CN106613365B - Grafting method for accelerating early bearing and high yield of zanthoxylum schinifolium - Google Patents
Grafting method for accelerating early bearing and high yield of zanthoxylum schinifolium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grafting method for accelerating early bearing and high yield of zanthoxylum schinifolium, which comprises the following steps: (1) harvesting seeds; (2) sowing; (3) two-stage seedling transferring: when the seedling grows to 10cm, transplanting the seedling into a small nutrition cup with the length of 8cm multiplied by 8cm, when the seedling grows to 20cm high and is 0.2-0.3cm thick, selecting a good seedling, transplanting the good seedling into a large nutrition cup with the length of 15cm multiplied by 15cm, and when the seedling thickness in the large nutrition cup reaches more than 0.6cm, grafting; (4) collecting and storing scions; (5) grafting; (6) and (5) managing after grafting. According to the invention, each step is researched, so that a new rattan pepper grafting method is formed, the purpose of flowering and fruiting in two years is realized, the yield is also improved, and compared with seedlings, the yield is increased by 578%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pepper planting, and particularly relates to a grafting method for accelerating early bearing and high yield of rattan pepper.
Background
The Zanthoxylum schinifolium is a new variety of green Zanthoxylum bungeanum bred in recent years, belongs to Zanthoxylum armatum DC, and is called Zanthoxylum schinifolium because branches and leaves are scattered and extended like tendrils. The zanthoxylum piperitum is a tall shrub 3-5 m in height, has many thorns on stem and branch, high yield and high quality, and adopts seed propagation in production, also called seedling. The seedling has the characteristics of low cost, developed root system and large breeding amount, and has the defects of difficult maintenance of the excellent characteristics of the variety, slow production and more thorns. In recent years, due to the remarkable economic benefit of the zanthoxylum piperitum and the shortage of rural labor force, people urgently need a grafting method which can realize early production and early effect, has fewer relative thorns and reduces the harvesting strength.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a grafting method for accelerating early bearing and high yield of zanthoxylum schinifolium, which can effectively solve the problems of late fruit setting and low relative yield of zanthoxylum schinifolium.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a grafting method for accelerating early bearing and high yield of zanthoxylum schinifolium comprises the following steps:
(1) seed harvesting
Selecting the zanthoxylum micranthum which is more than 10 years old, strong in tree vigor, free of diseases and insect pests, high in yield and free of alternate bearing phenomenon as a seed collecting mother tree, and collecting seeds;
(2) seeding
Making a seedbed, scattering quick lime to the seedbed according to the amount of 50-60 kg/mu one month before sowing, applying fertilizer to the seedbed according to the amount of 500 kg/mu one week later, cleaning seeds with 0.1% sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution 1 day before sowing, then cleaning the seeds with clear water, drying the seeds, sowing 40-50kg per mu, covering soil with the thickness of 1-2cm after sowing, then irrigating, using 1000 kg water per mu and 1200kg water, finally covering the seeds with a small arched shed film with the height of 70-80cm, and uncovering the plastic film after the seedlings emerge;
(3) two-stage seedling transformation
When the seedling grows to 10cm, transplanting the seedling into a small nutrition cup with the length of 8cm multiplied by 8cm, when the seedling grows to 20cm high and is 0.2-0.3cm thick, selecting a good seedling, transplanting the good seedling into a large nutrition cup with the length of 15cm multiplied by 15cm, and when the seedling thickness in the large nutrition cup reaches more than 0.6cm, grafting;
(4) collection and preservation of scions
Collecting 1-year-old branches with plump buds and no diseases and insect pests on a vine pepper mother tree with the age of more than 8 years as scions, wherein the branches are 15cm in length, contain 4-5 buds, and have the base diameter of 0.3-0.4cm, then placing the scions on a wet towel, the stacking thickness of the scions is 5-8cm, and finally covering a layer of wet towel on the scions;
(5) grafting
Taking the two-section type transferred seedlings as stocks, cutting off the stocks at the positions 20-25cm away from the ground, and downwards cutting a smooth long inclined plane at the positions 10-12cm away from the ground, wherein the length of the smooth long inclined plane is 3-4 cm; cutting a smooth long bevel at the smooth position of the lower part of the scion, wherein the length of the smooth long bevel is 3-4cm, cutting a short bevel at the back of the scion, the length of the long bevel is 1cm, the rootstock and the scion both have micro xylem, then inserting the scion into the section of the rootstock, aligning cambiums of the rootstock and the scion, and binding the cambiums with a plastic band special for grafting;
(6) post-grafting management
Placing the grafted nutrition cup seedling into a small plastic arched shed, irrigating nutrient solution every 15 days after survival, removing branches and leaves germinated on the stock after grafting for 1 month, cutting the stock above the grafting opening when the scion sprouts to a new tip with the length of 30-32cm, then outplanting and transplanting to the field.
