CN110393120A - A method for breeding and cultivating cherry seedlings suitable for planting in the alpine mountainous area of Guangxi - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to cherry technical field of cultivation, particularly a kind of suitable kind in the cherry sapling multiplication breeding method of Guangxi high and cold mountain area.It is a kind of suitable kind in the cherry sapling multiplication breeding method of Guangxi high and cold mountain area, include the following steps: the acquisition and processing of (1) stock seed；(2) low temperature sand storage vernalization；(3) hardening；(4) nursery selection and prepartion of land；(5) young shoot is transplanted to nursery and management and (6) and grafts and transplants.The present inventor is cultivated by the cherry wild species-Guangxi mountain cherry grown using Guangxi as stock, by sowing of growing directly from seeds, the graft stock as ultrashort low temperature kind and short low temperature kind cherry；Rapid with the growth of seedling of Guangxi mountain cherry presprouting of seeds nursery according to test, current year is i.e. graftable, and has well-grown with the nursery stock after the stock grafting, and healedmyocardial good, the natural dwarfing of interface is as a result early；It is suitable for Guangxi alpine region weather soil.

Description

A method for breeding and cultivating cherry seedlings suitable for planting in the alpine mountainous area of Guangxi

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of cherry cultivation, in particular to a method for breeding and cultivating cherry seedlings suitable for planting in the alpine mountainous area of Guangxi.

Background technique

Cherry is the Chinese name for Acirola cherry. It is native to tropical America, West Indies, and the Caribbean, so it is also called West Indian cherry. Sweet cherry is also one of the earliest mature tree species among deciduous fruit trees. It is known as "the first fruit in early spring". All fresh cherry varieties with commercial value have been praised as a treasure among fruits. The current market is in short supply and has high economic value.

Cherry fruit is bright in color, crystal clear and beautiful, soft and delicious, rich in nutrition, sweet and sour, etc., and has extremely high commercial value. At present, most of the commercial cherries in Guangxi and even South China are imported from abroad or transported from Shandong, Liaoning and other places in China. The cost is high, and the long-distance transportation itself is harmful to the commerciality of cherries. If we can cultivate cherry varieties suitable for planting in the alpine mountainous areas of Guangxi, it will be of great significance to the formation of the cherry industry in Guangxi and the economic development of high-altitude areas. However, it has not been successfully introduced in Guangxi at present, especially the difficulty in selecting suitable rootstocks and the short and low temperature varieties suitable for the climate in Guangxi are important restrictive factors.

There are more than 600 varieties of sweet cherry in the world, which are suitable for planting in temperate and tropical climates. The climatic conditions of the growing place should meet the accumulated temperature of 2600-2800°C greater than 10°C, and the number of days with an average day and night temperature higher than 5°C is about 110-115 days. The annual rainfall shall not exceed 1000mm. And it has a strong light-loving property and needs more calcium. It should be cultivated in areas with thicker soil layers, low groundwater levels, and good soil drainage and ventilation. Cherry flowering and fruiting requires a certain low temperature to induce flower bud differentiation, so it is difficult to cultivate in Guangxi, and using the wild species of Chinese cherry grown locally in Guangxi as rootstock solves the primary condition for planting cherries in Guangxi. The longer low temperature time also provides the possibility for cherry flower bud differentiation.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding and cultivating cherry seedlings suitable for planting in the alpine mountainous area of Guangxi.

The technical scheme provided by the present invention is:

A method for breeding and cultivating cherry seedlings suitable for being planted in the alpine mountainous area of Guangxi, comprising the steps of:

(1) Collection and processing of rootstock seeds: at the end of April to the beginning of May, use the rootstock as the mother tree for seed collection. After picking the fruit, immediately put it into clean water and scrub it to remove the pulp, remove the fruit stems, remove the seeds, and dry them in the air;

(2) Germination in low-temperature sand storage: After passing the fine river sand through a 1mm sieve, soak and wash it with boiling water for 2-3 times, and then dry it. After mixing with river sand, put it on a tray or a seedling tray and cultivate it at a low temperature of 4-6°C for 35-40 days, keep the water, pay attention to frost in the early stage; put it at room temperature to germinate after 40 days;

(3) Seedling hardening: after germination, when the height is 4-5cm, move the germinated rootstock sprouts out of the indoor environment, and increase the light intensity, and slowly increase the light intensity until it is consistent with the external environment. The hardening time is 8-10 sky;

(4) Seedling site selection and land leveling: Since the low-temperature germination is in July and August, it is necessary to build a north-south shade net arch shed after the seeds germinate and harden the seedlings, and rake the land deeply, and the land should be broken into fine soil particles , so as not to hurt and be unfavorable to the growth of young shoots, according to the terrain, a ridge with a width of 1.6m is formed, and the bactericidal liquid is sprayed to prevent the growth of germs;

