CN106937577A - A kind of method of the live building well of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach jujube - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to cultivate technical field, a kind of specifically related to method of the live building well of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach jujube, including building well addressing, Garden Planning and infrastructure, site preparation and base manure, broadcast the technologies such as preceding preparation, sowing, nursery stock management, grafting, water and fertilizer management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, diaster prevention and control, shelterbelt construction, field planting trimming, the present invention is practical, there is low cost, into the garden time is short, instant effect, with good economic benefit, and energy carbon fixation and oxygen release, the conservation of soil and water, there is good ecological effect.

Description

A kind of method of the live building well of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach jujube

Technical field

The invention belongs to cultivate technical field, and in particular to a kind of side of the live building well of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach jujube Method.

Background technology

Xinjiang South Sinkiang, many cities and towns oasis are located at the middle and lower part of bajada, and oasis periphery is often large area Gobi desert barren beach, these soils in Oasis Land development process, suffer from destruction and irrational utilization, not only result in green The generation of continent land deterioration, while can also make Oasis Ecological Environment Quality Down.Oasis Development is being met to demand of land resources, Optimum development industry of planting forest or fruit tress, can not only improve the utilization rate in soil, improve the life of the masses, while can also improve the ecology in oasis Defencive function, therefore be a relatively good developing direction.

Jujube is the extraordinary nonwood forest trees of existing market prospect, in wide Southern Xinjiang, the development of red dates industry Advance by leaps and bounds.But it is due to the restraining factors that Gobi desert barren beach has many Non-timber Forestry Developments, it is therefore necessary to using some technologies The sound development of economic forest can be realized.South Sinkiang region is wide, and geological conditions, climatic environment are also complex, wants to carry out jujube Plantation, has larger requirement, in addition, implantation methods also directly affect the construction of jujube garden to the addressing in field.In order to realize Gobi desert Barren beach jujube plantation with building well, it is necessary to from building well addressing, Garden Planning and infrastructure, site preparation, broadcast before prepare to Sowing, nursery, grafting, water and fertilizer management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, diaster prevention and control, shelterbelt construction, and trimming etc. a series of technologies arrange Apply.

The content of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method of the live building well of jujube, Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert is particularly suitable for The method of the live building well of jujube, improves South Sinkiang ecological environment, promotes local economic development.

To achieve the above object, the invention discloses a kind of method of the live building well of jujube of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach, Comprise the following steps：

Step 1. building well addressing

Barren beach not all environment in Gobi desert is suitable for building well in front of the mountains, because Xinjiang South Sinkiang, region is wide, in front of the mountains geological conditions Climatic environment is also complex, wants to carry out economic forest plantation, it is necessary to possess following primary condition：(1) first had to fill The water recharging (underground water or surface water) of foot, need water in dry climate condition forest to ensure；(2) soil bar Part, it is desirable to have relatively deep soil layer construction, depth should be more than 2 meters, and plasma of the particle diameter less than 0.25mm contains wherein in soil Amount is more than 50%, it is impossible to excessively thick matter, and soil with organic matter content is more than 6g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and is more than 60mg/kg, available phosphorus Content is more than 6mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content and is more than 51mg/kg, total salt content less than 16g/kg, ph value less than 8.5, if necessary Carry out winter irrigation pressure alkali；(3) sunlight of abundance is needed, it is impossible to block, or hypsography low-lying region, select physical features flat, physical features Rise and fall little broad regions, in order to avoid cause the influence of high temperature in front of the mountains or low temperature temperature to growth and development of jujube trees；(4) traffic is just Profit, human resources are sufficient, there is electric power safeguard, it is impossible to too remote away from Oasis Urban, to ensure the development of plant development, reduce into This.

Following principle should be followed in addressing：(1) the good principle of environment, ensures fruit tree healthy growth；(2) go after profits and advoid disadvantages original Then, it is advantageously selected for the location that jujube grows, it is to avoid the influence of unfavorable factor；(3) ecological protection and security doctrine, it is impossible to Frost, high temperature, strong wind frequently region are selected, in order to avoid causing damage, is progressively improved the ecological environment on the basis of production safety； (4) principle of convenience is produced, barren beach itself working condition in Gobi desert has many unfavorable factors, it is therefore desirable to put into human and material resources Carry out maintenance management, and sufficient electric power, liquid manure, human resources, easily means of transportation, it is important base strip that cities and towns, which are ensured, Part.

Step 2. Garden Planning and infrastructure

According to scale of operation, basic condition, fund state etc., integrated planning is carried out to the field chosen, it is planned and needed It is noted that the following aspects：(1) infrastructure is complete, includes building (office, toolroom, warehouse, the plant equipment of garden The infrastructure such as storehouse, waste disposal field) should be as far as possible complete as the case may be, the need for ensureing production, it can use in life The method of gradual perfection, to reduce the pressure disposably put into, but should leave enough hairs in planning during industry battalion Open up space；(2) road piping system is complete, including major trunk roads, guidance, production designated lane etc. should on Garden Planning basis Working condition carries out Reasonable Arrangement, and power network should be able to meet Production requirement reasonable Arrangement.Pipeline can be according to feelings with canalization Condition specifically arranges, possess irrigation conditions region should reasonable Arrangement open channel, pipeline, but In The Soil of Xinjiang and containing certain salinity, Therefore prolonged irrigate is easily caused level of ground water rising, and earth's surface salification situation, and make tree growth bad, therefore Groundwater change and soil salt are monitored, it is necessary to build pumping equipment, it is to avoid to produce this life that underground water rises because irrigating Salination occurs.Gobi desert barren beach shortage of water resources, from the angle of water-saving irrigation, using being more widely drip irrigation and infiltrating irrigation skill Art, but it is also noted that the problem of salt accumulation in soil, in pipeline laying should in line with beneficial to economizing on water, meet fruit tree growth needs to be former Then, conditional region can according to circumstances set pumping plant, water-fertilizer integral irrigation system, the small-sized storage reservoir gravity irrigation system in mountain area System etc..(3) should have sustainability and ecological security on Garden Planning, be equipped with necessary jujube garden shelter-forest measure, improve Orchard is windproof, drought resisting, cold tolerance, while some pest and disease damage prevention and control facilities should be paid attention to, it is to avoid disease pest is brought unnecessary Loss.

Rational deployment is answered in Garden Planning and construction, should try one's best reduce nonproductive land used in principle, general growing area area It is not less than 85%, shelter-forest takes up an area 1%-5%, road irrigation canals and ditches take up an area 6%-8%, other 1%-1.5%.

Step 3. site preparation and base manure

At the beginning of mid or late March to 4 months, barren beach weeds are removed, shrub, in order to check winds and fix drifting sand, can remove site preparation using banding, protect Undershrub and part herbaceous plant are stayed, soil is ploughed, picks up grass roots, the shrub of removing, weeds are transported to outside garden, is dried to dry It is dry；Because Gobi desert barren beach gravel is more, soil is hard, therefore turns over and to carry out, general to be plowed using big-powered tractor, ditches Machine, ploughs deeply more than soil 70-80cm.Perennial shrub and grass roots need to remove, in order to avoid germination and growth again, the more ground of weeds Block, an Amex820 is sprayed before can using film coating technique, plastic film mulch, strictly to control consumption, and consumption is no more than 1500g/hm², nothing Herbicide is not applied in careless or few plot as far as possible, influences to emerge to prevent corroding benevolence.Level land as far as possible, it is conditional Place can ridge.Trench digging applies the organic fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed, machine fertilizer 60-80m before sowing³/hm²(this works in the progress of autumn last year More preferably, determined according to the laborious situation of soil, first base manure will go up foot), calcium superphosphate 750kg/hm²Or phosphorus diamines 30kg/hm², sulphur Sour K composite fertilizer 225kg/hm²。

Step 4. broadcasts preceding preparation

The ground that spring has abundant water resources can pour pre-sowing water, water consumption 2000m³/hm²5~7d carries out rake a kind of farm tools guarantor after left and right, water Moisture in the soil, depth of raking the soil level is determined according to soil types, preferably shallow more than sandy loam, preferably deep more than clay loam, and pure sand ground a kind of farm tools is not harrowed.There is drip irrigation to set The plot applied preferably selects drip irrigation to irrigate, and dropper band is no less than 2~2.5L/h dropper band from flow, can be according to irrigation district size It is unified to lay, to ensure that nursery stock can obtain sufficient water supply.Under-film drip irrigation, spreads in the lump in plastic film mulch, it is ensured that every row jujube kind Planting row has dropper band.To ensure to emerge available film coating technique, using white mulch film, mechanically or manually plastic film mulch, according to reality Border planning carries out overlay film, and film is wide and spacing, can flexibly be selected according to plantation density, generally a width of preferably with laminating machine 60cm, band away from 0.8-1.5m, laying of the membrane quality reach directly, exhibition, flat, tight, real effect, and suppression is noted, in order to avoid early spring wind-sand activity causes ground greatly Film is destroyed.

