CN110115207B - Method for replanting red rape moss, spring rape and feed rape in Liaoning area - Google Patents
Method for replanting red rape moss, spring rape and feed rape in Liaoning area Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for replanting red rape bolts, spring rape and feed rape in Liaoning area, belonging to the technical field of agriculture. The method comprises the following steps: sowing red vegetable moss in early spring: a. preparing soil before winter and before sowing, b, sowing in time, c, managing and harvesting leaf vegetables in seedling stage, d, managing in field, e, harvesting red vegetable moss, and f, returning straws to the field; ② sowing cabbage type double low spring rape in spring: a. b, soil preparation, time snatching and sowing, c, timely final singling, d, weed control, e, water and fertilizer management enhancement, f, pest control, g, rapeseed harvesting; ③ sowing cabbage type double-low feed rape in summer: a. ploughing and applying base fertilizer, b, sowing in time, c, weed prevention and control, d, final singling, e, harvesting rape moss, f, enhancing water and fertilizer management, g, pest control and h, harvesting and ensiling the feed rape. The invention improves the land harvest index and increases the income of farmers by fully utilizing the idle time of the land in Liaoning area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for replanting red rape bolts, spring rape and feed rape in Liaoning area, belonging to the technical field of agriculture.
Background
The Liaoning area has the typical climate characteristic of 'two seasons are insufficient and one season is more', so that most of the planting systems are one year and one season, and only one season of crops, such as corn, rice and the like, are planted. Spring sowing time is generally around fifty one, harvesting period starts from the middle and the last ten days of September, and national day is basically ended before and after the festival. The crops can have an effective growth period of more than one month after being harvested, and the soil is unfrozen before being sowed in spring and has a time of more than one month, so that idle time of nearly three months is reserved for agricultural production, a large amount of land and light and temperature resources are wasted, and accumulated temperature above 0 ℃ is caused to be not utilized. Therefore, it is more and more important to utilize the idle period of crop growth, adjust the planting structure, develop the planting structure and the cultivation technology which fully utilize the labor resources and promote the income increase of farmers.
The red vegetable moss is one of the special fresh vegetables in south China in winter and spring, is low temperature resistant, can germinate at 2-3 ℃, and is generally sown in autumn and harvested in winter and spring. The main edible part is the tender flower stem of the nutrient body, and the skin is thin, crisp and tender, the taste is sweet and the nutritive value is high. The axillary buds have strong germination capacity and are easy to flower, the number of the side mosses produced per plant in autumn sowing in the south can be as many as 20-30, the yield is high, and the yield per mu can reach more than 2000 kilograms. The variety of fresh vegetables in winter and spring in Liaoning area is less, the local yield is less, and the planting and production of the red laver can effectively relieve the problems of less varieties of vegetables in winter and spring and make up for the shortage of market supply. However, the red vegetable moss is mainly sown in autumn, no technology for planting in spring exists, and a set of cultivation technology for spring sowing needs to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The method improves the land harvest index and increases the income of farmers by fully utilizing the idle time of the land in Liaoning area, sows red rape moss, spring-sowed cabbage type double-low spring rape and summer-sowed cabbage type double-low feed rape in early spring, develops multiple purposes of vegetable, flower, honey, seed, feed and the like for two-season rape, increases the planting benefit of the rape, achieves a three-cropping high-yield and high-efficiency crop cultivation mode and a comprehensive utilization method, fully utilizes the land resources, promotes ecological tourism, improves the planting economic benefit and promotes the construction of beautiful countryside.