(5) Transplant the young shoots to the nursery ground and manage them: After the land is deeply plowed and leveled and the seedlings are hardened, transplant the rootstock sprouts to the nursery ground. During the transplanting process, avoid damaging the roots of the young shoots. When transplanting, the distance between plants is 20cm* 20cm, and then cover with a layer of 2-4cm thick substrate, and manage it according to the conventional fertilizer and water;

(6) Grafting and transplanting: Grafting is carried out when the thickness of the rootstock is greater than 0.75cm. It can be grafted from December of the current year to February of the next year. Grafting of ultra-short and low-temperature varieties and short-low temperature varieties can be inspected two weeks after grafting Survival rate, when the height of the budding shoots is greater than 15cm, use a knife to pick apart the bound plastic film, and the management of grafted seedlings is conventional management; when the height of the seedlings is greater than 100cm, they are transplanted out of the nursery.

As preferably, the rootstock described in step (1) is Guangxi wild cherry.

As a preference, the specific operation of the low-temperature sand storage described in step (2) is as follows: the ratio of sand to seeds is 5:1, and a single layer is placed on a tray with a thickness of 6-8cm, and the distance between the seeds and the surface is 2-3cm .

As preferably, the sunshade net described in the step (4) is a 3-pin sunshade net, and the sunshade rate is 80%, and the sunshade net is removed 60 days after the seedlings are transplanted.

Preferably, the sterilizing solution described in step (4) is a 0.05% potassium permanganate solution.

Preferably, the substrate described in step (5) is organic sandy loam soil after spraying and disinfecting with 200-500 times diluted carbendazim.

Preferably, the organic sandy loam is obtained by mixing sandy loam and decomposed organic fertilizer at a ratio of 8:1-6:1.

Preferably, the short-low temperature quality and short-temperature varieties described in step (6) are Meizao, Tourera, Brooks or Labins.

As preferably, the place of transplanting in the step (6) is the high mountain area of Guangxi.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention has is as follows:

The present inventor cultivates the wild species of Chinese cherry grown locally in Guangxi-Cherry cerana as rootstock, and through seed sowing, it is used as the grafting rootstock of ultra-short low-temperature variety and short-low temperature variety cherry; The seedlings of the seedlings grow rapidly and can be grafted in the same year, while the seedlings grafted with the rootstock have good growth, good interface healing, natural dwarfing, and early results; they are suitable for climate soil in high mountainous areas of Guangxi.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific examples.

Embodiment 1 : rootstock germination test

1.1 Test treatment

Seeds of cherry cherry in Guangxi were selected, soaked with different concentrations of gibberellin, and then stratified at low temperature to investigate the germination rate, the number of lateral roots and the root length.

1.2 Test method

The wild cherry seeds are divided into 5 groups, each group has 100 seeds, the first 4 groups are soaked with 0mg/L (clear water), 100mg/L, 200mg/L, and 300mg/L gibberellin for 24 hours, and the last group is CK (dried without treatment) as a control, then placed in a 4°C environment for low-temperature stratification for 40 days, and then placed at room temperature to allow it to germinate completely. Germination rate, number of lateral roots and root length were counted.

1.3 Test Management

routine management.

Table 1 rootstock germination test

It can be seen from Table 1 that the rootstocks of Guangxi cherry tree are subjected to low-temperature stratification without gibberellin soaking, and the germination rate reaches the highest, indicating that it is easier for Guangxi cherry tree to break dormancy. When the concentration of gibberellin is 100mg/L, germination The root ratio and the number of lateral roots reached the second level, and the root length reached the highest level, indicating that 100mg/L gibberellin can improve the root-related advantages of the young shoots of cherry blossoms in Guangxi.

Embodiment 2 : affinity test

2.1 Test treatment

Four varieties of Meizao, Tourella, Brooks and Labins were selected for internal grafting and cultivation, and the survival rate of grafting and the degree of size of feet were investigated.

2.2 Test method

Sow the rootstock seeds of the wild species of Chinese cherry-Cherry cerevisiae in Guangxi, and bud graft when the thickness of the rootstock reaches 0.75cm.

2.3 Test Management

routine management.

Table 2 Grafting affinity test

It can be known from Table 2 that the grafted survival rate of rootstocks of Guangxi cherry blossoms is above 86%, indicating that the rootstocks have good affinity, and the grafted seedlings grow well.

