CN111296161A - Cultivation method of seedless Wo oranges - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and specifically discloses a cultivation method for seedless citrus, comprising the following steps: step S1: garden selection, step S2: fruit seedling selection, step S3: soil preparation, step S4: field planting, step S5: Water and fertilizer management, step S6: pest management, step S7: shaping management, step S8: flower and fruit management. By selecting 091 seedless fertile citrus cup seedlings, optimizing water and fertilizer management, shaping management, fruit management and other measures, the present invention will remove summer shoots, strengthen autumn, promote flowers, strengthen flowers, preserve flowers, preserve fruits, nourish, sterilize, kill The organic combination of insects can not only provide sufficient nutrition for the growth of fertile citrus, but also avoid leggy branches and leaves, improve the yield and quality of fruit, improve the commercial rate and economic benefits of fertile citrus, and is beneficial to fertile citrus. promotion of planting.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of seedless fertile mandarin

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a cultivation method of a seedless citrus.

Background technique

Wo citrus is a hybrid of "Temple" orange and "Danxi" red tangerine. It belongs to a type of hybrid citrus with high sugar and late maturity. After the introduction test in many places across the country, Wo citrus has a strong growth potential, early fruiting and high yield. , The fruit has the characteristics of beautiful appearance, good quality, wide adaptability, strong stress resistance and long fruit harvesting period. However, there is a phenomenon of multi-seeds in the fruit of Wo citrus, that is, when the wo citrus is cultivated alone, the number of seeds per fruit can reach more than 10. If it is mixed with citrus varieties with normal pollen, the number of seeds per fruit can reach 20. The commerciality of citrus fruit has a certain impact.

091 Seedless Wokan is a new varietal (line) cultivated by γ-ray radiation mutagenesis from the Citrus Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It not only retains the excellent characteristics of ordinary Wokan, but also reduces the number of seeds per fruit to 1~3. Some are even seedless, which is very popular among consumers. At present, the large-scale planting of 091 seedless citrus is still less, and there is no mature planting experience. The comprehensive performance varies greatly, and the yield and quality are uneven, which affects the popularization and planting of seedless citrus.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method of fertile citrus seedless, so as to overcome the defects of uneven yield and quality that are easy to occur in large-scale planting of fertile citrus seedless, improve the commercial rate of fertile citrus seedless, so as to facilitate the seedless fertile citrus The promotion and cultivation of wo oranges.

For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of cultivation method of seedless tangerine mandarin, which is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

S1, garden selection: choose fertile and loose soil to build the garden, the soil pH value is 5.5-6.5; and ensure that the orchard has good ventilation and light transmission.

S2, fruit seedling selection; seedling selection comes from the 091 seedless fertile mandarin cup seedling cultivated by the Citrus Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; the rootstock is selected from the Citrus citrus rootstock or Citrus Citrus rootstock.

S3, soil preparation: adopt deep ploughing and subsoiling method, plough the soil to a depth of 55-65cm, and then harrow the soil until it is leveled, and dig a drainage ditch.

S4, planting: the seedlings of step S2 are planted, the row spacing of the planting is 3-4 meters, and the plant spacing is 2-3 meters; the grafting interface is exposed to the soil surface by 4-6 cm.

S5, water and fertilizer management: in the first year after planting, apply 8-12 kg/plant of commercial organic fertilizer; in the second year, apply 20-25 kg/plant of decomposed farmyard manure, and apply 20-25 kg/plant of commercial organic fertilizer in the third year And potassium fulvic acid 4-6 kg/plant, the fourth year and later apply commercial organic fertilizer 20-25 kg/plant and potassium fulvic acid 4-6 kg/plant; Sufficient water is supplied during the three periods of budding, flowering and fruiting.

S6, Pest management: Common diseases of citrus seedless citrus include citrus canker, sunburn, spider mites, aphids, leaf miners and thrips, which are controlled by a combination of agricultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control.

S7, shaping management: After the summer shoots are extracted, most of the first batch of summer shoots are wiped off, leaving 8-10 summer shoots per plant to control the shoots by shoots; in mid-June, when the fruit diameter reaches 2.6-3.0cm, Keep the late summer shoots, which can provide shade and avoid sunburn. Preferably, when the fruit diameter reaches 2.8cm, keep the late summer shoots. From late July to early September, prune branches and leaves to release autumn shoots, leave 3 thick branches on each fork, and retain a length of 20-25cm for each branch; when the new buds grow to 5-6cm, remove too many weak branches in time. For buds, only 2 to 3 healthy buds with reasonable distribution are left on each base tip; when each bud is thinned, a new shoot with uniform growth is selected for each site.

S8, management of flowers and fruits: spray flower-promoting agent after autumn shoots turn green; spray fruit-preserving agent when 75%-85% of the flowers are withered; use physical measures combining girdling, girdling and cerclage after fruiting. Reduce the rough-skinned fruit; thin the fruit in the big year, strengthen the protection of flowers and fruit in the small year; keep 400-500 fruit per plant. Among them, in Xiaonian, flowers and fruits can be protected by strengthening the spraying of foliar fertilizers, flower-promoting agents, fruit-preserving agents, and growth regulators.

