CN105052665A - Method for cultivating improved varieties of paraphlomis javanica var. coronata (Vaniot) big seedlings - Google Patents
Method for cultivating improved varieties of paraphlomis javanica var. coronata (Vaniot) big seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating improved varieties of paraphlomis javanica var. coronata (Vaniot) big seedlings, and relates to the technical field of economic forestry planting. The cultivating process includes the steps that (1) rootstock cultivation is conducted, wherein rootstock selection, rootstock processing, rootstock cultivation bed arrangement, rootstock insertion and planting, and rootstock seedling selection are conducted, and the rootstock insertion and planting step includes cleaning, insertion and planting and seedling hardening; (2) scion cultivation is carried out, wherein scion source selection, scion source processing, scion source cultivation and scion selection are conducted, and the scion source cultivation step includes cultivation container preparation, transplanting, germination accelerating and management; (3) grafting is conducted, wherein grafting fertilizer application, scion processing, rootstock cutting, scion embedding and tying, and pruning are conducted; (4) final-period management is conducted, wherein arched shed building, early-period management in a shed, final-period management in the shed and final-period management after the shed is removed are conducted. The method has the advantages of being high in emergence rate, good in sapling quality and capable of cultivating the paraphlomis javanica var. coronata (Vaniot) big seedlings easily on a large scale, can be used for cultivating the paraphlomis javanica var. coronata (Vaniot) big seedlings and can also be used for cultivating seedlings of other plants.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to economic forestry planting technology field, particularly a kind of breeding method of breeding gold Chinese scholartree seedlings.
Background technology
Gold Chinese scholartree (Paraphlomisjavanicavar.coronata (Vaniot)), different name 12 sophora flower, the sophora flower of its output is commonly called as the sophora bud, it is the raw material of the traditional multi-field use such as medicinal material, food, health products of China, its rutin content is up to more than 35%, simultaneously containing rutin, bud of japanese pagoda tree element, Quercetin isoreactivity composition, there is step-down, anti-inflammatory, the multiple effect such as anti-lipid.It is reported, the sophora bud demand on annual international market is more than kiloton, and market prospects are very good, and therefore, developing golden Chinese scholartree breeding seedlings that are efficient, high-quality, high yield becomes the primary key of golden Chinese scholartree industry development.
At present, the type of rearing of golden Chinese scholartree seedlings mainly contains seedling breeding, cuttage seeding is cultivated and grafting is cultivated.Chinese patent (number of patent application is 201210113634.9) disclosed " golden Chinese scholartree grafting method ", method comprises: the process of scion, the selection of anvil tree, the selection of grafting part, the selection of time of grafting, grafting method.
Another Chinese patent (number of patent application is 201310690143.5) disclosed " high-servival rate of a kind of golden Chinese scholartree and high position grafting method solid ahead of time ", the method is adopted to carry out changing and badly change excellent golden Chinese scholartree, its grafting survival reaches more than 90%, after grafting, the Shoot growth that scion is extracted out is good, and most branch can be eared the knot sophora bud then.The outstanding advantages of this invention is simple to operate, easy popularization, can scale carries out; can make inferior Chinese scholartree kind realize changing within the short time bad change excellent, to hang rice ahead of time solid; thus economic worth is realized within the shortest time, there is very active influence to the industrialized development of golden Chinese scholartree.
Summary of the invention
After the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of plantation, output is high, the breeding method of the measured golden Chinese scholartree seedlings of matter.