Embodiment 3 :

A method for breeding and cultivating cherry seedlings suitable for being planted in the alpine mountainous area of Guangxi, comprising the steps of:

(1) Collection and processing of rootstock seeds: at the end of April to the beginning of May, use the rootstock as the mother tree for seed collection. After picking the fruit, immediately put it into clean water and scrub it to remove the pulp, remove the fruit stems, remove the seeds, and dry them in the air; The rootstock is Guangxi wild cherry;

(2) Pre-germination in low-temperature sand storage: After passing the fine river sand through a 1mm sieve, soak and wash it twice with boiling water, and then dry it. After mixing the sand, put it on a tray or a seedling tray and cultivate it at a low temperature of 4°C for 35 days, keep the water, and pay attention to frost in the early stage; after 40 days, put it at room temperature to germinate; the specific operation of the low-temperature sand storage is as follows: sand and The seed ratio is 5:1, and a single layer is placed on the tray, the thickness is 6cm, and the distance between the seeds and the surface is 2cm;

(3) Seedling hardening: after germination, when the height was 4cm, the rootstock sprouts that germinated were moved out of the indoor environment, and the light intensity was increased, and the light intensity was slowly increased until consistent with the external environment, and the hardening time was 8 days;

(4) Seedling site selection and land leveling: Since the low-temperature germination is in July and August, it is necessary to build a north-south shade net arch shed after the seeds germinate and harden the seedlings, and rake the land deeply, and the land should be broken into fine soil particles , so as not to injure and be unfavorable for the growth of sapling, form the ridge of wide 1.6m according to the topography, spray sterilizing liquid (concentration is 0.05% potassium permanganate solution) to prevent germ breeding; Described sunshade net is 3 pin sunshade Net, the sunshade rate is 80%, when the seedlings are transplanted 60 days later, remove the sunshade net;

(5) Transplant the young shoots to the nursery ground and manage them: After the land is deeply plowed and leveled and the seedlings are hardened, transplant the rootstock sprouts to the nursery ground. During the transplanting process, avoid damaging the roots of the young shoots. When transplanting, the distance between plants is 20cm* 20cm, then cover a layer of substrate with a thickness of 2cm, and manage it according to conventional fertilizer and water; the substrate is organic sandy loam sprayed with 200 times diluted 50% carbendazim WP after disinfection; the organic sandy loam It is made by mixing sandy loam soil and decomposed organic fertilizer at a ratio of 8:1;

(6) Grafting and transplanting: Grafting is carried out when the thickness of the rootstock is greater than 0.75cm. It can be grafted from December of the current year to February of the next year. Grafting of ultra-short and low-temperature varieties and short-low temperature varieties can be inspected two weeks after grafting Survival rate, when the height of the budding new shoot is greater than 15cm, use a knife to pick apart the bound plastic film, and the management of grafted seedlings is conventional management; when the height of the seedlings is greater than 100cm, they are transplanted out of the nursery; the short-low temperature quality and short-low temperature varieties It is Meizao, Turrela, Brooks or Labins; the transplanting site is in the high mountainous area of Guangxi.

Embodiment 4 :

A method for breeding and cultivating cherry seedlings suitable for being planted in the alpine mountainous area of Guangxi, comprising the steps of:

(1) Collection and processing of rootstock seeds: at the end of April to the beginning of May, use the rootstock as the mother tree for seed collection. After picking the fruit, immediately put it into clean water and scrub it to remove the pulp, remove the fruit stems, remove the seeds, and dry them in the air; The rootstock is Guangxi wild cherry;

(2) Pre-germination in low-temperature sand storage: Pass the fine river sand through a 1mm sieve, soak and wash it with boiling water for 3 times, and then dry it. After the sand is mixed, put it on a tray or a seedling tray and cultivate it at a low temperature of 6°C for 40 days, keep the moisture, and pay attention to frost in the early stage; after 40 days, put it at room temperature to germinate; the specific operation of the low-temperature sand storage is as follows: sand and The seed ratio is 5:1, and a single layer is placed on the tray, the thickness is 8cm, and the distance between the seeds and the surface is 2-3cm;

(3) Seedling hardening: after germination, when the height was 5cm, the rootstock sprouts that germinated were moved out of the indoor environment, and the light intensity was increased, and the light intensity was slowly increased until consistent with the external environment, and the hardening time was 10 days;

(4) Seedling site selection and land leveling: Since the low-temperature germination is in July and August, it is necessary to build a north-south shade net arch shed after the seeds germinate and harden the seedlings, and rake the land deeply, and the land should be broken into fine soil particles , so as not to injure and be unfavorable for the growth of sapling, form the ridge of wide 1.6m according to the topography, spray sterilizing liquid (concentration is 0.05% potassium permanganate solution) to prevent germ breeding; Described sunshade net is 3 pin sunshade Net, the sunshade rate is 80%, when the seedlings are transplanted 60 days later, remove the sunshade net;