Preferably, in step S5, the decomposed farmyard manure is decomposed chicken manure, and 3-4 kg/plant of peanut bran can be applied while applying the decomposed chicken manure.

Preferably, in step S5, the decomposed farmyard manure includes the following components by mass percentage: N: ( _4.0-4.9 )%, _P2O5 : (3.0-3.6)%, K2O: ( _2.2-2.8 )%; Ca: (2.5-2.8)%; Mg: (0.5-0.7)%; B: 0.003%; Zn: 0.0352%; , Cu element, impurities and moisture, etc.; the commercial organic fertilizer includes the following mass percentage components: N: (2.0-3.0)%, P ₂ O ₅ : (3.5-3.9) %, K ₂ O: (1.5-1.9) %; Ca: (5.0-5.8)%; Mg: (0.6-0.9)%; In addition, it also contains a small amount of B and Zn, as well as Fe, Mn, Cu elements, impurities and moisture, etc.; , the mass content of fulvic acid is 42%-48%.

Preferably, in step S6, the prevention and treatment of ulcer disease: in the early stage of the onset, choose the medicine after 4:00 pm in cloudy days or when the sun is high temperature; medicine selection: 23% copper rosinate 500-600 times + 80% mancozeb 1000 times ( Use when the disease is serious, not use when it is not serious, the same below) + 97% mineral oil (Xicui, produced by Total, France, the same below) 200 to 500 times (the concentration is lower when the temperature is high, and the concentration is higher when the temperature is low. ); or 27.12% basic copper sulfate (copper noble, produced by Nufarm, Australia) 400 to 500 times + 80% mancozeb 1000 times + 97% mineral oil (Xicui) 200 to 500 times; or 46% Copper hydroxide (can kill 3,000 times, produced by DuPont, USA) 1200 to 1500 times + 80% mancozeb 1000 times + 97% mineral oil (Xicui) 200 to 500 times; control of leaf miners: focus on releasing shoots , when the buds are about 1cm long, spray the medicine, spray again after 7-10 days, and use the medicine for selection: 500 times of 25% insecticidal double water solution + 1,500 times of 5% imidacloprid EC or 1.8% abamectin Either of 2000 times of EC + 1000 times of 5% lufenuron; red spider control: use 200-500 times of 97% mineral oil (Xicui) + "fruit full" 46% biphenyl when clearing the garden in winter Hydrazate. Etoxazole (34.5% bifenazate, 11.5% etoxazole) 2000~3000 times liquid. At other times, use "Hugan" insecticidal and acaricidal synergistic adjuvant (organosilicon agricultural adjuvant, main components trisiloxane, non-ionic surfactant, content ≧95.2%) 2500-3000 times liquid + 20% ethyl acetate 2,500-3,000 times of miteazole or 2,500-3,000 times of 73% gmite. Aphid control: Use 2500-3000 times of "protect orange" insecticidal and acaricidal synergist + 1500-2000 times of 20% acetamiprid or 30% thiamethoxam. High chlorofluoride (20% thiamethoxam, 10 % high-efficiency cyhalothrin) 1500 to 2000 times liquid.

Preferably, in step S7, after the autumn shoots are mature, 2-3 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprinkled, and 200-300 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprinkled per 100 catties of fruit trees to ensure that the autumn leaves are adequately nutritious and grow strong. When the autumn shoots are about to mature from mid-November to late December, use 25% paclobutrazol 500 to 600 times to spray 1 to 2 times to prevent winter shoots from germinating.

Preferably, in step S8, after the autumn shoots turn green, spray 25% paclobutrazol 500~600 times ten "Huaguo Run" (cytokinin) 1000 times ten cyanine excellent potassium polyphosphate 1000 times; every 20 days, spray cyanine 1000 times better potassium polyphosphate and 3000 times more than 1% of S-decoycin and 500~600 times of paclobutrazol 25% to promote flower bud differentiation.

Preferably, in step S8, it also includes the step of strengthening the flower, the flower bud germinates 2 cm, and sprays "Qiaorun" (imported seaweed) 1500 times ten times "Kebaowo" Runhua No. 1 (calcium magnesium boron zinc silicon) 1000 times; Spray once every 10 days "Bihumeiyue" 20,000 times, "Qiaofeng" 1,000 times (imported amino acids) and 2,000 times fluid boron.

Preferably, in step S8, spraying the fruit-preserving agent is specifically: spraying "Huaguorun" (2% cytokinin) 1000 times + 3% gibberellin 10ppm ten cyanine potassium polyphosphate 2000 times + "Pretty Run" (Imported seaweed) 1000 times tetrazolium and 1500 times methyl sulfide; after 5 days, spray "Bihumeiyue" 20000 times ten "Qiaofeng" (imported amino acids) 1000 times; spray 3% gibberellin every 5~7 days 10ppm Ten Yunlu 0.01% (14-hydroxybrassin sterol) 2000 times ten cyanine excellent potassium polyphosphate 2000 times ten "Qiaorun" / "Qiaofeng" (imported seaweed) 1500 times.