For achieving the above object, the technical measures that the present invention takes are breeding methods of a kind of breeding gold of invention Chinese scholartree seedlings, and its cultivating process is as follows:
(1), stock is cultivated:
A, Root-stock selection:
In existing golden Chinese scholartree woods, select flourishing, cane is sturdy, fruiting rate is high, without the golden Chinese scholartree of damage by disease and insect, the branch that preferred color and luster is good, limb is straight, fruit drop rate is many, plucks the branch that one to two is year newborn, as stock, for subsequent use;
B, stock process: stock for subsequent use is put into the root-growing agent solution (degree of depth of immersion is 4-8cm on anvil mouth) that concentration is 40-60ppm, and keep that environmental temperature is 20-32 DEG C, relative air humidity is 65-75%, soak 10-16h, become and urge rootstock, for subsequent use;
C, stock are cultivated bed and are arranged:
Stock is cultivated plot, is organized into the bed groove of wide 0.6-1.5m, long 4.5-8.5m, dark 0.45-0.75m, spreads and cultivate soil into stock, for subsequent use;
D, stock plant:
A, cleaning: soaked 2-3 time in clear water by for subsequent use rootstock of urging, each time is 15-30min, becomes cleaning and urges rootstock, put into shady and cool place and wait to plant, for subsequent use;
B, to plant: when temperature maintains 15-25 DEG C, cleaning for subsequent use is urged rootstock according to spacing in the rows be 0.4-0.8m, line-spacing is the specification of 0.6-0.85m, implanting stock cultivates in soil, the degree of depth implanted is 30-55cm, slightly compacting, irrigates with water, then, cover film booth, maintenance temperature of shed is 25-45 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 65-85%; Rootstock of urging to be cleaned germinates, takes root, and when growth situation is stablized, becomes nascent rootstock seedling, throw off booth, enter the management phase;
C, hardening: when the temperature in the temperature in the external world, relative moisture and canopy, relative moisture close to time, first throw off the area of film 30-50%, allow nursery stock conform in advance 15-25 days, and then remove whole film booths, become stock hardening, for subsequent use;
E, rootstock seedling are selected:
After hardening, in cultivation bed, growth selection situation is stablized, without damage by disease and insect, have the stock hardening of more than 1 section of new axillalry bud (that is: stock hardening has more than one new axillalry bud at least) as rootstock seedling, for subsequent use;
(2), scion cultivated:
A, scion source are selected:
In existing golden Chinese scholartree woods, select life in 2 to 3 years, branch footpath at 1.2-2.5cm, color and luster is good, limb is straight, free of bark is damaged, without the branch of insect pest, clip 60-80cm is long as scion source branch, and its one end is tiltedly cut into 25-35 °, another is held level with both hands and cuts, for subsequent use;
B, the process of scion source:
First by scion source branch with 5-10 root for a bundle, the one end of tiltedly cutting being put into concentration is that the root-growing agent solution of 40-60ppm soaks and fixes (20-30% that immersion depth is fringe source branch length) again, maintenance environmental temperature is 20-32 DEG C, relative air humidity is 65-75%, soak 5-10h, become catalysis scion source branch of taking root, for subsequent use;
C, scion source are cultivated:
A, cultivate container preparation: the flowerpot choosing long 45-75cm, the bag film of wide 15-25cm or dark 40-70cm, bore 10-15cm, first spreads the thick subsoil of one deck 2-3cm, then load scion cultivated soil bottom it, its charge weight is the 70-85% of volume, slightly compacting, becomes cultivation container, for subsequent use;
B, transplant: select to carry out in spring (that is: late January is to the early morning of early March) or autumn (that is: the morning of late September to early November), catalysis scion source branch clear water of first taking root washs 2-3 time, plant in the soil of cultivation container by the specification of 1-2 root/basin or bag again, plant fashionable, the cotyledon that branch remains is cut off, planting into the degree of depth is native dark 25-40%, slightly compacting, and water normal root water, then spray with the limewash that weight concentration is 6.5-10% catalysis scion source branch of taking root from lower to upper, remaining space is filled up again with blinding, become and transplant scion source, for subsequent use,
C, vernalization: transplanting scion source is transferred to shady and cool place, to control its environment be temperature 20-32 DEG C, relative air humidity at 65-80%, carry out vernalization; When air oxygen detrition, should water a water every 2-5 days, irrigation amount is the 30-40% of volume;
D, management: when sprouting branch grows, be transferred to that temperature is 18-24 DEG C, relative air humidity is in the environment of 50-70%, keep moisture in soil in 15-30%, temperature at 12-16 DEG C, and apply according to the ratio of 1.65-3.45kg/ basin or bag and topdress; When soil temperature is too high, answer diligent chesson, the degree of depth is 5-10cm; Then, the conventional method of cultivating by sprouting branch manages;
D, scion are selected:
When bud branch grows to more than 15cm, therefrom select vigorous, the young leaves more than 2 sections (that is: having the bud branch of more than 2 pairs of young leaves) of growth, without insect pest, branch footpath at the bud branch of more than 0.75cm as the scionwood of grafting, for subsequent use;
(3), grafting:
A, execute grafting fertilizer:
Cultivate in bed at stock, by except the rootstock seedling selected, remaining sapling all digs out transfer, and the bed soil of native replenish lost is cultivated with stock, bed of simultaneously deep ploughing is native, and the degree of depth is 10-18cm, and applies grafting fertilizer according to the ratio of 86-108kg/ ㎡ in stock cultivation bed, become grafting and cultivate seedbed, for subsequent use;
B, scion process:
In the early morning in early spring (that is: early March) or late autumn (that is: late October) season, being splayed at 2-4cm place below first section of cotyledon bottom the scionwood of selection, (angle is 20-35 °, length is not fixed, be as the criterion with the physical length of scionwood), become scion to be grafted, for subsequent use;
C, cut anvil:
Splay in the face of indulging, middle on the rootstock seedling selected on the spray that newly grows between first section of cotyledon and second section of cotyledon, cut mouthful length and scion to be grafted to cut mouth consistent, direction and scion to be grafted cut mouth oppositely, become anvil mouth, for subsequent use;
D, embedding fringe bundle:
Scion to be grafted is embedded anvil mouth, and aim at and form layer, appearance earth encloses around interface one, and thickness is 0.1-0.45cm, then with film around a circle, covers earth, then, clutch with thin aluminum top cover, become grafting sapling, for subsequent use;
E, pruning:
After grafting is complete, will rootstock seedling have the seedling secateurs of grafting go 1/3, and cut off the cotyledon of Miao Zhishang, meanwhile, the cotyledon on following for grafting mouth seedling branch is all cut off, becomes grafting, for subsequent use;
(4), final-period management:
A, build shed:
Cultivate on seedbed grafting and build the high shed of 1.5-3.5m, cover film, then add a cover sunshade net, maintenance light transmittance is 40-60%; Temperature in canopy controls at 18-30 DEG C, and relative moisture is at 45-65%, and stock cultivates soil temperature at 15-25 DEG C;
Prophase management in B, canopy:
Every 5-10 days, water once (irrigating), once (usual applications of farmyard manure, consumption is 320-450kg/667 ㎡), every intertillage in 15-25 days once, the degree of depth is 10-15cm in fertilising, and in time weeding, except sprouting;
Final-period management in C, canopy:
After grafting restore normal growth situation, reduce sunshade net, keep light transmittance at 60-80%; After grafting growth is vigorous, remove shed;
D, remove canopy final-period management:
After removing shed, conventionally manage;
Other daily management, carries out with reference to conventional method, after growth 1-2, namely becomes high-quality gold Chinese scholartree seedlings.
The (1) step the C step by step described in stock cultivate bed and arrange and comprise following process:
A, bed groove arrange: by selected plot, be organized into the bed groove of wide 0.6-1.5m, long 4.5-8.5m, dark 0.45-0.75m, spread and cultivate soil (it can be native or other composite soil of common mellow soil or woodland table that stock that bed groove middle berth enters cultivates soil, also can prepare by following method) into stock;
B, stock are cultivated soil and are equipped with:
Take off row raw material for standby respectively by weight:
Spongiosa soil 40-50 powder of straw 5-10 farm organic fertilizer 4-9
Become thoroughly decomposed material 15-25 mineral salt 1-3.5 microorganism species 0.45-1.0
Plant leaf powder 5-10 quicklime 1-1.5;
C, bed bottom land layer arrange: first bed groove bottom land is treaded leveling, again by the underlying material that the quicklime by the spongiosa soil of 1/3 weight for subsequent use, whole plant leaf powder and 1/2 weight mixes, be laid on a groove bottom, thickness is 10-25cm, leveling, becomes a bottom land layer;
D, bed groove upper strata arrange: by the upper layer material by the spongiosa soil of 1/3 weight for subsequent use, the farm organic fertilizer of 1/2 weight, the microorganism species of 1/2 weight and whole mineral salt and whole mixing of materials of becoming thoroughly decomposed, spread on bed bottom land layer, fill and lead up remaining space, leveling, becomes a groove upper strata;
E, bed surface ridge heap: by the ridge windrow mixed by the farm organic fertilizer of the spongiosa soil of 1/3 weight for subsequent use, 1/2 weight, the microorganism species of 1/2 weight, the quicklime of 1/2 weight and whole powder of straw, on bed groove, in aspect, the furrow face height of 25-45cm is played on ridge, leveling, becomes kind of a planting-line face.
The (2) step the C step by step the subsoil described in the little step of a can be common mellow soil or woodland table soil or other composite soil, also can be made up of the raw material of following weight portion:
Cotton seed hulls powder 20-30 woods soil 40-60 rice-straw ash 5-10;
Its preparation method is: mix, and crosses 40-60 eye mesh screen.
The (2) step the C step by step the blinding described in the little step of b can be common mellow soil or woodland table soil or other composite soil, also can be by spongiosa soil: the soil that the part by weight of the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed=(3-6): 1 mixes.