Further, the fertilizer in the step (2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 20-30 parts of corn straw, 20-30 parts of soybean straw, 3-5 parts of mixed microbial inoculum and 5-8 parts of water-retaining agent; the decomposed farmyard manure, the corn straws and the soybean straws are dry substances; the length of the corn straw and the soybean straw is 10-20 cm; the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide; preferably, the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 25 parts of corn straw, 25 parts of soybean straw, 4 parts of mixed microbial inoculum and 6 parts of water-retaining agent.
Further, the mixed microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-2 parts of actinomycetes, 1-2 parts of nitrobacteria and 3-5 parts of saprophytic bacteria; preferably, the mixed microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of actinomycetes, 2 parts of nitrobacteria and 4 parts of saprophytic bacteria.
Further, the fertilizer is prepared by the following method: respectively weighing decomposed farmyard manure, corn straws and soybean straws according to a formula, uniformly mixing, adding a mixed microbial inoculum, continuously mixing, fermenting for 20-25 days at the temperature of 30-40 ℃, turning over the fermentation product once every 3 days, drying the fermentation product after the fermentation is finished until the water content is 10-15%, crushing, and mixing with a water-retaining agent to obtain the fertilizer.
Further, the soil in the small nutrition cup and the large nutrition cup in the step (3) is also added with nutrients, and the nutrients are raw materials with the following weight in 1L of water: 8-12g of glucose, 2-3g of ammonium nitrate, 1-2g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5-1g of magnesium sulfate; when the fertilizer is added, the weight of the nutrients accounts for 3-4% of the weight of the soil; preferably, the nutrient is 1L of water containing the following raw materials by weight: 10g of glucose, 3g of ammonium nitrate, 1.5g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.8g of magnesium sulfate; when added, the weight of the nutrient accounts for 4% of the weight of the soil.
Further, in the step (6), the nutrient solution is 1L of water and contains the following components in parts by weight: 1-2g of glucose, 0.1-0.15g of potassium nitrate, 0.15-0.25g of ammonium phosphate, 2.5-3.2mg of ammonium molybdate, 0.05-0.07g of ferrous sulfate, 0.08-0.13g of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, 0.5-1g of magnesium sulfate, 62.8-3.2 mg of vitamin B and 2.8-3.2mg of vitamin C; preferably, the nutrient solution is 1L of water containing the following components by weight: 1g of glucose, 0.1g of potassium nitrate, 0.2g of ammonium phosphate, 3.0mg of ammonium molybdate, 0.05g of ferrous sulfate, 0.1g of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate, 63.0 mg of vitamin B and 3.0mg of vitamin C.
The grafting method for accelerating early bearing and high yield of zanthoxylum schinifolium provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in the nutrient solution provided by the invention, the vitamin B6 and the magnesium sulfate have a synergistic effect, so that the germination of new leaves is facilitated; the interaction of the disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, the vitamin C and the ferrous sulfate can increase the absorption and the maintenance of the rattan pepper to iron, thereby promoting the metabolism of plant substances and energy and further accelerating the growth of the rattan pepper.
(2) The soil for the growth of the seedlings is also added with nutrients, the nutrients consist of specific raw materials, and the nutrients can provide nutrients for the seedlings, promote the growth of the seedlings and do not cause harm to the soil.
