CN108464205B - Spring corn direct sowing late rice double cropping planting method - Google Patents
Spring corn direct sowing late rice double cropping planting method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spring corn direct sowing late rice two-cropping planting method which mainly comprises 4 technical links of a previous spring corn matched planting measure, an late rice direct sowing measure, a corn and late rice symbiotic period management measure, a corn harvest late rice matched management measure and the like. According to the method, the row spacing of the spring corn is adjusted, the late rice is directly sown among rows before harvesting the corn, so that the investment of a late rice seedling raising field, a seedling raising disc, a seedling raising matrix and the like is saved, the manual or mechanical cost of late rice seedling field management, transplanting and the like is also saved, the advantages of water saving, labor saving and cost saving are achieved, and the corn-late rice planting benefit is greatly improved; meanwhile, the late rice is directly sown in a sleeving manner, so that the agricultural consumption period and the seedling revival period are avoided, the adaptability of varieties and the region range of double-cropping and suitable planting of the corn-late rice in one year are improved, and the high yield and the stable yield of the corn-late rice mode are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for planting spring corn in a direct sowing mode and late rice in two cropping mode in one year, and belongs to the field of crop planting.
Technical Field
The rice field planting system in the Yangtze river is continuously changed and adjusted under the influence of social and economic conditions, market, climate change and other factors. Since the 21 st century, the labor intensity of double cropping rice production is high due to the reduction of grain planting benefits, the labor employment and opportunity cost are increased along with the rural labor transfer, the phenomenon that double cropping rice is changed into single cropping rice is more and more common, the sowing area is obviously reduced, the light and temperature resource waste is serious, and the land production efficiency is reduced. Due to the restriction of market price and production cost, the rape planting benefit is low, the planting area is continuously reduced, and the planting range of the traditional rice-oil multiple planting mode is continuously compressed. The rice field planting system in the new period faces new problems and challenges, and a new planting mode and a matching technology thereof are urgently needed to promote the reasonable adjustment of the planting system in the region. The middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river are important food production bases and animal husbandry breeding bases in China, the feed mainly comes from corn, and the annual gap of the corn is 50-60%. In recent 3 years, the corn demand in Hubei province has been increased at a rate of 120 ten thousand tons per year, and the total demand reaches 750 ten thousand tons in 2014. Due to market demand pulling, the corn planting benefit is high, the corn planting area in Hubei province is increased by nearly 45% since 2005, the total yield is increased by nearly 50%, the corn area reaches 920 ten thousand mu in 2014, and the total yield reaches 294.4 ten thousand tons. Corn production has also been diffused fast by mountain regions to hilly fields and plains, especially in the rice paddy, and corn planting is mostly peasant spontaneous behavior, lacks traditional planting experience, and the cultivation technique is not in place, leads to the maize low yield inefficiency, and the while blindly occupies the paddy field, has influenced rice production. Therefore, a new rice field planting mode is required to be searched, corn-rice crop rotation multiple cropping is carried out, the corn production level is improved, rice production is guaranteed, the corn and rice double high yield in the year is realized, the year planting benefit is improved, the contradiction between grain and feed grain is coordinated, and the sustainable and efficient development of agriculture is promoted.
The annual multiple cropping of corn and rice is a paddy-upland rotation planting mode for realizing the cooperative production of rice and corn, but compared with the planting modes of wheat, rice, double cropping rice and rape, the planting mode of corn and rice with double cropping in one year is relatively lagged in research, and the research reports are few. CN 105724012A discloses a paddy-upland rotation method for spring corn no-tillage multiple cropping late rice, which comprises the steps of sowing and raising seedlings of late rice, and transplanting the late rice into a field after harvesting corns, thereby realizing paddy-upland rotation of spring corn and late rice for two harvests in one year. However, the mode has some defects that firstly, seedling raising and transplanting of late rice have high labor cost, a seedling bed needs to consume land cost, and with the transfer of rural labor force, the agricultural labor cost is higher than the input cost of crop production at present, so that a simple technology is urgently needed to further optimize a corn-late rice two-cropping planting mode; and secondly, a period of agricultural consumption is provided after the corn is harvested and before the rice is transplanted, a period of seedling revival is provided after the rice is transplanted, and the risk of safe maturation of the late rice in a corn-late rice mode is increased for the region with insufficient heat resources. Therefore, the corn-late rice stubble-grafting technology needs to be further optimized, the agricultural consumption period and the seedling revival period are shortened, the adaptability of the variety to the mode is improved, and the suitable region range of the corn-late rice mode is expanded.