(2) step the C topdressing step by step described in the little step of d can be urea or fertilizer, also can be by urea: the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed=(8-15): the fertilizer that the part by weight of (85-92) mixes.
(3) step the A step by step described in grafting fertilizer can be urea or fertilizer, also can be by fertilizer: the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed=(28-46): the fertilizer that the part by weight of (54-72) mixes.
Described microorganism species comprise one in careless bacillus, Klebsiella, enterobacter cloacae, saccharomycete, potassium solubilizing bacteria, Xanthomonas campestris, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, phosphate solubilizing bacteria two or more or all; When for more than two kinds, the proportioning of each bacterial classification is equal portions or other ratio.
(2) the scion cultivated soil of step the C step by step described in the little step of a be mixed by the raw material of following weight portion:
Spongiosa soil 40-50 powder of straw 5-10 farm organic fertilizer 4-9
Become thoroughly decomposed material 15-25 mineral salt 1-3.5 microorganism species 0.45-1.0
Plant leaf powder 5-10 quicklime 1-1.5.
Described spongiosa soil refers to or garden mould native through the dealing with earthworm 3-5 woods of more than individual month.
Described powder of straw crosses the powder of 40-60 order gained after referring to that the new stalk collected directly is pulverized.
Described fertilizer refers to commercially available fertilizer (comprising all kinds).
Described farmyard manure refers to the fecaluria that daily middle body discharges goes out.
Described farm organic fertilizer refer to farmyard manure with fertilizer in (3-5): 1 ratio mixes, then the fertilizer after sterilization.
The described material that becomes thoroughly decomposed refers to that chicken manure, cow dung, horsehit, sheep excrement etc. are after becoming thoroughly decomposed, and can be used for the material of culture fertility.
Described mineral salt refer to one or more in sulphate (that is: sodium sulphate, calcium sulphate, magnesium sulfate), phosphate (that is: sodium phosphate, calcium phosphate, calcium monohydrogen phosphate), carbonate (that is: sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate), when for more than two kinds, the ratio of each component is equal portions or other ratio.
Described plant leaf powder refers to the leaf of shrub plant.
Described cotton seed hulls powder refers to that fresh boll hull is ground into the powder of more than 100 orders after drying.
Described woods soil refers to woods ground surface soil.
Described rice-straw ash refers to that rice straw is after drying, the ashes after burning.
Breeding gold Chinese scholartree big seedling cultivation method of the present invention, owing to have employed above-mentioned all multi-steps, the seedlings well developed root system cultivated, seedling stem is sturdy, and thus, after plantation, its sophora bud output is higher, and the quality of the sophora bud is also better.
Apply the breeding method of breeding of the present invention gold Chinese scholartree seedlings, the golden Chinese scholartree seedlings of cultivation, once carried out plantation comparative trial in the Lingling District of Yongzhou City, Hubei Province and Lengshuitan District, following table is experimental control data:
(note: in upper table, the test gold Chinese scholartree woods in same district is substantially close with the land occupation condition, soil, liquid manure, blockclimate etc. contrasting golden Chinese scholartree woods, seedling is same kind, the golden Chinese scholartree seedlings testing golden Chinese scholartree woods adopt method of the present invention to cultivate, the golden Chinese scholartree seedlings contrasting golden Chinese scholartree woods adopt conventional method to cultivate, and the construction of Jin Huailin adopts identical conventional method).
As can be seen from the above table, the golden Chinese scholartree seedlings that the breeding method applying breeding of the present invention gold Chinese scholartree seedlings is cultivated, the output after plantation is apparently higher than the golden Chinese scholartree seedlings adopting conventional method to cultivate.
In addition, the golden Chinese scholartree woods of each test and each sophora bud contrasting golden Chinese scholartree woods and produce, its Main Ingredients and Appearance content sees the following form:
Also can find out from above-mentioned Main Ingredients and Appearance containing scale, the golden Chinese scholartree seedlings that the breeding method applying breeding of the present invention gold Chinese scholartree seedlings is cultivated, the sophora bud produced after plantation, its beneficial is apparently higher than the golden Chinese scholartree seedlings adopting conventional method to cultivate.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.Explanation is below the mode exemplified, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The breeding method of the breeding gold Chinese scholartree seedlings of the present embodiment, its cultivating process is as follows:
(i), auxiliaries:
1., scion cultivated soil preparation:
Get respectively by weight: 45 parts, spongiosa soil, powder of straw 8 parts, farm organic fertilizer 7 parts, the material 20 parts that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 2.5 parts, mineral salt, microorganism species 0.8 part, plant leaf powder 8 parts, quicklime 1.2 parts, mix, obtain scion cultivated soil, for subsequent use.