The invention provides a method for replanting red vegetable moss, spring rape and feed rape in Liaoning area, which comprises the following steps: sowing red vegetable moss in early spring: a. preparing soil before winter and before sowing, preparing soil and fertilizing in 11-15-12-5 days in the first year; preparing soil again at 2-24 days of the next year; b. sowing in time, wherein the average temperature is 2-3 ℃ in 25 days in 2 months to 28 days in 2 months, freezing in the daytime and at night, when the ground surface is frozen by 5-6cm, sowing red vegetable moss No. two with continuous moss, opening a deep groove of 8-10cm and sowing at the bottom of the groove when sowing, wherein the sowing row spacing is 25-30m, the sowing amount per mu is 200 plus one gram, 8-10kg of urea is applied along with the number of seeds per mu, covering soil of 1-2cm, and covering a white mulching film after spraying and watering; c. managing and harvesting leaf vegetables in the seedling stage, breaking membranes after seedling emergence for 15-20 days, ventilating, uncovering the membranes after 25-30 days, thinning seedlings according to plant-row spacing of 12-15cm multiplied by 20-25cm after 4 months, 10 days to 4 months and 15 days, and harvesting the leaf vegetables; d. field management, wherein irrigation is carried out for 15 days in 4 months to 20 days in 4 months according to the soil moisture content, fertilization is carried out along with water, and 5-8kg of urea is applied per mu; e. harvesting the red vegetable moss, and harvesting the vegetable red vegetable moss from 25 days in 4 months to 5 days in 5 months; f. returning the straws to the field; ② sowing cabbage type double low spring rape in spring: a. soil preparation, namely immediately preparing soil after the red vegetable moss is harvested; b. sowing in time of emergency, immediately sowing the cabbage type double low spring rape after soil preparation, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3cm, the sowing row spacing is 25-30cm, the sowing amount per mu is 350-; c. timely final singling, and removing weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, mixed seedlings and dense seedlings when 2-3 true leaves are planted; when 4-5 true leaves are planted, the seedlings are fixed according to the plant spacing of 5-6 cm; d. weed control; e. enhancing water and fertilizer management; f. pest control; g. harvesting rapeseeds, and harvesting rapeseeds from 20 days in 7 months to 30 days in 7 months; ③ sowing cabbage type double-low feed rape in summer: a. ploughing and applying base fertilizer, ploughing and applying fertilizer after the spring rape is harvested, and ploughing again after 5-8 d; b. sowing in time, namely sowing the cabbage type double-low feed rape in 10 days in 8 months to 15 days in 8 months, wherein the sowing depth is 1.5-2.5cm, the sowing row spacing is 25-30cm, the sowing amount per mu is 300 plus one 400g, and 8-10kg of urea is applied along with the planting per mu; c. weed prevention and control; d. final singling, wherein after seedling emergence lasts for 30-40d, final singling is carried out according to the plant spacing of 5-6 cm; e. harvesting rape bolts, and harvesting rape main bolts from 10 months 20 days to 11 months 20 days; f. enhancing water and fertilizer management; g. pest control; h. and (4) harvesting and ensiling the feed rape, wherein the feed rape is harvested and ensiled before the cold injury symptom appears in 25 days in 11 months to 30 days in 11 months.
The invention preferably comprises the steps of preparing soil before winter and before sowing in the early spring sowed red vegetable moss: ploughing at the depth of 25-30cm in the first year at 11-12-15 days, and fertilizing farmyard manure 3000-4000kg, diammonium 10-15kg and potassium sulfate 10-15kg per mu; ploughing again at the next year of 2 months, 18 days to 2 months and 24 days, with the ploughing depth of 10-15 cm.
The invention preferably selects the seed dressing and disinfection by 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder before sowing in the early spring sowed red vegetable moss, and the dosage is 0.5 to 0.6 percent of the weight of the seeds; and (3) during sowing, mixing the disinfected seeds with dry fine sand according to the volume ratio of 1: 20-25, mixing evenly and sowing.
The invention preferably uses the high smart seed coating agent for seed dressing before sowing in the spring sowing cabbage type double low spring rape, and the weight ratio of the high smart seed coating agent to the seeds is 1: 25-30.
