CN105684807B - A kind of method for culturing seedlings of the husky Chinese scholartree of silver - Google Patents
A kind of method for culturing seedlings of the husky Chinese scholartree of silver Download PDFInfo
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- CN105684807B CN105684807B CN201610050124.XA CN201610050124A CN105684807B CN 105684807 B CN105684807 B CN 105684807B CN 201610050124 A CN201610050124 A CN 201610050124A CN 105684807 B CN105684807 B CN 105684807B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for culturing seedlings of the husky Chinese scholartree of silver, comprising the following steps: 1) nursery selection and processing;2) seed selection and processing;3) sowing is handled;4) seedling management;5) outplanting.The invention has the benefit that a kind of method for culturing seedlings of rare or endangered species-Yin Sha Chinese scholartree provided by the invention, the seedling raising manners strong operability provided, seedling emergence are neat, the high survival rate in transplanting afforestation, nursery stock growing way is good, and color is normal, it has no mechanical damage, no disease and pests harm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to botanical seedling culturing technical fields, and in particular to a kind of method for culturing seedlings of the husky Chinese scholartree of silver.
Background technique
Silver-colored sand Chinese scholartree (Ammodendron bifolium) belongs to mesquite, and China is only distributed in Xinjiang Huocheng Plutarch that not
The fixation in your desert, semi-fixed sandy land, the Soviet Union Central Asia is also distributed.
The high 50-150 cm of plant, old branch are filbert, spray light gray-white.Stipule needle prick shape, long 1-2.5 mm, hardening, place
It deposits, falls off sometimes;The long 1-3 cm of rachis, apex needle prick shape harbor;Leaflet is a pair of, square round shape obovate, long 1.4-2.5 cm,
Wide 0.5-0.8 cm, the sharp point of apex, raceme is more loose, and basidixed or side are raw;The long 0.4-1.0 cm of bennet, spends 5-30,
0.3 cm of calyx, by white fine hair, flower purple, long 0.5-0.7 cm;Pod square is round, light yellow, long 1.2-1.8 cm, wide 0.5-
0.8 cm, pod have one, seed.May at florescence, the fruiting period 6-7 month.
Silver-colored sand Chinese scholartree thousand grain weigth 17.4g, plants the hard keratin of skin, has impermeability.It is seen under the microscope according to Zhou Junying etc.
It examines, kind skin first layer is cuticula, and the second layer is that tool heavy wall arranges close palisade cell, seed water suction is hampered, and absorb water
Pipeline hilum is larger, in closed state under moisture conditions, and just opens when dry.Therefore, it is difficult to absorb water with water seed soaking
It sprouts, specially treated must can be only achieved the purpose of water suction vernalization.
It is born in sand ground, sand dune due to practising, is born in Saline sand soil sometimes, saline-alkali tolerant, drought resistance and cold-resistant are strong, dry for northwest
The preferable sand-fixation plant in drought and sand area.Natural distributed area stenosis, the local masses often herd, gather firewood and adopt in addition, lack to distributed area
Fencing, closure, silver sand Chinese scholartree natural population receive very havoc.Along with the hard keratin of kind of skin, has impermeability, naturally more
New ability is poor, and resource quantity is increasingly reduced, therefore is listed in Chinese Second Class Key Protected Plant now.As it can be seen that the husky Chinese scholartree of artificial breeding silver
Work becomes particularly important.
In recent years, domestic scholars carry out introduction and acclimatization and the artificial cultivation technique research of silver-colored husky Chinese scholartree extensively, but due to silver-colored husky
Chinese scholartree seedling-raising technique difficulty is larger, and seedling is highly prone to the infringement of aphid after emergence, in addition nursery stock transplanting such as is difficult to survive at the reasons, it should
Tree kind is not used widely always in the improvement of the ecological environment of Arid Desert Area.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to above-mentioned defects in the prior art, provide a kind of method for culturing seedlings of husky Chinese scholartree of silver.
To achieve the goals above, technical solution provided by the invention are as follows: a kind of method for culturing seedlings of the husky Chinese scholartree of silver, including it is following
Step:
1) nursery selection and processing;
2) seed selection and processing;
3) sowing is handled;
4) seedling management;
5) outplanting.