(3) According to the invention, each step is researched, so that a set of novel rattan pepper grafting method is formed, the purpose of blooming and fruiting in two years is realized, the yield is also improved, and compared with seedlings, the yield is increased by 81%.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A grafting method for accelerating early bearing and high yield of zanthoxylum schinifolium comprises the following steps:
(1) seed harvesting
Selecting the zanthoxylum micranthum which is more than 10 years old, strong in tree vigor, free of diseases and insect pests, high in yield and free of alternate-year fruiting as a seed collecting mother tree, collecting seeds for 9 months, and airing in the shade without exposure;
(2) seeding
The method comprises the following steps of (1) making a seedbed in the beginning of 10 months, wherein the seedbed is 1m wide and 30m long, quicklime is sprayed to the seedbed in an amount of 50-60 kg/mu in one month before sowing, fertilizer is applied to the seedbed in an amount of 500 kg/mu in one week, seeds are cleaned with a sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution with the concentration of 0.1% 1 day before sowing (or cleaned with a washing powder solution), surface grease of the seeds is removed, then the seeds are cleaned with clear water, the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution is removed, the seeds are dried, 40kg is sowed in each mu, soil with the thickness of 1-2cm is covered after sowing is finished, then irrigation is carried out, the water consumption per mu is 1000 and 1200kg, finally, a small arch shed film is used for covering, the height of the arch shed is 70-80cm, a plastic film is uncovered after the seedlings emerge, and the seedlings are prevented from burning depending on the;
the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 20 parts of corn straw, 20 parts of soybean straw, 3 parts of mixed microbial inoculum and 5 parts of water-retaining agent; the mixed microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of actinomycetes, 1 part of nitrobacteria and 3 parts of saprophytic bacteria; the decomposed farmyard manure, the corn straws and the soybean straws are dry substances; the length of the corn straw and the soybean straw is 10-20 cm; the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide;
the fertilizer is prepared by the following method: respectively weighing decomposed farmyard manure, corn straws and soybean straws according to a formula, uniformly mixing, adding a mixed microbial inoculum, continuously and uniformly mixing, fermenting for 24 days at the temperature of 30 ℃, turning over a fermentation product every 3 days, drying the fermentation product after the fermentation is finished until the water content is 10%, crushing, and mixing with a water-retaining agent to obtain the fertilizer.
(3) Two-stage seedling transformation
When the seedling grows to 10cm, transferring the seedling into a small nutrition cup (8cm multiplied by 8cm), when the seedling grows to 20cm high and is 0.2-0.3cm thick, selecting a good seedling, transferring the good seedling into a large nutrition cup (15cm multiplied by 15cm), and when the seedling thickness in the large nutrition cup reaches more than 0.6cm (two-stage seedling transfer) in the 1 st month of the 2 nd year, grafting;
wherein, the soil in the small nutrition cup and the large nutrition cup is added with nutrients, and the nutrients are 8g of glucose, 2g of ammonium nitrate, 1g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5g of magnesium sulfate dissolved in 1L of water; the nutrient is evenly mixed into the soil, and the dosage of the nutrient is 3 percent (weight percentage) of the soil.
(4) Collection and preservation of scions
Collecting 1-year-old branches with plump buds and no diseases and insect pests on a vine pepper mother tree with the age of more than 8 years as scions, wherein the branches are 15cm in length, contain 4-5 buds, and have the base diameter of 0.3-0.4 cm.
Collecting in 1 month, placing the scion on a wet towel, wherein the stacking thickness of the scion is 5-8cm, and covering a layer of wet towel on the scion, and spraying water to keep the scion wet.
(5) Grafting
Grafting time: 1 ten days late to 2 ten days late;
the grafting method comprises the following steps: before grafting, sufficiently watering the two-section type seedling (stock), cutting off the stock at a position 20cm away from the ground, and downwards cutting a smooth long inclined plane at a position 10cm away from the ground, wherein the length of the inclined plane is 3-4 cm; cutting a smooth long bevel at the smooth position of the lower part of the scion, wherein the length of the smooth long bevel is 3-4cm, cutting a short bevel at the back of the scion, the length of the long bevel is 1cm, the rootstock and the scion have micro xylem, then inserting the scion into the section of the rootstock, aligning cambiums of the rootstock and the scion, and binding the cambiums by using a plastic band special for grafting.
(6) Post-grafting management
① whether it needs secondary cutting of stock
Placing the grafted nutrition cup seedlings into a small plastic arched shed, irrigating the nutrition solution once every 15 days after the seedlings survive, completely irrigating soil in the nutrition cup of the survival seedlings each time, weeding in the middle, spraying water to keep the moisture of the seedlings sufficient, and the like; after grafting for 1 month, removing the branches and leaves germinated on the rootstock; when the scion sprouts to be new and the length of the new tip is 30cm, the stock above the grafting opening is cut off, the arched shed is removed 20 days before outplanting after 3-4 months of early nursery, and the scion is transplanted into the field for cultivation after outplanting.
Wherein the nutrient solution is 1L of water containing the following components by weight: 1g of glucose, 0.1g of potassium nitrate, 0.15g of ammonium phosphate, 2.5mg of ammonium molybdate, 0.05g of ferrous sulfate, 0.08g of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate, 62.8 mg of vitamin B and 2.8mg of vitamin C.
