CN104956869A - Cotton seedling nursing and transplanting method - Google Patents
Cotton seedling nursing and transplanting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104956869A CN104956869A CN201510311548.2A CN201510311548A CN104956869A CN 104956869 A CN104956869 A CN 104956869A CN 201510311548 A CN201510311548 A CN 201510311548A CN 104956869 A CN104956869 A CN 104956869A
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention provides a cotton seedling nursing and transplanting method comprising steps of manufacturing a seed bed, processing seeds, sowing, managing the seed bed and transplating. During the seed bed manufacturing step, a seed bed is leveled and partions are paved on the seed bed; 6 to 9cm thick loosening soil is paved on the seed bed; the soil is sprayed by water with bactericide for future use; during the seed processing step, seeds are dries, soaked and then mixed with accelerating germination agent before sowing; during the seed sowing step, the bed soil is adjusted to enable the water content of the bed soil to be 75 to 85%, and then seeds are evenly sowed one by one; then the seeds are covered by disinfection soil or bed soil; during the seed bed management step, the temperature of the seed bed is controlled to be 20 to 30 DEG C and humidity 70 to 85%; insect pest diseases are timely prevented; during the transplanting step, before transplantation, growth regulator is applied to the seed bed and the seed bed is watered to be humid; and within 24 hours, seed fetching, transplantation and root fixing water application work are finished. By the use of the method, damage to roots can be prevented during transplantation; the method requires low cost; survival rate can reach as high as 95% after plantation; only 2 to 3 days are required for seed rejuvenation period; the seeds can early bud; the transplantation process is simple, easy, safe and reliable; and by the use of the cotton seedling nursing and transplanting method, time and labor use can be reduced and the method is suitable for large field production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop genetics breeding technical field, particularly a kind of cotton seedling raising transplantation method.
Background technology
Existing cotton seedling raising transplantation method mainly contains following five kinds:
First method is field soil/seedbed nursery, and this is the conventional method of various crop seedling raising and transplanting.The system of taproot plant that the main roots such as cotton have comparative advantage, when getting seedling from soil, be difficult to plant after root system damage is more than half and live, after having people to study and apply the technology of the dead seedling of control plant transplantation, stiff seedling the eighties in last century, the survival rate of field soil seedling raising and transplanting is made significantly to improve and shorten seedling-slowing stage.Soil nursery is not owing to limiting by condition, easy and simple to handle, is easy to grasp, and is still the main method of crop seedling so far.The cotton of Tang Guangyin has seedlings and soil, non-soil replanting method, and application for a patent for invention numbers 200810048915.4, also belongs to this Planting Patterns.But because cotton is typical system of taproot plant, in field soil, during seedling raising and transplanting, root system damages the no solution of too much problem, the stiff seedling phenomenon of a large amount of dead seedlings often occurs, causes this short-cut method to be difficult to application success on cotton so far.
Second method is feeding block seedlings raising.This method solve preferably cotton hinder when soil seedbed seedling raising and transplanting root more than half, can not with the problem of native mulch, cotton shoot root ties up in alms bowl soil and grows, and root system can be transplanted with native alms bowl, and the seedling raising and transplanting survival rate of the system of taproot plants such as cotton is improved greatly.This method started to promote from the beginning of the eighties in last century, remained the topmost method for culturing and transplanting seedlings of system of taproot crop such as cotton so far.But the problems such as this method exists, and recruitment is many, labour intensity is large, production efficiency is low, difficult alms bowl processed, difficulty remove alms bowl, difficult nursery, difficult cultivation seedling, the rear seedling-slowing stage of cultivation is long, grown in field is inconsistent, have influence on the output of cotton, quality and benefit.
