CN106613365A - Grafting method for accelerating early fruiting and high yield of Zanthoxylum Schinifolium et Zucc - Google Patents
Grafting method for accelerating early fruiting and high yield of Zanthoxylum Schinifolium et Zucc Download PDFInfo
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- CN106613365A CN106613365A CN201610895573.4A CN201610895573A CN106613365A CN 106613365 A CN106613365 A CN 106613365A CN 201610895573 A CN201610895573 A CN 201610895573A CN 106613365 A CN106613365 A CN 106613365A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
Abstract
The invention discloses a grafting method for accelerating early fruiting and high yield of Zanthoxylum Schinifolium et Zucc. The grafting method comprises the following steps: (1) seed collecting; (2) sowing; (3) two-phase seeding transformation: when seedings grow to 10 cm, the seedings are transferred to a little nutrition cup of 8 cm multiplying 8 cm, when the seedings grow to 20 cm in height and 0.2-0.3 cm in thickness, superior seedings are transferred to a large nutrition cup of 15 cm multiplying 15 cm, and when the thickness of the breedings in the large nutrition cup is up to over 0.6 cm, the grafting can be conducted on the seedings;(4) scion collecting and saving;(5) grafting;(6) management after the grafting. According to the method, by studying each step, anewgrafting method of Zanthoxylum Schinifolium et Zucc is formed and therefore the purpose of flowering and fruiting in two years is achieved, the productivity is increased, and compared with the plant-seeding, the yield increasing rate of the seeding is up to 578%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Pericarpium Zanthoxyli planting technology field, and in particular to a kind of engrafting method of quickening rattan green pepper early fruiting and high yield.
Background technology
Rattan green pepper is the Zanthoxylum schinifolium new varieties of selection-breeding in recent years, belongs to Znnthoxylam armatum armatam DC (the Zanthoxylum armatum of Zanthoxylum
DC.), because its branch and leaf hangs down loosely, if extending shape tendril, therefore rattan green pepper is claimed.Rattan green pepper is the tall and big shrub of high 3-5 rice, and stem branch thorniness is rich
High-quality is produced, seminal propagation is adopted in production, also known as seedling.The characteristics of seedling is that low cost, well developed root system, breeding amount are big,
Have the disadvantage that the good characteristic for being difficult to holding kind, relatively slow, thorn of going into operation are more.In recent years due to rattan green pepper remarkable in economical benefits, and rural area labor
Adynamia, people can realize that early operation early take effect in the urgent need to one kind, and relative thorn is few, reduce harvesting the engrafting method of intensity.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of engrafting method for accelerating rattan green pepper early fruiting and high yield,
Can the low problem of the solid late, fractional yield of effectively solving rattan green pepper.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
A kind of engrafting method for accelerating rattan green pepper early fruiting and high yield, comprises the following steps：
(1) seed collection
The age of tree more than 10 years is selected, tree vigo(u)r is healthy and strong, no disease and pests harm, the high yield and rattan green pepper without phenomenon of alternating bear is used as seed collecting
Elite stand, harvests seed；
(2) sow
Seedbed is done, one month prior to seeding, quick lime is spread to seedbed by the amount of 50-60kg/ mus, 500kg/ mus are pressed after one week
Amount apply fertilizer to seedbed, sowing cleans seed in first 1 day with the dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate solution that concentration is 0.1%, then
It is clean with clean water, dry, to sow, per mu of sowing 40-50kg, sowing covers the thick soil of 1-2cm, then fills after finishing
Irrigate, every mu of water consumption 1000-1200kg, finally covered using Small plastic shed thin film, shed is highly 70-80cm, waits to come up
After open plastic sheeting；
(3) two-period form turns Seedling
Seedling length is treated to 10cm, is moved it in the little nutrient cup of 8cm × 8cm, treat that it grows high to 20cm, 0.2-0.3cm is thick
When, choose excellent Seedling and move into the big nutrient cup of 15cm × 15cm, treat that the Seedling rugosity in big nutrient cup reaches more than 0.6cm, you can enter
Row grafting；
(4) collection of scion and preservation
It is more than 8 years in the age of tree, adopts that sprout is full, no disease and pests harm 1 year raw branch work on the rattan green pepper elite stand of robust growth
For scion, branch length is 15cm, and containing 4-5 bud, base diameter is 0.3-0.4cm, and then scion is placed in the hair of moistening
On towel, scion ulking thickness is 5-8cm, finally covers one layer in scion again and moistens towel；
(5) grafting
Two-period form turns Seedling as stock, stock is blocked in the position away from ground 20-25cm height, by stock away from ground
Cut one at 10-12cm downwards and smooth long inclined-plane, length is 3-4cm；One is cut at the smooth place in scion bottom smooth long bevel, long 3-
4cm, then a short bevel, long 1cm, stock and the equal micro-strip xylem of scion are cut at its back side, then stock tangent plane is inserted in scion,
The two cambium layer alignment is made, is tightened with grafting special plastic band；
(6) managing after grafting
Nutritive cup seedlings after grafting are put in plastics Small plastic shed, one time of nutrition liquid was poured every 15 days after surviving, wait to transfer
After connecing 1 month, the branch and leaf sprouted on stock are rejected, when scion is sprouted newly slightly, when newly slightly length is 30-32cm, by graft union
The stock of side cuts off, and then goes out garden, transplants to field.
