CN108260487A - A kind of interior white potato seedling seeding cultivating method - Google Patents
A kind of interior white potato seedling seeding cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108260487A CN108260487A CN201810074413.2A CN201810074413A CN108260487A CN 108260487 A CN108260487 A CN 108260487A CN 201810074413 A CN201810074413 A CN 201810074413A CN 108260487 A CN108260487 A CN 108260487A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of indoor white potato seedling seeding cultivating method, including：（1）The seed that grows directly from seeds of suspend mode is put into culture dish and carries out vernalization, program request nursery is carried out in seedlings nursing plate when cusp length is 1~3mm；（2）Treat that seedling grows to 3~4 true leaves, by transplantation of seedlings to greenhouse movable seedbed of growing directly from seeds be equipped with prepare fertilizer the nutritive cube of Nutrition Soil in, single plant unicast；（3）After transplanting, the growth of seedling is taken care of according to a conventional method, until seedling normal mature, pours out Nutrition Soil and harvest the potato that grows directly from seeds.The present invention first carries out the grow directly from seeds program request of seed seedlings nursing plate, nursery, rear to carry out seedling nutritive cube transplanting, and the shoot survival percent that grows directly from seeds is effectively ensured in seedling single plant unicast, independent growths；Single plant unicast is convenient for artificial control seedling Population, and character is recorded, field statistics and data analysis are more accurate；Seedling produces the potato that grows directly from seeds directly in nutritive cube, reduces transplanting recruitment, facilitates harvest；It is liftoff simultaneously to cultivate the influence for avoiding crop field soil-borne disease.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Potato Breeding field more particularly to a kind of indoor white potato seedling seeding cultivating methods.
Background technology
The seed that grows directly from seeds cultivation is the only way which must be passed that seedling is Potato Breeding, is sexual reproductive phase, and seedling generation starts
It makes a variation.In seedling group, the characteristic trait of biparent cross offspring is rich and varied, and variation character can pass through stem tuber
Vegetative propagation, which is fixed up, to be handed down from age to age, and the probability that a certain hybrid generation becomes improved seeds in combining only has a ten thousandth very
To ten a ten thousandths, this is big with regard to objective requirement hybrid generation group, and the seedling group of only sufficient amount just can therefrom select
Select out excellent offspring individuals.It is influenced however, as various external conditions, potato conventional breeding Cross fertile rate is very low how
It is the key that Potato Breeding correctly to cultivate seedling.
Traditional seedling breeding method is carried out in big Tanaka, need to pass through seed soaking, sowing, transplanting, ridging, single plant harvest etc.
Several important links, operating process is cumbersome, and heavy workload is taken a lot of work, and is affected by the external environment big, easily hinders root in transplanting link,
Survival rate is low, and breeding gene type loses and influences breeding results.
Invention content
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of indoor white potato seedling seeding cultivating method, to solve before
The difficulty that seedling group survival rate is low, breeding results is caused to reduce provides abundant for potato offspring vegetative propagation seed selection
Grow directly from seeds potato group, Potato Breeding process can be accelerated, improve Potato Breeding efficiency.
To solve the above problems, a kind of indoor white potato seedling seeding cultivating method of the present invention, including：
（1）The seed that grows directly from seeds of suspend mode is put into culture dish and carries out vernalization, is carried out in seedlings nursing plate when bud point length is 1~3mm
Program request nursery；
（2）It treats that seedling grows to 3~4 true leaves, the Nutrition Soil of fertilizer is prepared by being equipped in transplantation of seedlings to greenhouse movable seedbed of growing directly from seeds
Nutritive cube in, single plant unicast；
（3）After transplanting, the growth of seedling is taken care of according to a conventional method, until seedling normal mature, pours out Nutrition Soil receipts
Obtain the potato that grows directly from seeds.
Preferably, in step（1）Middle that the seed that grows directly from seeds is placed on the blotting paper in culture dish, each culture dish puts 150~200
Grain grows directly from seeds seed, adds appropriate 25~35 DEG C of warm water, and culture dish capping moisturizing places 12~24 hours, every 3 hours, uses sprayer
Mend 1 moisture.
Preferably, in step（1）It is middle to use plastics cave formula seedlings nursing plate, the Nutrition Soil for preparing fertilizer is placed in cave, per cave point
Broadcast a seed；Rear light earthing is finished, is placed in greenhouse earth's surface, is watered with sprayer, a water was poured every 2 days, is kept
Ground moistening, indoor temperature is between 25~30 DEG C, humidity is between 70~80%.