Step 5. is sowed

From benevolence is full, outward appearance dark brown, impurity reach more than 95% less than 10%, germination percentage more than 85%, purity Wild jujube benevolence, reject damaged, the flat kind and impurity etc. in seed.It such as need in advance sow, seed soaking be can select, with 50 DEG C 12~24h of water seed soaking, makes after seed fully absorbs water, sowing the previous day pull 2~3h of drying out after use.Normal season sowing Directly it can be sowed without seed soaking but with wild jujube benevolence.It is generally native at the beginning of being typically chosen in mid-April to 5 months in date of seeding selection Earth 5cm soil layer mean temperatures can be sowed when reaching 12-18 DEG C, and the too early soil moisture is low, and germination is slow, too late growth period shortening. Strain, line-spacing in type of seeding according to planning, using Plug-seedling sower push open sowing cave, manually sowed, also can machinery broadcast Kind.Line-spacing 1-1.5m on usual film, 10cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, sowing cave depth 2cm are stayed per film both sides, 2~4 kinds are put into per cave Son, 2.5~3cm of thickness of earth-fill cover.Row is broadcast it is required that reaching straight, line-spacing uniformity, weight is suitable, never leakage kind, leakage is covered, covered Native blocked up (saline and alkaline heavier plot sandy soil cover-seeding cave), wants timely moisturizing after broadcasting, emerged with ensureing.

Step 6. nursery stock manages

Managing after sowing, it should be noted that abolish hardened, if preventing and treating runs into rainy weather before after planting emerging, causes soil hardening shadow Sound is emerged, and to carry out abolishing hardened in good time after the rain.Look into seedling to reseed, after planting 15~20d's wild jujube can emerge, after emerging in time Seedling is looked into, if lacking 1 plant can not reseed, continuous scarce more than 2 plants need to just reseed in time, require to carry out vernalization processing to seed when reseeding. Final singling is carried out when seedling length to 4~5 true leaves or seedling length to 10cm or so, unnecessary seedling is gone in time, 1 plant of strong sprout is stayed per cave, Mulch film is removed simultaneously.Pinching is pinched, according to " branch to when not waiting, when to the branch such as not " principle, pinch in good time, it is ensured that wild jujube then Seedling reaches grafting rugosity, and nursery stock aging maturation being capable of safe overwintering.Carried out when height of seedling reaches more than 40cm mid-July for the first time Pinch, extract leading shoot point, promote diameter increment；It is complete to not dormant all major-minor tips by the end of July at the beginning of August i.e. before the beginning of autumn Portion is pinched, and it is stopped growing in time.

Step 7. grafting

Wild jujube sowing Second Year can carry out grafting, should fully pour water once in grafting previous week, it is ensured that grafting is to be followed by Fringe is normally sprouted.Wild jujube stock is cut again apart from ground 8cm before grafting, the wild jujube branch wiped out is scavenged into outside garden, jujube is kept Garden neat and tidy.Centered on wild jujube stock, by earth's surface 0.2m²In the range of soil layer rake or spade plane open, depth is not with The near surface root for hindering jujube tree is advisable.This work be in order to reduce the bud picking workload after grafting and improve graft survival rate.Adopt The collection time can gather before jujube tree sprouts into rest period to tree body, gather the best in quality of scion bud 2~March.Scion is selected Branch on the excellent adult high yield tree of robust growth, no disease and pests harm, kind, from 1~2 year raw jujube head, footpath slightly with 0.5~ 1.0cm is advisable.Per pitch bud point top 1cm, bottom 5cm cut, 1 bud is only stayed in general each scion, using preservation of sealing with wax, together When note low-temperature preservation.Grafting time, which is usually chosen in, to carry out grafting 4 last ten-days period to mid-May and is advisable, and concrete condition, which is regarded, works as ground vapour Tender feeling condition is flexibly selected.The grafting of grafting jujube seedling typically uses root cleft graft, notices that interface will be brought into close contact, bondage is good, no Gap can be left.Sprout tillers is produced after grafting, on the trunk and root of wild jujube tree, it is necessary to which in time except sprouting, such as removing not in time will Cause that the growth of stock tiller is fast, scion growth is slow, last scion can because nutrition supply is not enough and it is progressively dead.So generally grafting 7~10d should carry out once removing rudiment afterwards, continuous 3~4 times, enter when scion grows 30~40cm after vigorous growth, sprout tillers is Stop growing.After grafting survival, bondage thing is released in good time, but should not release bondage thing too early, so as not to because interface growth loosely and Grafting is scraped folding by wind, typically to reach more than 30cm when scionwood length, the obvious overstriking of scion, and due to bondage thing When bundling and having influence on diameter increment, bondage thing, the larger place of such as wind can be just untied, it is contemplated that protection is carried out using column and connect Young sprout on fringe and scion, specific method is that wound heals completely when young sprout grows into more than 30cm.A branch is tied up on stock Post, more than strut lengths 70cm, rugosity more than diameter 1cm.One is strapped on stock or inserts in soil, and one is strapped in young sprout On, to fix young sprout.Inspection graft survival rate is also noted that simultaneously, it is low survival rate such as occur, and reason is analyzed in time, is adjusted It is whole.

Step 8. water and fertilizer management

Using flood irrigation mode, whole year fills 3~4 water；Drip irrigation is taken, whole year drips 6~7 times, according to soil Soil moisture content and weather conditions flexibly select to determine.Usual mid-June fills head water, fills two water mid-July, and early August fills three water, flood irrigation Pour water 1500~2000m every time³/hm², drip irrigation drips in time according to soil moisture content, each 350~500m of irrigation quantity³/hm², August Forbid to pour water after 20 days.By the end of October survive the winter water, irrigation quantity 1500m were filled to November 5³/hm².In the use of fertilizer, the annual spring Before Ji Mengdong, trench digging adds organic fertilizer near sapling, and the region of trench digging and depth apply rear earthing town not hinder with being defined Pressure, generally 30~45m of trench digging deep placement decay sheep excrement³/hm²Or Chicken dung 30m³/hm², deep 30~40cm, from jujube seedling 40cm.Nothing Machine fertilizer every year, early stage was to apply based on the nitrogenous fertilizer such as ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, mid-term according to the principle controlled after preceding rush Based on the phosphorus potash fertilizers such as calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, organic phosphatic fertiliser, plant ash, potassium sulfate, the later stage does not apply fertilizer；Fertilization mode Can be adopted as imposing with water, with drip irrigation by applying optimal after proportioning mixing, a large amount of fertilizer can be saved, dose according to soil fertility and The growth of cereal crop seedlings is specifically determined.

Step 9. prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

The usual common pest and disease damage of jujube tree has jujube cecidomyiia, jujube inchworm, red spider, jujube rust, jujube witches broom etc.；Grafting is then Pest and disease damage mainly has red spider, jujube cecidomyiia, small heart-eating peach worm, leafhopper and bollworm.The pest and disease damage of correlation is can refer in preventing and treating Prevention and controls are carried out, and generally have the method for medical treatment, biological control and physical control, wherein medical treatment is generally in April Early and middle ten dayses, full garden sprays lime sulfur, plays sterilized and killing egg.Mid or late April~the first tenday period of a month in May, jujube cecidomyiia is monitored, and Early prevention, full garden sprays insecticide.Mid-May, 3000 times of liquid AVMs are sprayed, prevent red spider, all discovery leaves of 6~August Piece has 2~3 red spiders, and acaricide is sprayed in time.September early and middle ten dayses, jujube enters crisp ripe phase, 1 time 0.3% nitric acid of foliage-spray Calcium+bactericide, prevents the disease such as jujube preharvest drop and jujube black spot, jujube fruit-shrink disease, cracked fruit.As trunk is endured cold or is broken Damage, May, early and middle ten dayses struck off damaged wound, smeared insecticide, consolidant.The harm gloomy phycitid of trunk pest is killed, Lao Pi is struck off Layer, wound smears the sharp special 500 times of liquid of 5% strength or 48% chlopyrifos, 400 times of liquid, can add consolidant, promotes wound healing.Physics is prevented Optional solar insect-killing light is controlled, in field reasonable Arrangement.