The invention preferably adopts the following steps of weed control in the spring sowing brassica napus in low spring season: spraying with water mixed with acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate for control within 3 days after sowing; at the 3-4 leaf stage, the herba Gei aleppici is mixed with water for spraying for prevention and treatment; spraying high Teke water at the leaf stage of 6; the steps for enhancing the management of the water and the fertilizer are as follows: irrigating according to the soil moisture content, keeping the water content of the soil at 70-80%, and fertilizing with water; applying a seedling raising fertilizer in the seedling stage: 5-7.5kg of urea is applied per mu; fertilizing in a bud and tongue stage: 5-7.5kg of urea, 5-7.5kg of potassium chloride and 1.5-2kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each mu; fertilizing in the flowering period: applying 1.5-2kg of urea and 1-1.5kg of monopotassium phosphate to each mu; fertilizing in the development stage of siliques: applying 1-1.5kg of urea and 0.5-0.75kg of monopotassium phosphate to each mu; spraying a boron fertilizer: spraying 0.1-0.2% borax or 0.1-0.2% boric acid on leaf surface at seedling stage and bolting stage respectively; the steps of pest control are as follows: when cabbage caterpillar occurs in the whole field, larvae are 2-3 years old, and chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution is added with water for spraying control; when the aphid rate reaches 8%, the imidacloprid wettable powder is mixed with water for spraying for prevention and treatment.
The invention preferably comprises the following steps of plowing and base fertilizer application in the summer sowing cabbage type double-low feed rape: ploughing spring rape after harvesting to reach a ploughing depth of 30-40cm, fertilizing farmyard manure 2500-3000kg per mu, diammonium 8-10kg, potassium sulfate 8-10kg, and ploughing after 8-10 days to reach a ploughing depth of 10-20 cm.
The invention preferably selects that 10-12mL fipronil is used for dressing seeds in each mu of land 2-3 days before sowing in the summer sowing cabbage type double-low feed rape.
The invention preferably adopts the following steps of preventing and controlling weeds in the summer sowing cabbage type double low feed rape: and 3-5 days before sowing, the Gelidonii and prometryn wettable powder are mixed with water for spraying control.
The invention preferably selects the steps of enhancing the water and fertilizer management in the summer sowing cabbage type double-low feed rape as follows: irrigating according to the soil moisture content, keeping the water content of the soil at 70-80%, and fertilizing with water, wherein 8-10kg of urea is applied per mu; the steps of pest control are as follows: when cabbage caterpillar occurs in the field, the larva is 2-3 years old, and deltamethrin emulsifiable solution is mixed with water for spraying control.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method breaks through the characteristics and advantages of the double cropping method limit and the crop rotation mode in the Liaoning area, rewrites the original once-ripe planting history in the Liaoning area, realizes three-ripe-one-year, fully utilizes the land space, light, temperature, water and fertilizer resources all the year round, establishes the scientific crop rotation system of the direct seeding red cabbage moss-cabbage type double low spring rape-cabbage type double low feed rape with simple operation and convenient management, adjusts and optimizes the crop planting structure, increases the green coverage period of the land for 3 months, protects the ecological environment and improves the land utilization rate and the cropping index.
The method has the advantages that the original red vegetable moss sowed in autumn in south is introduced and popularized to the north, local early spring sowing is successfully realized, the eating method of the moss after front leaves is realized, the application of the red vegetable moss is widened, the problems that fewer fresh vegetables, especially fewer green leaf vegetables exist in spring in Liaoning areas are solved, the supply of vegetable markets in the north is enriched, the residual branches and leaves generated in the growth process of the red vegetable moss and the final straws are turned and returned to the field, the soil nutrients are increased, and the soil structure is improved.
The spring-sown cabbage type double-low spring rape and the summer-sown cabbage type double-low feed rape respectively have rape flowering periods of about one month after the middle and last ten days of 6 months and 10 middle and late days, become important tourism resources, increase ornamental flower varieties in summer and autumn, promote the construction of rural tourism and beautiful countryside, in addition, bees can be raised in the flowering periods, the feed rape can be processed into high-quality silage suitable for different animals after being harvested, and the feed rape has an important promotion effect on preventing snow disasters, combining farming and grazing and driving the synchronous development of pasture processing industry and animal husbandry.