Based on the problem to be solved urgently in the current production, the invention provides a novel method for planting spring corn and direct sowing late rice in a sleeved mode, which is characterized in that the method is used for realizing the direct sowing of the late rice in the sleeved mode among corn lines by adjusting a corn planting mode and matching reasonable water and fertilizer management, the traditional late rice seedling raising transplantation is replaced by the mode, the costs of seedling fields, labor, seedling raising trays, irrigation, transplantation and the like for seedling raising of the late rice are reduced, the agricultural consumption period and the late rice seedling reviving period caused by transplantation do not exist, the risk of safe maturity is reduced, the successful allocation of spring corn-late rice two-season crops is realized, the annual light and temperature resource utilization rate is improved, and the annual mu benefit is obviously improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a spring corn-late rice rotation method, which adopts a mode of interplanting direct-seeding late rice before spring corn harvesting so as to reduce the manpower and cost for the existing seedling raising and transplanting and improve the crop yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a spring corn direct sowing late rice two-cropping planting method mainly comprises 4 technical links of a first-season spring corn matched planting measure, late rice direct sowing, corn late rice symbiotic period management, a corn post-harvest late rice matched management measure and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) soil cultivation and ditching for compartment: in the middle ten days of 3 months, rotary tillage is carried out on the field blocks by 15 cm-18 cm to achieve fine crushing and loosening of soil, a furrow opener is adopted to ditch according to the specification of 150cm to form a compartment, the width of the furrow is about 20cm, and a circumferential furrow and a waist furrow are opened to facilitate drainage and water drop;
(2) selecting corn varieties: spring corn is selected from early-medium-maturing varieties which are compact or semi-compact in plant type, resistant to stain in seedling stage, resistant to high temperature after flowering and resistant to diseases, and is required to be mature and harvested 7 months and 25 days before;
(3) corn sowing: sowing the corn seeds after coating, wherein the sowing time is that the average daily temperature is stabilized at 8-10 ℃ in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, the sowing time is no later than 25 days of 3 months, and the sowing depth is 2-3 cm;
(4) planting mode and planting density: two rows of corns are sowed in each compartment, the row spacing is 110 cm-120 cm, the distance between the sowing row and the compartment ditch center is 15cm, and the planting density is 4000-4500 plants/mu;
(5) fertilizing the corn: soil preparation time increase before sowingApplying an organic fertilizer, applying pure N14-16 kg/mu in the whole growth period of the corn, and applying the base fertilizer, the stalk fertilizer and the ear fertilizer for three times according to the ratio of 5: 2: 3; the phosphate fertilizers required by the corn and the late rice all the year round are used as base fertilizers for deep application before the corn is sowed, and P is applied to each mu in total2O510-12 kg; k is applied per mu28-10 kg of O, and applying the base fertilizer and the stalk fertilizer in a ratio of 1: 1; ZnSO used per mu41kg of fertilizer is used as base fertilizer;
(6) corn field management: after the corn seedlings emerge, thinning and final singling are carried out in time, and the prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds, as well as the prevention and drought control of waterlogging are well carried out;
(7) late rice variety selection and sowing time: selecting disease-resistant, lodging-resistant, high-yield, high-quality, middle-early maturing late rice varieties, wherein the sowing time is determined according to the length of the symbiotic period of the front and rear crops under the condition of safe maturity, and the sowing time is not later than 6 months and 25 days;
(8) sowing the late rice in a sleeved mode: in the later stage of corn grouting, late rice is directly sown among corn rows in each compartment, sun seeding, disinfection seed soaking and germination acceleration are carried out before seeding until the late rice is exposed, then dry-raised nurse is used for seed dressing, the compartment surface is leveled and broken before seeding, late rice seeds coated by the dry-raised nurse are uniformly sown or sown among the corn rows in a row manner, and the late rice is lightly harrowed and covered;
(9) and (3) managing the symbiotic period of the corn and the late rice: irrigating water through the compartment ditches immediately after sowing late rice, wherein the water level of the compartment ditches is flat to the compartment surface, the late rice naturally falls off after seedling emergence, the compartment surface soil is ensured to be wet, if the late rice is dry in weather and the soil water capacity is lower than 70%, water is irrigated in time to resist drought, and disease, insect and grass damage prevention and control are required to be performed during symbiotic period;
(10) harvesting corn and treating straw: harvesting the spring corn no later than 7 months and 25 days, and covering the corn ears in the compartment ditch to return the straws to the field after harvesting the corn ears;
(11) late rice field management: after the corn is harvested, timely fertilizing and irrigating, applying 10-12 kg of pure nitrogen per mu, and applying the tillering fertilizer, the spike fertilizer and the grain fertilizer for three times according to the ratio of 4: 2; k is applied per mu2O6-8 kg, wherein 70% of the fertilizer is applied as a tiller fertilizer, 30% of the fertilizer is applied as a spike fertilizer, when the tiller number of a group reaches 80% of the expected spike number, drainage and field drying are started, irrigation is performed in a dry-wet alternative mode in the middle and later stage of rice grouting, water is cut off for one week before harvesting, and disease, insect and weed control is well performed;
(12) and (5) harvesting rice.