(5) Transplant the young shoots to the nursery ground and manage them: After the land is deeply plowed and leveled and the seedlings are hardened, transplant the rootstock sprouts to the nursery ground. During the transplanting process, avoid damaging the roots of the young shoots. When transplanting, the distance between plants is 20cm* 20cm, then cover a layer of substrate with a thickness of 4cm, and manage it according to conventional fertilizer and water; the substrate is the organic sandy loam after spraying and disinfecting with 50% carbendazim WP diluted 500 times; the organic sandy loam It is made by mixing sandy loam soil and decomposed organic fertilizer at a ratio of 6:1;

(6) Grafting and transplanting: Grafting is carried out when the thickness of the rootstock is greater than 0.75cm. It can be grafted from December of the current year to February of the next year. Grafting of ultra-short and low-temperature varieties and short-low temperature varieties can be inspected two weeks after grafting Survival rate, when the height of the budding new shoot is greater than 15cm, use a knife to pick apart the bound plastic film, and the management of grafted seedlings is conventional management; when the height of the seedlings is greater than 100cm, they are transplanted out of the nursery; the short-low temperature quality and short-low temperature varieties It is Meizao, Turrela, Brooks or Labins; the transplanting site is in the high mountainous area of Guangxi.

Embodiment 5 :

A method for breeding and cultivating cherry seedlings suitable for being planted in the alpine mountainous area of Guangxi, comprising the steps of:

(1) Collection and processing of rootstock seeds: at the end of April to the beginning of May, use the rootstock as the mother tree for seed collection. After picking the fruit, immediately put it into clean water and scrub it to remove the pulp, remove the fruit stems, remove the seeds, and dry them in the air; The rootstock is Guangxi wild cherry;

(2) Pre-germination in low-temperature sand storage: After passing the fine river sand through a 0.2mm sieve, soak and wash it with boiling water for 3 times, and then dry it. After mixing river sand, put it on a tray or a seedling tray and cultivate it at a low temperature of 4°C for 35 days to keep the water, and pay attention to frost in the early stage; after 40 days, put it at room temperature to germinate; the specific operation of the low-temperature sand storage is as follows: The ratio to the seeds is 5:1, and the single layer is placed on the tray, the thickness is 8cm, and the seeds are 2cm away from the surface;

(3) Seedling hardening: after germination, when the height was 5cm, the rootstock sprouts that germinated were moved out of the indoor environment, and the light intensity was increased, and the light intensity was slowly increased until consistent with the external environment, and the hardening time was 10 days;

(4) Seedling site selection and land leveling: Since the low-temperature germination is in July and August, it is necessary to build a north-south shade net arch shed after the seeds germinate and harden the seedlings, and rake the land deeply, and the land should be broken into fine soil particles , so as not to injure and be unfavorable for the growth of sapling, form the ridge of wide 1.6m according to the topography, spray sterilizing liquid (concentration is 0.05% potassium permanganate solution) to prevent germ breeding; Described sunshade net is 3 pin sunshade Net, the sunshade rate is 80%, when the seedlings are transplanted 60 days later, remove the sunshade net;

(5) Transplant the young shoots to the nursery ground and manage them: After the land is deeply plowed and leveled and the seedlings are hardened, transplant the rootstock sprouts to the nursery ground. During the transplanting process, avoid damaging the roots of the young shoots. When transplanting, the distance between plants is 20cm* 20cm, then cover a layer of substrate with a thickness of 3cm, and manage it according to conventional fertilizer and water; the substrate is the organic sandy loam soil after spraying and disinfecting with 50% carbendazim WP diluted 400 times; the organic sandy loam soil It is made by mixing sandy loam soil and decomposed organic fertilizer at a ratio of 8:1;

(6) Grafting and transplanting: Grafting is carried out when the thickness of the rootstock is greater than 0.75cm. It can be grafted from December of the current year to February of the next year. Grafting of ultra-short and low-temperature varieties and short-low temperature varieties can be inspected two weeks after grafting Survival rate, when the height of the budding new shoot is greater than 15cm, use a knife to pick apart the bound plastic film, and the management of grafted seedlings is conventional management; when the height of the seedlings is greater than 100cm, they are transplanted out of the nursery; the short-low temperature quality and short-low temperature varieties It is Meizao, Turrela, Brooks or Labins; the transplanting site is in the high mountainous area of Guangxi.