The method of the invention is a full-use direct seeding method, saves the links of seedling raising, seedling pulling, seedling planting, root fixing water pouring and the like, realizes mechanical harvesting, and reduces the labor intensity and the production cost.
The method comprehensively utilizes the red vegetable moss and the two-season rape to comprehensively develop vegetables, seeds, flowers, honey, feed, fertilizer and the like, contributes strength to vegetable basket engineering, promotes rural tourism, solves the problem of high-quality coarse fodder of herbivorous animals, promotes income increase of farmers, is far greater than the benefit of single-season planting, and greatly promotes agricultural structure adjustment and development mode conversion by the tourism benefit, the feeding benefit and the ecological benefit.
Detailed Description
The following non-limiting examples are presented to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
A method for replanting red rape bolts, spring rape and feed rape in Liaoning area comprises the following steps:
seeding red vegetable moss in early spring
a. Soil preparation before winter and before sowing
The soil is a material basis for the growth of the red vegetable moss, and scientific and reasonable soil cultivation can create proper soil environment conditions for the growth and development of the red vegetable moss, reduce the unnecessary consumption of water and nutrients, ensure early, uniform and even seedling emergence and lay a good foundation for the high yield and harvest of the red vegetable moss;
mechanically deep ploughing at 11 months and 25 days in the first year, removing stubbles, ploughing at the depth of 30cm, fertilizing 4000kg of farmyard manure, 15kg of diammonium and 15kg of potassium sulfate per mu, and wetting soil moisture for overwintering;
and the air temperature rises again in the spring of 20 days 2 months next year, the surface soil begins to thaw, and is ploughed shallowly again to a depth of 10cm, hardening is broken, soil seams are closed, capillaries are cut off, soil preparation and moisture preservation are carried out, good moisture content is ensured during sowing, the soil is in a loose, broken and flat state to be sowed, the effects of early seedling emergence, uniform seedlings and uniform seedlings are achieved, and a foundation is laid for later-stage management.
b. Time-robbing seeding
2, 24 days in 2 months, the average temperature is 2 ℃, the red vegetable moss is frozen in the daytime and the night, when the ground surface is frozen by 5cm, the red vegetable moss with the moss in two numbers is sown, the moss shape is uniform, the moss leaves are small, the interval between the main moss and the side moss is short, the germination rate of the seeds is more than 85%, the thousand seed weight is 1.5g, 50% carbendazim wettable powder is used for seed dressing and disinfection before sowing, the dosage is 0.5% of the weight of the seeds, a groove with the depth of 9cm is formed and sown at the bottom of the groove, the soil is covered for 2cm, the sowing row spacing is 25cm, the mu sowing amount is 250g, and the disinfected seeds and the dry fine sand are sow: 20, uniformly mixing and sowing, wherein only the vegetative stems, leaves and tender flower stems are obtained, the vegetative stems and leaves can be fertilized again, 10kg of urea is fertilized with each mu of the plant, and after the plant is sprayed with water, a white mulching film is covered, and the heat preservation and the soil moisture preservation are carried out, so that the growth season is selected, the vegetative growth period is prolonged, and the plant is fully developed;
c. management and harvesting of leaf vegetables in seedling stage
The early spring temperature is low, the time required from sowing to seedling emergence is long, 3 months and 5 days are used for seedling emergence, 3 months and 20 days are properly subjected to membrane rupture and ventilation, 4 months and 5 days are used for membrane uncovering, 4 months and 12 days are used for thinning according to the row spacing of 15cm multiplied by 30cm, 15000 seedlings and 30000 seedlings are fixedly planted per mu, harvested, the plant height is 15-25cm, the stem base part is 0.8-1cm thick, the weight is 12-20g, and 400kg is harvested in total, so that the leaf vegetables are developed into leaf vegetables which are crisp, tender, fresh and sweet when eaten, and are quite delicious, and 1600 yuan is harvested in total according to 4 yuan per kg, so that the situation that fresh leaf vegetables in spring are insufficient can be improved, the supply of vegetable markets is enriched, and a considerable economic income can be realized;
