CN104126468A - Method for interplanting rice in wheat field or oilseed rape field in no tillage mode - Google Patents

Method for interplanting rice in wheat field or oilseed rape field in no tillage mode Download PDF

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CN104126468A
CN104126468A CN201410403244.4A CN201410403244A CN104126468A CN 104126468 A CN104126468 A CN 104126468A CN 201410403244 A CN201410403244 A CN 201410403244A CN 104126468 A CN104126468 A CN 104126468A
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rice
field
seed
wheat
water
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蒋植宝
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TAIZHOU JIANGYAN DISTRICT PUJIN RICE CULTIVATION SPECIALTY COOPERATIVES
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TAIZHOU JIANGYAN DISTRICT PUJIN RICE CULTIVATION SPECIALTY COOPERATIVES
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for interplanting rice in a wheat field or an oilseed rape field in a no tillage mode. In the middle and later periods of a grain filling ripe period of wheat or a podding ripe period of oilseed rape, and seed rice is directly spread into the wheat field or the oilseed rape field after being processed. The method for interplanting the rice comprises the following main steps of (1) seed rice processing, (2) seed pelleting, (3) seed sowing and water spreading, and (4) wheat or rapeseed harvesting. The method achieves the purposes of planting the rice without rice seedling raising, seedling transplanting, plough, soil preparation and straw incineration; time, cost, oil consumption and seedling fields are saved; economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits are increased simultaneously, and direct economic benefits increased through labor and cost saving are more than 200 yuan.

Description

A kind of method in wheatland or Rapeseed Field zero tillage and interplanting paddy rice
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting, the implantation methods of especially a kind of paddy rice.
Background technology
At present, the method for China's rice cultivation mainly contains: artificial breeding transplanting, artificial breeding rice transplanting, transplanting, direct seading rice and drought are planted rice etc., respectively have its pluses and minuses.
Artificial breeding is transplanted: one of planting patterns that Zhe Shi China is the most traditional.Advantage: paddy rice Planting Densities can manual control, and the uniformity is better, and rice yield is more stable.Shortcoming: labour intensity is high, work program is loaded down with trivial details, and efficiency is low etc.In recent years, along with innovation and the popularization of rice cultivation technology, the method for this " face loess the back of the body towards sky " or eliminated gradually.
Artificial breeding rice transplanting: this method is close with artificial breeding transplanting method, identical is all to need to grow seedlings, and different is rice transplantation by hand to be transformed into artificial throwing plant, and other program is basic identical.Advantage: alleviate the pain that rice transplantation by hand is bent over.Shortcoming: 1. pair seedling growing process is had relatively high expectations, otherwise be difficult to throw loose.2. the rice shoot throwing cultivation uniformity and orthostatic are difficult to control, and throwing also needs manually to hold up seedling arrangement etc. after planting, and As time goes on, this method is exited gradually.
Transplanting: this is the kind rice mode that current China gives special assistance to and promotes.Advantage: reduce labor intensity, significantly raise labour efficiency.The normal work of rice transplanter can be pushed up 30-40 people's transplanting rice seedling by hand.Shortcoming: mechanical input cost is high, seedling-cultivation technique requires high, and society organization degree requires high, and mechanical energy consumption is large simultaneously, and the yield level of paddy rice is also difficult to have quantum jump.
Direct-seeding Rice: directly plough whole field after wheat, rape results, disseminate seed rice.This is the kind rice mode of selecting in China In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River considerable part peasant household at present.Advantage: method is simple, program simplification, saves the seedling cultivation of rice process of transplanting seedlings, and efficiency is high.Shortcoming: owing to lacking nursery stage, relatively shorten the vegetative period in paddy rice all one's life, effective accumulated temperature and illumination relative deficiency.In case of late growth stage of rice microthermal climate is come ahead of time, paddy rice can not be in the temperature range of safety Heading filling, very easily cause the underproduction or total crop failure, meanwhile, the kind of this mode is selected to be also restricted, and is difficult to stable high yield.