Example 2
Example 2 differs from example 1 in that:
1. in the step (2), the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 30 parts of corn straw, 30 parts of soybean straw, 5 parts of mixed microbial inoculum and 8 parts of water-retaining agent; the mixed microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of actinomycetes, 2 parts of nitrobacteria and 5 parts of saprophytic bacteria;
the fertilizer is prepared by the following method: respectively weighing decomposed farmyard manure, corn straws and soybean straws according to a formula, uniformly mixing, adding a mixed microbial inoculum, continuously and uniformly mixing, fermenting for 21 days at 40 ℃, turning over a fermentation product every 3 days, drying the fermentation product after the fermentation is finished until the water content is 15%, crushing, and mixing with a water-retaining agent to obtain the fertilizer.
2. In the step (3), the nutrients are 1L of water containing the following raw materials by weight: 12g of glucose, 3g of ammonium nitrate, 2g of monopotassium phosphate and 1g of magnesium sulfate; when added, the weight of the nutrient accounts for 4% of the weight of the soil.
3. In the step (6), the nutrient solution is 1L of water containing the following components by weight: 2g of glucose, 0.15g of potassium nitrate, 0.25g of ammonium phosphate, 3.2mg of ammonium molybdate, 0.07g of ferrous sulfate, 0.13g of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, 1g of magnesium sulfate, 63.2mg of vitamin B and 3.2mg of vitamin C.
Example 3
Example 3 differs from example 1 in that:
1. in the step (2), the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 25 parts of corn straw, 25 parts of soybean straw, 4 parts of mixed microbial inoculum and 6 parts of water-retaining agent; the mixed microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of actinomycetes, 2 parts of nitrobacteria and 4 parts of saprophytic bacteria.
The fertilizer is prepared by the following method: respectively weighing decomposed farmyard manure, corn straws and soybean straws according to a formula, uniformly mixing, adding a mixed microbial inoculum, continuously and uniformly mixing, fermenting for 21 days at 36 ℃, turning over a fermentation product every 3 days, drying the fermentation product after the fermentation is finished until the water content is 12%, crushing, and mixing with a water-retaining agent to obtain the fertilizer.
2. In the step (3), the nutrients are 1L of water containing the following raw materials by weight: 10g of glucose, 3g of ammonium nitrate, 1.5g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.8g of magnesium sulfate; when added, the weight of the nutrient accounts for 4% of the weight of the soil.
3. In the step (6), the nutrient solution is 1L of water containing the following components by weight: 1g of glucose, 0.1g of potassium nitrate, 0.2g of ammonium phosphate, 3.0mg of ammonium molybdate, 0.05g of ferrous sulfate, 0.1g of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate, 63.0 mg of vitamin B and 3.0mg of vitamin C.
Examples of the experiments
The following experimental examples all use example 3 as experimental group:
1. before grafting, index measurement is carried out on the two-stage type seedlings, the seedlings which are not subjected to the 2 nd-time seedling transfer are called one-stage type seedlings, namely the seedlings grow in a small cup (can be used as a control group of the two-stage type seedlings), the one-stage type seedlings and the two-stage type seedlings are simultaneously measured, the influence of the one-stage type seedlings and the two-stage type seedlings on the seedling growth is observed, and the measurement result is shown in a table 1;
TABLE 1 Effect of one-stage and two-stage seedling transfer on seedling growth
| Index (I) | Two-section rotary seedling (big cup) | One-section rotary seedling (Small cup) |
| Ground diameter (cm) | 0.6-0.8 | 0.4-0.5 |
| Miao height (cm) | 40-50 | 30-40 |
| Root system | Spread and grow in the nutrition cup | The root system extends out of the hole of the wall of the nutrition cup |
| Degree of grafting convenience | Convenient grafting operation | The operation of grafting is difficult |
| Late stage of grafted seedling | Grafted seedlings grow well | The grafted seedling has heavy head and light foot |
As can be seen from Table 1, the single stage seedlings were not as good as the two stage seedlings in terms of height, ground diameter and root system index. One-stage seedling transfer is small due to the fact that the nutrition cup is small, the root system grows out of the small hole in the cup wall, withers when the seedling leaves a nursery, transplanting survival rate is reduced, meanwhile, one-stage seedling transfer is small due to the fact that the nutrition cup is small, plant spacing is small, grafting operation is not convenient, especially later-stage growth of a grafted seedling is achieved, the size is large, the one-stage seedling transfer is light in weight and unstable, and transplanting survival is not facilitated.