d. management of field
The soil is moist and the base fertilizer is sufficient in the early growth stage of the whole red vegetable moss, and no additional water and fertilizer management is needed;
after 4 months and 15 days, the evaporation capacity of the soil is increased along with the continuous rise of the air temperature, the water requirement of the red vegetable moss is large, irrigation is carried out according to the soil moisture content, fertilizer application is carried out along with water, and 5kg of urea is applied per mu;
the growth period is in spring, the temperature is low, the plant diseases and insect pests are less, additional plant disease and insect pest management is not needed, and pure natural and pollution-free green cultivation and management are achieved;
e. harvesting of red vegetable moss
Harvesting the red laver in the amount of 5 yuan per kilogram, wherein each red laver can produce 5-8 pieces of side laver, harvesting 3-5 times, and harvesting 30-40g in total, and the yield per mu can reach 500kg, and the income can reach 2500 yuan per kilogram in total according to 5 yuan per kilogram;
f. returning the straws to the field;
3000kg of straws per mu are used as high-quality organic fertilizers to be buried in the field, so that soil organic matters are increased, the soil structure is improved, and the use of chemical fertilizers is reduced;
② spring sowing cabbage type double low spring rape
a. Soil preparation
After the red vegetable moss is harvested, deep ploughing is carried out immediately, the ploughing depth is 40cm, the residual branches, fallen leaves and straws are deeply buried in the soil, and the harrows are carried out after ploughing, so that the soil is in a loose, crushed and flat state to be sowed;
because the prior stubble has enough base fertilizer, the growth period of the red vegetable moss is short, and the straws are returned to the field, the base fertilizer is not applied;
b. time-robbing seeding
After land leveling, mechanically sowing the cabbage type double low spring rape immediately, wherein the germination rate is more than 85 percent, before sowing, dressing the seeds by using a high-tech seed coating agent, and the weight ratio of the high-tech seed coating agent to the seeds is 1: 30, preventing and controlling the damage of the early-stage pests and strengthening seedlings, wherein the sowing depth is 2cm, the sowing row spacing is 30cm, the sowing amount per mu is 300g, and 6kg of urea is applied along with the sowing per mu, so that the rape can obtain quick-acting nutrients in the seedling stage in time to form a strong root system, and the rape is pressed to preserve soil moisture after being sowed;
the yield is reduced when the sowing depth is too deep and too shallow, the sowing is too deep, the embryo soil breaking and seedling emergence process is longer, the energy consumption is large, and weak seedlings are easy to form; seeding is too shallow, the water content changes violently day and night, and the safe seedling emergence cannot be ensured;
when the soil moisture content is insufficient, sprinkling irrigation is carried out to form soil moisture, so that the germination of seeds is promoted, and the seedling emergence, seedling alignment and seedling growth are facilitated;
c. timely final singling
Spring rape has a short vegetative growth period, is properly densely planted, increases the yield by density, saves fertilizer by density, controls grass by density by a density machine, and pulls out weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, mixed plants and dense seedlings when 2-3 main leaves are planted;
when 4-5 true leaves are planted, the seedlings are fixed according to the plant spacing of 5 cm;
d. weed control
The growth period of the spring rape is just in the spring and summer, the grass injury is serious, the key control is needed, and the control is carried out by adding water into the acetochlor emulsifiable solution and spraying within 3 days after sowing;
at the 3-4 leaf stage, the Gelidium can be mixed with water and sprayed to prevent and control gramineous weeds;
at the 6-leaf stage, spraying high tek water to prevent and control broadleaf weeds;
e. enhanced liquid manure management
Irrigating according to the soil moisture content, keeping the water content of the soil at 80%, and putting emphasis on the bud coating period, the flowering period and the silique development period to improve the thousand-grain weight and the oil content of the rapeseed, and fertilizing with water;