2., subsoil preparation:
Get respectively by weight: 25 parts, cotton seed hulls powder, woods soil 50 parts, rice-straw ash 8 parts, mix, cross 50 eye mesh screens, obtain subsoil, for subsequent use.
3., blinding preparation:
By spongiosa soil: the part by weight of the material=4:1 that becomes thoroughly decomposed, get spongiosa soil respectively and the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed, mix, obtain blinding, for subsequent use.
4., to topdress preparation:
By urea: the part by weight of the material=12:88 that becomes thoroughly decomposed, get urea respectively and the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed, mix, must topdress, for subsequent use.
5., grafting fertilizer preparation:
By fertilizer: the part by weight of the material=36:64 that becomes thoroughly decomposed, get fertilizer respectively and the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed, mix, obtain grafting fertilizer, for subsequent use.
(ii), stock is cultivated:
(1), stock is cultivated:
A, Root-stock selection:
In existing golden Chinese scholartree woods, select flourishing, cane is sturdy, fruiting rate is high, without the golden Chinese scholartree of damage by disease and insect, the branch that preferred color and luster is good, limb is straight, fruit drop rate is many, plucks the branch that one to two is year newborn, as stock, for subsequent use;
B, stock process: stock for subsequent use is put into the root-growing agent solution (degree of depth of immersion is 6cm on anvil mouth) that concentration is 50ppm, and keep that environmental temperature is 25 DEG C, relative air humidity is 70%, soak 12h, become and urge rootstock, for subsequent use;
C, stock are cultivated bed and are arranged:
Stock is cultivated plot, is organized into the bed groove of wide 0.6-1.5m, long 4.5-8.5m, dark 0.45-0.75m, spreads and cultivate soil into stock, for subsequent use;
D, stock plant:
A, cleaning: soaked 2-3 time in clear water by for subsequent use rootstock of urging, each time is 20min, becomes cleaning and urges rootstock, put into shady and cool place and wait to plant, for subsequent use;
B, to plant: when temperature maintains 20 DEG C, cleaning for subsequent use is urged rootstock according to spacing in the rows be 0.4-0.8m, line-spacing is the specification of 0.6-0.85m, implanting stock cultivates in soil, the degree of depth implanted is 40cm, slightly compacting, irrigates with water, then, cover film booth, maintenance temperature of shed is 30-35 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 70-75%; Rootstock of urging to be cleaned germinates, takes root, and when growth situation is stablized, becomes nascent rootstock seedling, throw off booth, enter the management phase;
C, hardening: when the temperature in the temperature in the external world, relative moisture and canopy, relative moisture close to time, first throw off the area of film 40%, allow nursery stock conform in advance 20 days, and then remove whole film booths, become stock hardening, for subsequent use;
E, rootstock seedling are selected:
After hardening, in cultivation bed, growth selection situation is stablized, without damage by disease and insect, have the stock hardening of more than 1 section of new axillalry bud (that is: stock hardening has more than one new axillalry bud at least) as rootstock seedling, for subsequent use;
(2), scion cultivated:
A, scion source are selected:
In existing golden Chinese scholartree woods, select life in 2 to 3 years, branch footpath at 1.2-2.5cm, color and luster is good, limb is straight, free of bark is damaged, without the branch of insect pest, clip 70cm is long as scion source branch, and its one end is tiltedly cut into 30 °, another is held level with both hands and cuts, for subsequent use;
B, the process of scion source:
First by scion source branch with 8 for a bundle, the one end of tiltedly cutting being put into concentration is that the root-growing agent solution of 50ppm soaks and fixes (immersion depth is 25% of fringe source branch length) again, maintenance environmental temperature is 25-28 DEG C, relative air humidity is 65-75%, soak 8h, become catalysis scion source branch of taking root, for subsequent use;
C, scion source are cultivated:
A, cultivate container preparation: the flowerpot choosing long 45-75cm, the bag film of wide 15-25cm or dark 40-70cm, bore 10-15cm, first spreads the thick subsoil of one deck 2-3cm, then load scion cultivated soil bottom it, its charge weight is 75% of volume, slightly compacting, becomes cultivation container, for subsequent use;