The selected strong one-stage seedling is transferred to a big nutrition cup for cultivation, so that the stock quality is excellent and the stock growth is consistent during grafting, the grafting survival rate is improved and reaches 100%, while the one-stage seedling growth has certain difference, and the grafting survival rate is only 80%.
2. Selection of the number of shoots on the scion during grafting
Experimental groups: the scion contains 3-4 buds;
control group: the scion only contains a single bud;
the single bud can only form one branch, and the crown can not be formed in the current year. When the scion contains 3-4 buds, each bud quickly germinates to grow into branches, and crowns of 3-4 main branches can be formed in autumn in the year, so that the yield of the rattan pepper is increased.
3. Post-grafting management
① whether it needs secondary cutting of stock
When the scion sprouts to be new and the length of the new tip is 30cm, the stock above the grafting opening is cut off, and the arched shed is removed 20 days before the scion leaves the nursery after 3-4 months of the initial nursery.
Control group: the stock above the grafting opening is not removed, and the rest operations are the same as the above.
When the scion grows new, the scion is easily influenced by field operation or wind blowing and the like to cause new tip breakage, and experiments show that the breakage rate of a control group is 10-15%, the final outplanting rate is reduced, and the yield and the quality of the scion are influenced.
② influence of shed protection and bottom exposure on grafting survival rate
After being grafted, the nutrition cup seedlings are respectively placed in a plastic arched shed and an open field, and the survival rate of the seedlings is compared after the seedlings germinate and sprout, and research results show that the open field is suddenly cooled in winter, the grafting openings are difficult to heal, the scions are frozen and are frozen to death seriously, the death rate reaches 80 percent, the grafted seedlings in the arched shed are not influenced by external low temperature, and the survival rate reaches more than 85 percent, so that the important link of the survival rate of the rattan peppers is influenced when the plastic arched shed is adopted for heat preservation during grafting.
4. Growth comparison of grafted seedlings and seedlings after planting
Respectively grafting the nutrition cup seedlings out of the nursery and transplanting the seedlings into a field, transplanting the seedlings which are not grafted and grown into the field (the seedlings are not added with nutrients in the nutrition cup in the two-stage seedling transferring process, and nutrient solution is not irrigated in the management process before transplanting into the field) into the field, wherein the density is 100 plants/mu, 2 mu are planted, the management such as later fertilization, weeding, disease and pest control and the like are the same, the crown width of the seedlings is recorded in autumn in the same year, the flowering and fruiting conditions are recorded in 3 months and 7 months in the next year, and the results are shown in a table 2:
TABLE 2 growth after transplanting of grafted seedlings and seedlings
As can be seen from Table 2, under the same management conditions, the seedlings cannot form effective tree crowns in the current year, the number of flowers in the next year is small, the flower quantity is also small, the average single plant yield is 0.4kg, the average yield per mu is 16.8kg, and the economic yield cannot be formed; 3-4 main branches can be formed in autumn of the grafted seedling in the current year, the crown width reaches 1-1.3m, the flowering rate in the next year reaches more than 95%, the average single plant yield is 1.2kg, the average yield per mu is 114kg, the yield is increased by 97.2 kg/mu compared with that of a seedling, the yield is increased by 578%, and the purpose of flowering and fruiting in two years is realized.
