Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of cultivating high-quality Yunnan cherry seedlings breeding method for Yunnan Guanyuan red soil cultivation car li son.
Cultivating high-quality Yunnan cherry seedlings breeding method of the present invention is comprised of following steps:
One, the selection of nursery and consolidation
The plot of breeding car li son will leewardly face south, and physical features is smooth open, and Ground-water level is below 1 meter, and loosing soil is breathed freely; Front stubble was not bred peach, Lee and cherry; Use sufficient farmyard manure after soil is ploughed deeply and add suitable chemical fertilizer;
Two, the sampling and processing of stock seed
Select downy cherry fruit that blade do not have floral leaf as the seed collecting elite stand by the end of May-6 month, fruit picking when the downy cherry fruit fruit is fully ripe will be put into immediately clear water after the fruit picking and be washed by rubbing with the hands, rub with the hands except pulp, float except pulling seed out behind the carpopodium and dry, after puddling with the clean river sand of water content 60%, carry out the lamination storage;
Three, sowing and seedling management
When the Second Year seed had just showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally, after being poured water thoroughly in the sowing ground of putting in order in the step () first, band sand broadcasted sowing, finish the straw of 5-10 centimetre of bonnet last layer, little shed heats, after bud sends, take off out at twice the straw of covering, allow gradually reform of nature illumination of nursery stock;
Four, transplanting and grafting
When seedling height surpasses 20 centimetres, Rainy season of Yunnan can carries out the transplanting of nursery stock temporarily, adopts the seeding row spacing transplanting of 20 centimetres of 10 centimetres of X; Management method is carried out managing and protecting of seedling routinely; Can carry out grafting when the nursery stock rugosity during greater than 0.75 centimetre, use bud grafting autumn, adopt cut-grafting spring;
Five, outplanting
Two weeks can check survival rate after the grafting, when the young sprout height of buddering during greater than 15 centimetres, chose out the plastic film of colligation with cutter, and the grafting management is Routine Management; Seedling height goes out the garden during greater than 100 centimetres.
Car li son because of unique flavor, being of high nutritive value is subject to liking of consumers in general, development is fallen over each other in various places, Yunnan was introduced a fine variety since 2005 and is planted, still, because the sapling multiplication of car li son difficulty, especially suitable stock is difficult to select, had influence on the Popularization And Development of car li son, for this reason, the suitable climate of Yunnan soil condition of exploitation, with most of cars li stock that sub-kind affinity is good, significant to promoting Yunnan car li sub-industry development.
A large amount of car li sub-stocks carries out Grafting Experiment to the inventor by introducing both at home and abroad, by experimental observation for successive years, has found the stock of suitable climate of Yunnan, soil condition---downy cherry fruit.Downy cherry fruit is Prunus, and the downy cherry fruit kind is distributed in northeast of Yunnan.
Downy cherry fruit (another name: oriental cherry, blue or green skin cherry), Latin be called Cerasus serrulata (Lindl.) G. Don,
Prunus serrulata Lindl、 C. serratifolia Carr、p.pseudocerasus Hort.non Lindl。
Be to collect seed easily with downy cherry fruit as the characteristics of stock, seeding ratio is high, and viral diseases and cherry canker are good with car li sub-grafting affinity, and well developed root system is resistant to lodging, is suitable for simultaneously soil in Yunnan, and cold resistance is strong, downgrades precocity fruiting.
Application method:
By the sowing of growing directly from seeds, as the graft stock of car li son.
Effect:
According to test, with the nursery stock behind this stock grafting; 1, do not find virus disease and cherry canker.2, interface healing property is good.3, suitable high altitude localities, Yunnan soil, cold resistance is strong.4, obvious dwarfing effect is arranged.
Test 1, affinity test:
1) test is processed
Select red light, the pioneer, the thunder Buddhist nun, early beautiful, early really large, Rabin Si, Lei Jina, eight kinds such as guest storehouse are carried out grafting in the garden, investigation graft survival rate, interface healing, susceptible rate, shoot growth amount.
2) test method
The stock seed that sowing is developed carries out cut-grafting when the stock rugosity reaches 0.75 centimetre.
3) trial
Routine Management.
The grafting affinity test:
Table 1
Kind |
Survival rate |
The susceptible rate of canker |
Large bound feet phenomenon |
Amount of growth (with horse Harry Comparison of Stocks) |
Cold resistance |
Red light |
98% |
0 |
Nothing |
80% |
By force |
The pioneer |
95% |
0 |
Nothing |
85% |
By force |
The thunder Buddhist nun |
90% |
0 |
Nothing |
88% |
By force |
Early beautiful |
90% |
0 |
Nothing |
89% |
By force |
Early really large |
92%% |
0 |
Nothing |
82% |
By force |
Rabin Si |
98% |
0 |
Nothing |
79% |
By force |
Lei Jina |
92% |
0 |
Nothing |
80% |
By force |
Bin Ku |
95% |
0 |
Nothing |
78% |
By force |
As seen from Table 1: use stock grafting survival rate of the present invention all more than 90%, illustrate that the affinity of this stock is good, canker useless occurs, and 2100 meters height above sea level late frost does not experimental field all cause freeze injury, compares with common vigorous stock, and Dwarf Effect on Dwarf is arranged.
Embodiment
Embodiment: the sapling multiplication breeding method of the described car of present embodiment li son carries out in accordance with the following methods:
One, the selection of nursery and consolidation
The plot of breeding car li son will leewardly face south, and physical features is smooth open, and Ground-water level is below 1 meter, and loosing soil is breathed freely; Front stubble was not bred peach, Lee and cherry; Use sufficient farmyard manure after soil is ploughed deeply and add suitable chemical fertilizer, execute 5000 kilograms of farmyard manure+50 kilogram general calcium such as every mu of ground.
Puddle insecticide and an amount of bactericide such as ferrous sulfate in the soil.Do the sowing furrow in north-south.Furrow are wide 1 meter, and long 10 meters, the Yunnan in Spring arid for ease of water conservation, is preferably made low furrow.
Two, the sampling and processing of stock seed
Select blade not have the downy cherry fruit of floral leaf as the seed collecting elite stand by the end of May-6 month, fruit picking when the downy cherry fruit fruit is fully ripe, will put into immediately clear water after the fruit picking washes by rubbing with the hands, rub with the hands except pulp, float except pulling seed behind the carpopodium out and dry to seed and just turn white, after puddling with the clean river sand of water content 60%, carry out the lamination storage;
Three, sowing and seedling management
When the Second Year seed has just showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally, after being poured water thoroughly in the sowing ground of putting in order in the step () first, band sand broadcasts sowing, finish the straw of 5-10 centimetre of bonnet last layer, little shed heats, after bud sends, take off out at twice the straw of covering, allow gradually reform of nature illumination of nursery stock, otherwise sunlight can be burnt seedling to death.
Four, transplanting and grafting
When seedling height surpasses 20 centimetres, Rainy season of Yunnan can carries out the transplanting of nursery stock temporarily, for making things convenient for grafting, adopts the seeding row spacing transplanting of 20 centimetres of 10 centimetres of X; Management method is carried out managing and protecting of seedling routinely; Can carry out grafting when the nursery stock rugosity during greater than 0.75 centimetre, use bud grafting autumn, adopt cut-grafting spring; Survival rate is high.
Five, outplanting
Two weeks can check survival rate after the grafting, when the young sprout height of buddering during greater than 15 centimetres, chose out the plastic film of colligation with cutter, and the grafting management is Routine Management; Seedling height can go out the garden during greater than 100 centimetres.