Further, the method for culturing seedlings of the above-mentioned husky Chinese scholartree of a kind of silver, in the step 1), nursery is selected away from reproducing area 10
Within kilometer range, convenient transportation, topography is flat, and draining is good, has the sandy land of water source or irrigation conditions, using ridge riffling
It broadcasts, seedbed is south-north direction, it distributes alternately with pavement, the wide 1.4m in seedbed, long 5m, the wide 0.4m of pavement, length and seedbed length phase
Together, by seedbed compacting, disinfection, then it is filled with enough sowing water.
Further, the method for culturing seedlings of the above-mentioned husky Chinese scholartree of a kind of silver, in the step 2, seed selection method are as follows: selected I
The husky Chinese scholartree seed of grade silver, and quarantine;Method for treating seeds are as follows: vernalization after first sterilizing, disinfection is the permanganic acid that seed is placed on to 0.5%
2h is impregnated in aqueous slkali, after being rinsed after pulling out with clear water, is made thinner and is dried in the shade;Vernalization be by seed dense sulfuric acid treatment 10-15 minutes,
There is black patches to the surface of the seed, rinsed well immediately with clear water, then impregnates 24 hours to after natural cooling with 35 DEG C of warm water,
The seed for pulling water swelling out, is placed in leeward area without shade, vernalization 20-24 hours of bored kind of lid wet cloth, and 70% or more seed absorbs water swollen
It is swollen.
Further, the method for culturing seedlings of the above-mentioned husky Chinese scholartree of a kind of silver in the step 3), sows processing method are as follows: selection 4
The last ten-days period to the first tenday period of a month in May moon are the Suitable Sowing Period of the husky Chinese scholartree of silver;Temperature is in 10 DEG C or more, 22 DEG C of ground temperature at this time, directly outdoor
Situation just meets the needs of silver-colored husky Chinese scholartree germination and emergence, and germination percentage can reach 36.33%;Application rate is every square metre of sowing seed
21 grams or 1200;25 grams every square metre of dosage is pressed in type of seeding for behind smooth good seedbed, seedbed is compacted, again with sulphur powder
It is sprinkled into, and ploughs and carry out disinfection, then sprinkle profoundly water, seedbed is allowed sufficiently to absorb water, nursery, line-spacing 20- are broadcast using ridge riffling every 3 days
25cm, thickness of earth covering 1.5-2cm broadcast the rear next day along ditch having peace of mind;After planting seedling is exposed to the sun in order to prevent, reduces survival rate, is needed
Do shading treatment.
Further, the method for culturing seedlings of the above-mentioned husky Chinese scholartree of a kind of silver, in the step 4), seedling management method are as follows: liquid manure
Management is constantly to adjust the ratio and amount of application of nitrogen, phosphorus according to the requirement of each developmental stage of nursery stock, after seedling growth 20 days,
When pouring first time water, urea [CO (NH is applied2)2] 20kg/ mus, Later growth stops using nitrogenous fertilizer, per acre application of phosphoric acid hydrogen diammonium
[(NH4)2HPO4] 15kg, promote nursery stock lignifying, top dressing and watering, which combine, to be carried out;It is filled with enough bottom water before silver-colored sand Chinese scholartree sowing, after planting
It does not rewater, after 90% or more comes up, every morning, water spray was primary, kept topsoil wet;After seedling growth 20 days,
Pour primary permeable, silver sand pours water 1-2 times and be advisable, usually avoid ponding in Chinese scholartree seedling year;It is loose in time after watering and heavy rain
Soil prevents ground hardened, is watered later according to matrix degree of drying timely and appropriate discovery;Poured before freeze-up it is primary permeable, it is dry to prevent physiology
Drought;Silver-colored sand Chinese scholartree thinning after referring to that seedling goes out homogeneous week, removes excessive seedling, retains 50~70 in every square metre of seedbed
Strain seedling, thinning and will spray water after filling the gaps with seedlings immediately;Weeding is the weeds removed on seedbed and pavement, and artificial weeding is wet in matrix
When root out, to prevent loosen seedling root;The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control refers to, silver sand Chinese scholartree easily causes the harm of aphid in seedling stage, and
When prevent, once discovery aphid, is alternately prevented and treated with DDVP and flolimat, need to also set up fence around nursery, prevent
The husky Chinese scholartree seedling of wild animal grazing eclipse silver.