Upland rice: this is one of normal kind rice mode adopting in deficient area at water source.Advantage: paddy rice water consumption in all one's life reduces, and does not need seedling, and management is simple.Shortcoming: due to paddy growth needs water and physiological water requirement can not be completely satisfied, the kind of its paddy rice is selected, the output of paddy rice and the quality of paddy rice are all subject to great restriction, are difficult to good quality and high output.
Summary of the invention
For above the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of in wheatland or Rapeseed Field the method for zero tillage and interplanting paddy rice.
The object of the invention is by realizing by the following technical solutions: in wheat grouting maturation or rape, bear pods the ripe middle and later periods, after will seed rice processing, directly be disseminated in wheatland or Rapeseed Field, the method for this interplanting paddy rice has following key step:
(1) seed rice is processed: the confection seed soaking of 25% Prochloraz and 75% pyrrole worm woods for seed rice, till being dipped into seed rice and breaking chest and show money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
(2) seed pelleting: after the seed rice that seed soaking is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally is pulled out and drained the water, get seed rice, thick river silt, dry fine earth in the ratio of 1:0.5:2, first seed rice is admixed to river silt and lose sky to paddy, then mix dry fine earth and rub scattered, its shape is as mouse dung or soybean grain size;
(3) water of sowing and spread and sink in: by the good seed of dressing, share by furrow area, then with artificial or mechanical wheatland or the Rapeseed Field of being disseminated to of atomizing; Sowing is poured water that afternoon, soaks furrow face, and the next morning is discharged field ditch internal water accumulation;
(4) shear through the wheat or vegetable seed: wheatland or Rapeseed Field interplanting paddy rice are after 10-25 days, and wheat or vegetable seed are ripe, with machinery, hand harvest; Wheat Straw after wheat harvest scatters on the spot and is covered in earth's surface or imbeds in a set of ditch in field, lets alone decomposition and makes fertilizer; During rape results, extract top branch, bottom rhizome is stayed to field decomposition voluntarily, the Rapeseed Shell the like waste after the rape pod threshing of top, evenly also field throwing is loose covers furrow face, and natural decomposition is made fertilizer;
(5) field management: its management method and other kind of rice method are basic identical.
As the preferred technical solution of the present invention, there iing the seeding quantity of symbiosis phase during pattern, kind of a 6-8 kilogram for every mu of conventional rice, kind of a 2-2.5 kilogram for every mu of hybrid rice, clayed ground and the higher field of field wheat density should be selected the sowing quantity upper limit; Seeding quantity in zero symbiosis phase during pattern, kind of a 5-6 kilogram for every mu of conventional rice, kind of a 1.5-2 kilogram for every mu of hybrid rice;
As the preferred technical solution of the present invention, subsist there being the seed soaking time of symbiosis phase during pattern to be 60 Celsius, at zero symbiosis phase medicament seed soaking or vexed kind of 8-10 hour during pattern;
As the preferred technical solution of the present invention, the lime light of field management has following content:
Water starch management: 1. rice shoot transfers water work to by dry farming the individual procedure of adaptation, and after field Wheat Straw scatters, first the moistening furrow face of upper horse race water, then progressively sets up 3 centimetres of thin water layers in left and right.2. pour water tillering stage with shoaling layer as well, gently put field after reaching spike number seedling.3. jointing fringe idiophase, moistening irrigation.4. booting, to heading flowering period, keeps the shoaling layer of 5 centimetres of left and right.5. During Grain-filling, take moistening irrigation as main, treats that the abundant maturation of paddy rice stops pouring water for first 7 days.