Further, the fertilizer in step (2) includes the component of following weight portion：Well-rotted farmyard manure 20-35 parts, corn stalk
Stalk 20-30 parts, soybean stalk 20-30 parts, mix bacterium agent 3-5 parts and water-retaining agent 5-8 parts；Well-rotted farmyard manure, corn straw and big
Beanstalk stalk is dry；The length of corn straw and soybean stalk is 10-20cm；Water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide；As excellent
Choosing, fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion：32 parts of well-rotted farmyard manure, 25 parts of corn straw, 25 parts of soybean stalk, mix bacterium agent
4 parts and 6 parts of water-retaining agent.
Further, mix bacterium agent includes the component of following weight portion：Bacillus subtilises 1-3 parts, actinomycetes 1-2 parts,
Nitrobacteria 1-2 parts and saprophytic bacteria 3-5 parts；Preferably, mix bacterium agent includes the component of following weight portion：Bacillus subtilis
4 parts of 3 parts of bacterium, 1 part of actinomycetes, 2 parts of nitrobacteria and saprophytic bacteria.
Further, above-mentioned fertilizer is prepared by the following method and obtains：Well-rotted farmyard manure, corn stalk are weighed respectively by formula
Stalk and soybean stalk, mix homogeneously is subsequently adding mix bacterium agent and continues to mix, and 30-40 DEG C ferments 20-25 days, and turned over every 3 days
Dynamic one time fermentation thing, it is 10-15% that fermentation dries fermented product to water content after finishing, and is then crushed, then is mixed with water-retaining agent,
It is obtained.
Further, nutrient is also added with the soil in the little nutrient cup of step (3) and big nutrient cup, the nutrient is
Raw material containing following weight in 1L water：Glucose 8-12g, ammonium nitrate 2-3g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2g and magnesium sulfate 0.5-1g；Add
Added-time nutrient weight accounts for the 3-4% of soil weight；Preferably, the nutrient is the raw material containing following weight in 1L water：Portugal
Grape sugar 10g, ammonium nitrate 3g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5g and magnesium sulfate 0.8g；Nutrient weight accounts for the 4% of soil weight during addition.
Further, in step (6), nutritional solution is the composition containing following weight in 1L water：Glucose 1-2g, potassium nitrate
0.1-0.15g, ammonium phosphate 0.15-0.25g, ammonium molybdate 2.5-3.2mg, ferrous sulfate 0.05-0.07g, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid two
Sodium 0.08-0.13g, magnesium sulfate 0.5-1g, vitamin B6 2.8-3.2mg and Catergen .8-3.2mg；Preferably, nutrition
Liquid is the composition containing following weight in 1L water：Glucose 1g, potassium nitrate 0.1g, ammonium phosphate 0.2g, ammonium molybdate 3.0mg, sulphuric acid are sub-
Ferrum 0.05g, disodiumedetate 0.1g, magnesium sulfate 0.5g, vitamin B6 3.0mg and vitamin C 3.0mg.