Further, the method for culturing seedlings of the above-mentioned husky Chinese scholartree of a kind of silver, in the step 5), outplanting method are as follows: lifting
Mutually it is connected with Afforestation Time, first scrapes out field planting hole, then field planting current year watering 2-3 times, is poured every time with lifting with being colonized with watering
It weeds with a hoe after water, cut down according to the circumstance irrigation times later;It waters before lifting, the root system of too long 25cm is cut off with edge tool;Silver
The husky annual long 55cm of seedling main root of Chinese scholartree, 30 × 45cm of root range are distributed in horizontal branch assembly in the deep soil layer of 25cm or less, radical
Up to 10, horizontal branch is for up to 32cm, and biennial plant main root pricks 98cm, main root central diameter 0.31cm, 100 × 80cm of root range deeply,
Longest lateral root reaches 130cm;One, the husky Chinese scholartree of biennial silver can reach 63.3% with soil or without the transplanting survival rate of soil.
The invention has the benefit that a kind of method for culturing seedlings of rare or endangered species-Yin Sha Chinese scholartree provided by the invention, provides
Seedling raising manners strong operability, seedling emergence is neat, transplanting afforestation in high survival rate, nursery stock growing way is good, and color is normal, inorganic
Tool damage, no disease and pests harm.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of method for culturing seedlings of the husky Chinese scholartree of silver includes the seedbed selection of silver-colored husky Chinese scholartree nursery, method for culturing seedlings, tending management and out
Garden etc., suitable for the arid-desert area room Yin Shahuai outside and nurse young plants in hothouses, specifically includes the following steps:
1, nursery selection and seedbed processing
The selection of 1.1 nursery
In line with adaptation to local conditions, the principle of nearest nursery is selected in close away from reproducing area, and topography is flat, convenient transportation, nursery and
Surrounding drains well, and interior water does not accumulate, and outer water does not flood, and has water source or irrigation conditions, the sandy soil convenient for management;Select the soil organism
It is 0.24%, full nitrogen 0.03%, full phosphorus 0.04%;Place of the sandy land of pH value 7 or so as nursery.This is because sandy land one
As it is loosely organized, gas permeability is strong, and soil warming is fast, is conducive to germination and growth of seedling.
The processing of 1.2 seedbeds
At the beginning of sowing winter the previous year, with ploughing deeply garden, most grass roots is picked up, be filled with enough winter water.In morning in next year spring-time harrow a kind of farm tools garden, seedling is carried out
Bed, seedbed is south-north direction, is distributed alternately with pavement, the wide 1.4m in seedbed, 5 meters, the wide 0.4m of pavement long, length and seedbed length phase
Together.Pest and disease damage occurs for prevention nursery stock, is carried out disinfection to seedbed using 3% ferrous sulfate, seedbed compacting, surface is sprayed and disappeared
After venom, more than film covering for 24 hours, then sowed again.
2, seed selection and processing
Seed preparation: the selected husky Chinese scholartree seed of I grade of silver, and quarantine;
Seed disinfection: seed is placed in 0.5% permanganic acid aqueous slkali and impregnates 2h, after being rinsed after pulling out with clear water, made thinner
It dries in the shade;
Presprouting of seeds: using dense sulfuric acid treatment 10-15 minutes, until black patches occurs in the surface of the seed, is rinsed immediately with clear water dry
Only, 24 hours then are impregnated to after natural cooling with 35 DEG C of warm water, pull the seed of water swelling out, be placed in leeward area without shade, cover
Vernalization 20-24 hours of bored kind of wet cloth, 70% or more seed water swelling.
3, it sows and handles
Sowing time: too early or too late sowing, because temperature, ground temperature are too low or too high, thus cannot germinate in time after broadcasting or
The burn of person seedling, the first tenday period of a month in late April to May are silver husky Chinese scholartree optimum sowing time;At this time at this moment temperature in 10 DEG C or more, ground temperature
22 DEG C or so, the needs of silver-colored husky Chinese scholartree germination and emergence directly can be also met in outdoor situation, do not need covering with ground sheeting, germination percentage
It can reach 36.33%.