applying a seedling raising fertilizer in the seedling stage: 5kg of urea is applied per mu;
fertilizing in a bud and tongue stage: 7.5kg of urea, 7.5kg of potassium chloride and 2kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each mu;
fertilizing in the flowering period: applying 2kg of urea and 1kg of monopotassium phosphate to each mu;
fertilizing in the development stage of siliques: 1.5kg of urea and 0.75kg of monopotassium phosphate are applied to each mu;
spraying a boron fertilizer: spraying 0.2% boric acid on leaf surface at seedling stage and bolting stage respectively;
f. pest control
In spring sowing and spring sowing, rape generally has serious insect damage and relatively light disease, cabbage caterpillars are mainly controlled in the early stage, when the cabbage caterpillars in the whole field occur, larvae are 2-3 years old, and chlorpyrifos missible oil is mixed with water for spraying control;
when the aphid rate reaches 8%, the imidacloprid wettable powder is mixed with water for spraying prevention and control;
g. harvesting of rapeseed
The growth process of spring rape planted in Liaoning area is accelerated, the growth period is shortened, rape seeds are harvested in time in sunny days of 7 months and 25 days, the efficiency is improved, the yield per mu can reach 150kg, and the thousand seeds weigh 3 g;
summer sowing cabbage type double-low feed rape
a. Ploughing and applying base fertilizer
Deep ploughing and ploughing the harvested cabbage type double-low spring rape to a depth of 40cm, deeply burying the fallen rape seeds underground to inhibit germination, applying sufficient base fertilizer, applying 3000kg of farmyard manure, 10kg of diammonium and 10kg of potassium sulfate to each mu of rape, ploughing the rape seeds shallowly after 8 days to a depth of 15cm, and removing the germinated rape seeds fallen in the previous season;
b. time-robbing seeding
Avoiding adverse effects of high temperature, drought and rain at the bottom of 7 months and at the beginning of 8 months on the growth of the rape, mechanically sowing the cabbage type double-low feed rape 3 days before sowing, dressing seeds with 10mL of fipronil per mu of land, airing for later use, preventing and controlling underground and seedling-stage pests, wherein the sowing depth is 2cm, the sowing row spacing is 30cm, the mu sowing quantity is 300g, 10kg of urea is applied along with the mu of seeds, and furrow irrigation is performed when the soil moisture is insufficient to promote the germination of seeds so as to be beneficial to the emergence of seedlings, the alignment of seedlings and the growth of seedlings;
c. weed prevention and control
The growth stage of the feed rape is just at the late summer and the early autumn, the weed damage is serious, the water-mixed spraying control is carried out by using the Gelidonium and prometryn wettable powder 3 days before sowing, the growth of the feed rape is faster than that of weeds along with the gradual reduction of the air temperature in the later period, and the weeds can not be controlled any more;
d. final singling
Harvesting the summer-sowed rape mainly in winter to be used as a feed, properly and densely planting, and after emergence of seedlings for 30 days, fixing seedlings according to the plant spacing of 5 cm;
e. harvesting of rape bolts
Bolting starts 10 months and 10 days, harvesting rape main bolts, wherein the yield per mu can reach 400kg, and the rape main bolts can be collected into 2400 yuan per kg by 6 yuan;
f. enhanced liquid manure management
The feed rape is resistant to fertilizer and not drought, irrigation is carried out according to the soil moisture content, the water content of the soil is kept at 80 percent, fertilization is carried out along with water, and 10kg of urea is applied per mu;
g. pest control
When the cabbage caterpillars in the field occur, the larvae are 2-3 years old, and deltamethrin missible oil is mixed with water for spraying prevention;
h. harvesting and ensiling cabbage type double-low feed rape
And harvesting and ensiling the cabbage type double-low feed rape before the occurrence of the freeze injury symptom in 11 months and 28 days, wherein the height of each plant can reach 70cm, the base leaves are thick and strong, the stem base part is thick and can reach 1.5cm, the leaves are thick, the yield per plant can reach 200g, the yield per mu can reach 5t, the price of high-quality feed is 300 yuan, and the total income is 1500 yuan.