Compared with the existing planting mode, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the method, the direct sowing of the late rice is interplanted between lines before harvesting of the corn, the investment of a late rice seedling raising field, a seedling raising tray, a seedling raising matrix and the like is saved, the manual or mechanical cost of late rice seedling raising field management, transplanting and the like is saved, the advantages of labor saving and cost saving are achieved, and the planting benefit of the corn and the late rice is greatly improved.
(2) By adopting the planting mode of the invention, no agricultural period is consumed when the corn and the late rice are connected; compared with seedling raising and transplanting of late rice, the direct seeding of the late rice reduces the problems of easy aging and few tillers of late rice seedlings, the direct seeding of the late rice has no green turning period, the risk of safe and mature multiple cropping of the corn-late rice caused by transplanting is reduced, and the feasibility and the suitable area range of the double cropping planting of the corn-late rice are improved.
(3) The method obviously alleviates the influence on the growth of the directly-sown late rice seedlings due to shading among lines under the traditional corn planting specification by adjusting the row spacing of the corn planting and matching with reasonable water and fertilizer management, realizes the symbiosis of the late rice seedling stage and the corn under the wet and dry farming, solves the contradiction of the water management of the corn grouting stage and the late rice seedling stage, reduces the water consumption and the manual investment for the irrigation of the late rice seedling stage, and further improves the planting benefit.
(4) The invention can realize the annual total yield of over 1300 kilograms/mu in a corn-late rice mode, improves the utilization efficiency of light, heat and other resources, and provides a feasible high-yield and high-efficiency planting mode for the synergistic development of corn and rice.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, wherein the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the raw materials used are commercially available products unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Implementation time and place: technical tests were carried out in flower bridge town of Wujing city, Hubei province in 2014;
(1) soil cultivation and ditching in early spring for making compartments: in the last ten days of 3 months, a rotary cultivator is selected to carry out rotary tillage on the field for 15-18 cm; selecting a furrow plough type furrow opener, and making a furrow according to the specification of 120cm, wherein the width of the furrow is about 20 cm; and (5) opening a circumferential ditch and a waist ditch, and draining water and reducing water stains.
(2) Selecting and sowing spring corn varieties: the spring corn adopts the local promoted early-middle-maturing variety Zhengdan 958.
(3) Corn sowing: sowing the seeds for 3 months and 16 days.
(4) Planting mode and planting density: two rows of corns are sown in each compartment, the row spacing is 110 cm-120 cm, the sowing depth is 2 cm-3 cm, the distance between the sowing row and the compartment ditch center is 15cm, the film is covered after sowing, and finally the planting density is 4000 plants/mu.
(5) Fertilizing the corn: applying organic fertilizer before sowing, applying pure N16 kg/mu in the whole growing period of corn, and applying base fertilizer, stalk fertilizer and spike fertilizer in a weight ratio of 5: 2: 3 for three times; the phosphate fertilizers required by the corn and the late rice all the year round are used as base fertilizers for deep application before the corn is sowed, and P is applied to each mu in total2O512 kg; k is applied per mu2O8 kg, applied according to the weight ratio of 1: 1 of base fertilizer and stalk fertilizer; ZnSO used per mu41kg, and is applied as a base fertilizer.
(6) Corn field management: after the corn seedlings emerge, thinning and final singling are carried out in time, and the prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds, prevention of waterlogging and drought resistance are well carried out.
(7) Late rice variety selection and sowing time: the late rice is sowed in 22 days in 6 months by using a local promoted variety Yueyou 9113.