Application rate: 21 grams or so seeds (about 1200 seeds) of every square metre of sowing;
Type of seeding: drenching the seedbed water before sowing, seedbed is allowed sufficiently to absorb water, and was broadcast every 3 days using ridge riffling, line-spacing 20-
25cm, thickness of earth covering are 1.5-2cm (when depth of planting is more than 2cm, emergence rate has the tendency that the increase with depth and reduces), are broadcast
The afterwards next day, is along ditch having peace of mind.Accomplish not replay, not broadcast leakage.
Processing: seedling is exposed to the sun in order to prevent, is reduced survival rate, need to be done shading treatment.
4, seedling management
4.1 water and fertilizer management
According to the requirement of each developmental stage of nursery stock, constantly adjustment nitrogen, phosphorus, the ratio of potassium and amount of application.When silver-colored husky Chinese scholartree is long
Out when true leaf, suitably additional nitrogenous fertilizer can effectively promote very husky Chinese scholartree seedling growth, and Later growth stops using nitrogenous fertilizer, appropriate to increase
Add phosphorus, potash fertilizer, promotes nursery stock lignifying.Top dressing and watering, which combine, to be carried out.
Silver-colored sand Chinese scholartree well developed root system, beam/from than big (3.71), water absorbing force is strong (flow of water is -17.15 bars).According to our projects
Group years of researches show that growth is normal in the Minqin Arid Desert Area of 4.5 or more aridity K value, have no dried-up and withered phenomenon.
On the contrary, in the case where mostly watering or chance cloudy weather for several days running day, it may appear that the mold of seed of silver sand Chinese scholartree, rotten of underground and ground are withered existing
As.Therefore timely and appropriate discovery is wanted in watering;It is filled with enough bottom water before sowing, does not rewater after planting, after waiting 90% or more to come up, daily
Morning water spray is primary, keeps topsoil wet;After seedling growth 20 days, pour primary permeable, silver sand Chinese scholartree seedling is afraid of flood, and pouring water will fit
Shi Shiliang, pouring water in year 1-2 times is advisable, and usually avoids ponding;After watering and heavy rain, to loosen the soil in time, prevent ground hardened.
It is watered later according to matrix degree of drying timely and appropriate discovery;Poured before freeze-up it is primary permeable, to prevent physiological drought.
4.2 thinning
After seedling goes out homogeneous week, excessive seedling is removed, 50~70 plants or so childrens of reservation in each square metre of seedbed
Seedling, thinning and will spray water after filling the gaps with seedlings immediately.
4.3 weeding
Grasp " except it is early, except it is small, in addition to " principle, accomplish that, without weeds on seedbed and pavement, artificial weeding is wet in matrix
When root out, to prevent loosen seedling root.
4.4 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Silver-colored sand Chinese scholartree easily causes the harm of aphid in seedling stage, to prevent in time, once discovery aphid, with DDVP and oxidation
Rogor is alternately prevented and treated, and relatively satisfactory effect can be obtained.In addition, the wild animals such as rabbit are fond of silver-colored husky Chinese scholartree seedling, therefore will be
Fence is set up around nursery.
5, outplanting
5.1 are out of the garden specification: the silver sand Chinese scholartree container seedling specification that is out of the garden is as shown in table 1.
Table
5.2 liftings transport seedling
Lifting should mutually be connected with Afforestation Time, first scrape out field planting hole, and then with lifting with being colonized with watering, field planting current year is poured
Water 2-3 times, and pay attention to weeding with a hoe after watering every time, cut down according to the circumstance irrigation times later.It waters before lifting, is cut off with edge tool
Too long root system cannot pull out firmly, forbid with portable seedling stem.
6, seedling-raising technique manages archives
Seedling-raising technique management archive content includes: the amount of labour used and supplies consumption of seedling-raising technique, seedling management, every operation
Deng.
Finally, it should be noted that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, still may be used
To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features.