Step 10. diaster prevention and control

Gobi desert barren beach natural environment is relatively poor, easily produces the shadow of the natural calamities such as strong wind, frost, high temperature and hail Ring, therefore corresponding safeguard procedures should be carried out, preferably coordinate shelterbelt construction effect preferably, checking winds and fixing drifting sand, heat, cooling side Face can be effective, such as before shelter-forest does not build up, in the case where not influenceing jujube growth, can suitably member-retaining portion ground it is former Raw vegetation, such as annual herb, undershrub banding or block reservation, can arrive protective action, while in the case of conditional Ground mulching can be carried out, such as straw screen or mat, black counterdie can also carry out crops, vegetables and herbage strip cropping, you can have certain Income can also play the protection effect done very well simultaneously.The protection relative difficult of hail, should evade hail typically in addressing The big area of occurrence frequency.

Step 11. shelterbelt construction

Jujube garden shelter-forest is extremely important in the protective action of Gobi desert barren beach, be ensure jujube garden safety in production and high yield it is important Aspect.Generally according to jujube garden windburn, the configuration of protection forest net is rationally set, and main harmful-wind directions should be with forest belt perpendicular angle or sharp Angle is advisable, and bandwidth can be selected suitably, can effectively stop that wind is defined, and appropriate regulation forest belt density, general sparseness structure is preferable, 2- 4 rows, seeds preferably use mixed forest to configure based on the conventional shelter-forest seeds in locality.It is typically chosen Xinjiang poplar, diversiform-leaved poplar, gray poplar As chief species, arrow-leaved oleaster, sea-buckthorn, apricot, Chinese tamarisk etc. are associated species, can also coordinate some undershrubs and herbaceous plant.

Step 12. field planting trimming

Grafting is rationally colonized on the 3rd year according to plantation density, and general line-spacing enters rower using 3m, spacing in the rows 2m specification Quasi- building well, unnecessary nursery stock is removed, and keep a full stand of seedings 1665 plants/hm².Also dense planting, line-spacing 1.5-2m, spacing in the rows 1- can be used 0.5m, concrete mode is flexibly selected according to management objectives.The jujube tree being colonized, will carry out regularly field management, as intertillage is removed Grass etc..In terms of trimming, Second Year stays a healthy and strong jujube head, remaining jujube after new jujube head is grown on jujube tree trunk after grafting Head can be erased, and when jujube tree whole height reaches 1.2m or so, newborn jujube head is pinched when having 7~8 Secondary Branchs.Secondary Branch is pressed According to tree vigo(u)r, pinching is carried out during length to 5~7 section.The 3rd year summer cut each jujube head and stays 4~5 Secondary Branch pinching, each two after grafting Secondary branch stays 4~5 section pinching, and other jujube heads are removed in time.Cutting back major branch extension branch jujube head and Secondary Branch, culture when winter cuts within 3rd year New jujube head and fruit-bearing shoot cluster.4th, 5 year summer was cut, the winter was cut with the 3rd year.When the annual summer cuts later, competitive branch is removed, erases and is not required to The jujube head of culture.Dense planting jujube garden Growing season needs multiple pinching, in spring rudiment to bud picking by the end of July.To be fitted on blooming period management When pinching, usual primary tiller pinching is more to be carried out when shoot grows to 70~80cm or 6~8 Secondary Branch.Secondary Branch pinching is to plant Strain bottom 1~3 Secondary Branch plucks the top heart when growing to 6~7 section, and 4~5, middle part Secondary Branch plucks the top heart, top when growing to 4~5 section Secondary Branch plucks the top heart when growing to 3~4 section.Florescence is also noted that holding jujube garden humidity, is poured water, and having ready conditions can be using sprinkling irrigation skill Art, improves jujube garden air humidity, can effectively improve fruit-setting rate.Water spraying time preferably in the afternoon 6 when after carry out at dusk, spray water number of times Different because of Drought Stress at Flowering degree, the general time sprayed 1 time every 1 day, sprayed 3~4 times altogether.To save recruitment, water spray can give birth to spray fertilizer, spray Long conditioning agent, which is combined, to be carried out.

Beneficial effects of the present invention：

1. the present invention incorporates the live building techniques of Gobi desert barren beach jujube, practical, sowed then with wild jujube seed, Ground anvil grafting jujube Cheng Yuan is sat within 2nd year, compared with being colonized jujube grafting, has low cost, excellent into garden time short, instant effect etc. Point.This method has reached wild jujube plantation then, born fruit after next year grafting, 4 years standard building wells, the effect of 5 years volume productions.

2. the inventive method makes full use of the environment that Gobi desert barren beach summer temp is high, illumination is sufficient, the temperature difference is big, make jujube Yield and quality is all greatly improved, and can realize the effect of increasing both production and income.And it is not take up land resource inside oasis, soil Cost of use is low, there is significant economic benefit.

3. the present invention is conducive to the land development and utilization of the peripheral Gobi desert barren beach in oasis, jujube is alternatively as Ecological Nonwood Forestry Oasis Urban provides and checked winds and fixed drifting sand, the ecological effect in terms of carbon fixation and oxygen release, the conservation of soil and water.

Embodiment

To further illustrate the present invention, specific embodiment is provided below, but should not be limited to embodiment.

Embodiment 1

A kind of method of the live building well of jujube of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach, comprises the following steps：

1. building well addressing

Selection has a sufficient water recharging, and soil depth is more than 2 meters, particle diameter be less than 0.25mm plasma content 55 ± 5%, soil with organic matter content is more than 6g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and is more than 6mg/kg, available potassium more than 60mg/kg, available phosphorus content and contains Amount is less than 16g/kg, ph value more than 51mg/kg, total salt content and is less than 8.5, and sunny, physical features is flat, and be open to traffic energization, frost, High temperature, strong wind are less, and the place from 20 ± 5km with a distance from Oasis Urban is used as building well address.

2. Garden Planning and infrastructure

Integrated planning is carried out to the field chosen, reserve office, toolroom, warehouse, plant equipment storehouse, at waste material The space of the infrastructure constructions such as reason field, Reasonable Arrangement road piping system, supply and drain water system, using drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation technology, Can be according to condition setting pumping plant, water-fertilizer integral irrigation system, the small-sized storage reservoir gravity irrigation system in mountain area etc..It is equipped with necessary The measure of jujube garden shelter-forest and pest and disease damage prevention and control facility.

Rational deployment is answered in Garden Planning and construction, should try one's best and reduce nonproductive land used, general growing area area is not less than 85%, shelter-forest takes up an area 1%-5%%, and road irrigation canals and ditches take up an area 6%-8%, other 1%-1.5%.

3. site preparation and basal dressing

At the beginning of mid or late March to 4 months, removed and arranged using banding, according to banding member-retaining portion undershrub and herbaceous plant, clearly Except barren beach part weeds, the shrub of removing, weeds are transported to outside garden by shrub, dry to drying；Ploughed using big-powered tractor Earth is ploughed deeply more than 70cm-80cm by ground, ditching machine, soil；Smooth Shangdi, ridging；There are perennial shrub and the more plot of weeds, Using film coating technique, an Amex820 is sprayed before plastic film mulch, consumption is no more than 1500g/hm²；Level land, trench digging applies what is become thoroughly decomposed Organic fertilizer 60-80m³/hm², calcium superphosphate 750kg/hm²/ or phosphorus diamines 300kg/hm², compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 225kg/hm²。

4. broadcast preceding preparation

Watering Irrigation：Irrigated by the way of pre-sowing water or drip irrigation irrigation is poured.