The third method is without soil/matrix rice seedling on upland field.The problems such as feeding block seedlings raising worker employed in a plant nursery is many in order to solve, labour intensity large, fungus in soil disease is many, human hair is had to understand without soil/matrix rice seedling on upland field, with " two nothings " technology of the people such as Mao Shuchun for representative, see " figure says Cultivation of Cotton Seedlings Without Soil, carrier-free root-naked transplanting key technology ", Golden Shield publishing house in October, 2005 version.This technology adopts artificial matrices to add river sand and does seedbed, and fiting chemical agent modulates carries out nursery, provides supporting technology and service of goods, is conducive to Agricultural Industrialization Development.But because this technology needs certain material conditions, invest more, nursery stage management difficulty is large, be difficult to Miao Qimiao strengthen, easy damaged during exposed root system transplanting, easily causes the stiff seedling of dead seedling, and existence improves seedling cost, adds and transplant difficulty and plant the problems such as rear field management difficulty.
4th kind of method is Floating nursing, namely without native rice seedling on watered bed.Be difficult to ensure enough liquid manure supplies without native rice seedling on upland field to solve, be difficult to reach the strong requirement of Miao Qimiao, someone studies the Floating nursing method of having invented cotton, as Agricultural University Of Hunan Chen Jin Hunan etc., and patent No. ZL2005100318833.This method fixes seed by matrix on porous plastics foam panel, Aquaponic liquid level is transplanted after floating seedlings, advantage had both remained the feature without native rice seedling on upland field, which in turn improve the water and fertilizer condition of nursery stage, the cotton seedling brought out is neat than stalwartness, shortcoming is also similar to without native rice seedling on upland field method: easy damaged when the exposed root system of cotton is transplanted, in addition Floating nursing is tender compared with rice seedling on upland field, more easily injured during transplanting, improve transplanting difficulty, add risk after planting, also need certain material conditions and fund input, improve seedling cost.
Lung biopsy is container nursery.Comprise alms bowl formula, box, cave disc type, some employing earth, some employing soilless substrates are cultivated, the advantage of this method is: the convenient more complete root system of seedling that takes out is transplanted, Problems existing is: container is large is conducive to nurturing staff, but nursery occupied ground is large, carry and transplant difficulty large, container is little to be conducive to management and to transplant, but the growing space of seedling is little, and difficulty educates strong sprout, it is long that small and weak seedling plants rear seedling-slowing stage, the dead seedling of easy stiff seedling, affects grown in field and yield and quality, and also comparatively soil seedbed is high for seedling cost.
In sum, traditional cotton seedling raising transplantation method easily causes the damage of root system mostly, the stiff seedling phenomenon of a large amount of dead seedlings occurs, adopts container or nutritive cube then to there is the problems such as recruitment is many, production efficiency is low, seedling cost is high.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, root system, cotton seedling raising transplantation method with low cost is not damaged when the invention provides a kind of energy nurturing staff, transplanting, after adopting the method to plant, survival rate is high, seedling-slowing stage is short, tiller early, transplanting process easy light, safe and reliable, time and labour saving is laborsaving and be conducive to Production of Large Fields.
The invention provides a kind of cotton seedling raising transplantation method, its step comprises:
(1) seedbed is made: after being flattened in seedbed, spread spacer, then the chesson that the upper 6-9cm of tiling is thick, more for subsequent use after adding Water spray to soil drench with bactericide;
(2) seed treatment: before sowing seed carried out basking seeds, soak seed, germinator seed dressing;
(3) sow: after adjustment nursery soil water content reaches 75-85%, be evenly sown into single seed, complete with sowing after sterilization sandy soil or bed earth mulch seed;
(4) seedbed management: control seedling bed temperature at 20 ~ 30 DEG C, humidity 70-80%;
(5) transplant: before transplanting, growth regulator used to seedbed and coordinate drenched seedbed of watering, completing in 24 hours and get seedling, transplant, water normal root water.