(8) Sowing the late rice in a sleeved mode: in the later stage of corn filling, late rice is directly sown among corn rows in each compartment, sun-seeding, disinfection, seed soaking and germination acceleration are carried out before the late rice is sowed until the late rice is white, then dry-raised nurse is used for seed dressing, the compartment surface among the corn rows is leveled and crushed before sowing, the late rice seeds coated by the dry-raised nurse are uniformly sown or sowed among the corn rows in a row mode, and the late rice is lightly harrowed and covered; the seeding rate is 3 kg/mu (dry grain).
(9) And (3) managing the symbiotic period of the corn and the late rice: rainfall is present before the late rice is sowed, so that the water is not irrigated to wet the compartment surface after the late rice is sowed, and after the rice seedlings emerge, the water is irrigated according to the weather condition and the growth conditions of the corns and the rice, so that the moisture of the compartment surface soil is ensured. Because the rainwater is abundant, the corn and the late rice are not irrigated during the symbiosis period. The symbiotic period of interplanting late rice and corn in 2014 is 23d, and diseases, insects and weeds need to be prevented and controlled during the symbiotic period.
(10) Harvesting corn and treating straw: corn was harvested manually on day 7, 23. After harvesting the fruit clusters, the corn straws are felled and placed in the compartment ditch, and are soaked and rotted by water in the compartment ditch in rice seasons until late rice is harvested and then are turned over and pressed before winter and returned to the field.
(11) Field management of late rice after harvesting corn: after the corn is harvested, the fertilizer is applied and the water is irrigated in time. Applying 12kg of pure nitrogen per mu in three times according to the weight ratio of the tillering fertilizer, the ear fertilizer and the grain fertilizer of 4: 2; k is applied per mu2O7 kg, 70 percent (by weight) of the fertilizer is used as a tiller fertilizer, and 30 percent (by weight) of the fertilizer is used as a spike fertilizer. When the number of the tiller of the colony reaches 80 percent of the expected number of the spike, the drainage and the drying of the field are started, the irrigation is carried out in a dry-wet alternative mode in the middle and later stage of the rice grouting, the water is cut off one week before harvesting, and the prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds are well carried out.
(12) And (5) harvesting rice.
Wherein 2000 kg-3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure or commercial organic fertilizer can be applied to each mu of the additional application organic fertilizer in the step (5).
Wherein the stalk fertilizer in the step (5) is a fertilizer applied in the corn jointing stage; the ear fertilizer is a fertilizer applied in the large flare stage of the corn. The strip application can be manual or mechanical.
Wherein, the symbiotic period in the step (9) refers to the time from the sowing date of the late rice to the harvesting date of the corn, and the symbiotic period of the corn and the late rice is not more than 30 days generally.
Wherein, the disinfection seed soaking pregermination in the step (8) is as follows: the rice seeds are cleaned and then soaked in 2000 times of prochloraz diluent with the concentration of 25% for 12 hours, then the rice seeds are fished out, cleaned by clear water, finally, the heat preservation, the moisture preservation and the germination acceleration are carried out, the seeds can be sown after chest breaking, and the seeds can be soaked in the daytime and the night by adopting a mode of filtering the seeds in a ventilating nylon mesh bag or a woven bag, and the seeds are fished up at night until the standard of neat chest breaking is achieved, and then the seeds are sown.
Wherein the dry-breeding nurse in the step (8) is a seed coating agent, the content of the total effective components is 0.78 percent (weight), the content of the carbendazim is 0.75 percent (weight), and the content of the paclobutrazol is 0.03 percent (weight).
Wherein, the step (8) of leveling the crushed compartment surface refers to loosening and leveling the surface soil between the corn rows by adopting a micro rotary cultivator or a harrow.
Wherein, the step (10) of covering the straws in the compartment ditch for returning to the field is that: after harvesting corn ears, the corn stalks are fell down from the base parts, the whole stalks are placed in the compartment ditches, the rice is soaked in water in the compartment ditches in rice seasons to be rotten, and the corn stalks are turned over and pressed to return to the field before winter after late rice is harvested.
Wherein the tillering fertilizer in the step (11) refers to a fertilizer which is sown in the tillering stage of late rice by combining irrigation after the corn is harvested, so that tillering and spike number increasing are promoted; the ear fertilizer is applied in the late rice booting stage to promote strong stalks and big ears; the granular fertilizer is applied in the flowering and filling stage.