Preferably, the Nutrition Soil with fertilizer by the grain size being sieved not is 1~2mm Huangs cotton soil, decomposed good passing-screen size is 3
~5mm cow dungs, 1~3mm vermiculites, sieving grain size for 2~5mm clinkers press 2~3:1~2.5:1~2.5:0.25~1.5 ratio
Example, which is uniformly mixed, to be made.
Preferably, the Nutrition Soil for preparing fertilizer is by every 1m310~15kg potato specific complex is added in Nutrition Soil
Fertilizer, 500~700g phoxims and 400~600g Bravos are made.
Preferably, in entire cultivating process, the biological characteristics of seedling are observed and recorded and/or to growing directly from seeds
The cross combination type of seedling carries out listed differentiation.
Preferably, in step（3）Between middle seedling direct planting year, 0.25g/L paclobutrazol solutions are sprayed, to inhibit overground part empty
It is long.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：
1st, compared with the prior art in will directly grow directly from seeds seed program request in nutritive cube, it is easy to there is multiple spot and few point or do not have
Situations such as situations such as in program request, thus be easy to cause and is short of seedling, an alms bowl more seedlings, so as to increase it is subsequent fill the gaps with seedlings and be divided into seedlings work,
Increase workload.The present invention first carries out the grow directly from seeds program request of seed seedlings nursing plate, nursery, rear to carry out seedling nutritive cube transplanting, can be effective
Ensure the shoot survival percent that grows directly from seeds；And using seedlings nursing plate it is easy to operate, cavities quantity is certain, it is easy to observe whether program request into
Work(can improve the shoot survival percent that grows directly from seeds.
2nd, separation plantation is carried out in the present invention to various combination, growing way observation comparison is apparent, and seedling is carried out single
Strain unicast, independent growths, survival rate is high, and convenient for artificial control seedling Population, each character is recorded, field statistics and
Data analysis is more accurate, and excellent combination selection evaluation is more intuitive.
3rd, seedling is transplanted to the nutritive cube on greenhouse movable seedbed Nei and is directly produced in nutritive cube in the present invention
Grow directly from seeds potato, and operational administrative is easy, manual control growth environment, and improves greenhouse space utilization rate, saves production of seed stock and uses
Ground facilitates harvest；Liftoff cultivation simultaneously, root system is not in contact with the ground, avoids the influence of crop field soil-borne disease, and plant growing way is prosperous
It contains, survival rate is also further enhanced.
4th, breeding time can be appropriately extended in seedling under the conditions of labor management, can by close to the plant of normal mature phase into
Row harvest, and eliminate morbidity and do not tie the plant of potato.
5th, the preferred embodiment of the present invention and crop field breeding method are compared, and comparing result is as shown in the table：
As seen from the above table, crop field breeding method is compared, the use of the preferred embodiment of the present invention significantly improves the seed emergence rate that grows directly from seeds
With the shoot survival percent that grows directly from seeds, the difficulty that hybrid seedling group survival rate is low, breeding results is caused to reduce is efficiently solved before.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention preferably provides a kind of indoor white potato seedling seeding cultivating method, and horse is cultivated suitable for greenhouse
Bell potato, to seedling'sBiological characteristics（Such as plant height, plant type, stem number, cauline leaf color, leaf, pattern etc.）Carry out observation note
Record, convenient for grasping growth characteristic；Furthermore it is also possible to listed differentiation is carried out to the cross combination type of seedling, convenient for kind
Management and differentiation, it is more intuitive to the selection evaluation of excellent combination.Breeding method includes step in detail below：
（1）The seed that grows directly from seeds of suspend mode is put into culture dish and carries out vernalization, is carried out in seedlings nursing plate when bud point length is 1~3mm
Program request nursery.
Specifically, hybridization berry can be first collected, and berry is collected by cross combination, is packed into mesh bag, is hung tag board, put
In room-dry 3~4 days, promote after-ripening.Then obtain and preserve the seed that grows directly from seeds：When the berry of collection bleaches, softens and savory
When, after being cleaned up with clear water, it is placed in 35~40 DEG C of warm water and impregnates 0.5~1 hour by assembled classification；With hand by berry with strength
Rubbing, the seed that grows directly from seeds of the inside is fully squeezed out, outwells pericarp residue, the seed that grows directly from seeds to sink under water is constantly repeated to rinse, finally
The seed that totally grows directly from seeds is poured into the funnel with filter paper being ready for, drained away the water, the filter paper for being stained with the seed that grows directly from seeds is placed in logical
It is dried at wind, moisture is made fully to evaporate, indoor preservation.