B, transplant: select to carry out in spring (that is: late January is to the early morning of early March) or autumn (that is: the morning of late September to early November), catalysis scion source branch clear water of first taking root washs 2-3 time, plant in the soil of cultivation container by the specification of 1-2 root/basin or bag again, plant fashionable, the cotyledon that branch remains is cut off, planting into the degree of depth is soil dark 30%, slightly compacting, and water normal root water, then spray with the limewash that weight concentration is 8% catalysis scion source branch of taking root from lower to upper, remaining space is filled up again with blinding, become and transplant scion source, for subsequent use,
C, vernalization: transplanting scion source is transferred to shady and cool place, to control its environment be temperature 25-28 DEG C, relative air humidity at 70-75%, carry out vernalization; When air oxygen detrition, should water a water every 2-5 days, irrigation amount is 35% of volume;
D, management: when sprouting branch grows, be transferred to that temperature is 20-22 DEG C, relative air humidity is in the environment of 60-65%, keeps moisture in soil in 20-25%, temperature at 12-16 DEG C, and apply according to the ratio of 2.5kg/ basin or bag and topdress; When soil temperature is too high, answer diligent chesson, the degree of depth is 8cm; Then, the conventional method of cultivating by sprouting branch manages;
D, scion are selected:
When bud branch grows to more than 15cm, therefrom select vigorous, the young leaves more than 2 sections (that is: having the bud branch of more than 2 pairs of young leaves) of growth, without insect pest, branch footpath at the bud branch of more than 0.75cm as the scionwood of grafting, for subsequent use;
(3), grafting:
A, execute grafting fertilizer:
Cultivate in bed at stock, by except the rootstock seedling selected, remaining sapling all digs out transfer, and the bed soil of native replenish lost is cultivated with stock, bed of simultaneously deep ploughing is native, and the degree of depth is 15cm, and applies grafting fertilizer according to the ratio of 100_kg/ ㎡ in stock cultivation bed, become grafting and cultivate seedbed, for subsequent use;
B, scion process:
In the early morning in early spring (that is: early March) or late autumn (that is: late October) season, being splayed at 2-4cm place below first section of cotyledon bottom the scionwood of selection, (angle is 30 °, length is not fixed, be as the criterion with the physical length of scionwood), become scion to be grafted, for subsequent use;
C, cut anvil:
Splay in the face of indulging, middle on the rootstock seedling selected on the spray that newly grows between first section of cotyledon and second section of cotyledon, cut mouthful length and scion to be grafted to cut mouth consistent, direction and scion to be grafted cut mouth oppositely, become anvil mouth, for subsequent use;
D, embedding fringe bundle:
Scion to be grafted is embedded anvil mouth, and aim at and form layer, appearance earth encloses around interface one, and thickness is 0.3cm, then with film around a circle, covers earth, then, clutch with thin aluminum top cover, become grafting sapling, for subsequent use;
E, pruning:
After grafting is complete, will rootstock seedling have the seedling secateurs of grafting go 1/3, and cut off the cotyledon of Miao Zhishang, meanwhile, the cotyledon on following for grafting mouth seedling branch is all cut off, becomes grafting, for subsequent use;
(4), final-period management:
A, build shed:
Cultivate on seedbed grafting and build the high shed of 2.5m, cover film, then add a cover sunshade net, keep light transmittance to be 50%; Temperature in canopy controls at 20-25 DEG C, and relative moisture is at 50-55%, and stock cultivates soil temperature at 15-25 DEG C;
Prophase management in B, canopy:
Every 5-10 days, water once (irrigating), once (applications of farmyard manure, consumption is 400kg/667 ㎡), every intertillage in 20 days once, the degree of depth is 12cm in fertilising, and in time weeding, except sprouting;
Final-period management in C, canopy:
After grafting restore normal growth situation, reduce sunshade net, keep light transmittance 70%; After grafting growth is vigorous, remove shed;
D, remove canopy final-period management:
After removing shed, conventionally manage;
Other daily management, carries out with reference to conventional method, after growth 1-2, namely becomes high-quality gold Chinese scholartree seedlings.
The breeding method of breeding gold Chinese scholartree seedlings of the present invention, both can be used for cultivating golden Chinese scholartree seedlings, also can be used for the cultivation of other plant seedlings.