The germination rate of seeds in the cultivation method in the above-mentioned embodiments 3-5 and the number of lateral roots obtained from seedlings and the survival rate of seedlings are counted, and the results are shown in Table 1.

Table 3 Survival rate survey of sweet cherry seedlings

As can be seen from Table 3, the seed germination rate of the method cherry of the present invention is all more than 39.2%, and the seedling side root number is all greater than 37, and the seedling survival rate is all more than 86%.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various Choose and change. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of suitable kind in the cherry sapling multiplication breeding method of Guangxi high and cold mountain area, which comprises the steps of:

(1) it the acquisition and processing of stock seed: at the end of April at the beginning of -5 months, to be immediately placed in using stock as seed collecting elite stand, after fruit picking clear It is washed by rubbing with the hands in water, rubs with the hands and remove pulp, drift is dried except seed is pulled out after carpopodium；

(2) low temperature sand storage vernalization: after thin river sand is crossed 1mm sieve, being impregnated with boiling water and eluriated 2-3 times, dried, and dries degree to use Hand pinch it is agglomerating, touching i.e. dissipate, pallet or seedlings nursing plate are placed on after the seed of acquisition is puddled with river sand and is cultivated under 4-6 DEG C of low temperature 35-40 days, moisture is kept, pays attention to frosting early period；Room temperature germination was placed in 40 days；

(3) hardening: after germination, when height is 4-5cm, the stock young shoot of germination is removed into indoor environment, and it is strong to improve illumination Degree slowly improves light intensity until consistent with external environment, and the hardening time is 8-10 days；

(4) it nursery selection and prepartion of land: due to 7, August part of positive value after low-temperature germination, is needed after germination hardening The sunshade net arched shed for building south-north direction rakes soil deep ploughing, and soil will be broken into fine soil grain, in order to avoid injure and be unfavorable for children The growth of bud is made into the ridge of wide 1.6m by landform, and spraying bactericidal liquid prevents germ from breeding；

(5) young shoot is transplanted to nursery and management: after soil deep ploughing is smooth and hardening, stock young shoot is transplanted to nursery On, transplanting process avoids injuring young shoot root, and when transplanting, then spacing in the rows 20cm*20cm covers the matrix of a thickness 2-4cm, and right It is according to conventional fertilizer and water management；

(6) graft and transplant: when stock rugosity be greater than 0.75cm when grafted, Yu Dangnian December-coming year 2 month can transfer It connects, is grafted with ultrashort low temperature kind and short low temperature kind, can check survival rate within two weeks after connecing, young sprout height is greater than when buddering When 15cm, the plastic film of binding is chosen out with knife, grafting management is Routine Management；It is out of the garden when seedling height is greater than 100cm Transplanting.

2. suitable kind according to claim 1 in the cherry sapling multiplication breeding method of Guangxi high and cold mountain area, which is characterized in that Stock described in step (1) is Guangxi mountain cherry.

3. suitable kind according to claim 1 in the cherry sapling multiplication breeding method of Guangxi high and cold mountain area, which is characterized in that The concrete operations that low temperature sand storage described in step (2) is facilitated are as follows: husky and seed rate is 5:1, and single layer is placed in pallet, thick Degree is 6-8cm, and seed is 2-3cm from surface.

4. suitable kind according to claim 1 in the cherry sapling multiplication breeding method of Guangxi high and cold mountain area, which is characterized in that Sunshade net described in step (4) is 3 needle sunshade nets, and sunshade rate is 80%, removes sunshade net when 60 day after tomorrow of seedling replanting.

5. suitable kind according to claim 1 in the cherry sapling multiplication breeding method of Guangxi high and cold mountain area, which is characterized in that Bactericidal liquid is 0.05% liquor potassic permanganate of concentration in step (4).

6. suitable kind according to claim 1 in the cherry sapling multiplication breeding method of Guangxi high and cold mountain area, which is characterized in that Matrix described in step (5) is with organic sandy loam after 200-500 times of diluted carbendazim spray disinfectant.

7. suitable kind according to claim 6 in the cherry sapling multiplication breeding method of Guangxi high and cold mountain area, which is characterized in that Organic sandy loam is that sandy loam and decomposed manure are mixed by 8:1-6:1.

8. suitable kind according to claim 1 in the cherry sapling multiplication breeding method of Guangxi high and cold mountain area, which is characterized in that Short low temperature quality described in step (6) and short low temperature kind are U.S. morning, Tu Leila, Brooks or Rabin Si.

9. suitable kind according to claim 1 in the cherry sapling multiplication breeding method of Guangxi high and cold mountain area, which is characterized in that The place transplanted in step (6) is Guangxi alpine region.