Claims (9)
1. A method for replanting red vegetable moss, spring rape and feed rape in Liaoning area is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
seeding red vegetable moss in early spring
a. Soil preparation before winter and before sowing
Preparing soil and applying fertilizer in the first year from 11 months 15 days to 12 months 5 days;
preparing soil again at 2-24 days of the next year;
b. time-robbing seeding
2, 25-2, 28 days in 2 months, average temperature is 2-3 ℃, freezing is carried out in the daytime and the night is lost, when the ground surface is frozen by 5-6cm, red vegetable moss with No. two mosses is sown, a deep groove with 8-10cm is formed and sown at the bottom of the groove during sowing, the sowing row spacing is 25-30m, the sowing quantity per mu is 300g, 8-10kg of urea is applied along with the planting mu, the soil is covered by 1-2cm, and after watering by spraying, a white mulching film is covered;
c. management and harvesting of leaf vegetables in seedling stage
Breaking the film after seedling emergence for 15-20 days, ventilating, uncovering the film after 25-30 days, thinning the seedling for 4 months, 10 days to 4 months, 15 days according to the plant-row spacing of 12-15cm multiplied by 20-25cm, and harvesting the leaf vegetables;
d. management of field
Irrigating for 4 months and 15 days to 4 months and 20 days according to the soil moisture content, applying fertilizer along with water, and applying 5-8kg of urea per mu;
e. harvesting of red vegetable moss
Harvesting the vegetable red vegetable moss from 25 days at 4 months to 5 days at 5 months;
f. straw returning to field
② spring sowing cabbage type double low spring rape
a. Soil preparation
Immediately preparing soil after the red vegetable moss is harvested;
b. time-robbing seeding
Immediately sowing the cabbage type double low spring rape after land preparation, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3cm, the sowing row spacing is 25-30cm, the sowing amount per mu is 350-;
c. timely final singling
Removing weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, mixed plants and dense seedlings when 2-3 true leaves are planted;
when 4-5 true leaves are planted, the seedlings are fixed according to the plant spacing of 5-6 cm;
d. weed control
e. Enhanced liquid manure management
f. Pest control
g. Harvesting of rapeseed
Harvesting rapeseeds from 20 days in 7 months to 30 days in 7 months;
summer sowing cabbage type double-low feed rape
a. Ploughing and applying base fertilizer
Ploughing and fertilizing after the spring rape is harvested, and ploughing again after 5-8 d;
b. time-robbing seeding
Sowing the cabbage type double-low feed rape in 10 days in 8 months to 15 days in 8 months, wherein the sowing depth is 1.5-2.5cm, the sowing row spacing is 25-30cm, the sowing amount per mu is 300-;
c. weed prevention and control
d. Final singling
After seedling emergence for 30-40 days, performing final singling according to the plant spacing of 5-6 cm;
e. harvesting of rape bolts
Harvesting rape main moss from 20 days 10 months to 20 days 11 months;
f. enhanced liquid manure management
g. Pest control
h. Harvesting and ensiling fodder rape
And harvesting and ensiling the feed rape before the occurrence of the freeze injury symptom in 25 days at 11 months to 30 days at 11 months.
2. The method of replanting red rape bolts, spring rape and fodder rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step of land preparation before winter and before sowing in the red laver sowed in early spring comprises the following steps:
ploughing at the depth of 25-30cm in the first year at 11-12-15 days, and fertilizing farmyard manure 3000-4000kg, diammonium 10-15kg and potassium sulfate 10-15kg per mu;
ploughing again at the next year of 2 months, 18 days to 2 months and 24 days, with the ploughing depth of 10-15 cm.
3. The method of replanting red rape bolts, spring rape and fodder rape as claimed in claim 2, wherein: seed dressing and disinfection are carried out by 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder before sowing in the early spring sown red vegetable moss, and the dosage is 0.5 to 0.6 percent of the weight of the seeds;
and (3) during sowing, mixing the disinfected seeds with dry fine sand according to the volume ratio of 1: 20-25, mixing evenly and sowing.