Preferably, in step S8, in the middle and late April, before the first physiological fruit drop, a knife No. 0 is used to cut the ring once, and after cutting a whole circle, only the phloem is cut, and the xylem is not damaged; after 15 days, the knife No. 0 is used Girdle once or gird with No. 1 knife, and peel off 2/3 to 3/4 of the stem when girdling.

Preferably, in step S8, spray "touch-up" foliar fertilizer when 80% of the autumn shoots are mature, and spray the "touch-up" foliar fertilizer after diluting 700-800 times, and spray once every 20 days.

Preferably, when spraying "polishing" foliar fertilizers, combine 0.5-1.0 kg/plant of superphosphate + agricultural potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 0.5-1.0 kg/plant + 4-6 kg/plant of potassium fulvic acid. strains.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

Through the rational selection of fruit seedlings, optimization of water and fertilizer management, plastic management, flower and fruit management and other measures, the method organically combines the removal of summer shoots, the growth of autumn buds, flower promotion, flower growth, fruit preservation, nourishment, sterilization, insecticide and the like. It provides sufficient nutrition for the growth of fertile citrus seedless, avoids leggy branches and leaves, improves the yield and quality of fruit, and improves the commercial rate of fertile citrus seedless. According to this method, the yield per plant of the 3-year fruit tree is 49.11kg, the unit price is 13.0 yuan/kg, and the output value per mu reaches 35,116.48 yuan. Some of the surrounding or nearby seedless citrus orchards are planted with diseased seedlings, some are not deeply ploughed, water and fertilizer are not in place, and some measures to protect flowers and fruits are not scientific enough, resulting in a large number of flowers but serious flower and fruit drop, and low yield. The average yield of the three orchards is only 497.69kg per mu, and the output value per mu is 5474.60 yuan, which shows poor economic benefits. Therefore, the adoption of the present invention is beneficial to the popularization and planting of the seedless citrus.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the 3-year-old Citrus aurantium rootstock seedless fertile citrus fruit tree cultivated by the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the 3-year-old Citrus aurantium rootstock seedless citrus fruit tree cultivated by the present invention.

Figure 3 is a seedless citrus cultivated in the present invention.

Figure 4 is a cutaway view of the seedless citrus cultivated in the present invention.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.

The test site is located in Jiangxi Town, Jiangnan District, Nanning City, Guangxi Province. It belongs to the south subtropical monsoon climate region. The latitude is low, between 22°20′ north latitude and 107°56′15″～108°22′30″ east longitude. The solar radiation is strong, and the annual The average temperature is 21.6 ℃, the precipitation is abundant, the annual rainfall is 1100-1800mm, and the average humidity is 79%.

On December 20, 2015, 091 seedless citrus cup seedlings (introduced from the Citrus Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences) were planted, with a plant height of about 30cm, a row spacing of 3 meters × 4 meters, an area of 130 acres, and a total of 7150 plants.

The planting method includes the following steps:

S1, garden selection: choose fertile and loose soil to build the garden, the soil pH value is 5.5-6.5; and ensure that the orchard has good ventilation and light transmission.

S2, selection of fruit seedlings; 091 seedless fertile mandarin cup seedlings cultivated by the Citrus Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences were selected.

S3, soil preparation: adopt deep ploughing and subsoiling method, plough the soil to a depth of 55-65cm, and then harrow the soil until it is leveled, and dig a drainage ditch.

S4, colonization: the seedlings in step S2 are colonized with a row spacing of 3 to 4 meters and a plant spacing of 2 to 3 meters;

S5, water and fertilizer management: in the first year after planting, apply 8-12 kg/plant of commercial organic fertilizer; in the second year, apply 20-25 kg/plant of decomposed farmyard manure, and apply 20-25 kg/plant of commercial organic fertilizer in the third year And potassium fulvic acid 4-6 kg/plant, the fourth year and thereafter apply commercial organic fertilizer 20-25 kg/plant and potassium fulvic acid 4-6 kg/plant. Complete spring fertilizer in early February to ensure adequate nutrition during flowering. At the same time, supply sufficient water during the three periods of budding, flowering and fruiting. According to third-party testing, the decomposed farmyard manure includes the following mass percentage components: N: 4.4241%, P2O5: 3.1801%, K2O: 2.4940%; Ca: 2.7415%; Mg: 0.5565%; Fe: 0.0530%; Mn: 0.593% ; B: 0.003%; Cu: 0.0042%; Zn: 0.0352%; organic matter 55.3998%. The commercial organic fertilizer includes the following mass percentage components: N: 2.0574%, P2O5: 3.7150%, K2O: 1.6735%; Ca: 5.6362%; Mg: 0.7345%; Fe: 1.0843%; Mn: 0.0746%; B: 0.0275% ; Cu: 0.0024%; Zn: 0.0671%; organic matter 54.0360%. The potassium humate includes the following mass percentage components: N: 3.74%, P2O5: 0.67%, K2O: 13.2%; Ca: 1.91%; Mg: 0.87%; Fe: 0.0494%; Mn: 0.0108%; B: 0.003 %; Cu: 0.00078%; Zn: 0.0132%; organic matter 69.1%, fulvic acid 45.8%.