Claims (7)
1. a breeding method for breeding gold Chinese scholartree seedlings, is characterized in that cultivating process is as follows:
(1), stock is cultivated:
A, Root-stock selection:
In existing golden Chinese scholartree woods, select the branch of 1 to two year new life, as stock, for subsequent use;
B, stock process: stock for subsequent use is put into the root-growing agent solution that concentration is 40-60ppm, and keep that environmental temperature is 20-32 DEG C, relative air humidity is 65-75%, soak 10-16h, become and urge rootstock, for subsequent use;
C, stock are cultivated bed and are arranged:
Stock is cultivated plot, is organized into the bed groove of wide 0.6-1.5m, long 4.5-8.5m, dark 0.45-0.75m, spreads and cultivate soil into stock, for subsequent use;
D, stock plant:
A, cleaning: soaked 2-3 time in clear water by for subsequent use rootstock of urging, each time is 15-30min, becomes cleaning and urges rootstock, put into shady and cool place and wait to plant, for subsequent use;
B, to plant: when temperature maintains 15-25 DEG C, cleaning for subsequent use is urged rootstock according to spacing in the rows be 0.4-0.8m, line-spacing is the specification of 0.6-0.85m, implanting stock cultivates in soil, the degree of depth implanted is 30-55cm, slightly compacting, irrigates with water, then, cover film booth, maintenance temperature of shed is 25-45 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 65-85%; Rootstock of urging to be cleaned germinates, takes root, and when growth situation is stablized, becomes nascent rootstock seedling, throw off booth, enter the management phase;
C, hardening: when the temperature in the temperature in the external world, relative moisture and canopy, relative moisture close to time, first throw off the area of film 30-50%, allow nursery stock conform in advance 15-25 days, and then remove whole film booths, become stock hardening, for subsequent use;
E, rootstock seedling are selected:
After hardening, in cultivation bed, growth selection situation is stablized, have the stock hardening of more than 1 section of new axillalry bud as rootstock seedling, for subsequent use;
(2), scion cultivated:
A, scion source are selected:
In existing golden Chinese scholartree woods, select life in 2 to 3 years, branch footpath at the branch of 1.2-2.5cm, clip 60-80cm is long as scion source branch, and its one end is tiltedly cut into 25-35 °, and another is held level with both hands and cuts, for subsequent use;
B, the process of scion source:
First by scion source branch with 5-10 root for a bundle, the one end of tiltedly cutting being put into concentration is that the root-growing agent solution of 40-60ppm soaks and fixes again, and keeps that environmental temperature is 20-32 DEG C, relative air humidity is 65-75%, soaks 5-10h, become catalysis scion source branch of taking root, for subsequent use;
C, scion source are cultivated:
A, cultivate container preparation: the flowerpot choosing long 45-75cm, the bag film of wide 15-25cm or dark 40-70cm, bore 10-15cm, first spreads the thick subsoil of one deck 2-3cm, then load scion cultivated soil bottom it, its charge weight is the 70-85% of volume, slightly compacting, becomes cultivation container, for subsequent use;
B, transplanting: select to carry out in spring or autumn, catalysis scion source branch clear water of first taking root washs 2-3 time, plant in the soil of cultivation container by the specification of 1-2 root/basin or bag again, slightly compacting water normal root water, then spray with the limewash that weight concentration is 6.5-10% catalysis scion source branch of taking root from lower to upper, fill up remaining space with blinding again, become and transplant scion source, for subsequent use;
C, vernalization: transplanting scion source is transferred to shady and cool place, to control its environment be temperature 20-32 DEG C, relative air humidity at 65-80%, carry out vernalization;
D, management: when sprouting branch grows, be transferred to that temperature is 18-24 DEG C, relative air humidity is in the environment of 50-70%, keep moisture in soil in 15-30%, temperature at 12-16 DEG C, and apply according to the ratio of 1.65-3.45kg/ basin or bag and topdress; Then, the conventional method of cultivating by sprouting branch manages;
D, scion are selected:
When bud branch grows to more than 15cm, select young leaves more than 2 sections, branch footpath at the bud branch of more than 0.75cm as the scionwood of grafting, for subsequent use;
(3), grafting:
A, execute grafting fertilizer:
Cultivate in bed at stock, apply grafting fertilizer according to the ratio of 86-108kg/ ㎡, become grafting and cultivate seedbed, for subsequent use;
B, scion process:
In the early morning in early spring or season in late autumn, is splayed in 2-4cm place below first section of cotyledon bottom the scionwood of selection, become scion to be grafted, for subsequent use;
C, cut anvil:
Splay in the face of indulging, middle on the rootstock seedling selected on the spray that newly grows between first section of cotyledon and second section of cotyledon, cut mouthful length and scion to be grafted to cut mouth consistent, direction and scion to be grafted cut mouth oppositely, become anvil mouth, for subsequent use;