Overlay film：Using white mulch film, mechanically or manually plastic film mulch.

It is preferred that, ground film strips are away from 0.8-1.5m, wide 60cm；

It is preferred that, during using pouring pre-sowing water, water consumption is 2000 ± 100m³/hm², 5~7d carries out rake a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation after water；Adopt When being irrigated with drip irrigation, dropper band flow is more than 2L/h, spreads dropper band in the lump in plastic film mulch.

5. sowing

From benevolence is full, outward appearance dark brown, impurity reach more than 95% less than 10%, germination percentage more than 85%, purity Wild jujube benevolence, reject damaged, the flat kind and impurity etc. in seed；At the beginning of mid-April to 5 months, soil 5cm soil layer mean temperatures It can be sowed when reaching 12-18 DEG C；According to line-spacing 1-1.5m on film, stay 10cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, sowing cave deep per film both sides 2cm, pushes sowing cave open using Plug-seedling sower, 2~4 seeds, 2.5~3cm of earthing is put into per cave；Timely moisturizing is wanted after broadcasting, Emerged with ensureing.

6. nursery stock manages

If running into rainy weather before after planting emerging, to carry out abolishing hardened in good time after the rain；Look into seedling to reseed, wild jujube sowing 15~20d can be emerged afterwards, and seedling is looked into time after emerging, if lacking 1 plant can not reseed, and continuous scarce more than 2 plants need to just reseed in time, mend Require to carry out vernalization processing to seed when planting；Final singling is carried out when seedling length to 4~5 true leaves or seedling length to 10cm or so, and When go unnecessary seedling, 1 plant of strong sprout is stayed per cave, while removing mulch film；Carried out when height of seedling reaches more than 40cm mid-July for the first time Pinch, extract leading shoot point；By the end of July to i.e. before the beginning of autumn, all being pinched to not dormant all major-minor tips at the beginning of August.

7. grafting

Grafting is carried out in wild jujube sowing the last ten-days period of Second Year 4 to mid-May, is fully poured water once in grafting previous week；Grafting It is preceding to cut wild jujube stock again at the 8cm of ground, the wild jujube branch wiped out is scavenged into outside garden, will centered on wild jujube stock Earth's surface 0.2m²In the range of soil layer rake or spade plane open, away from earth's surface depth 0-30cm.

Branch on the excellent adult high yield tree of scion growth selection stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, kind, it is raw from 1~2 year Jujube tree, the thick 0.5cm~1.0cm in footpath is cut, 1 bud is only stayed in each scion, using wax per pitch bud point top 1cm, bottom 5cm Envelope is preserved, low-temperature preservation；

The grafting of jujube seedling uses root cleft graft, notices that interface will be brought into close contact, bondage is good, it is impossible to leave seam；

7~10d should carry out once removing sprout tillers after grafting, continuous 3~4 times, enter vigorous when scion grows 30~40cm Stop after growth；When scionwood length reaches more than 30cm, hence it is evident that untie bondage thing during overstriking.

8. water and fertilizer management

Using flood irrigation mode, whole year fills 3~4 water；Drip irrigation is taken, whole year drips 6~7 times, can be according to soil Earth soil moisture content and weather conditions are moderately adjusted；Usual mid-June fills head water, fills two water mid-July, and early August fills three water, and flood irrigation is every Secondary 1500~the 2000m that pours water³/hm², drip irrigation drips in time according to soil moisture content, each 350~500m of irrigation quantity³/hm²；August 20 Day forbids to pour water on the 20th to October, survives the winter water once until being filled by the end of October to November 5, irrigation quantity 1500m³/hm²；Florescence will enter Row is poured water；

Before spring sprouts, at jujube seedling 40cm, the deep ditches of 30~40cm are opened, 30~45m of decay sheep excrement is applied³/hm²Or become thoroughly decomposed Chicken manure 30m³/hm²；

Inorganic fertilizer every year according to the principle controlled after preceding rush, early stage to apply based on ammonium hydrogen carbonate, mid-term with organic phosphatic fertiliser, Based on potassium sulfate, the later stage does not apply fertilizer.Dose specifically determines that fertilization mode is used and imposed with water according to soil fertility and the growth of cereal crop seedlings.

9. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

In field, reasonable Arrangement solar insect-killing light carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.

10. diaster prevention and control

Before shelter-forest does not build up, appropriate member-retaining portion ground natural vegetation, such as annual herb, undershrub banding or Bulk retains.

11. shelterbelt construction

The configuration of protection forest net is rationally set, and main harmful-wind directions should be with the perpendicular angle in forest belt, and bandwidth is can effectively stop Wind is defined, forest belt density, using the sparseness structure of 2-4 rows, using Xinjiang poplar, diversiform-leaved poplar as chief species, and arrow-leaved oleaster, Chinese tamarisk etc. are companion Raw seeds.

Step 12. field planting trimming

Field planting：Grafting is colonized on the 3rd year, using standard building well, is colonized according to line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 2m；The jujube tree being colonized, Carry out regularly field management, such as tillage and weeding.

Trimming：Second Year stays a healthy and strong jujube head, remaining jujube head after new jujube head is grown on jujube tree trunk after grafting It can erase；When jujube tree whole height reaches 1.2m or so, newborn jujube head is pinched when having 7~8 Secondary Branchs, Secondary Branch according to Tree vigo(u)r, pinching is carried out during length to 5~7 section；The 3rd year summer cut each jujube head and stays 4~5 Secondary Branch pinching after grafting, each secondary Branch stays 4~5 section pinching, and other jujube heads are removed in time；Cutting back major branch extension branch jujube head and Secondary Branch when winter cuts within 3rd year；4th, 5 years Summer is cut, the winter was cut with the 3rd year；When the annual summer cuts later, competitive branch is removed, erases and is not required to the jujube head of culture；Dense planting jujube garden Growing season Multiple pinching is needed, in spring rudiment to bud picking by the end of July；In good time pinching is carried out on blooming period management；Usual primary tiller pinching exists more Shoot is carried out when growing to 70~80cm or 6~8 Secondary Branch, and Secondary Branch pinching grows to 6~7 with the Secondary Branch of plant bottom 1~3 The top heart is plucked during section, 4~5, middle part Secondary Branch plucks the top heart when growing to 4~5 section, top Secondary Branch plucks the top heart when growing to 3~4 section.

Embodiment 2

A kind of method of the live building well of jujube of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach, comprises the following steps：

1. building well addressing

Building well addressing：Selection has sufficient water recharging, and soil depth is more than 2 meters, and particle diameter is less than 0.25mm plasma Content is more than 50%, and soil with organic matter content is more than 6g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and is more than 60mg/kg, available phosphorus content more than 6mg/ Kg, quick-acting potassium content are more than 51mg/kg, total salt content and are less than 16g/kg, ph value less than 8.5, and sunny, physical features is flat, lead to Car is powered, and frost, high temperature, strong wind are less, and the place from 35 ± 5km with a distance from Oasis Urban is used as building well address.

2. Garden Planning and infrastructure

Integrated planning is carried out to the field chosen, reserve office, toolroom, warehouse, plant equipment storehouse, at waste material The space of the infrastructure constructions such as reason field, Reasonable Arrangement road piping system, supply and drain water system, using drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation technology, According to condition setting pumping plant, water-fertilizer integral irrigation system, the small-sized storage reservoir gravity irrigation system in mountain area etc..It is equipped with necessary jujube Garden shelter-forest measure and pest and disease damage prevention and control facility.

Rational deployment is answered in Garden Planning and construction, should try one's best and reduce nonproductive land used, general growing area area is not less than 85%, shelter-forest takes up an area 1%-5%%, and road irrigation canals and ditches take up an area 6%-8%, other 1%-1.5%.