Fertilizer application: after stubble harvesting, in conjunction with setting up thin water layer, spread fertilizer over the fields 45% composite fertilizer 15-20 kg/acre 1..2. after one week, heavy dressing tillering fertilizer, 15 kgs/acre of left and right urea of consumption, or identical other kind of content.3. again after one week, according to its growing way appearance, execute balance fertilizer, its quantity kind is made by oneself.4. at the jointing initial stage, execute short flower and protect fetilizer for tillering.Protecting fertilizers for potted flowers does not generally execute.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: with respect to prior art, this method realized the not seedling of kind rice, do not transplant seedlings, do not plough wholely and crop straw burning not; Saving of labor, economize this, economize oil consumption and economize seedling ground; Economy, society and ecological Three benefits Synchronous lifting, every mu of saving of labor's abridged edition increases income direct economic benefit and reaches more than 200 yuan.
Embodiment
One, there is symbiosis phase pattern
1. cornfield interplanting paddy rice
(1) field requirement.Select irrigation and drainage more for convenience, field smooth or upper one year is the field of rice cultivation.But require the field that last year, landed without weeds seed rice and hybrid rice in field.
(2) kind is selected.Selection can be eared safely in locality promotes mainly kind, and large spike and fringe grain heavy kind are more conducive to stable high yield.
(3) amount of broadcasting is determined.Kind of a 6-8 kilogram for every mu of conventional rice, kind of a 2-2.5 kilogram for every mu of hybrid rice, clayed ground and the higher field of field wheat density should be selected the sowing quantity upper limit.
(4) seed rice is processed.Seed rice need be with the confection seed soaking of 25% Prochloraz and 75% pyrrole worm woods, and dosing is identical with conventional seed soaking, and seed soaking time is 60 Celsius subsists, and till being dipped into seed rice and breaking chest and show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, does not need vernalization.
(5) seed pelleting.After the seed rice that seed soaking is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally is pulled out and drained the water, get seed rice, thick river silt, dry fine earth in the ratio of 1:0.5:2, first seed rice is admixed to river silt and lose sky to paddy, then mix dry fine earth and rub scattered, its shape is as mouse dung or soybean grain size.Seed plays weightening finish with river silt dressing, getting fat, smooth effect of easily landing.
(6) sowing.By the good seed of dressing, by furrow area, share, then with artificial or the mechanical wheatland that is disseminated to of atomizing.
(7) water of spreading and sinking in.Sowing is poured water that afternoon, soaks furrow face, and the next morning is discharged field ditch internal water accumulation.Generally filling with a water can urge it and emerge.As extreme drought weather, also need if desired the water for the second time of spreading and sinking in, to guarantee seed sprouting.
(8) shear through the wheat.After cornfield interplanting paddy rice 10-25 days, wheat is ripe, with machinery, hand harvest, all can.
(9) straw utilization.Wheat Straw after wheat harvest scatters on the spot and is covered in earth's surface or imbeds in a set of ditch in field, lets alone decomposition and makes fertilizer.
(10) field management.During wheat harvest, paddy rice leaf age has reached two wholeheartedly to four of leaf leaves wholeheartedly, and its management method and other kind of rice method are basic identical, but its different lime light has following content:
Water starch management: 1. rice shoot transfers water work to by dry farming the individual procedure of adaptation, and after field Wheat Straw scatters, first the moistening furrow face of upper horse race water, then progressively sets up 3 centimetres of thin water layers in left and right.2. pour water tillering stage with shoaling layer as well, gently put field after reaching spike number seedling.3. jointing fringe idiophase, moistening irrigation.4. booting, to heading flowering period, keeps the shoaling layer of 5 centimetres of left and right.5. During Grain-filling, take moistening irrigation as main, treats that the abundant maturation of paddy rice stops pouring water for first 7 days.
Fertilizer application: after stubble harvesting, in conjunction with setting up thin water layer, spread fertilizer over the fields 45% composite fertilizer 15-20 kg/acre 1..2. after one week, heavy dressing tillering fertilizer, 15 kgs/acre of left and right urea of consumption, or identical other kind of content.3. again after one week, according to its growing way appearance, execute balance fertilizer, its quantity kind is made by oneself.4. at the jointing initial stage, execute short flower and protect fetilizer for tillering.Protecting fertilizers for potted flowers does not generally execute.