D, embedding fringe bundle:
Scion to be grafted is embedded anvil mouth, and aim at and form layer, appearance earth encloses around interface one, and thickness is 0.1-0.45cm, then with film around a circle, covers earth, then, clutch with thin aluminum top cover, become grafting sapling, for subsequent use;
E, pruning:
After grafting is complete, will rootstock seedling have the seedling secateurs of grafting go 1/3, and cut off the cotyledon of Miao Zhishang, meanwhile, the cotyledon on following for grafting mouth seedling branch is all cut off, becomes grafting, for subsequent use;
(4), final-period management:
A, build shed:
Cultivate on seedbed grafting and build the high shed of 1.5-3.5m, cover film, then add a cover sunshade net, maintenance light transmittance is 40-60%; Temperature in canopy controls at 18-30 DEG C, and relative moisture is at 45-65%, and stock cultivates soil temperature at 15-25 DEG C;
Prophase management in B, canopy:
Every 5-10 days, water once, once, every intertillage in 15-25 days once, the degree of depth is 10-15cm in fertilising, and in time weeding, except sprouting;
Final-period management in C, canopy:
After grafting restore normal growth situation, reduce sunshade net, keep light transmittance at 60-80%; After grafting growth is vigorous, remove shed;
D, remove canopy final-period management:
After removing shed, conventionally manage;
Other daily management, carries out with reference to conventional method, after growth 1-2, namely becomes high-quality gold Chinese scholartree seedlings.
2. the breeding method of breeding gold Chinese scholartree seedlings according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the (1) step the C step by step described in stock cultivate bed and arrange and comprise following process:
A, bed groove arrange: by selected plot, are organized into the bed groove of wide 0.6-1.5m, long 4.5-8.5m, dark 0.45-0.75m;
B, stock are cultivated soil and are equipped with:
Take off row raw material for standby respectively by weight:
Spongiosa soil 40-50 powder of straw 5-10 farm organic fertilizer 4-9
Become thoroughly decomposed material 15-25 mineral salt 1-3.5 microorganism species 0.45-1.0
Plant leaf powder 5-10 quicklime 1-1.5;
C, bed bottom land layer arrange: first bed groove bottom land is treaded leveling, again by the underlying material that the quicklime by the spongiosa soil of 1/3 weight for subsequent use, whole plant leaf powder and 1/2 weight mixes, be laid on a groove bottom, thickness is 10-25cm, leveling, becomes a bottom land layer;
D, bed groove upper strata arrange: by the upper layer material by the spongiosa soil of 1/3 weight for subsequent use, the farm organic fertilizer of 1/2 weight, the microorganism species of 1/2 weight and whole mineral salt and whole mixing of materials of becoming thoroughly decomposed, spread on bed bottom land layer, fill and lead up remaining space, leveling, becomes a groove upper strata;
E, bed surface ridge heap: by the ridge windrow mixed by the farm organic fertilizer of the spongiosa soil of 1/3 weight for subsequent use, 1/2 weight, the microorganism species of 1/2 weight, the quicklime of 1/2 weight and whole powder of straw, on bed groove, in aspect, the furrow face height of 25-45cm is played on ridge, leveling, becomes kind of a planting-line face.
3. the breeding method of breeding gold Chinese scholartree seedlings according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the (2) step the C step by step the subsoil described in the little step of a be made up of the raw material of following weight portion:
Cotton seed hulls powder 20-30 woods soil 40-60 rice-straw ash 5-10;
Its preparation method is: mix, and crosses 40-60 eye mesh screen.
4. the breeding method of breeding gold Chinese scholartree seedlings according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the (2) step the C step by step the blinding described in the little step of b be by spongiosa soil: the soil that the part by weight of the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed=(3-6): 1 mixes.
5. the breeding method of breeding gold Chinese scholartree seedlings according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the (2) step the C topdressing step by step described in the little step of d be by urea: the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed=(8-15): the fertilizer that the part by weight of (85-92) mixes.
6. the breeding method of breeding gold Chinese scholartree seedlings according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the (3) step the A step by step described in grafting fertilizer be by fertilizer: the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed=(28-46): the fertilizer that the part by weight of (54-72) mixes.
7. the breeding method of breeding gold Chinese scholartree seedlings according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described microorganism species comprise one in careless bacillus, Klebsiella, enterobacter cloacae, saccharomycete, potassium solubilizing bacteria, Xanthomonas campestris, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, phosphate solubilizing bacteria two or more or all; When for more than two kinds, the proportioning of each bacterial classification is equal portions or other ratio.
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