3. site preparation and basal dressing

At the beginning of mid or late March to 4 months, removed and arranged using banding, according to banding member-retaining portion undershrub and herbaceous plant, clearly Except barren beach part weeds, the shrub of removing, weeds are transported to outside garden by shrub, dry to drying；Ploughed using big-powered tractor Earth is ploughed deeply more than 70cm-80cm by ground, ditching machine, soil；Level land, ridge；There are perennial shrub and the more plot of weeds, Using film coating technique, an Amex820 is sprayed before plastic film mulch, consumption is no more than 1500g/hm²；Level land, trench digging applies what is become thoroughly decomposed Organic fertilizer 60-80m³/hm², calcium superphosphate 750kg/hm²/ or phosphorus diamines 300kg/hm², compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 225kg/hm²。

4. broadcast preceding preparation

Watering Irrigation：Irrigated by the way of pre-sowing water or drip irrigation irrigation is poured.

Overlay film：Using white mulch film, mechanically or manually plastic film mulch.

It is preferred that, in step 4 film strips away from 0.8-1.5m, wide 60cm；

It is preferred that, using when pouring pre-sowing water in step 4, water consumption is 2000 ± 100m³/hm², 5~7d carries out rake a kind of farm tools after water Soil moisture conservation；When being irrigated using drip irrigation, dropper band flow is more than 2L/h, spreads dropper band in the lump in plastic film mulch.

5. sowing

From benevolence is full, outward appearance dark brown, impurity reach more than 95% less than 10%, germination percentage more than 85%, purity Wild jujube benevolence, reject damaged, the flat kind and impurity etc. in seed；At the beginning of mid-April to 5 months, soil 5cm soil layer mean temperatures It can be sowed when reaching 12-18 DEG C；According to line-spacing 1-1.5m on film, stay 10cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, sowing cave deep per film both sides 2cm, pushes sowing cave open using Plug-seedling sower, 2~4 seeds, 2.5~3cm of earthing is put into per cave；Timely moisturizing is wanted after broadcasting, Emerged with ensureing.

It is preferred that, from seed soaking, with 50 DEG C of 12~24h of water seed soaking, make after seed fully absorbs water, to sow previous It is used after pulling 2~3h of drying out.

6. nursery stock manages

If running into rainy weather before after planting emerging, to carry out abolishing hardened in good time after the rain；Look into seedling to reseed, wild jujube sowing 15~20d can be emerged afterwards, and seedling is looked into time after emerging, if lacking 1 plant can not reseed, and continuous scarce more than 2 plants need to just reseed in time, mend Require to carry out vernalization processing to seed when planting；Final singling is carried out when seedling length to 4~5 true leaves or seedling length to 10cm or so, and When go unnecessary seedling, 1 plant of strong sprout is stayed per cave, while removing mulch film；Carried out when height of seedling reaches more than 40cm mid-July for the first time Pinch, extract leading shoot point；By the end of July to i.e. before the beginning of autumn, all being pinched to not dormant all major-minor tips at the beginning of August.

7. grafting

Grafting is carried out in wild jujube sowing the last ten-days period of Second Year 4 to mid-May, is fully poured water once in grafting previous week；Grafting It is preceding to cut wild jujube stock again at the 8cm of ground, the wild jujube branch wiped out is scavenged into outside garden, will centered on wild jujube stock Earth's surface 0.2m²In the range of soil layer rake or spade plane open, away from earth's surface depth 0-30cm；

Branch on the excellent adult high yield tree of scion growth selection stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, kind, it is raw from 1~2 year Jujube tree, the thick 0.5cm~1.0cm in footpath is cut, 1 bud is only stayed in each scion, using wax per pitch bud point top 1cm, bottom 5cm Envelope is preserved, low-temperature preservation；

The grafting of jujube seedling uses root cleft graft, notices that interface will be brought into close contact, bondage is good, it is impossible to leave seam；

7~10d should carry out once removing sprout tillers after grafting, continuous 3~4 times, enter vigorous when scion grows 30~40cm Stop after growth；When scionwood length reaches more than 30cm, hence it is evident that untie bondage thing during overstriking.Using column carry out protection scion and Young sprout in scion, specific method is to tie up a pillar on stock when young sprout grows into more than 30cm, and wound heals completely, More than strut lengths 70cm, diameter more than 1cm, one is strapped on stock or inserts in soil, and one is strapped on young sprout, with solid Determine young sprout.

8. water and fertilizer management

Using flood irrigation mode, whole year fills 3~4 water；Drip irrigation is taken, whole year drips 6~7 times, can be according to soil Earth soil moisture content and weather conditions are moderately adjusted；Usual mid-June fills head water, fills two water mid-July, and early August fills three water, and flood irrigation is every Secondary 1500~the 2000m that pours water³/hm², drip irrigation drips in time according to soil moisture content, each 350~500m of irrigation quantity³/hm²；August 20 Day forbids to pour water on the 20th to October, survives the winter water once until being filled by the end of October to November 5, irrigation quantity 1500m³/hm²；Florescence will enter Row is poured water；

Before spring sprouts, at jujube seedling 40cm, the deep ditches of 30~40cm are opened, 30~45m of decay sheep excrement is applied³/hm²Or become thoroughly decomposed Chicken manure 30m³/hm²；

Inorganic fertilizer year, early stage was to apply based on ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate, and mid-term is to cross phosphorus according to the principle controlled after preceding rush Based on the phosphorus potash fertilizer such as sour calcium and step 3 plant ash, potassium sulfate, the later stage is not applied fertilizer, and dose is specifically determined according to soil fertility and the growth of cereal crop seedlings, is applied Fertile mode is adopted as imposing with water, is applied after being mixed with drip irrigation by proportioning.

9. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

April early and middle ten dayses, full garden sprays lime sulfur；Mid or late April~the first tenday period of a month in May, jujube cecidomyiia is monitored, is prevented early, entirely Garden sprays insecticide；Mid-May, 3000 times of liquid AVMs are sprayed, prevent red spider；6~August is all to find that blade has 2~3 Red spider, sprays acaricide in time；September early and middle ten dayses, jujube enters crisp ripe phase, 1 time 0.3% calcium nitrate+bactericide of foliage-spray；

Trunk is endured cold or damaged jujube tree, May, early and middle ten dayses struck off damaged wound, smeared insecticide, consolidant；Kill danger The gloomy phycitid of evil trunk pest, strikes off old cortex, and wound smears the sharp special 500 times of liquid of 5% strength or 48% chlopyrifos, 400 times of liquid.

10. diaster prevention and control

Before shelter-forest does not build up, ground mulching, such as straw screen or mat, black counterdie are carried out.

11. shelterbelt construction

Rationally set protection forest net configuration, main harmful-wind directions should be at an acute angle with forest belt, bandwidth using can effectively stop wind as Standard, forest belt density, using the sparseness structure of 2-4 rows, using gray poplar as chief species, sea-buckthorn, apricot are associated species, can also be matched somebody with somebody Unify a little undershrubs and herbaceous plant.

12. field planting trimming

Field planting：Grafting is colonized on the 3rd year, using dense planting, line-spacing 1.5-2m, spacing in the rows 1-0.5m；The jujube tree being colonized, enter Row regularly field management, such as tillage and weeding；

Trimming：Second Year stays a healthy and strong jujube head, remaining jujube head after new jujube head is grown on jujube tree trunk after grafting It can erase；When jujube tree whole height reaches 1.2m or so, newborn jujube head is pinched when having 7~8 Secondary Branchs, Secondary Branch according to Tree vigo(u)r, pinching is carried out during length to 5~7 section；The 3rd year summer cut each jujube head and stays 4~5 Secondary Branch pinching after grafting, each secondary Branch stays 4~5 section pinching, and other jujube heads are removed in time；Cutting back major branch extension branch jujube head and Secondary Branch when winter cuts within 3rd year；4th, 5 years Summer is cut, the winter was cut with the 3rd year；When the annual summer cuts later, competitive branch is removed, erases and is not required to the jujube head of culture；Dense planting jujube garden Growing season Multiple pinching is needed, in spring rudiment to bud picking by the end of July；In good time pinching is carried out on blooming period management；Usual primary tiller pinching exists more Shoot is carried out when growing to 70~80cm or 6~8 Secondary Branch, and Secondary Branch pinching grows to 6~7 with the Secondary Branch of plant bottom 1~3 The top heart is plucked during section, 4~5, middle part Secondary Branch plucks the top heart when growing to 4~5 section, top Secondary Branch plucks the top heart when growing to 3~4 section.