Of course, other commercial organic fertilizers with similar functions and decomposed farmyard manure can also be used, and the decomposed farmyard manure can be decomposed chicken manure. In terms of preventing rough-skinned fruits, organic fertilizers can be applied when the fruits are strong in autumn, the application of nitrogen fertilizers can be controlled, and gibberellins can be strictly controlled (because the seedless citrus has no seeds, it cannot secrete gibberellins, if it lacks this hormone, it will It is easy to drop fruit, and the yield cannot be guaranteed) and other hormones.

S6, Pest management: Common diseases of citrus seedless citrus include citrus canker, sunburn, spider mites, aphids, leaf miners and thrips, which are controlled by a combination of agricultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control. Among them, the prevention and treatment of ulcer disease: in the early stage of the disease, choose to take medicine after 4 pm in cloudy or high-temperature weather; drug selection: 23% copper rosinate 500 to 600 times + 80% mancozeb 1000 times (use when the disease is serious, It is not necessary when it is not serious, the same below) + 97% mineral oil (Xicui, produced by Total, France, the same below) 200 to 500 times (the concentration is lower when the temperature is high, and the concentration is higher when the temperature is low); or 27.12% Basic copper sulfate (copper noble, produced by Nufarm, Australia) 400 to 500 times + 80% mancozeb 1000 times + 97% mineral oil (Xicui) 200 to 500 times; or 46% copper hydroxide (can Killed 3,000 times, produced by DuPont Company in the United States) 1200-1500 times + 80% mancozeb 1000 times + 97% mineral oil (Xicui) 200-500 times; control of leaf miners: focus on releasing shoots, and grow 1cm in buds When left and right, spraying, spraying again after 7-10 days, the medicine used is selected: 500 times of 25% insecticidal double water solution+5% imidacloprid EC 1500 times or 1.8% abamectin EC 2000 times+ Any group in 5% lufenuron 1000 times solution. Red spider control: use 97% mineral oil (Xicui) 200 to 500 times liquid in winter clearing the garden + "Guomanjin" 46% bifenazate. etoxazole (34.5% bifenazate, 11.5% etoxazole) ) 2000～3000 times liquid. At other times, use "Hugan" insecticidal and acaricidal synergistic adjuvant (organosilicon agricultural adjuvant, main components trisiloxane, non-ionic surfactant, content ≧95.2%) 2500-3000 times liquid + 20% ethyl acetate 2,500-3,000 times of miteazole or 2,500-3,000 times of 73% gmite. Aphid control: Use 2500-3000 times of "protect orange" insecticidal and acaricidal synergist + 1500-2000 times of 20% acetamiprid or 30% thiamethoxam. High chlorofluoride (20% thiamethoxam, 10 % high-efficiency cyhalothrin) 1500 to 2000 times liquid.

S7, shaping management: After the summer shoots are extracted, most of the first batch of summer shoots are wiped off, leaving 8-10 summer shoots per plant; in mid-June, when the fruit diameter reaches 2.8cm, keep the late summer shoots, and keep the late summer shoots. Summer shoots can provide shade and avoid sunburn. Prune the branches and leaves before and after the beginning of autumn to release the autumn shoots, leaving 3 thick branches on each fork, and each branch retains a length of 20-25cm. When the new buds grow to 5-6cm, too many weak buds are removed in time, and only 2-3 healthy buds with reasonable distribution are left on each base shoot. When thinning shoots each time, select a new shoot with even growth at each site. Timely shaping to ensure that the autumn shoots have sufficient time to mature. After the autumn shoots are mature, pour potassium dihydrogen phosphate once, and pour 250 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per 100 catties of fruit trees to ensure that the autumn leaves are adequately nourished and grow strong. When the autumn shoots are about to mature from mid-November to late December, use 25% paclobutrazol 500 to 600 times to spray 1 to 2 times to prevent winter shoots from germinating.

S8, flower and fruit management: spray 25% paclobutrazol 500~600 times after the autumn shoots turn green Potassium polyphosphate 1000 times ten times more than 3000 times that of 1% S-decoycin and 500~600 times that of 25% paclobutrazol, which promotes flower bud differentiation and reduces the number of leafy flowers or no-fancy flowers. The flower buds germinate 2 cm, spray "Qiaorun" (imported seaweed) 1500 times once and ten "Kebaowo" Runhua No. 1 (calcium magnesium boron zinc silicon) 1000 times; spray "Bihumeiyue" 20000 times every 10 days Ten "Qiaofeng" 1000 times (imported amino acids) ten fluid boron 2000 times. Reduce deformed flowers and achieve the purpose of strong flowers.