The beneficial effect of cotton seedling raising transplantation method provided by the invention is: one is directly nursery in chesson, just can take out more complete root system easily, avoid root system to damage, and without the need to nutritive cube and container, save a large amount of manpower and materials that feeding block seedlings raising or container nursery are paid for this reason; Two is nursery in this loose soil, and the cotton seedling brought out is more healthy and stronger than feeding block seedlings raising, soilless-cultivated seedling, only adopts natural soil, just can bring out the balled transplanting in strong sprout of well developed root system, and nursery stage disease is few, is convenient to management, both be conducive to developping production, again reduced seedling cost; Three is root system energy natural zone soil mulch of the cotton seedling that this method brings out, more energetic than the well developed root system of feeding block seedlings raising, and have seedlings and soil and soilless-cultivated seedling than routine, Floating nursing transplants that to hinder root few, easily plant work, transplanting saves labor, and after planting, survival rate is high; Four be this method be conducive to realizing a cultivation full stand, plant after early send out, avoid the common cultivation of other seedling-cultivating method stiff seedling phenomenon of a large amount of dead seedlings afterwards, seedling-slowing stage be short, tiller early; Five is the production models being suitable for various crop, is conducive to that agricultural development is produced, increased income and economized on spending, energy-saving and environmental protecting.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of cotton seedling raising transplantation method, its step comprises:
(1) seedbed is made: after being flattened in seedbed, spread spacer, then the chesson that the upper 6-9cm of tiling is thick, more for subsequent use after adding Water spray to soil drench with bactericide;
(2) seed treatment: before sowing seed carried out basking seeds, soak seed, germinator seed dressing;
(3) sow: after adjustment nursery soil water content reaches 75-85%, be evenly sown into single seed, complete with sowing after sterilization sandy soil or bed earth mulch seed;
(4) seedbed management: control seedling bed temperature at 20 ~ 30 DEG C, humidity 70-80%;
(5) transplant: before transplanting, growth regulator used to seedbed and coordinate drenched seedbed of watering, completing in 24 hours and get seedling, transplant, water normal root water.
Prick under the laying of spacer can prevent the root system of cotton seedling, prevent root system from soil, growing root system when taking an advanced study into transplanting and be difficult to extract completely and impaired.The loose soil that film tiles, be conducive to extracting when root system is transplanted, and extract rear root system can natural zone soil, thus avoid root system to damage, 6-8cm thickness is best, and difficulty is transplanted in blocked up increase, cross thin, be unfavorable for the growth of cotton seedling, without the need to nutritive cube, container, without the need to artificial synthetic substrate, reduce the input of a large amount of manpower goods and materials.Adopt growth regulator to process seedbed the previous day in transplanting, promote the growth of cotton seedling, improve the survival rate of cotton seedling after transplanting.Transplant the mode adopting Qu Miao limit, limit to transplant, get seedling, transplant, water normal root water and carry out simultaneously, decrease the time that cotton seedling leaves soil, shorten transplanting time, be conducive to seedling-slowing stage and shorten, improve survival rate after planting.
Preferably, step (1) described seedbed addressing is at the dead level being conducive to draining and water, and surrounding offers the dark ditch of 10 ~ 15cm, and described bactericide is strong chlorine oil.
Seedbed addressing is being conducive to draining and the dead level that waters is conducive to the growth of cotton seedling, using strong chlorine oil first as Dry crop nursery bed disinfection agricultural chemicals such as cottons, be used in soil sterilization, disposablely can kill soil disease, Be very effective is better than existing conventional pesticide, and with low cost, nonhazardous, not remain, energy-saving and environmental protecting.
Preferably, step (1) described spacer is the barrier film that aperture is less than 1mm.
Be more preferably, step (1) described spacer is agricultural film.
Adopt agricultural film can prevent root system from growing deeply in soil, simultaneously when transplanting, can on root system and root system with soil play holder role, conveniently transplant operation, avoid root system impaired, thus avoid the phenomenon of the dead seedling of stiff seedling to occur.
Preferably, the duration of basking seeds described in step (2) is 1-2 days, and described seed dressing is that intermittent stirring is to seed wipe dry.