Wherein, the irrigation in the dry-wet alternative mode in the step (11) is as follows: filling the compartment ditch with water, naturally drying the water until the compartment surface is wet, filling the compartment ditch with water, and repeatedly and circularly filling the water.
Technical tests of direct sowing of spring corn in late rice are carried out in the Wu cave Huaqianjiang town of Hubei in 2014. The annual yield of the spring corn direct sowing late rice is 1302 kg/mu, wherein the corn yield is 704 kg/mu, the late rice yield is 598 kg/mu, the annual yield is equivalent to that of a spring corn-transplanted late rice mode, and the annual yield is increased by about 10% compared with that of a double cropping rice mode. The total cost of the set direct seeding late rice is 785 yuan/mu, the total cost of the seedling raising transplanting late rice is 905 yuan/mu, and the cost can be saved and the efficiency can be increased by 120 yuan/mu.
Example 2
Implementation time and jade place: a technical test demonstration is developed in 2017 in Qujialing mountain Oji of Jingmen city, Hubei province and blocking town populus tremula village of Huanggang city;
(1) soil cultivation and ditching in early spring for making compartments: and in the last ten days of 3 months, a rotary cultivator is selected to carry out rotary tillage on the field for 15-18 cm. Selecting a furrow plough type furrow opener, and opening a compartment to make a furrow according to the specification of 150 cm.
(2) Selecting and sowing spring corn varieties: the spring corn variety Shanghai 618 popularized in Hubei province is selected. The seeds are sown in Jingmen City of 3 months and 25 days, and the seeds are sown in Huanggang City of 3 months and 28 days. Two rows are sowed in each compartment, the row spacing is 120cm, the distance between the sowing row and the compartment ditch center is 15cm, and the density after plant setting is 4000 plants/mu.
(3) Spring corn field management: and (5) seedling and final singling of the corn in the 3-leaf stage. Applying pure N16 kg/mu in the whole growth period of the corn, and applying the base fertilizer, the stalk fertilizer and the ear fertilizer for three times according to the ratio of 5: 2: 3; the phosphate fertilizers required by the corns and the late rice all the year round are used as base fertilizers for deep application before the corns are sowed, and P2O 510 kg is applied to each mu in total; K2O 10kg is applied to each mu according to the ratio of base fertilizer to stalk fertilizer being 1: 1; ZnSO 41 kg is used as base fertilizer for each mu. And the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated in time according to the local conventional method.
(4) Late rice variety and seed soaking germination: the late rice is selected from the Tianliangyou 953 examined late rice variety in Hubei province. Seed treatment before sowing was the same as in example 1.
(5) Sowing late rice: the seeds are sown in 24 days in 6 months in Jingmen city, and are sown in 28 days in 6 months in Huanggang city. The seeding method was the same as in example 1.
(6) And (3) managing the symbiotic period of the corn and the late rice: the same as in example 1. The symbiotic period of the late rice and the early-maturing corn sowed in 2017 is 18 d-21 d; the symbiotic period of the interplanting late rice and the early-maturing corn is 22-28 days.
(7) Harvesting corn and treating straw: harvesting in 7 months and 22 days in Jingmen City; harvested 7 months and 20 days in Huanggang City. The harvesting and straw treatment were performed in the same manner as in example 1.
(8) Field management of late rice after harvesting corn: after the corn is harvested, the fertilizer is applied and the water is irrigated in time. Applying 12kg of pure nitrogen per mu for three times according to the ratio of the tillering fertilizer, the ear fertilizer and the grain fertilizer being 4: 2; K2O 7kg is applied to each mu, 70 percent of the fertilizer is applied as tiller fertilizer, and 30 percent of the fertilizer is applied as spike fertilizer. Other field management measures were the same as in example 1.
(9) And (5) harvesting rice.
Experiments of paddy-upland rotation technology of spring corn no-tillage direct seeding late rice are performed in 2017 in two different ecological areas of Hubei Jingmen city and Huanggang city. The annual yield of spring corn direct seeding late rice in Jingmen city is 1293 kg/mu, wherein the corn yield is 757 kg/mu, and the yield of the spring corn direct seeding late rice in Jingmen city is 536 kg/mu. The annual yield of the spring corn direct sowing late rice in Huanggang city is 1325 kg/mu, wherein the corn yield is 795 kg/mu, and the yield of the spring corn direct sowing late rice in Huanggang city is 530 kg/mu. The annual output is improved by 3 to 5 percent compared with that of spring corn-transplanted late rice. Compared with the transplanted late rice in the spring corn-transplanted late rice mode, the mature period of the sleeve direct seeding late rice is 4 days earlier; irrigation water is saved for 3 times in the seedling stage, the cost is saved by 60 yuan/mu, the labor cost and the seedling bed cost for seedling cultivation are reduced by 120 yuan/mu, and the cost saving and the efficiency increasing are 180 yuan/mu.