Grow directly from seeds seed vernalization：The seed that grows directly from seeds after above-mentioned suspend mode is taken, on the blotting paper being individually placed in culture dish by combination, each
Culture dish puts 150~200 seeds that grow directly from seeds, and adds appropriate 25~35 DEG C of warm water, culture dish capping moisturizing, places 12~24 hours, often
Every 3 hours, 1 moisture is mended with sprayer（25~35 DEG C of warm water）, in order to avoid filter paper moisture evaporation is complete, percentage of seedgermination is influenced, is treated
It is sowed when showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, bud point length is that 1~3mm is between Best Point sowing time.Compared with the prior art it is middle to carry out the seed that grows directly from seeds using gibberellin
Vernalization, the present invention are only handled with 25~35 DEG C of warm water, and germination percentage reaches 100%, save cost, with obvious effects.
Seeding and seedling raising：Late March button canopy film, with 2~3g/m2Sulphur adds sawdust to fumigate 3~5d, to eliminate greenhouse germ.
It is placed using plastics cave formula seedlings nursing plate, in cave and prepares the Nutrition Soil of fertilizer, per one seed of cave program request, when program request is existed with small wood
A diameter of 1.2~1.6cm is stabbed out in each cave, depth is 2.5~3cm duck eyes, and a seed is broadcast with toothpick per cave；It is light after finishing
Earthing plugs combination number board, is placed in greenhouse earth's surface, is watered with watering can, is poured every 2 days primary permeable, and the moment pays attention to
Temperature and humidity changes, and keeps ground moistening, indoor temperature is between 25~30 DEG C, humidity is advisable between 70~80%.
（2）It treats that seedling grows to 3~4 true leaves, the battalion of fertilizer is prepared by being equipped in transplantation of seedlings to greenhouse movable seedbed of growing directly from seeds
In the nutritive cube for supporting soil, single plant unicast.
Wherein, not the Nutrition Soil with fertilizer by the grain size being sieved be 1~2mm Huangs cotton soil, decomposed good passing-screen size be 3~
5mm cow dungs, 1~3mm vermiculites, sieving grain size for 2~5mm clinkers press 2~3:1~2.5:1~2.5:0.25~1.5 ratio
It is uniformly mixed and is made, such as 2:1:1:0.25, nutrition supply is balanced, and at low cost, it is strong that seedling resists poor environment ability.So
Afterwards, per 1m310~15kg compound fertilizer specially used for potato is added in Nutrition Soil（Total nutrient>45%, N-P2O5-K2O:15-15-15）、
500~700g phoxims（Active ingredient 3%, granule）With 400~600g Bravos（Active ingredient 70%, wettable powder）System
The Nutrition Soil of fertilizer must be prepared, such as per 1m3Nutrition Soil adds in 15kg compound fertilizer specially used for potato, 700g phoxims and 600g hundred
Bacterium is clear.
Seedling nutritive cube is colonized, and using the moving nursery bed of greenhouse as nursery place, seedbed is checked before placing nutritive cube
Whether consolidate, seedbed is spread 1~2 layer of plastic greenhouse film, prevented from oozing under moisture and cause iron sheet using removable trough design, seedbed bottom
It gets rusty.
Specifically, 2/3 Nutrition Soil is packed into each nutritive cube；The seedling of seedlings nursing plate is carefully taken out with bamboo chip, is moved
It plants equipped with Nutrition Soil diameter and depth has been configured as in the nutritive cube of 18cm × 18cm specifications, each seedbed places 580~600
A nutritive cube, nutritive cube put it is compact, prevent watering fall.Sprinkling watering immediately after transplanting, until soil contains in nutritive cube
Until water saturation.
（3）After transplanting, the growth of seedling is taken care of according to a conventional method, until seedling normal mature, pours out nutrition
Soil harvests the potato that grows directly from seeds.
Specifically, greenhouse is covered with sunshade net, when weather condition is preferable, morning 10：30 pull-up sunshade nets, and in time
Open ventilation opening, afternoon 5：00 puts down sunshade net, closes ventilation opening, and temperature control is at 15~20 DEG C, normal management.On May
Ten days, outside air temperature reach 15~18 DEG C or so, remove canopy film, detain fly net.In early June to mid-June, 1 time is carried out manually
Ridging, weeding.