Weed control: adhere to " except early, except little, except " principle, when paddy rice leaf age reaches two leaves wholeheartedly time, should eliminate immediately in conjunction with field water starch management, thereby reduce, eliminate drug cost, alleviate and reduce weeds harm, promote favourable paddy growth.
Weedy Rice prevention and control: Weedy Rice is commonly called as " little red rice rice ", is also a kind of weeds, and 1. its preventing control method avoids seed or machinery to bring Weedy Rice into.2. the serious field of Weedy Rice last year, uses zero symbiosis phase pattern instead.3. in conjunction with weediness, remove rear human assistance uprooting weed, remaining Weedy Rice rice shoot is pulled out simultaneously.
Diseases and pests controlling: synchronize with existing large area Rice Production mode.
2. Rapeseed Field is interplanted paddy rice
Operating process and method of operating and cornfield interplanting paddy rice are basic identical, and different lime lights has following content:
(1) the Rapeseed Field interplanting paddy rice time is generally before results during 10-25 days.Because of rape bear pods after field all seal row, pedestrian is difficult to enter.Carry out for convenience field sowing, before the envelope departure date, note staying between Rapeseed Field and sow path, its method is the branch that rape born pods in sowing path, unified to same direction combing, reserves walkway.
(2) when rape is gathered in the crops, extract top branch, bottom rhizome is stayed to field decomposition voluntarily, the Rapeseed Shell the like waste after the rape pod threshing of top, evenly also field throwing is loose covers furrow face, and natural decomposition is made fertilizer.
Two, zero symbiosis phase pattern
1. cornfield interplanting paddy rice
(1) field requirement.Select the convenient comparatively smooth wheatland of the row of filling.
(2) kind is selected.Be applicable to local resistance to late sowing, the large spike that can ear safely in locality or fringe grain heavy kind.
(3) amount of broadcasting is determined.Kind of a 5-6 kilogram for every mu of conventional rice, kind of a 1.5-2 kilogram for every mu of hybrid rice.
(4) seed rice is processed.Before sowing, need with medicament seed soaking or vexed kind of 8-10 hour, with the prevention of water rice bakanae disease and Aplelenchiodes bessegi of rice.
(5) seed pelleting is identical with said method.
(6) sowing time.1-3 days before wheat results.
(7) type of seeding.Identical with said method.
(8) receive wheat.Seed rice will gather in after being sown into wheatland in time, with machinery, hand harvest, all can.
(9) straw utilization.Identical with said method.
(10) water starch management.1. after stalk evenly scatters, the bubble kind of pouring water immediately, bubble was planted after time 36-48 hour, must fall to doing field ponding, kept furrow face moistening, guaranteed the vertical seedling of germination of rice.2. after 7-10 days, treat that seed rice takes root vertical seedling, progressively set up the short full stand of thin water layer.Thereafter method is same as described above.
(11) fertilizer application.1. field is set up after thin water layer, robs immediately and executes fertilizer for the first time, Mei Muyong 25% composite fertilizer 25-30 kilogram or identical other chemical fertilizer of content.2. after 7-10 days, execute for the second time fertilely, with phase equal size chemical fertilizer for the first time, kind is free.3. again after 7-10 days, according to its growing way appearance, execute balance fertilizer, its quantity kind is made by oneself.4. at the jointing initial stage, execute short flower and protect fetilizer for tillering.Protecting fertilizers for potted flowers does not generally execute.
(12) weed control.1. seal weeding, on field, after bubble kind, with the high benthiocarb of 180-200ml and pesticide-clay mixture, shed or be watered to sprinkle for every mu and water.2. paddy rice leaf age two leaves wholeheartedly after, as find that there is weeds, by paddy field conventional method, eliminate.