When 75%-85% of the flowers are withered, spray a fruit-preserving agent, specifically: spray "Huaguorun" (2% cytokinin) 1000 times ten 3% gibberellin 10ppm ten cyanine excellent potassium polyphosphate 2000 times ten " "Qiaorun" (imported seaweed) 1000 times tetraconazole. Methyl sulfide 1500 times; after 5 days, spray "Bihumeiyue" 20000 times ten "Qiaofeng" (imported amino acids) 1000 times; spray 3% every 5~7 days Gibberellin 10ppm Ten Rulu 0.01% (14-hydroxybrassin sterol) 2000 times ten cyanine excellent potassium polyphosphate 2000 times ten "Qiaorun" / "Qiaofeng" (imported seaweed) 1500 times. Make sure that the flower buds come out smoothly.

After fruiting, physical measures combining girdling, girdling and cerclage are used to reduce rough-skinned fruits; fruit thinning should be carried out in the big year, and foliar fertilizers such as high phosphorus and high potassium, boric acid, alginic acid, paclobutrazol, gibberellin and other foliar fertilizers should be sprayed in small years. Plant growth regulators such as acid, cytokinin, brassin and other plant growth regulators can promote flower, preserve flower, and preserve fruit, leaving 400-500 fruit per plant. From 4.15th to 4.20th, before the first physiological fruit drop, take the No. 0 knife to cut once, cut a whole circle, only cut the phloem, do not damage the xylem; 15 days later, use the No. 0 knife to cut once or use 1 Use a girdling knife to peel off 2/3 to 3/4 of the stem when girdling.

When 80% of the autumn shoots are mature, spray "touch-up" foliar fertilizer, dilute the "touch-up" foliar fertilizer by 700 to 800 times and spray, and spray once every 20 days. When spraying "touch-up" foliar fertilizer, combine the application of superphosphate 0.5-1.0 kg/plant + agricultural potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 0.5-1.0 kg/plant + potassium humate 4-6 kg/plant.

Other cultivation and management techniques are basically the same as those of ordinary Wokan.

Randomly select 2 trees in each of the five directions of east, south, west, north and middle of the 091 Seedless Wokan orchard, with a total of 10 trees, observe and record the phenological stages (budding stage, flowering stage) of 091 Seedless Wokan , the first physiological fruit drop period, the second physiological fruit drop period, the fruit expansion period, the fruit color change period and the fruit ripening period). On February 26, 2019, a field test was conducted, and 10 citrus fruit trees with similar growth vigor were selected, and 10 seedless citrus fruit trees were selected, and the plant height, east-west crown diameter, and north-south crown diameter were measured with a common tape measure, respectively. The dry diameter was measured with a vernier caliper, and the number of results per plant was finally counted. Then, 10 091 seedless citrus fruit trees with similar growth potential were randomly selected, and the leaf length, leaf width and leaf thickness of leaves on the upper, middle and lower parts of the canopy and leaves on the upper, middle and lower parts of the same branch were measured with ordinary tape measure and vernier caliper. At the fruit maturity stage, 20 fruits of 091 seedless citrus citrus rootstock and citrus citrus rootstock were collected respectively for fruit quality determination. The single fruit weight, pulp weight, peel weight and seed weight were weighed with an electronic balance, and the fruit cross-section was measured with a vernier caliper. Diameter, longitudinal diameter and peel thickness, measure the soluble solid content of the fruit with a sugar meter, count the number of seeds per fruit, and calculate the edible rate as follows: Edible rate = pulp weight/single fruit weight × 100%.

Statistical analysis of experimental data was performed using Microsoft Excel 2019, and significance analysis was performed using Duncan's new multiple range method in DPS v18.10 advanced version.

results and analysis

1. Phenological period

The budding period of 091 Seedless Wokan in Nanning, Guangxi is from early February to early March, the flowering period is from early March to late March, the first physiological fruit drop period is in the middle and late April, and the second physiological fruit drop period. In early and mid-May, the fruit expansion period is from early June to mid-to-late September. In early November, some fruits began to enter the color-changing period, and the smooth skin gradually turned yellow-green. In late December, the skin of all fruits was golden. Yellow, the skin of the fruit is orange or orange-red in January of the following year. The ripening period of the fruit is from January to April of the following year. The fruit picking period of 091 seedless citrus mandarin is long, and the tree can be stored until May of the following year at the latest. At this time, it still has a good fruit flavor, and some fresh fruits have even been picked for as long as the market. half a year.