Preferably, the seedbed that step (3) described sowing is complete covers with insulation with agricultural film, lower than adding lid layer arch film when 10 DEG C more immediately.
Be more preferably, the method of the described control temperature of shed of step (4) adopts the method for opening and closing insulation film made, described opening and closing insulation film made reaches the fine day after more than 60% and carries out emerging, and soil moisture is lower than 70% humidification of spraying water when opening insulation film made.
Preferably, step (3) is described is evenly sown into as adopting paddle program request or the mode of broadcasting sowing.
Preferably, the described transplanting of step (5) selects seedling age to transplant from the cotton seedling of 1 leaf 1 heart stage to 5 leaf 1 heart stage, and described growth regulator is used in 12-48 hour before transplanting.
Preferably, the method for getting seedling described in step (5) is hold the lower stem stalk of cotton seedling cotyledon joint, and on the other hand by spacer holder soil and root system under bed soil, both hands lift simultaneously.Adopt this to get seedling-growing method and can ensure that the root system natural zone of taking-up is native, fall surface dust, keep the complete of root system, prevent root system impaired.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, a kind of cotton seedling raising transplantation method provided by the invention is further described.
For one mu of land for growing field crops, carry out raising seedling of cotton transplanting, concrete steps are as follows:
1, loose soil isolation seedbed is made
In draining and place easily of watering, smooth is selected to do seedbed, rectificate 4.0-5.0m, wide 1.3m, first smooth bed base, dark 10 ~ the 15cm of surrounding trench digging, the spacer that agricultural film or aperture are less than 1mm is spread again on bed base, the chesson that the upper 6 ~ 8cm that tiles on bed base is again thick, the wide 1.2m of bed surface, ditch depth 15 ~ 20cm after arranging, then with pollution-free noresidue and inexpensive bactericide to be watered mulch film on drenched bonnet for subsequent use, described bactericide is the fish pond disinfectant strong chlorine oil that market is buied, and the concentration after bactericide is watered is 0.1%.
2, seed treatment
Elite seed is basked seeds 1 ~ 2 day before broadcasting, and first rinse with clear water during sowing, pour in basin or bucket after dried up, every mu, with kind of a 300g, adds the presoaking and germinating agent 1g that can improve seed activity, can sow after intermittent stirring to seed blots water.
3, sow
Adjustment bed soil water content reaches about 80%, and estimate and do not glue with moistening, hand is pinched agglomerating, and landing can fall apart is as the criterion, (line-spacing 6cm) program request or broadcast sowing of can paddling, and after being evenly sown into single seed, the sandy soil lid seed 1cm sterilized by process is thick.
4, epiphragma and ditch cleaning
Sow complete seedbed to cover with agricultural film immediately, use soil compaction periphery, add lid layer arch film during low temperature again, last ditch cleaning, press mold.
5, seedbed management
Emerge when reaching more than 60%, select fine day and throw off mulch film, and in that afternoon 5 time about spray nourishing health care liquid, build shed film above.Adopt the method for opening and closing canopy film to control temperature of shed between 20 ~ 30 DEG C, regulate soil moisture to be about 75%, soil work of water sprinkling for better material moisture should be carried out at fine day afternoon, sees that seedling topdresses and prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time.
6, pre-treatment seedbed is transplanted
When transplanting afternoon 5 of the previous day, seedbed being used growth regulator 3g and foliage fertilizer and being coordinated and waters, make bed soil humidity reach 85 ~ 90%.
7, transplant in good time
Seedling age can be transplanted from 1 leaf 1 heart stage to 5 leaf 1 heart stage, better with 2 leaf 1 heart to 3 leaf 1 hearts, in conjunction with farming arrangement, selected fine day afternoon or cloudy day transplanting, avoided burning sun and heavy rain, particularly will avoid continuously the overcast and rainy phase and transplant.