Claims (1)
1. A spring corn direct seeding late rice two-harvest-a-year planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) soil cultivation and ditching for compartment: in the middle ten days of 3 months, rotary tillage is carried out on the field blocks by 15 cm-18 cm to achieve fine crushing and loosening of soil, a furrow opener is adopted to ditch according to the specification of 150cm to form a compartment, the width of the furrow is about 20cm, and a circumferential furrow and a waist furrow are opened to facilitate drainage and water drop;
(2) selecting corn varieties: spring corn is selected from early-medium-maturing varieties which are compact or semi-compact in plant type, resistant to stain in seedling stage, resistant to high temperature after flowering and resistant to diseases, and is required to be mature and harvested 7 months and 25 days before;
(3) corn sowing: sowing the corn seeds after coating, wherein the sowing time is that the average daily temperature is stabilized at 8-10 ℃ in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, the sowing time is no later than 25 days of 3 months, and the sowing depth is 2-3 cm;
(4) planting mode and planting density: two rows of corns are sowed in each compartment, the row spacing is 110 cm-120 cm, the distance between the sowing row and the compartment ditch center is 15cm, and the planting density is 4000-4500 plants/mu;
(5) fertilizing the corn: applying organic fertilizer before sowing, applying pure N14-16 kg/mu in the whole growing period of the corn, and applying base fertilizer, stalk fertilizer and spike fertilizer in a ratio of 5: 2: 3 for three times; the phosphate fertilizers required by the corn and the late rice all the year round are used as base fertilizers for deep application before the corn is sowed, and P is applied to each mu in total2O510-12 kg; k is applied per mu28-10 kg of O, and applying the base fertilizer and the stalk fertilizer in a ratio of 1: 1; ZnSO used per mu41kg of fertilizer is used as base fertilizer;
(6) corn field management: after the corn seedlings emerge, thinning and final singling are carried out in time, and the prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds, as well as the prevention and drought control of waterlogging are well carried out;
(7) late rice variety selection and sowing time: selecting disease-resistant, lodging-resistant, high-yield, high-quality, middle-early maturing late rice varieties, wherein the sowing time is determined according to the length of the symbiotic period of the front and rear crops under the condition of safe maturity, and the sowing time is not later than 6 months and 25 days;
(8) sowing the late rice in a sleeved mode: in the later stage of corn grouting, late rice is directly sown among corn rows in each compartment, sun seeding, disinfection seed soaking and germination acceleration are carried out before seeding until the late rice is exposed, then dry-raised nurse is used for seed dressing, the compartment surface is leveled and broken before seeding, late rice seeds coated by the dry-raised nurse are uniformly sown or sown among the corn rows in a row manner, and the late rice is lightly harrowed and covered;
(9) and (3) managing the symbiotic period of the corn and the late rice: irrigating water through the compartment ditches immediately after sowing late rice, wherein the water level of the compartment ditches is flat to the compartment surface, the late rice naturally falls off after seedling emergence, the compartment surface soil is ensured to be wet, if the late rice is dry in weather and the soil water capacity is lower than 70%, water is irrigated in time to resist drought, and disease, insect and grass damage prevention and control are required to be performed during symbiotic period;
(10) harvesting corn and treating straw: harvesting the spring corn no later than 7 months and 25 days, and covering the corn ears in the compartment ditch to return the straws to the field after harvesting the corn ears;
(11) late rice field management: after the corn is harvested, timely fertilizing and irrigating, applying 10-12 kg of pure nitrogen per mu, and applying the tillering fertilizer, the spike fertilizer and the grain fertilizer for three times according to the ratio of 4: 2; k is applied per mu2O6-8 kg, wherein 70% of the fertilizer is applied as a tiller fertilizer, 30% of the fertilizer is applied as a spike fertilizer, when the tiller number of a group reaches 80% of the expected spike number, drainage and field drying are started, irrigation is performed in a dry-wet alternative mode in the middle and later stage of rice grouting, water is cut off for one week before harvesting, and disease, insect and weed control is well performed;
(12) and (5) harvesting rice.
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