The horticultural traits

The survey on February 26, 2019 showed that after planting for about 3 years, the average plant height of citrus angus 091 was 294.4cm, the average stem diameter (about 20cm above the graft interface) was 79.23mm, and the average crown diameter was 283.08 cm×265.24cm, the average number of fruits per plant is 217.60; the average plant height of citrus anvil 091 is 335.40cm, the average stem diameter (about 20cm above the graft interface) is 87.65mm, and the average crown diameter is 326.84cm ×310.82cm, the average number of fruits per plant is 378.80 (see Table 1), and the 091 seedless citrus, which is the rootstock of Citrus aurantium, is better than the rootstock of Citrus aurantium in terms of growth vigor and number of results per plant. In Nanning, 3 years after planting in 2015, the average crown height was 200.0cm, the average crown diameter was 200.0cm×220.0cm, and the average perimeter of the trunk above 6cm at the grafting interface was 19.0cm. It can be seen that the plant growth potential of 091 seedless tangerine is stronger than that of ordinary tangerine.

The leaves of 091 Seedless mandarin orange are wide-lanceolate, and the edges of the leaves are wavy and obtuse-serrated. The size of the leaves in different parts is different. By comparison, it can be seen that the lower mature leaves are the largest, and the upper leaves are longer than the middle leaves. However, the width of the blade in the middle is not enough, and the thickness of the blade in different parts varies slightly, and the overall stability tends to be stable. The leaf length of this variety is 94.23mm (the average leaf width of the upper, middle and lower parts, the leaf width is the same), and the leaf width is 41.97mm, which indicates that the Nanning light source has sufficient nutrients, which can meet the normal growth of 091 Seedless fertile mandarin, and the photosynthesis of the tree body. Good, showing the characteristics of strong growth (see Table 2). In order to further understand the growth habit of the fruiting shoots of 091 seedless mandarin orange, this experiment measured the leaf characteristics of the upper, middle and lower parts of the same branch. The lower leaves were significantly different, with an average leaf length of 102.4 mm, which was smaller than the leaf length in the middle of other branches, and the characters were more stable, and the middle leaves were the thickest, with an average leaf thickness of 0.49 mm, and the width of the lower leaves in the same branch was the largest, This is followed by the middle and finally the upper, with an average leaf width of 50.67mm. It shows that the middle part of the same branch is the main fruiting part, the nutrient level of the branch is high, and the photosynthesis for it under suitable light conditions is strong, followed by the upper part, and finally the lower part (see Table 3). The crown of 091 Seedless Wokan in the early stage is a natural round head shape. After the fruiting, the branches gradually open, which is the same as the ordinary Wokan, with some short thorns on the top of the branches. The late fruit drop of this variety is not serious. In the daily management process, citrus canker, sunburn, red spider, leaf miner, thrips, rust tick, tangerine fruit fly and other diseases and insect pests and zinc deficiency, magnesium deficiency and other symptoms of deficiency have occurred. No Huanglongbing was found, and the overall occurrence of diseases and insect pests was relatively light.

3. Fruit quality

The fruit of 091 Seedless Wokan is moderate in size, oblate, and the fruit surface is smooth and clean with few pits, orange or orange-red, and the oil cells are dense. During the fruit harvesting period, Citrus Citrus Anvil 091 has an average fruit weight of 160.25g, a transverse fruit diameter of 71.20mm, a longitudinal diameter of 57.51mm, a peel thickness of 3.41mm, a pulp weight of 129.29g, and an average seed weight of 129.29g. The number of seeds is 0.8, the seed weight is 0.11g, and the soluble solids are 13.08%; while the 091 seedless citrus citrus rootstock of Citrus aurantium has an average fruit weight of 168.88g, a fruit transverse diameter of 73.32mm, and a fruit longitudinal diameter of 59.13mm. , the peel thickness is 3.82mm, the pulp weight is 126.41g, the peel weight is 42.33g, the average number of seeds is 0.8, the seed weight is 0.14g, and the soluble solid content is 13.68% (see Table 4). At this time, the peel of 091 Seedless Wokan is tight and slippery, and it is easier to peel off. The overall performance is crisp, firm, juicy, and slag. It is the best time to eat 091 Seedless Wokan. During the whole investigation period, the phenomenon of fruit drop of 091 seedless citrus was very small, and the damage by pests and diseases was not serious, and the goal of high yield and high quality could be achieved. Juvenile phenomenon occurs. In order to avoid the occurrence of large and small years in the production and cultivation of 091 seedless citrus and to promote the realization of the production goal of stable production year after year, it is necessary to carry out necessary pruning in the management of autumn shoots, fruit harvesting and post-harvest period.

Combined with the field test, it was found that the tree type of 091 seedless citrus has a great influence on the yield. The open tree type is easy to preserve fruit, and the upright tree type has too strong apical dominance, synthesis and consumption of auxin, and the contradiction between top fruit hormones and nutrition is prominent. , it will be difficult to preserve the fruit. In terms of promoting flowers and preserving flowers, it is necessary to put away good flowers, reduce the number of leafy flowers or non-fancy flowers, and comb out leafy flowers or non-flowered spring shoots with a length of more than 10 cm as soon as possible. Before blooming, ensure adequate nutrition and reduce the number of deformed outcropping flowers. Strictly control the feeding of nitrogen fertilizer after flowering, and strictly control the extraction of summer shoots. Fruit preservation must adopt a comprehensive program, and do not expect to use hormones alone to preserve fruit. From the beginning of the autumn shoots to the end of the second guarantee, the consistent measures of tree shape, flower promotion, flower growth and fruit preservation should be comprehensively applied in order to preserve the fruit.

