, make suitable sparse branching or intermediate cutting for overstocked fibert strain clump, to improve ventilation, ventilative condition.

3, the 4-5 last ten-days period month, spray 200-400 times of liquid of 48% Amex820 (butralin) missible oil three times.

4, in late May to mid-June, spray 40-600 times of liquid of 10% glyphosate agent+(0.3%-0.5%) ammonium sulfate, 1.5% gyphosate solution+(0.3%-0.5%) ammonium sulfate.

5, before July, each stage is used the rich III reagent of hazel (main component is ash) or 400-600 times of liquid of 1.5% penta sodium pentachlorophenate+2% prometryn liquid.

Claims (1)

1. the method for preventing and treating of flat hazel dodder, is characterized in that comprising the steps:

(1), plough deeply ground winter

In autumn and winter, hazel is carried out to soil outside strain and plough deeply, degree of depth 5-10cm, can reduce dodder seed germination rate;

When indivedual plant being injured, the part of being injured of dodder and hazel being filled out to strain by manual removal is cut together, and is burnt simultaneously, in case the disconnected stem of dodder is retransmitted;

(2), the finishing to hazel tree

Hazel woods will keep rational density;

For crossing more seedlings clump, make suitable sparse branching or intermediate cutting, to improve ventilation, printing opacity condition, reduce temp. and humidity, control dodder seed germination rate, strengthen rattan and seek connections with resistance;

3, chemical control

1), in the 4-5 last ten-days period month, after early spring seed germination, before slight harm, spray 200-400 times of liquid of 48% Amex820 (butralin) missible oil 2-4 time, prevent that By Dodder Seedlings from seeking connections with host, can reach more than 85% dodder preventive effect, and to host's safety;

2), in late May to mid-June, hazel coppice initial bloom stage to the dodder having twined spray the ammonium sulfate of 10% gyphosate solution 400-600 times liquid+(0.3%-0.5%), 1.5% gyphosate solution+(0.3%-0.5%) ammonium sulfate control efficiency can reach more than 80%;

3), before July, each stage of (before the fructufy phase) is used the rich III reagent of hazel (main component is ash), can effectively prevent and kill off children, old dodder rattan; 400-600 times of liquid of 1.5% penta sodium pentachlorophenate+2% prometryn liquid also can be received good control efficiency.