The engrafting method of the quickening rattan green pepper early fruiting and high yield that the present invention is provided, has the advantages that：
(1) in the nutritional solution that the present invention is provided, vitamin B6 and magnesium sulfate have synergism, contribute to sprouting for young leaves
Send out；Disodiumedetate, vitamin C and ferrous sulfate interact, and can increase absorption and holding of the rattan green pepper to ferrum, so as to
Promote the metabolism of plant material and energy, and then accelerate its growth.
(2) for being also added with nutrient in the soil of growth of seedling, nutrient is consisted of the present invention specific raw material, should
Nutrient not only can provide nutrient substance for seedling, promote it to grow, and also soil will not be worked the mischief.
(3) present invention is by studying each step so as to a set of new rattan green pepper engrafting method is formed, so as to realize
The purpose blossomed and beared fruit for 2 years, yield is also improved, and compared with seedling, rate of growth is up to 81%.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of engrafting method for accelerating rattan green pepper early fruiting and high yield, comprises the following steps：
(1) seed collection
The age of tree more than 10 years is selected, tree vigo(u)r is healthy and strong, no disease and pests harm, the high yield and rattan green pepper without phenomenon of alternating bear is used as seed collecting
Elite stand, harvests seed, and harvesting seed time is mid or late September, In Shade after harvesting to dry, and avoids and is exposed to the sun；
(2) sow
Seedbed is done at the beginning of 10 months, seedbed width 1m, long 30m one month prior to seeding, life are spread by the amount of 50-60kg/ mus to seedbed
Calx, fertilizer is applied after one week by the amount of 500kg/ mus to seedbed, sows first 1 day with the detergent alkylate sulphur that concentration is 0.1%
Acid sodium solution cleaning seed (also can be cleaned with washing powder solution), removes the surface of the seed oils and fatss, then clean with clean water, goes
Except dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate solution, dry, sow, per mu of sowing 40kg, sowing covers the thick soil of 1-2cm, connects after finishing
Irrigation, every mu of water consumption 1000-1200kg is finally covered using Small plastic shed thin film, and shed is highly 70-80cm, treats seedling
Plastic sheeting is opened after being unearthed, burn seedlings is prevented depending on weather condition when opening plastic sheeting；
Wherein fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion：20 parts of well-rotted farmyard manure, 20 parts of corn straw, soybean stalk 20
5 parts of part, 3 parts of mix bacterium agent and water-retaining agent；Mix bacterium agent includes the component of following weight portion：1 part of bacillus subtilises, actinomycetes
3 parts of 1 part, 1 part of nitrobacteria and saprophytic bacteria；Well-rotted farmyard manure, corn straw and soybean stalk are dry；Corn straw
It is 10-20cm with the length of soybean stalk；Water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide；
Above-mentioned fertilizer is prepared by the following method and obtains：Well-rotted farmyard manure, corn straw and Semen sojae atricolor are weighed respectively by formula
Straw, mix homogeneously is subsequently adding mix bacterium agent and continues to mix, and 30 DEG C ferment 24 days, and stirred one time fermentation thing every 3 days,
It is 10% that fermentation dries fermented product to water content after finishing, and is then crushed, then is mixed with water-retaining agent, is obtained.
(3) two-period form turns Seedling
Seedling length is treated to 10cm, is moved it in little nutrient cup (8cm × 8cm), treat that it grows, 0.2-0.3cm high to 20cm
When thick, choose excellent Seedling and move into big nutrient cup (15cm × 15cm), treat in January, the 2nd, the Seedling rugosity in big nutrient cup reaches
More than 0.6cm (two-period form turns Seedling), you can carry out grafting；
Wherein, nutrient is added with the soil in little nutrient cup and big nutrient cup, the nutrient is to dissolve Portugal in 1L water
Grape sugar 8g, ammonium nitrate 2g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1g and magnesium sulfate 0.5g；Nutrient is uniformly admixed in soil, its nutrient consumption
For 3% (percetage by weight) of soil.
(4) collection of scion and preservation
It is more than 8 years in the age of tree, adopts that sprout is full, no disease and pests harm 1 year raw branch work on the rattan green pepper elite stand of robust growth
For scion, branch length is 15cm, and containing 4-5 bud, base diameter is 0.3-0.4cm.