4. The method of replanting red rape, spring rape and fodder rape as claimed in claim 3 in Liaoning area, wherein: before sowing in the spring sowing cabbage type double-low spring rape, dressing seeds by using a high-tech seed coating agent, wherein the weight ratio of the high-tech seed coating agent to the seeds is 1: 25-30.
5. The method of replanting red rape bolts, spring rape bolts and forage rape bolts as recited in claim 4, wherein: the steps of weed control in spring sowing of the cabbage type double low spring rape are as follows:
spraying with water mixed with acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate for control within 3 days after sowing;
at the 3-4 leaf stage, the herba Gei aleppici is mixed with water for spraying for prevention and treatment;
spraying high Teke water at the leaf stage of 6;
the steps for enhancing the management of the water and the fertilizer are as follows:
irrigating according to the soil moisture content, keeping the water content of the soil at 70-80%, and fertilizing with water;
applying a seedling raising fertilizer in the seedling stage: 5-7.5kg of urea is applied per mu;
fertilizing in a bud and tongue stage: 5-7.5kg of urea, 5-7.5kg of potassium chloride and 1.5-2kg of calcium superphosphate are applied to each mu;
fertilizing in the flowering period: applying 1.5-2kg of urea and 1-1.5kg of monopotassium phosphate to each mu;
fertilizing in the development stage of siliques: applying 1-1.5kg of urea and 0.5-0.75kg of monopotassium phosphate to each mu;
spraying a boron fertilizer: spraying 0.1-0.2% borax or 0.1-0.2% boric acid on leaf surface at seedling stage and bolting stage respectively;
the steps of pest control are as follows:
when cabbage caterpillar occurs in the whole field, larvae are 2-3 years old, and chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution is added with water for spraying control;
when the aphid rate reaches 8%, the imidacloprid wettable powder is mixed with water for spraying for prevention and treatment.
6. The method of replanting red rape, spring rape and fodder rape as claimed in claim 5 in Liaoning area, wherein: the method for ploughing and applying base fertilizer in the summer sowing of the cabbage type double-low feed rape comprises the following steps:
ploughing spring rape after harvesting to reach a ploughing depth of 30-40cm, fertilizing farmyard manure 2500-3000kg per mu, diammonium 8-10kg, potassium sulfate 8-10kg, and ploughing after 8-10 days to reach a ploughing depth of 10-20 cm.
7. The method of replanting red rape, spring rape and fodder rape as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the wild cabbage type double-low feed rape sowed in summer is dressed with 10-12mL of fipronil per mu of land 2-3 days before sowing.
8. The method of replanting red rape bolts, spring rape bolts and forage rape bolts as recited in claim 7, wherein: the steps of preventing and controlling weeds in the summer sowing cabbage type double-low feed rape are as follows:
and 3-5 days before sowing, the Gelidonii and prometryn wettable powder are mixed with water for spraying control.
9. The method of replanting brassica campestris, brassica campestris and brassica campestris in the liaison area, as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the method for enhancing the water and fertilizer management in summer sowing of the cabbage type double-low feed rape comprises the following steps:
irrigating according to the soil moisture content, keeping the water content of the soil at 70-80%, and fertilizing with water, wherein 8-10kg of urea is applied per mu;
the steps of pest control are as follows:
when cabbage caterpillar occurs in the field, the larva is 2-3 years old, and deltamethrin emulsifiable solution is mixed with water for spraying control.
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| CN112400631A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-02-26 | 大连工业大学 | Method for cultivating two kinds of three-harvest multipurpose utilized double-low cabbage type rape |
| CN114158438A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-11 | 大连工业大学 | Method for open cultivation of southern red vegetable moss in northern autumn and winter |
| CN114158437A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-11 | 大连工业大学 | Efficient cultivation method of cabbage type double-low rape and application of efficient cultivation method in saline-alkali soil |
| CN115589919A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2023-01-13 | 大连工业大学（Cn） | Cultivation mode for prolonging flowering period of rape and efficiently and comprehensively utilizing rape |
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