The invention adopts measures such as better selection of seedlings, deep soil ploughing, water and fertilizer management, plastic management, flower promotion and fruit protection, and disease and insect pest prevention and control. . In the surrounding or nearby orchards, some diseased seedlings were planted, some were not cultivated deeply, the water and fertilizer were not in place, and the measures to protect flowers and fruits were not scientific enough, resulting in a large amount of flowers but serious flower and fruit drop, and low yield. There is an output per mu of 497.69kg and an output value of 5474.60 yuan per mu. The economic benefits are poor. See Table 5 for details.

To sum up, the present invention organically combines removal of summer shoots, strong autumn growth, flower promotion, flower growth, fruit preservation, nourishment, sterilization, insecticide, etc. It can not only provide sufficient nutrition for the growth of fertile seedless citrus, but also avoid leggy branches and leaves, improve the yield and quality of fruit, improve the commercial rate and economic benefit of fertile seedless citrus, and is conducive to the popularization and planting of fertile seedless citrus.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many changes and modifications are possible in light of the above teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described for the purpose of explaining certain principles of the invention and their practical applications, to thereby enable one skilled in the art to make and utilize various exemplary embodiments and various different aspects of the invention. Choose and change. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A cultivation method of seedless Or citrus is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, garden selection: selecting fertile and loose soil to build a garden, wherein the pH value of the soil is 5.5-6.5; and ensures good ventilation and light transmission of the orchard;

s2, selecting fruit seedlings; selecting 091 seedless Wo orange cup seedlings which are cultured by the orange research institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences; the rootstock is a poncirus trifoliata rootstock or a poncirus trifoliata rootstock;

s3, soil preparation: adopting a deep ploughing and deep scarification method, ploughing to 55-65cm, harrowing to be flat, and digging a drainage ditch;

s4, planting: planting the nursery stock obtained in the step S2, wherein the row spacing of the planting is 3-4 m, and the planting spacing is 2-3 m; the grafting opening is exposed to the soil surface by 5-10 cm;

s5, water and fertilizer management: in the first year after planting, applying 8-12 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per plant; applying 20-25 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per plant in the second year, applying 20-25 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per plant and 4-6 kg of potassium fulvate per plant in the third year, and applying 20-25 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per plant and 4-6 kg of potassium fulvate per plant in the fourth year and later; applying spring fertilizer in the last ten days of 2 months, and supplying sufficient water in three periods of germination, flowering and fruiting;

s6, pest management: common diseases of the seedless woolly orange comprise citrus canker, sunscald, red spider, aphid, leaf miner and thrips, and are controlled by combining agricultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control measures;

s7, shaping management: after the summer shoots are extracted, removing most of the first batch of summer shoots, and reserving 8-10 branches of the summer shoots for each plant; in the middle ten days of the month 6, when the fruit diameter reaches 2.6-3.0cm, the late summer tip is reserved; pruning branches and leaves to release autumn tips from late 7 months to early 9 months, reserving 3 robust branches on each branch, and reserving the length of each branch to be 20-25 cm; timely removing excessive weak buds when the new buds grow to 5-6 cm, and only leaving 2-3 reasonably distributed healthy and strong buds on each base tip; selecting and reserving a new shoot with uniform growth at each site during bud thinning each time;

s8, flower and fruit management: spraying a flower promoting agent after the autumn shoots turn green; spraying a fruit retention agent when the flowers wither 75-85%; after fruits are hung, the physical measures of combining girdling, girdling and girdling are adopted, so that the coarse fruits are reduced; thinning fruits in the year and strengthening flower and fruit retention in the year; each plant was left with 400 results.

2. The cultivation method of the coreless Or, as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in step S5, the decomposed farmyard manure comprises the following components in percentage by mass: n: (4.0-4.9)%, P₂O₅：（3.0-3.6）%，K₂O: (2.2-2.8)%; ca: (2.5-2.8)%; mg: (0.5-0.7)%; b: 0.003%; zn: 0.0352%; organic matter (50-58)%; the commercial organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: n: (2.0-3.0)%, P₂O₅：（3.5-3.9）%，K₂O: (1.5-1.9)%; ca: (5.0-5.8)%; mg: (0.6-0.9)%; in the potassium fulvate, the mass content of fulvic acid is 42-48%.