January gathers, and then scion is placed on the towel of moistening, and scion ulking thickness is 5-8cm, finally again in scion
Upper to cover one layer of moistening towel, Jing often sprays water to it, keeps scion moistening.
(5) grafting
Grafting time：Late January is to early Febuary；
Engrafting method：Two-period form is turned into Seedling (stock) before grafting and pours water, in the position away from ground 20cm height anvil is blocked
Wood, by stock a smooth long inclined-plane is being cut downwards at the 10cm of ground, and length is 3-4cm；It is flat one to be cut at the smooth place in scion bottom
The long bevel of cunning, long 3-4cm, then a short bevel, long 1cm, stock and the equal micro-strip xylem of scion are cut at its back side, then by scion
Insertion stock tangent plane, makes the two cambium layer alignment, is tightened with grafting special plastic band.
(6) managing after grafting
1. secondary cut anvil wood whether is needed
Nutritive cup seedlings after grafting are put in plastics Small plastic shed, one time of nutrition liquid was poured every 15 days after surviving, every time
The soil in Seedling nutrient cup will be survived to irrigate, centre also needs weeding, water spray to keep the routine operations such as its moisture abundance；Wait to transfer
After connecing 1 month, the branch and leaf sprouted on stock are rejected；When scion is sprouted newly slightly, when newly slightly length is 30cm, above graft union
Stock cuts off, garden at the beginning for the treatment of the 3-4 months, goes out 20 days before garden and removes shed, goes out behind garden to be transplanted into field cultivation.
Wherein, nutritional solution is the composition containing following weight in 1L water：Glucose 1g, potassium nitrate 0.1g, ammonium phosphate 0.15g,
Ammonium molybdate 2.5mg, ferrous sulfate 0.05g, disodiumedetate 0.08g, magnesium sulfate 0.5g, vitamin B6 2.8mg and dimension
Raw element C 2.8mg.
Embodiment 2
The difference from Example 1 of embodiment 2 is：
1st, in step (2), fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion：35 parts of well-rotted farmyard manure, 30 parts of corn straw, Semen sojae atricolor
8 parts of 30 parts of straw, 5 parts of mix bacterium agent and water-retaining agent；Mix bacterium agent includes the component of following weight portion：3 parts of bacillus subtilises,
5 parts of 2 parts of actinomycetes, 2 parts of nitrobacteria and saprophytic bacteria；
Above-mentioned fertilizer is prepared by the following method and obtains：Well-rotted farmyard manure, corn straw and Semen sojae atricolor are weighed respectively by formula
Straw, mix homogeneously is subsequently adding mix bacterium agent and continues to mix, and 40 DEG C ferment 21 days, and stirred one time fermentation thing every 3 days,
It is 15% that fermentation dries fermented product to water content after finishing, and is then crushed, then is mixed with water-retaining agent, is obtained.
2nd, in step (3), nutrient is the raw material containing following weight in 1L water：Glucose 12g, ammonium nitrate 3g, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen potassium 2g and magnesium sulfate 1g；Nutrient weight accounts for the 4% of soil weight during addition.
3rd, in step (6), nutritional solution is the composition containing following weight in 1L water：Glucose 2g, potassium nitrate 0.15g, phosphoric acid
Ammonium 0.25g, ammonium molybdate 3.2mg, ferrous sulfate 0.07g, disodiumedetate 0.13g, magnesium sulfate 1g, vitamin B6
3.2mg and vitamin C 3.2mg.
Embodiment 3
The difference from Example 1 of embodiment 3 is：
1st, in step (2), fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion：32 parts of well-rotted farmyard manure, 25 parts of corn straw, Semen sojae atricolor
6 parts of 25 parts of straw, 4 parts of mix bacterium agent and water-retaining agent；Mix bacterium agent includes the component of following weight portion：3 parts of bacillus subtilises,
4 parts of 1 part of actinomycetes, 2 parts of nitrobacteria and saprophytic bacteria.