Embodiment 3

A kind of method of the live building well of jujube of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach, comprises the following steps：

1. building well addressing

Selection has a sufficient water recharging, and soil depth is more than 2 meters, particle diameter be less than 0.25mm plasma content 55 ± 5%, soil with organic matter content is more than 6g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and is more than 6mg/kg, available potassium more than 60mg/kg, available phosphorus content and contains Amount is less than 16g/kg, ph value 8.0 more than 51mg/kg, total salt content, and sunny, physical features is flat, and be open to traffic energization, frost, height Temperature, strong wind are less, and the place from 25 ± 5km with a distance from Oasis Urban is used as building well address.

2. Garden Planning and infrastructure

Integrated planning is carried out to the field chosen, reserve office, toolroom, warehouse, plant equipment storehouse, at waste material The space of the infrastructure constructions such as reason field, Reasonable Arrangement road piping system, supply and drain water system, using drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation technology, Can be according to condition setting pumping plant, water-fertilizer integral irrigation system, the small-sized storage reservoir gravity irrigation system in mountain area etc..It is equipped with necessary The measure of jujube garden shelter-forest and pest and disease damage prevention and control facility.

Rational deployment is answered in Garden Planning and construction, should try one's best and reduce nonproductive land used, general growing area area is not less than 85%, shelter-forest takes up an area 1%-5%%, and road irrigation canals and ditches take up an area 6%-8%, other 1%-1.5%.

3. site preparation and basal dressing

At the beginning of mid or late March to 4 months, removed and arranged using banding, according to banding member-retaining portion undershrub and herbaceous plant, clearly Except barren beach part weeds, the shrub of removing, weeds are transported to outside garden by shrub, dry to drying；Ploughed using big-powered tractor Earth is ploughed deeply more than 70cm-80cm by ground, ditching machine, soil；Level land, ridge；There are perennial shrub and the more plot of weeds, Using film coating technique, an Amex820 is sprayed before plastic film mulch, consumption is no more than 1500g/hm²；Level land, trench digging applies what is become thoroughly decomposed Organic fertilizer 60-80m³/hm², calcium superphosphate 750kg/hm²/ or phosphorus diamines 300kg/hm², compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 225kg/hm²。

4. broadcast preceding preparation

Spring pours pre-sowing water, water consumption 2000m³/hm²5~7d progress rake a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation after left and right, water, depth of raking the soil level 15 ± 3cm.Using film coating technique, using white mulch film, mechanical plastic film mulch, laminating machine 60cm is wide, and band is away from 0.8-1.5m.

5. sowing

From benevolence is full, outward appearance dark brown, impurity reach more than 95% less than 10%, germination percentage more than 85%, purity Wild jujube benevolence, seed soaking is carried out before rejecting damaged, the flat kind and impurity etc. in seed, sowing, with 50 DEG C of water seed soaking 12~24h, makes after seed fully absorbs water, sowing the previous day pull 2~3h of drying out after use；At the beginning of mid-April to 5 months, soil When 5cm soil layer mean temperatures reach 12-18 DEG C, according to line-spacing 1-1.5m on film, stay 10cm, spacing in the rows 50cm per film both sides, broadcast Cave depth 2cm is planted, sowing cave is pushed open using Plug-seedling sower, 2~4 seeds, 2.5~3cm of earthing is put into per cave；It is timely after broadcasting Moisturizing, is emerged with ensureing.

6. nursery stock manages

If running into rainy weather before after planting emerging, to carry out abolishing hardened in good time after the rain；Look into seedling to reseed, wild jujube sowing 15~20d can be emerged afterwards, and seedling is looked into time after emerging, if lacking 1 plant can not reseed, and continuous scarce more than 2 plants need to just reseed in time, mend Require to carry out vernalization processing to seed when planting；Final singling is carried out when seedling length to 4~5 true leaves or seedling length to 10cm or so, and When go unnecessary seedling, 1 plant of strong sprout is stayed per cave, while removing mulch film；Carried out when height of seedling reaches more than 40cm mid-July for the first time Pinch, extract leading shoot point；By the end of July to i.e. before the beginning of autumn, all being pinched to not dormant all major-minor tips at the beginning of August.

7. grafting

Grafting is carried out in wild jujube sowing the last ten-days period of Second Year 4 to mid-May, is fully poured water once in grafting previous week；Grafting It is preceding to cut wild jujube stock again at the 8cm of ground, the wild jujube branch wiped out is scavenged into outside garden, will centered on wild jujube stock Earth's surface 0.2m²In the range of soil layer rake or spade plane open, depth is advisable with the near surface root for not hindering jujube tree, typically in 0- 30cm depth or so；

Branch on the excellent adult high yield tree of scion growth selection stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, kind, it is raw from 1~2 year Jujube tree, the thick 0.5cm~1.0cm in footpath is cut, 1 bud is only stayed in each scion, using wax per pitch bud point top 1cm, bottom 5cm Envelope is preserved, low-temperature preservation；

The grafting of jujube seedling uses root cleft graft, notices that interface will be brought into close contact, bondage is good, it is impossible to leave seam；

7~10d should carry out once removing sprout tillers after grafting, continuous 3~4 times, enter vigorous when scion grows 30~40cm Stop after growth；When scionwood length reaches more than 30cm, hence it is evident that untie bondage thing during overstriking.Using column carry out protection scion and Young sprout in scion, specific method is that wound heals completely when young sprout grows into more than 30cm.A pillar is tied up on stock, More than strut lengths 70cm, rugosity more than diameter 1cm.One is strapped on stock or inserts in soil, and one is strapped on young sprout, To fix young sprout.

8. water and fertilizer management

Using flood irrigation mode, whole year fills 3~4 water；Drip irrigation is taken, whole year drips 6~7 times, can be according to soil Earth soil moisture content and weather conditions are moderately adjusted；Usual mid-June fills head water, fills two water mid-July, and early August fills three water, and flood irrigation is every Secondary 1500~the 2000m that pours water³/hm², drip irrigation drips in time according to soil moisture content, each 350~500m of irrigation quantity³/hm²；August 20 Day forbids to pour water on the 20th to October, survives the winter water once until being filled by the end of October to November 5, irrigation quantity 1500m³/hm²；Florescence pours water Using sprinkler irrigation technique, water spraying time preferably in the afternoon 6 when after carry out at dusk, every 1 day spray 1 time, altogether spray 3~4 times, water spray can be with spray Fertilizer, spray growth regulator are combined and carried out.

Before spring sprouts, at jujube seedling 40cm, the deep ditches of 30~40cm are opened, 30~45m of decay sheep excrement is applied³/hm²Or become thoroughly decomposed Chicken manure 30m³/hm²；

Inorganic fertilizer year applies ammonium chloride/ammonium nitrate/carbon according to the principle controlled after preceding rush, for the first time fertilising before rudiment Sour hydrogen ammonium 100-300kg/hm², fertilizer placement is apart from jujube tree root 35-45cm；Second fertilising before spending, with calcium superphosphate and The shrub removed in step 3, weeds burn obtained by plant ash according to 3: 1 weight than mixing, 150-400kg/hm², fertilising Positional distance jujube tree root 35-45cm.

9. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

April early and middle ten dayses, full garden sprays lime sulfur；Mid or late April~the first tenday period of a month in May, jujube cecidomyiia is monitored, is prevented early, entirely Garden sprays insecticide；Mid-May, 3000 times of liquid AVMs are sprayed, prevent red spider；6~August is all to find that blade has 2~3 Red spider, sprays acaricide in time；September early and middle ten dayses, jujube enters crisp ripe phase, 1 time 0.3% calcium nitrate+bactericide of foliage-spray；

Trunk is endured cold or damaged jujube tree, May, early and middle ten dayses struck off damaged wound, smeared insecticide, consolidant；Kill danger The gloomy phycitid of evil trunk pest, strikes off old cortex, and wound smears the sharp special 500 times of liquid of 5% strength or 48% chlopyrifos, 400 times of liquid；

10. diaster prevention and control

Before shelter-forest does not build up, crops, vegetables and herbage strip cropping are carried out.