3. The cultivation method of Seedless Or citrus according to claim 1, wherein in step S6, canker diseases are controlled by: in the early stage of disease occurrence, the medicine is taken after 4 pm in cloudy days or in high-temperature weather of the sun; the medicine is selected as follows: 500-600 times of 23% copper rosinate, 1000 times of 80% mancozeb, and 200-500 times of 97% mineral oil (Hicui, produced by Dadall, France, the same applies below); or 27.12% basic copper sulfate (Gaoshan, produced by Nissem, Australia) 400-500 times, 80% mancozeb 1000 times, 97% mineral oil (Hitachi) 200-500 times; or 46% copper hydroxide (manufactured by DuPont, USA) 1200-1500 times, 80% mancozeb 1000 times, 97% mineral oil (Hi Cui) 200-500 times; and (3) preventing and controlling leaf miner: concentrating and tip-releasing, spraying the pesticide when the bud is 1cm long, and spraying the pesticide again after 7-10 days, wherein the used pesticide is selected from the following raw materials: one of 500 times of 25% bisultap water solution and 1500 times of 5% imidacloprid missible oil solution or 2000 times of 1.8% abamectin missible oil solution and 1000 times of 5% lufenuron solution; and (3) red spider prevention and control: in winter, 97% of mineral oil (Xicui) 200-500 times of liquid is adopted for cleaning the garden, and the seed is filled with 46% of bifenazate and etoxazole (34.5% of bifenazate and 11.5% of etoxazole) 2000-3000 times of liquid; in other times, 2500-3000 times of the 'citrus-protecting' insecticidal and acaricidal synergistic auxiliary agent is used, and 2500-3000 times of the 'etoxazole' solution and 20% of 2500-3000 times of the 'clofentex' solution or 73% of 2500-3000 times of the 'propargite' solution are used; and (3) prevention and control of aphids: the citrus-protecting insecticidal and acaricidal synergistic additive is 2500-3000 times of liquid, 20% of acetamiprid 1500-2000 times of liquid or 30% of thiacloprid and high-chlorine fluorine (20% thiamethoxam and 10% high-efficiency cyhalothrin) 1500-2000 times of liquid.

4. The cultivation method of kernel-free Or fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S7, the mature tips of autumn are drenched with 2-3 times of monopotassium phosphate, and each 100 jin of fruits are drenched with 200-300 g of monopotassium phosphate; when the autumn tip is about to age in the middle ten (11) to the late ten (12) months, spraying 500-600 times of 25% paclobutrazol for 1-2 times.

5. The cultivation method of the seedless Wookan as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S8, after turning green in autumn, 25% paclobutrazol is sprayed 500-600 times ten 'flower moisture' (cytokinin) 1000 times decacyanine YOU potassium polyphosphate 1000 times; and spraying 500-600 times of 3000-25% paclobutrazol which is 1000 times of potassium cyanine-excellent polyphosphate and 1% of ten S-abscisic acid every 20 days to promote flower bud differentiation.

6. The cultivation method of the seedless wonkan according to claim 1, wherein the step S8 further comprises a flower strengthening step, wherein the flower buds sprout for 2cm, and the flower bud is sprayed once for "pretty young" (imported seaweed) 1500 times and ten times of the flower 1 (calcium magnesium boron zinc silicon) of "kobaoho" (kobaohuo) 1000 times; spraying 'Binbaomeiyue' 20000 times and ten times 'Qiaofeng' 1000 times (imported amino acid) and 2000 times of boron fluid every 10 days.

7. The cultivation method of the kernel-free Or citrus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S8, the spraying of the fruit retention agent is specifically: spraying 1000 times of flower and fruit moisture (2% cytokinin), 10ppm of gibberellin, 10ppm of deca-cyanine optimal potassium polyphosphate, 2000 times of deca, 1000 times of deca-azole ether (imported seaweed), and 1500 times of methionine; spraying 20000 times of ' Bianmeiyue ' and 1000 times of Qiaofeng ' (imported amino acid) every 5 days; spraying 0.01% (14-hydroxyl brassinosteroid) 2000 times of deca-cyanine-excellent potassium polyphosphate 0.01 ppm of 3% gibberellin 10ppm every 5-7 days, and making the deca-cyanine-excellent potassium polyphosphate 2000 times ten times, and making the deca-excellent potassium polyphosphate 1000 times, and making the deca-excellent potassium polyphosphate/the deca-excellent Feng (imported seaweed) 1500 times.

8. The method for cultivating an nrose citrus fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S8, before the first physiological fruit drop in late 4 months, the cultivation is performed by cutting with a 0-gauge knife ring, and cutting a complete circle, and cutting off the phloem without damaging the xylem; and after 15 days, cutting the tree by using a 0 # knife in a ring mode or stripping the tree by using a 1 # knife in a ring mode, and stripping 2/3-3/4 of the tree stem during ring stripping.

9. The cultivation method of the seedless Wo citrus as claimed in claim 9, wherein in step S8, a 'color-moistening' foliar fertilizer is sprayed when 80% of autumn tips are mature, and the 'color-moistening' foliar fertilizer is sprayed after being diluted by 700-800 times and is sprayed once every 20 days.

10. The cultivation method of the seedless Or citrus as claimed in claim 9, wherein 0.5-1.0 kg/plant of calcium superphosphate + 0.5-1.0 kg/plant of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride + 4-6 kg/plant of potassium fulvate are applied in combination with spraying of the "color-moistening" foliar fertilizer.

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