Above-mentioned fertilizer is prepared by the following method and obtains：Well-rotted farmyard manure, corn straw and Semen sojae atricolor are weighed respectively by formula
Straw, mix homogeneously is subsequently adding mix bacterium agent and continues to mix, and 36 DEG C ferment 21 days, and stirred one time fermentation thing every 3 days,
It is 12% that fermentation dries fermented product to water content after finishing, and is then crushed, then is mixed with water-retaining agent, is obtained.
2nd, in step (3), nutrient is the raw material containing following weight in 1L water：Glucose 10g, ammonium nitrate 3g biphosphates
Potassium 1.5g and magnesium sulfate 0.8g；Nutrient weight accounts for the 4% of soil weight during addition.
3rd, in step (6), nutritional solution is the composition containing following weight in 1L water：Glucose 1g, potassium nitrate 0.1g, ammonium phosphate
0.2g, ammonium molybdate 3.0mg, ferrous sulfate 0.05g, disodiumedetate 0.1g, magnesium sulfate 0.5g, vitamin B6 3.0mg
With vitamin C 3.0mg.
Experimental example
Following experimental example is using embodiment 3 as experimental group：
1st, turning Seedling to two-period form before grafting carries out index determining, turns Seedling without the one-part form that is referred to as turning Seedling through the 2nd time, i.e.,
Always (matched group of Seedling can be turned as two-period form) is grown in cuvette, Seedling is turned to the one-part form and two-period form turns Seedling while carrying out
Determine, observation one segmentation and two-period form turn impact of the Seedling to growth of seedling, and measurement result is shown in Table 1；
The one-part form of table 1 and two-period form turn impact of the Seedling to growth of seedling
| Index | Two-period form turns Seedling (mug) | One-part form turns Seedling (cuvette) |
| Ground diameter (cm) | 0.6-0.8 | 0.4-0.5 |
| Height of seedling (cm) | 40-50 | 30-40 |
| Root system | Unfold growth in nutrient cup | Root system stretches out from the hole of nutrition wall of cup |
| Grafting convenience degree | Grafting operation is facilitated | Grafting operation is difficult |
| The grafting later stage | Grafting well-grown | Grafting is top-heavy |
As shown in Table 1, one-part form turns Seedling in terms of height of seedling, ground diameter and root index not as two-period form turns Seedling.One-part form
Turn Seedling because nutrient cup is less, root system grows wall of cup aperture, will wither when going out garden, transplanting survival rate is reduced, while one-part form
Turn Seedling because nutrient cup is less, spacing in the rows is less, be also not easy to grafting operation, especially grafting late growing stage, the scale of construction is larger, one
Segmentation turns Seedling and top-heavy, unstable situation occurs, is unfavorable for transplant survival.
And the healthy and strong one-part form selected is turned into Seedling and is transferred to cultivation in big nutrient cup, it can be ensured that stock Functionality, quality and appealing design during grafting
Good, growing way is consistent, and so as to improve graft survival rate, survival rate 100%, and one-part form turns Seedling growth and has certain difference,
Graft survival rate only has 80%.
2nd, to the selection of the number of bud in scion during grafting
Experimental group：Contain 3-4 bud in scion；
Matched group：Single bud is comprised only in scion；
Simple bud can be only formed a branch, and tree crown can not be formed then.And when 3-4 bud is contained in scion, each bud is equal
Rapid sprouting grows up to branch, then autumn just can form the tree crown of 3-4 major branch, be conducive to raising rattan green pepper yield.
3rd, managing after grafting
1. secondary cut anvil wood whether is needed
When scion is sprouted newly slightly, when newly slightly length is 30cm, the stock above graft union is cut off, treats garden at the beginning of the 3-4 months,
Go out 20 days before garden and remove shed.
Matched group：The stock above graft union is not removed, remaining operation is same as described above.
When scion grow it is new be easily subject to field to operate or blow etc. to be affected after a while, cause newly slightly to fracture, by testing
Understand that matched group fractures rate for 10%-15%, reduce final outplanting rate, affect its yield and quality.