Seedling spray plant growth regulator inhibits excessive growth.Between seedling direct planting year, in late August, seedling growth
Later stage easily lodges, and influences leaf photosynthesis, is easy to cause disease spread, sprays 0.25g/L paclobutrazol solutions, inhibits overground part apprentice
It is long, underground part stem tuber is made quickly to increase.
The potato that grows directly from seeds harvests.Late September to mid-October, seedling overground part is withered and yellow, stops watering, treats the matrix of nutritive cube
After dry, Nutrition Soil is poured out, harvests the potato that grows directly from seeds.In fact, breeding time can be appropriately extended in seedling under optimum conditions, can incite somebody to action
Close to the normal mature phase, the good material of Comprehensive Traits is harvested, and eliminates virus infection, the plant that stem tuber rots seriously and degenerates
Strain, ensures that asexual generation has abundant Variants material to be identified.
In addition, during above-mentioned potato harvest of growing directly from seeds, every 1 nutritive cube harvests 3 realities that potato shape is good, head is big, disease-free
Raw potato, so that the later stage carries out adaptability and yielding ability evaluation, the potato dress that grows directly from seeds of same combination in different ecological type region
In a mesh bag, label is hung up properly, sunny place is placed on and is dried, freezer preserves.
It should be noted that seed vernalization of growing directly from seeds disclosed above, seeding and seedling raising, seedling nutritive cube are colonized and grown directly from seeds
Operation which section time in 1 year such as potato harvest is implemented, and there is special instruction except above-mentioned, those skilled in the art are according to normal
Potato planting experience is advised to perform.
Technical solution provided by the present invention is described in detail above.Specific case used herein is to this hair
Bright principle and embodiment is expounded, the explanation of above example is only intended to help understand the present invention method and its
Core concept.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, in the premise for not departing from the principle of the invention
Under, can also to the present invention some improvement and modification can also be carried out, these improvement and modification also fall into the protection of the claims in the present invention
In the range of.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of interior white potato seedling seeding cultivating method, which is characterized in that including：
（1）The seed that grows directly from seeds of suspend mode is put into culture dish and carries out vernalization, is carried out in seedlings nursing plate when bud point length is 1~3mm
Program request nursery；
（2）It treats that seedling grows to 3~4 true leaves, the Nutrition Soil of fertilizer is prepared by being equipped in transplantation of seedlings to greenhouse movable seedbed of growing directly from seeds
Nutritive cube in, single plant unicast；
（3）After transplanting, the growth of seedling is taken care of according to a conventional method, until seedling normal mature, pours out Nutrition Soil receipts
Obtain the potato that grows directly from seeds.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step（1）The middle water suction being placed on the seed that grows directly from seeds in culture dish
On paper, each culture dish puts 150~200 seeds that grow directly from seeds, and adds appropriate 25~35 DEG C of warm water, culture dish capping moisturizing, place 12~
24 hours, every 3 hours, 1 moisture is mended with sprayer.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step（1）It is middle to use plastics cave formula seedlings nursing plate, it is placed in cave
The Nutrition Soil of fertilizer is prepared, per one seed of cave program request；Rear light earthing is finished, is placed in greenhouse earth's surface, is poured with sprayer
Water poured a water every 2 days, kept ground moistening, indoor temperature is between 25~30 DEG C, humidity is between 70~80%.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the Nutrition Soil with fertilizer is not yellow for 1~2mm by the grain size being sieved
Cotton soil, decomposed good passing-screen size be 3~5mm cow dungs, 1~3mm vermiculites, sieving grain size be 2~5mm clinkers by 2~3:1~
2.5:1~2.5:0.25~1.5 ratio is uniformly mixed obtained.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the Nutrition Soil for preparing fertilizer is by every 1m3It is added in Nutrition Soil
10~15kg compound fertilizer specially used for potato, 500~700g phoxims and 400~600g Bravos are made.
6. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in entire cultivating process, to the biological characteristics of seedling
It is observed and recorded and/or listed differentiation is carried out to the cross combination type of seedling.
7. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step（3）Between middle seedling direct planting year, 0.25g/L is sprayed
Paclobutrazol solution, to inhibit overground part excessive growth.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN108990740A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-14 | 徐德邡 | southern potato breeding method |
| CN113170715A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-07-27 | 乌兰察布市农牧业科学研究院 | Soil for culturing potato seedlings and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116406597A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-07-11 | 龙岩市农业科学研究所 | Early-generation screening method for potato seedlings |
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Cited By (3)
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Application publication date: 20180710 |