Claims (5)
1. A grafting method for accelerating early bearing and high yield of zanthoxylum schinifolium is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed harvesting
Selecting the zanthoxylum micranthum which is more than 10 years old, strong in tree vigor, free of diseases and insect pests, high in yield and free of alternate bearing phenomenon as a seed collecting mother tree, and collecting seeds;
(2) seeding
Making a seedbed, scattering quick lime to the seedbed according to the amount of 50-60 kg/mu one month before sowing, applying fertilizer to the seedbed according to the amount of 500 kg/mu one week later, cleaning seeds with 0.1% sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution 1 day before sowing, then cleaning the seeds with clear water, drying the seeds, sowing 40-50kg per mu, covering soil with the thickness of 1-2cm after sowing, then irrigating, using 1000 kg water per mu and 1200kg water, finally covering the seeds with a small arched shed film with the height of 70-80cm, and uncovering the plastic film after the seedlings emerge;
the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 20-30 parts of corn straw, 20-30 parts of soybean straw, 3-5 parts of mixed microbial inoculum and 5-8 parts of water-retaining agent; the decomposed farmyard manure, the corn straws and the soybean straws are dry substances; the length of the corn straw and the soybean straw is 10-20 cm; the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide; the mixed microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-2 parts of actinomycetes, 1-2 parts of nitrobacteria and 3-5 parts of saprophytic bacteria;
the fertilizer is prepared by the following method: respectively weighing decomposed farmyard manure, corn straws and soybean straws according to a formula, uniformly mixing, adding a mixed microbial inoculum, continuously and uniformly mixing, fermenting for 20-25 days at the temperature of 30-40 ℃, turning over the fermented product every 3 days, drying the fermented product after the fermentation is finished until the water content is 10-15%, crushing, and mixing with a water-retaining agent to obtain the fertilizer;
(3) two-stage seedling transformation
When the seedling grows to 10cm, transplanting the seedling into a small nutrition cup with the length of 8cm multiplied by 8cm, when the seedling grows to 20cm high and is 0.2-0.3cm thick, selecting a good seedling, transplanting the good seedling into a large nutrition cup with the length of 15cm multiplied by 15cm, and when the seedling thickness in the large nutrition cup reaches more than 0.6cm, grafting;
wherein, the soil in the small nutrition cup and the large nutrition cup is also added with nutrients, and the nutrients are the following raw materials in 1L of water by weight: 8-12g of glucose, 2-3g of ammonium nitrate, 1-2g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5-1g of magnesium sulfate; when the fertilizer is added, the weight of the nutrients accounts for 3-4% of the weight of the soil;
(4) collection and preservation of scions
Collecting 1-year-old branches with plump buds and no diseases and insect pests on a vine pepper mother tree with the age of more than 8 years as scions, wherein the branches are 15cm in length, contain 4-5 buds, and have the base diameter of 0.3-0.4cm, then placing the scions on a wet towel, the stacking thickness of the scions is 5-8cm, and finally covering a layer of wet towel on the scions;
(5) grafting
Taking the two-section type transferred seedlings as stocks, cutting off the stocks at the positions 20-25cm away from the ground, and downwards cutting a smooth long inclined plane at the positions 10-12cm away from the ground, wherein the length of the smooth long inclined plane is 3-4 cm; cutting a smooth long bevel at the smooth position of the lower part of the scion, wherein the length of the smooth long bevel is 3-4cm, cutting a short bevel at the back of the scion, the length of the long bevel is 1cm, the rootstock and the scion both have micro xylem, then inserting the scion into the section of the rootstock, aligning cambiums of the rootstock and the scion, and binding the cambiums with a plastic band special for grafting;
(6) post-grafting management
Placing the grafted nutrition cup seedling into a small plastic arched shed, irrigating nutrient solution every 15 days after survival, removing branches and leaves germinated on the stock after grafting for 1 month, cutting the stock above a grafting port when the scion sprouts to a new tip with the length of 30-32cm, then outplanting and transplanting to the field;
the nutrient solution is 1L of water and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-2g of glucose, 0.1-0.15g of potassium nitrate, 0.15-0.25g of ammonium phosphate, 2.5-3.2mg of ammonium molybdate, 0.05-0.07g of ferrous sulfate, 0.08-0.13g of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, 0.5-1g of magnesium sulfate, 62.8-3.2 mg of vitamin B and 2.8-3.2mg of vitamin C.
2. The grafting method for accelerating early bearing and high yield of zanthoxylum schinifolium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 25 parts of corn straw, 25 parts of soybean straw, 4 parts of mixed microbial inoculum and 6 parts of water-retaining agent.
3. The grafting method for accelerating early bearing and high yield of zanthoxylum schinifolium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of actinomycetes, 2 parts of nitrobacteria and 4 parts of saprophytic bacteria.
4. The grafting method for accelerating early bearing and high yield of zanthoxylum schinifolium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient is 1L of water containing the following raw materials by weight: 10g of glucose, 3g of ammonium nitrate, 1.5g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.8g of magnesium sulfate; when added, the weight of the nutrient accounts for 4% of the weight of the soil.
5. The grafting method for accelerating early bearing and high yield of zanthoxylum schinifolium as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the nutrient solution is 1L of water containing the following components by weight: 1g of glucose, 0.1g of potassium nitrate, 0.2g of ammonium phosphate, 3.0mg of ammonium molybdate, 0.05g of ferrous sulfate, 0.1g of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate, 63.0 mg of vitamin B and 3.0mg of vitamin C.
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