2. shed protection and the show-through impact to graft survival rate
It is put in plastic canopy and open country after nutritive cup seedlings grafting respectively, treats scion, sprouting is newly compared after a while its survival rate, ground
Study carefully result to show, open country is lowered the temperature suddenly by winter, graft union healing is difficult, and scion is endured cold, freezed to death when serious, and mortality rate reaches
80%, and the grafting in shed is not by extraneous low temperature effect, survival rate more than 85%, it can be seen that, using modeling during grafting
Material shed affects the important step of rattan green pepper survival rate when being incubated.
4th, grafting and seedling plant after growth fraction compared with
Respectively nutritive cup seedlings grafting is gone out behind garden to be transplanted in field, and the seedling that nutritive cup seedlings not grafting grows up to
(seedling turns during Seedling in two-period form, without nutrient in nutrient cup, does not also pour during the management before field is transplanted
Fill nutritional solution) be transplanted to field in, density is 100 plants/acre, plants 2 mu, its fertilising, weeding and insect pest preventing and controlling etc. in later stage
Management all same, then autumn record its hat width, March next year, July record are bloomed and result situation, the results are shown in Table 2：
Growing state after the grafting of table 2 and transplantation of seedlings of growing directly from seeds
As shown in Table 2, under identical management condition, seedling can not form then effective tree crown, and next year blooms number
Less and flower amount also seldom, average single plant yield is 0.4kg, average yield per mu 16.8kg, it is impossible to form economic flow rate；And grafting is worked as
Autumn in year can form 3-4 major branch, and hat width reaches 1-1.3m, and up to more than 95%, average single plant yield is the number that next year blooms
1.2kg, average yield per mu 114kg, compared with seedling 97.2kg/ mus are increased, and rate of growth realizes what is blossomed and beared fruit within 2 years up to 578%
Purpose.
Claims (10)
1. it is a kind of accelerate rattan green pepper early fruiting and high yield engrafting method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) seed collection
The selection age of tree more than 10 years, tree vigo(u)r stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, high yield and the rattan green pepper without phenomenon of alternating bear are used as seed collecting mother
Tree, harvests seed；
(2) sow
Seedbed is done, one month prior to seeding, quick lime is spread to seedbed by the amount of 50-60kg/ mus, the amount of 500kg/ mus is pressed after one week
Fertilizer is applied to seedbed, sowing cleans seed in first 1 day with the dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate solution that concentration is 0.1%, then with clear
Water is cleaned up, and is dried, sowing, and per mu of sowing 40-50kg, sowing covers the thick soil of 1-2cm, then irrigates, often after finishing
Mu water consumption 1000-1200kg, is finally covered using Small plastic shed thin film, and shed is highly 70-80cm, is opened after coming up
Plastic sheeting；
(3) two-period form turns Seedling
Seedling length is treated to 10cm, is moved it in the little nutrient cup of 8cm × 8cm, treat its grow it is high to 20cm, when 0.2-0.3cm is thick, choosing
Take excellent Seedling and move into the big nutrient cup of 15cm × 15cm, treat that the Seedling rugosity in big nutrient cup reaches more than 0.6cm, you can transferred
Connect；
(4) collection of scion and preservation
It is more than 8 years in the age of tree, adopts that sprout is full on the rattan green pepper elite stand of robust growth, no disease and pests harm 1 year raw branch is used as connecing
Fringe, branch length is 15cm, and containing 4-5 bud, base diameter is 0.3-0.4cm, and then scion is placed on the towel of moistening,
Scion ulking thickness is 5-8cm, finally covers one layer in scion again and moistens towel；
(5) grafting
Two-period form turns Seedling as stock, stock is blocked in the position away from ground 20-25cm height, by stock away from ground 10-
Cut one at 12cm downwards and smooth long inclined-plane, length is 3-4cm；One is cut at the smooth place in scion bottom smooth long bevel, long 3-4cm,
Again a short bevel, long 1cm, stock and the equal micro-strip xylem of scion are cut at its back side, then stock tangent plane is inserted in scion, make two
Person's cambium layer aligns, and is tightened with grafting special plastic band；
(6) managing after grafting
Nutritive cup seedlings after grafting are put in plastics Small plastic shed, every 15 days pouring one time of nutrition liquid after surviving, 1 to be grafted
After month, the branch and leaf sprouted on stock are rejected, when scion is sprouted newly slightly, when newly slightly length is 30-32cm, by the anvil above graft union
Wood cuts off, and then goes out garden, transplants to field.