8, seedling-growing method is got
When bed soil humidity is 80%, the lower stem stalk of cotton seedling cotyledon joint is held in a have gentle hands, and under another palm turned upwards plug flat bed soil on spacer, both hands lift simultaneously, and cotton shoot root system natural zone soil takes out, and removes surface dust, is put in mode in order, transport Field planting to.
9, transplanting method
First put field-transplanting district in order, then transplanting of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil, loose soil stops up root, and normal root water is watered on transplanting limit, Qu Miao limit, limit, show native humidity reach about 80% again loosely time can exempt to water, plantation density is with conventional Transplanted Cotton, and transplanting method is as planted dish or nutritive cube.
Behind cotton transplantation of seedlings land for growing field crops, spray 1 secondary growth promoter when crossing 3 ~ 5 natural selection fine day afternoon 5 and add foliage fertilizer.
Meanwhile, for weighing effect and the cost of this cotton seedling raising transplantation method, being provided with and organizing control group more, control group adopts several different method for culturing and transplanting seedlings to transplant cotton seedling.
Wherein, control group 1 adopts traditional feeding block seedlings raising method; Control group 2 adopts traditional field soil/seedbed seedling-cultivating method, and the method is having nursery under soil condition, transplants and is carrying out without under soil; Control group 3 adopts without native rice seedling on upland field method, and the method is without nursery under soil condition, and naked seedling is transplanted; Control group 4 adopts traditional container seedling culture method, and container used is cave dish; Control group 5 adopts Floating nursing method.The cotton seedling raising transplantation method that the present embodiment provides is experimental group, is numbered 6, and concrete steps are described above, adopts loose soil isolation nursery, full root balled transplanting.The nursery effect of six kinds of methods, transplant effect and Cost comparisons sees the following form:
The raising seedling of cotton of table 36 kinds of methods transplants cost compare
Six kinds of method seedling raising and transplanting cotton seedling of 30 days is contrasted, finds that cotton seedling amount of growth that No. 6 methods bring out is apparently higher than other cotton seedlings of five groups.Because the cotton seedling raising transplantation method provided by the present embodiment carries out No. 6 experimental group of seedling raising and transplanting, adopt loose thin solum isolation seedbed nursery, the good permeability of soil, temperature, humidity regulate and control well, be convenient to anti-worm of curing the disease, these the two kinds of soil nursery of the far super control group 1 of effect, control group 2, utilize artificial matrices and equipment nursery to need compared with the method compared with high investment with another three kinds, also significant advantage is had, as shown in table 1.As seen from Table 2, the cotton seedling that No. 6 methods bring out, 2 ~ 3 days restoration ecosystem after transplanting, after transplanting first quarter moon, entered strong sprout long-term soon, effective amount of growth of transplanting 30 days exceeds more than 1 ~ 10 times compared with other method, and after other method seedling raising and transplanting, recovering is about 7 days faster, and poor reaches the dead seedling of the even stiff seedling of more than first quarter moon.As seen from Table 3, the relatively seedling raising and transplanting cost of 6 kinds of methods, minimum with No. 6 experimental group, 290 yuan are saved respectively than control group 1 nutritive cube, there is seedlings and soil than control group 2, non-soil replanting saves 50 yuan, save 190 yuan than control group 3 soilless-cultivated seedling and control group 5 Floating nursing, save 90 yuan than control group 4 matrix point disk seedling growing.