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for culturing seedlings of the husky Chinese scholartree of silver, which comprises the following steps:
1) nursery selection and processing:
Within nursery selection is away from 10 kilometer range of reproducing area, convenient transportation, topography is flat, and draining is good, there is water source or pouring
The sandy land of condition is broadcast using ridge riffling, and seedbed is south-north direction, is distributed alternately with pavement, the wide 1.4m in seedbed, long 5m, pavement
Wide 0.4m, length is identical as seedbed length, by seedbed compacting, disinfection, is then filled with enough sowing water;
2) seed selection and processing:
Seed selection method are as follows: the selected husky Chinese scholartree seed of I grade of silver, and quarantine;Method for treating seeds are as follows: vernalization after first sterilizing, disinfection
It is to impregnate 2h in the permanganic acid aqueous slkali for be placed on seed 0.5%, after being rinsed after pulling out with clear water, makes thinner and dry in the shade;Vernalization is will to plant
Son is used dense sulfuric acid treatment 10-15 minutes, until black patches occurs in the surface of the seed, is rinsed well immediately with clear water, then with 35 DEG C of temperature
Water impregnates 24 hours to after natural cooling, pulls the seed of water swelling out, is placed in leeward area without shade, bored kind of vernalization 20- of lid wet cloth
24 hours, 70% or more seed water swelling;
3) sowing is handled:
Sow processing method are as follows: select the first tenday period of a month in late April to May for the Suitable Sowing Period of silver-colored husky Chinese scholartree;Temperature is at 10 DEG C at this time
Above, 22 DEG C of ground temperature, directly just meet the needs of silver-colored husky Chinese scholartree germination and emergence in outdoor situation, and germination percentage can reach 36.33%;
Application rate is every square metre 21 grams or 1200 of sowing seed;Type of seeding be smooth good seedbed after, seedbed is compacted, then with sulphur
Sulphur powder is sprinkled into and is ploughed by 25 grams every square metre of dosage and carried out disinfection, and then sprinkles profoundly water, seedbed is allowed sufficiently to absorb water, and is adopted every 3 days
Nursery is broadcast with ridge riffling, line-spacing 20-25cm, thickness of earth covering 1.5-2cm broadcast the rear next day along ditch having peace of mind;After planting in order to prevent
Seedling is exposed to the sun, and is reduced survival rate, need to be done shading treatment;
4) seedling management:
Seedling management method are as follows: water and fertilizer management be according to the requirement of each developmental stage of nursery stock, constantly adjustment nitrogen, phosphorus ratio and
Amount of application after seedling growth 20 days, when pouring first time water, applies urea CO (NH2)220kg/ mus, Later growth stops using nitrogen
Fertilizer, application of phosphoric acid hydrogen diammonium 15kg, promotes nursery stock lignifying per acre, and top dressing and watering, which combine, to be carried out;It is filled with enough before silver-colored sand Chinese scholartree sowing
Bottom water does not rewater after planting, and after 90% or more comes up, every morning, water spray was primary, keeps topsoil wet;Nursery stock
After growth 20 days, pour primary permeable, silver sand is poured water 1-2 times in Chinese scholartree seedling year, and ponding is usually avoided;After watering and heavy rain,
It loosens the soil in time, prevents ground hardened, watered later according to matrix degree of drying timely and appropriate discovery;Poured before freeze-up it is primary permeable, to prevent
Physiological drought;Silver-colored sand Chinese scholartree thinning after referring to that seedling goes out homogeneous week, removes excessive seedling, retains in every square metre of seedbed
50~70 plants of seedling, thinning and will spray water after filling the gaps with seedlings immediately;Weeding is the weeds removed on seedbed and pavement, and artificial weeding is in base
Matter is rooted out when wet, to prevent from loosening seedling root;The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control refers to that silver sand Chinese scholartree easily causes the danger of aphid in seedling stage
Evil, prevent in time, once discovery aphid, is alternately prevented and treated with DDVP and flolimat, need to also be enclosed setting up around nursery
Column prevents the husky Chinese scholartree seedling of wild animal grazing eclipse silver;
5) outplanting:
Outplanting method are as follows: lifting is mutually connected with Afforestation Time, first scrapes out field planting hole, then with lifting with field planting with watering,
It field planting current year watering 2-3 times, weeds with a hoe after watering every time, cut down according to the circumstance irrigation times later;It waters before lifting, with sharp work
Root system of the tool cutting more than 25cm long;The silver-colored sand Chinese scholartree annual long 55cm of seedling main root, 30 × 45cm of root range, in horizontal branch assembly point
Cloth is in the deep soil layer of 25cm or less, and for radical up to 10, horizontal branch is for up to 32cm, and biennial plant main root pricks 98cm, main root deeply
Central diameter 0.31cm, 100 × 80cm of root range, longest lateral root reach 130cm;One, the husky Chinese scholartree band soil of biennial silver or without native transplanting at
Motility rate can reach 63.3%.
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