2. it is according to claim 1 accelerate rattan green pepper early fruiting and high yield engrafting method, it is characterised in that described in step (2)
Fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion：It is well-rotted farmyard manure 20-35 parts, corn straw 20-30 parts, soybean stalk 20-30 parts, mixed
Close microbial inoculum 3-5 parts and water-retaining agent 5-8 parts；Well-rotted farmyard manure, corn straw and soybean stalk are dry；Corn straw and big
The length of beanstalk stalk is 10-20cm；Water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide.
3. it is according to claim 2 accelerate rattan green pepper early fruiting and high yield engrafting method, it is characterised in that fertilizer include it is following heavy
The component of amount part：6 parts of 32 parts of well-rotted farmyard manure, 25 parts of corn straw, 25 parts of soybean stalk, 4 parts of mix bacterium agent and water-retaining agent.
4. according to Claims 2 or 3 quickening rattan green pepper early fruiting and high yield engrafting method, it is characterised in that mix bacterium agent bag
Include the component of following weight portion：Bacillus subtilises 1-3 parts, actinomycetes 1-2 parts, nitrobacteria 1-2 parts and saprophytic bacteria 3-5
Part.
5. it is according to claim 4 accelerate rattan green pepper early fruiting and high yield engrafting method, it is characterised in that mix bacterium agent include with
The component of lower weight portion：4 parts of 3 parts of bacillus subtilises, 1 part of actinomycetes, 2 parts of nitrobacteria and saprophytic bacteria.
6. according to Claims 2 or 3 quickening rattan green pepper early fruiting and high yield engrafting method, it is characterised in that the fertilizer lead to
Cross following methods to prepare：Well-rotted farmyard manure, corn straw and soybean stalk are weighed respectively by formula, mix homogeneously, then
Mix bacterium agent is added to continue to mix, 30-40 DEG C ferments 20-25 days, and one time fermentation thing was stirred every 3 days, fermentation will after finishing
It is 10-15% that fermented product is dried to water content, is then crushed, then is mixed with water-retaining agent, is obtained.
7. it is according to claim 1 accelerate rattan green pepper early fruiting and high yield engrafting method, it is characterised in that the little nutrition of step (3)
Nutrient is also added with soil in cup and big nutrient cup, the nutrient is the raw material containing following weight in 1L water：Glucose
8-12g, ammonium nitrate 2-3g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2g and magnesium sulfate 0.5-1g；Nutrient weight accounts for the 3- of soil weight during addition
4%.
8. it is according to claim 7 accelerate rattan green pepper early fruiting and high yield engrafting method, it is characterised in that the nutrient be 1L
Raw material containing following weight in water：Glucose 10g, ammonium nitrate 3g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5g and magnesium sulfate 0.8g；Nutrition during addition
Thing weight accounts for the 4% of soil weight.
9. it is according to claim 1 accelerate rattan green pepper early fruiting and high yield engrafting method, it is characterised in that it is described in step (6)
Nutritional solution is the composition containing following weight in 1L water：Glucose 1-2g, potassium nitrate 0.1-0.15g, ammonium phosphate 0.15-0.25g, molybdenum
Sour ammonium 2.5-3.2mg, ferrous sulfate 0.05-0.07g, disodiumedetate 0.08-0.13g, magnesium sulfate 0.5-1g, dimension life
Plain B6 2.8-3.2mg and vitamin C 2.8-3.2mg.
10. it is according to claim 9 accelerate rattan green pepper early fruiting and high yield engrafting method, it is characterised in that in step (6), institute
Nutritional solution is stated for the composition containing following weight in 1L water：Glucose 1g, potassium nitrate 0.1g, ammonium phosphate 0.2g, ammonium molybdate 3.0mg,
Ferrous sulfate 0.05g, disodiumedetate 0.1g, magnesium sulfate 0.5g, vitamin B6 3.0mg and vitamin C 3.0mg.
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| CN110692420A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-17 | 洪雅县和鑫农业科技发展有限公司 | Rattan pepper high-yield cultivation method |
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