(13) Weedy Rice prevention and control.1. avoid seed or machinery to bring Weedy Rice into.2. the serious field of Weedy Rice last year, can be before front stubble results 20-30 days, pour water moistening field face more than three days, bring out Weedy Rice and emerge.After wheat harvest, stalk is imbedded to dead furrow or stay nature ribbon, the weeds rice seedling of being born is reached and eliminated with steriland herbicide 41% agriculture, every mu of 200ml is watered 30 kilograms thin sprayings, and dry field is gone up bubble kind again after one day.3. the human assistance uprooting weed after removing in conjunction with weediness, removes remaining weeds rice seedling in the lump.
(14) diseases and pests controlling.Synchronize with existing large area Rice Production.
2. Rapeseed Field is interplanted paddy rice.Identical with said method.
This method is broken China's tradition kind rice mode of several thousand, realizes kind of a not seedling of rice, does not transplant seedlings, do not plough wholely and crop straw burning not; Saving of labor, economize this, economize oil consumption and economize seedling ground; Economy, society and ecological Three benefits Synchronous lifting, every mu of saving of labor's abridged edition increases income direct economic benefit and reaches more than 200 yuan.
1. labor productivity significantly improves.A labour plants rice and brings up to tens of mu to mu up to a hundred by several mu of original ground, is applicable to very much appropriate scale of operation and home farm's plantation.During the busy farming season, the peasant that goes out to work does not need to return to one's native place, and empty nestor, women can complete plantation task.
2. save machinery oil power consumption.Owing to not needing to plough whole soil, do not need machine rice transplantation, can save mechanical oil consumption 2.5-3 kilogram for every mu, simultaneously protection of the environment.
3. stalk resource is rationally utilized.When wheat or rape results, paddy rice seed rice has been broadcast or has been reached two leaves wholeheartedly to rice shoot, as easily burnt seed rice or the rice shoot of having interplanted at field crop straw burning.And after wheat or rape results, the stalk after threshing is gone back field decomposition on the spot, can improve soil, improve the soil content of organic matter, reduce fertilizer amount.Through test measuring and calculating, every mu of Wheat Straw also after the decomposition of field, can support and calculate 5-7.5 kilogram of urea when stubble fertilizer efficiency.
4. warm light rich water resource etc. is fully used, and yield and quality synchronously improves.Due to paddy rice and wheat or rape symbiosis, won 10-25 days vegetative period, increased biological yield.Even zero symbiosis phase also can be won the vegetative period (because alternate manner is wholely about 7-10 days time to the cycle of transplanting seedlings from gathering in to plough) of 7-10 days, for solid foundation has been established in the high and stable yields of paddy rice, Rice Production obtains initiatively thus.This method and conventional seedbed system transplanting rice output maintain an equal level or increase 5% left and right.
5. save and plough.Planting one mu of paddy rice approximately needs 0.15 mu of seedling pond to grow seedlings, and this method does not need seedling, and it saves seedling ground area can directly plant wheat or rape.As plant wheat and can increase income 35 kilograms of left and right of wheat, insignificant concerning single household, how considerable Dan Duiyige county, an area, this numeral of country be.China has a large population and a few land, and ploughs nervous, and application and its meaning of popularization the method are very far-reaching.
6. program simplification, peasant easily accepts and grasps.Because the method really accomplishes that stalk does not burn, rice transplanting is not bent over, and output is surely high again, and abridged edition is synergy again, greatly advances China rural area and peasant's socialist civilization process.