From the comparing result of embodiment, cotton seed is sowed after treatment on loose soil isolation seedbed, extremely be conducive to seed sprouting to emerge and the strong sprout being bred as well developed root system, need not alms bowl processed, without container, just can retain substantially complete root system balled transplanting, transplanting survival rate up to more than 95%, seedling-slowing stage only 2 ~ 3 days.The feeding block seedlings raising of the method ratio same energy balled transplanting, the laborsaving investment-saving of container nursery saving of work and time, compare without native rice seedling on upland field and the simple and easy to do small investment of Floating nursing and easily plant alive, easy tiller, than there being seedlings and soil, non-soil replanting get seedling convenient, hinder that root is few, survival rate is high, have gather materials on the spot, simple and effective, the advantage such as widely applicable.Both be applicable to peasant's every family be dispersed in the edge of a field have soil or without fritter nursery on soil, also large-area intensive manufacture and factorial seedling growth is applicable to, the time elasticity of nursery is larger, suitable transplanting time is longer, be conducive to arranging and production management farming season, without the need to specific condition and enormous investment, take field soil on the spot or pond sludge river sand gets final product nursery, allow agricultural production back to nature, be conducive to increasing income and economizing on spending, energy-saving and environmental protecting.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a cotton seedling raising transplantation method, its step comprises:
(1) seedbed is made: after being flattened in seedbed, spread spacer, then the chesson that the upper 6-9cm of tiling is thick, more for subsequent use after adding Water spray to soil drench with bactericide;
(2) seed treatment: before sowing seed carried out basking seeds, soak seed, germinator seed dressing;
(3) sow: after adjustment nursery soil water content reaches 75-85%, be evenly sown into single seed, complete with sowing after sterilization sandy soil or bed earth mulch seed;
(4) seedbed management: control seedling bed temperature at 20 ~ 30 DEG C, humidity 70-80%;
(5) transplant: before transplanting, growth regulator used to seedbed and coordinate drenched seedbed of watering, completing in 24 hours and get seedling, transplant, water normal root water.
2. cotton seedling raising transplantation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: step (1) described seedbed addressing is at the dead level being conducive to draining and water, and surrounding offers the dark ditch of 10 ~ 15cm, and described bactericide is strong chlorine oil.
3. cotton seedling raising transplantation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: step (1) described spacer is the barrier film that aperture is less than 1mm.
4. cotton seedling raising transplantation method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: step (1) described spacer is agricultural film.
5. cotton seedling raising transplantation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the duration of basking seeds described in step (2) is 1-2 days, described seed dressing is that intermittent stirring is to seed wipe dry.
6. cotton seedling raising transplantation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the complete seedbed of step (3) described sowing covers with insulation with agricultural film immediately, and temperature is lower than adding lid layer arch film when 10 DEG C again.
7. cotton seedling raising transplantation method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the method for step (4) described control temperature adopts the method for opening and closing insulation film made, described opening and closing insulation film made carries out at the fine day after reaching 60% of emerging, and soil moisture is lower than 70% humidification of spraying water when opening insulation film made.
8. cotton seedling raising transplantation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: step (3) is described to be evenly sown into as adopting paddle program request or the mode of broadcasting sowing.
9. cotton seedling raising transplantation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the described transplanting of step (5) selects seedling age to transplant from the cotton seedling of 1 leaf 1 heart stage to 5 leaf 1 heart stage, and described growth regulator is used in 12-48 hour before transplanting.
10. cotton seedling raising transplantation method as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that: the method for getting seedling described in step (5) is hold the lower stem stalk of cotton seedling cotyledon joint, and on the other hand by spacer holder soil and root system under bed soil, both hands lift simultaneously.
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| CN105794466A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-07-27 | 陆开云 | High-yield cotton seed seedling-raising method |
| CN105794454A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-27 | 塔里木大学 | Scientific cotton planting method |
| CN108739316A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-11-06 | 金华市全宇农业科技有限公司 | A kind of raising seedling of cotton method |
| CN109417950A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2019-03-05 | 湖南生物机电职业技术学院 | The cultivation of container seedling method of evergreen mucuna stem |
| CN109479659A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-03-19 | 安徽中种丰絮农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cotton seeds cultivating technique for preventing and treating pest and disease damage |
| CN112567992A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-30 | 山东省绿驰农业科技有限公司 | Dragon fruit matrix seedling culture method |
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| CN104956869B (en) | 2017-11-03 |
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