Claims (6)

1. in a method for wheatland or Rapeseed Field zero tillage and interplanting paddy rice, it is characterized in that: in wheat grouting maturation or rape, bear pods the ripe middle and later periods, after seed rice is processed, be directly disseminated in wheatland or Rapeseed Field, the method for this interplanting paddy rice has following key step:
(1) seed rice is processed: the confection seed soaking of 25% Prochloraz and 75% pyrrole worm woods for seed rice, till being dipped into seed rice and breaking chest and show money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
(2) seed pelleting: after the seed rice that seed soaking is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally is pulled out and drained the water, get seed rice, thick river silt, dry fine earth in the ratio of 1:0.5:2, first seed rice is admixed to river silt and lose sky to paddy, then mix dry fine earth and rub scattered, its shape is as mouse dung or soybean grain size;
(3) water of sowing and spread and sink in: by the good seed of dressing, share by furrow area, then with artificial or mechanical wheatland or the Rapeseed Field of being disseminated to of atomizing; Sowing is poured water that afternoon, soaks furrow face, and the next morning is discharged field ditch internal water accumulation;
(4) shear through the wheat or vegetable seed: wheatland or Rapeseed Field interplanting paddy rice are after 10-25 days, and wheat or vegetable seed are ripe, with machinery, hand harvest; Wheat Straw after wheat harvest scatters on the spot and is covered in earth's surface or imbeds in a set of ditch in field, lets alone decomposition and makes fertilizer; During rape results, extract top branch, bottom rhizome is stayed to field decomposition voluntarily, the Rapeseed Shell the like waste after the rape pod threshing of top, evenly also field throwing is loose covers furrow face, and natural decomposition is made fertilizer;
(5) field management: its management method and other kind of rice method are basic identical.
2. the method in wheatland or Rapeseed Field zero tillage and interplanting paddy rice according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: having the seeding quantity of symbiosis phase during pattern, kind of a 6-8 kilogram for every mu of conventional rice, kind of a 2-2.5 kilogram for every mu of hybrid rice, clayed ground and the higher field of field wheat density should be selected the sowing quantity upper limit.
3. the method in wheatland or Rapeseed Field zero tillage and interplanting paddy rice according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the seeding quantity in zero symbiosis phase during pattern, kind of a 5-6 kilogram for every mu of conventional rice, kind of a 1.5-2 kilogram for every mu of hybrid rice.
4. the method in wheatland or Rapeseed Field zero tillage and interplanting paddy rice according to claim 1, is characterized in that: subsist there being the seed soaking time of symbiosis phase during pattern to be 60 Celsius.
5. the method in wheatland or Rapeseed Field zero tillage and interplanting paddy rice according to claim 1, is characterized in that:, at zero symbiosis phase medicament seed soaking or vexed kind of 8-10 hour during pattern.
6. the method in wheatland or Rapeseed Field zero tillage and interplanting paddy rice according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described field management also comprises following content:
Water starch management: 1. rice shoot transfers water work to by dry farming the individual procedure of adaptation, and after field Wheat Straw scatters, first the moistening furrow face of upper horse race water, then progressively sets up 3 centimetres of thin water layers in left and right; 2. pour water tillering stage with shoaling layer as well, gently put field after reaching spike number seedling; 3. jointing fringe idiophase, moistening irrigation; 4. booting, to heading flowering period, keeps the shoaling layer of 5 centimetres of left and right; 5. During Grain-filling, take moistening irrigation as main, treats that the abundant maturation of paddy rice stops pouring water for first 7 days;
Fertilizer application: after stubble harvesting, in conjunction with setting up thin water layer, spread fertilizer over the fields 45% composite fertilizer 15-20 kg/acre 1.; 2. after one week, heavy dressing tillering fertilizer, 15 kgs/acre of left and right urea of consumption, or identical other kind of content; 3. again after one week, according to its growing way appearance, execute balance fertilizer, its quantity kind is made by oneself; 4. at the jointing initial stage, execute short flower and protect fetilizer for tillering.Protecting fertilizers for potted flowers does not generally execute.
CN201410403244.4A 2014-08-15 2014-08-15 Method for interplanting rice in wheat field or oilseed rape field in no tillage mode Pending CN104126468A (en)

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Application publication date: 20141105