11. shelterbelt construction

The configuration of protection forest net is rationally set, and main harmful-wind directions should be advisable with the perpendicular angle in forest belt or acute angle, bandwidth with It can effectively stop that wind is defined, forest belt density is husky using Xinjiang poplar, diversiform-leaved poplar, gray poplar as chief species using the sparseness structure of 3 rows Jujube, sea-buckthorn, apricot, Chinese tamarisk etc. are associated species, can also coordinate some undershrubs and herbaceous plant.

12. field planting trimming

Field planting：Grafting is colonized on the 3rd year, using dense planting, line-spacing 1.5-2m, spacing in the rows 1-0.5m；The jujube tree being colonized, enter Row regularly field management, such as tillage and weeding.

Trimming：Second Year stays a healthy and strong jujube head, remaining jujube head after new jujube head is grown on jujube tree trunk after grafting It can erase；When jujube tree whole height reaches 1.2m or so, newborn jujube head is pinched when having 7~8 Secondary Branchs, Secondary Branch according to Tree vigo(u)r, pinching is carried out during length to 5~7 section；The 3rd year summer cut each jujube head and stays 4~5 Secondary Branch pinching after grafting, each secondary Branch stays 4~5 section pinching, and other jujube heads are removed in time；Cutting back major branch extension branch jujube head and Secondary Branch when winter cuts within 3rd year：4th, 5 years Summer is cut, the winter was cut with the 3rd year；When the annual summer cuts later, competitive branch is removed, erases and is not required to the jujube head of culture；Dense planting jujube garden Growing season Multiple pinching is needed, in spring rudiment to bud picking by the end of July；In good time pinching is carried out on blooming period management；Usual primary tiller pinching exists more Shoot is carried out when growing to 70~80cm or 6~8 Secondary Branch, and Secondary Branch pinching grows to 6~7 with the Secondary Branch of plant bottom 1~3 The top heart is plucked during section, 4~5, middle part Secondary Branch plucks the top heart when growing to 4~5 section, top Secondary Branch plucks the top heart when growing to 3~4 section.

Embodiment 4

The live garden building method of a kind of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach jujube, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

1. building well addressing：Selection has sufficient water recharging, and soil depth is more than 2 meters, and particle diameter is less than 0.25mm particulate thing Matter content is more than 50%, and soil with organic matter content is more than 6g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and is more than 60mg/kg, available phosphorus containing most more than 6mg/ Kg, quick-acting potassium content are more than 51mg/kg, total salt containing 16g/kg, ph value is most less than less than 8.5, and sunny, physical features is flat, leads to Car is powered, and frost, high temperature, strong wind are less, and the place from no more than 40km with a distance from Oasis Urban is used as building well address；

2. Garden Planning and infrastructure：Integrated planning is carried out to the field chosen, office, toolroom, storehouse is reserved The space of the infrastructure constructions such as storehouse, plant equipment storehouse, waste disposal, Reasonable Arrangement road piping system, discharge water system System, can be according to condition setting pumping plant, water-fertilizer integral irrigation system, the small-sized storage reservoir in mountain area certainly using drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation technology Irrigation system etc. is pressed, necessary jujube garden shelter-forest measure and pest and disease damage prevention and control facility is equipped with；Should be reasonable on Garden Planning and construction Layout, should try one's best and reduce nonproductive land used, and general growing area area is not less than 85%, and shelter-forest takes up an area 1%-5%, road irrigation canals and ditches Take up an area 6%-8%, other 1%-1.5%；

3. site preparation and basal dressing：At the beginning of mid or late March to 4 months, barren beach weeds are removed, shrub transports the shrub of removing, weeds To outside garden, dry to drying；Plough deeply more than soil 70cm-80cm；There are perennial shrub and the more plot of weeds, using overlay film An Amex820 is sprayed before technology, plastic film mulch, with least more than 1500g/hm²；Level land, trench digging applies the organic fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed 60-80m³/hm², calcium superphosphate 750kg/hm²/ or phosphorus diamines 300kg/hm², compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 225kg/hm²；

4. broadcast preceding preparation：Watering Irrigation, is irrigated by the way of pre-sowing water or drip irrigation irrigation is poured；Overlay film, using white ground Film, mechanically or manually plastic film mulch；

5. sowing：From benevolence is full, outward appearance dark brown, impurity reach less than 10%, germination percentage more than 85%, purity Damaged, flat kind and impurity in more than 95% wild jujube benevolence, rejecting seed etc.：At the beginning of mid-April to 5 months, soil 5cm soil layers Mean temperature can be sowed when reaching 12-18 DEG C；According to line-spacing 1-1.5m on film, stay 10cm, spacing in the rows 50cm per film both sides, broadcast Cave depth 2cm is planted, sowing cave is pushed open using Plug-seedling sower, 2~4 seeds, 2.5~3cm of earthing is put into per cave；It is timely after broadcasting Moisturizing, is emerged with ensureing；

6. nursery stock manages：If running into rainy weather before after planting emerging, to carry out abolishing hardened in good time after the rain；Look into seedling benefit Kind, after planting 15~20d's wild jujube can be emerged, and seedling is looked into time after emerging, if lacking 1 plant can not reseed, continuous to lack more than 2 plants with regard to needing Reseed in time, require to carry out vernalization processing to seed when reseeding；When seedling length to 4~5 true leaves or seedling length to 10cm or so Final singling is carried out, unnecessary seedling is gone in time, 1 plant of strong sprout is stayed per cave, while removing mulch film；Mid-July reaches more than 40cm when height of seedling Shi Jinhang pinches for the first time, extracts leading shoot point；It is whole to not dormant all major-minor tips by the end of July at the beginning of August i.e. before the beginning of autumn Pinched；

7. grafting：Grafting is carried out in wild jujube sowing the last ten-days period of Second Year 4 to mid-May, fully pours water one grafting previous week It is secondary；Wild jujube stock is cut again at the 8cm of ground before grafting, the wild jujube branch wiped out is scavenged into outside garden, using wild jujube stock as Center, by earth's surface 0.2m²In the range of soil layer rake or spade plane open, depth is advisable with the near surface root for not hindering jujube tree, one As in 0-30cm depth or so；Branch on the excellent adult high yield tree of scion growth selection stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, kind, choosing With 1~2 year raw jujube tree, the thick 0.5cm~1.0cm in footpath was cut, each scion only stays 1 per pitch bud point top 1cm, bottom 5cm Individual bud, using the preservation, low-temperature preservation of sealing with wax；The grafting of jujube seedling uses root cleft graft, notices that interface will be brought into close contact, bondage It is good, it is impossible to leave seam；7~10d should carry out once removing sprout tillers after grafting, continuous 3~4 times, enter when scion grows 30~40cm To enter stop after vigorous growth；When scionwood length reaches more than 30cm, hence it is evident that untie bondage thing during overstriking；

8. water and fertilizer management：Using flood irrigation mode, whole year fills 3~4 water；Take drip irrigation, whole year drips 6~7 It is secondary；Fill head water mid-June, fill two water mid-July, early August fills three water, flood irrigation is poured water 1500~2000m every time³/hm², drip irrigation Dripped in time according to soil moisture content, pour water most 350~500m every time³/hm²；August is forbidden to pour water on the 20th to October on the 20th, until 10 The end of month to November 5, filling survived the winter water once, irrigation quantity 1500m³/hm²；Florescence will be poured water；Before spring sprouts, from jujube seedling At 40cm, the deep ditches of 30~40cm are opened, 30~45m of decay sheep excrement is applied³/hm²Or Chicken dung 30m³/hm²；Inorganic fertilizer is annual Degree according to the principle controlled after preceding rush, early stage to apply based on the nitrogenous fertilizer such as ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, mid-term with calcium superphosphate, Based on the phosphorus potash fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, organic phosphatic fertiliser, plant ash, potassium sulfate, the later stage does not apply fertilizer, and dose has according to soil fertility and the growth of cereal crop seedlings Body is determined；

9. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：April early and middle ten dayses, full garden sprays lime sulfur；Mid or late April~the first tenday period of a month in May, monitor jujube goitre Mosquito, prevents early, and full garden sprays insecticide；Mid-May, 3000 times of liquid AVMs are sprayed, prevent red spider；The all hairs of 6~August Existing blade has 2~3 red spiders, and acaricide is sprayed in time；September early and middle ten dayses, jujube enters crisp ripe phase, foliage-spray 1 time 0.3% Calcium nitrate+bactericide；Trunk is endured cold or damaged jujube tree, May, early and middle ten dayses struck off damaged wound, smeared insecticide, consolidant； The harm gloomy phycitid of trunk pest is killed, old cortex is struck off, wound smears 400 times of the sharp special 500 times of liquid of 5% strength or 48% chlopyrifos Liquid；

10. diaster prevention and control：Before shelter-forest does not build up, appropriate member-retaining portion ground natural vegetation, such as annual herb, Undershrub banding or block reservation；Also ground mulching, such as straw screen or mat, black counterdie can be carried out；Also can carry out crops, vegetables and Herbage strip cropping；

11. shelterbelt construction：The configuration of protection forest net is rationally set, and main harmful-wind directions should be with forest belt perpendicular angle or sharp Angle is advisable, and bandwidth is can effectively stop that wind is defined, forest belt density, using the sparseness structure of 2-4 rows, with Xinjiang poplar, diversiform-leaved poplar, gray poplar As chief species, arrow-leaved oleaster, sea-buckthorn, apricot, Chinese tamarisk etc. are associated species, can also coordinate some undershrubs and herbaceous plant；

12. field planting trimming：Field planting, grafting is colonized on the 3rd year, using standard building well, line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 2m, or is used close Plant, line-spacing 1.5-2m, spacing in the rows 1-0.5m；The jujube tree being colonized, will carry out regularly field management, such as tillage and weeding；Trimming, Second Year stays a healthy and strong jujube head after new jujube head is grown on jujube tree trunk after grafting, and remaining jujube head can erase；Work as jujube tree Whole height reaches 1.2m or so, and newborn jujube head is pinched when having 7~8 Secondary Branchs, and Secondary Branch is long to 5~7 according to tree vigo(u)r Pinching is carried out during section；The 3rd year summer cut each jujube head and stays 4~5 Secondary Branch pinching after grafting, and each Secondary Branch stays 4~5 sections to pluck The heart, other jujube heads are removed in time；Cutting back major branch extension branch jujube head and Secondary Branch when winter cuts within 3rd year；4th, 5 year summer cut, the winter cuts together 3rd year；When the annual summer cuts later, competitive branch is removed, erases and is not required to the jujube head of culture；Dense planting jujube garden Growing season needs multiple pinching, In spring rudiment to bud picking by the end of July；In good time pinching is carried out on blooming period management：Usual primary tiller pinching is more to grow to 70 in shoot~ Carried out during 80cm or 6~8 Secondary Branch, Secondary Branch pinching plucks the top heart when growing to 6~7 section with the Secondary Branch of plant bottom 1~3, 4~5, middle part Secondary Branch plucks the top heart when growing to 4~5 section, top Secondary Branch plucks the top heart when growing to 3~4 section.

Claims (11)

1. the live garden building method of a kind of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach jujube, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

(1) building well addressing：Selection has sufficient water recharging, and soil depth is more than 2 meters, and the plasma that particle diameter is less than 0.25mm contains Amount be more than 50%, soil with organic matter content be more than 6g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen be more than 60mg/kg, available phosphorus content be more than 6mg/kg, Quick-acting potassium content is more than 51mg/kg, total salt content and is less than 16g/kg, ph value less than 8.5, and sunny, physical features is flat, is open to traffic logical Electricity, frost, high temperature, strong wind are less, and the place from no more than 40km with a distance from Oasis Urban is used as building well address；

(2) Garden Planning and infrastructure：Integrated planning is carried out to the field chosen, reserve office, toolroom, warehouse, The space of the infrastructure constructions such as plant equipment storehouse, waste disposal field, Reasonable Arrangement road piping system, supply and drain water system, Using drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation technology, filling can be pressed according to condition setting pumping plant, water-fertilizer integral irrigation system, the small-sized storage reservoir in mountain area certainly System etc. is irrigate, necessary jujube garden shelter-forest measure and pest and disease damage prevention and control facility is equipped with；Rational deployment is answered in Garden Planning and construction, It should try one's best and reduce nonproductive land used, general growing area area is not less than 85%, and shelter-forest takes up an area 1%-5%, and road irrigation canals and ditches take up an area 6%-8%, other 1%-1.5%；

(3) site preparation and basal dressing：At the beginning of mid or late March to 4 months, barren beach weeds are removed, the shrub of removing, weeds are transported to by shrub Outside garden, dry to drying；Plough deeply more than soil 70cm-80cm；There are perennial shrub and the more plot of weeds, using overlay film skill An Amex820 is sprayed before art, plastic film mulch, consumption is no more than 1500g/hm²；Level land, trench digging applies the organic fertilizer 60- become thoroughly decomposed 80m³/hm², calcium superphosphate 750kg/hm²/ or phosphorus diamines 300kg/hm², compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 225kg/hm²；

(4) preceding preparation is broadcast：Watering Irrigation, is irrigated by the way of pre-sowing water or drip irrigation irrigation is poured；Overlay film, using white mulch film, Mechanically or manually plastic film mulch；

(5) sow：From benevolence is full, outward appearance dark brown, impurity reach 95% less than 10%, germination percentage more than 85%, purity Damaged, flat kind and impurity in wild jujube benevolence above, rejecting seed etc.；At the beginning of mid-April to 5 months, soil 5cm soil layers are averaged Temperature can be sowed when reaching 12-18 DEG C；According to line-spacing 1-1.5m on film, 10cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, sowing cave are stayed per film both sides Deep 2cm, pushes sowing cave open using Plug-seedling sower, 2~4 seeds, 2.5~3cm of earthing is put into per cave；To be mended in time after broadcasting Water, is emerged with ensureing；

(6) nursery stock manages：If running into rainy weather before after planting emerging, to carry out abolishing hardened in good time after the rain；Seedling is looked into reseed, After planting 15~20d's wild jujube can be emerged, and seedling is looked into time after emerging, if lacking 1 plant can not reseed, it is continuous lack more than 2 plants just need to and When reseed, when reseeding require to seed carry out vernalization processing；Treat seedling length to 4~5 true leaves or seedling length to 10cm or so Shi Jin Row final singling, goes unnecessary seedling in time, and 1 plant of strong sprout is stayed per cave, while removing mulch film；Mid-July is when height of seedling reaches more than 40cm Pinch for the first time, extract leading shoot point；By the end of July to i.e. before the beginning of autumn, all entering to not dormant all major-minor tips at the beginning of August Row is pinched；

(7) grafting：Grafting is carried out in wild jujube sowing the last ten-days period of Second Year 4 to mid-May, is fully poured water once in grafting previous week； Wild jujube stock is cut again at the 8cm of ground before grafting, the wild jujube branch wiped out is scavenged into outside garden, using wild jujube stock in The heart, by earth's surface 0.2m²In the range of soil layer rake or spade plane open, depth is advisable with the near surface root for not hindering jujube tree, away from ground Table depth 0-30cm；Branch on the excellent adult high yield tree of scion growth selection stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, kind, from 1~2 The jujube tree of year life, the thick 0.5cm~1.0cm in footpath is cut, 1 bud is only stayed in each scion per pitch bud point top 1cm, bottom 5cm, Using the preservation, low-temperature preservation of sealing with wax；The grafting of jujube seedling uses root cleft graft, notices that interface will be brought into close contact, bondage is good, it is impossible to Leave seam；7~10d should carry out once removing sprout tillers after grafting, continuous 3~4 times, when scion grows 30~40cm into vigorous life Stop after length；When scionwood length reaches more than 30cm, hence it is evident that untie bondage thing during overstriking；

(8) water and fertilizer management：Using flood irrigation mode, whole year fills 3~4 water；Drip irrigation is taken, whole year drips 6~7 times；6 The middle of the month fills head water, fills two water mid-July, and early August fills three water, and flood irrigation is poured water 1500~2000m every time³/hm², drip irrigation according to Soil moisture content drips in time, each 350~500m of irrigation quantity³/hm²；August is forbidden to pour water on the 20th to October on the 20th, until by the end of October Filled to November 5 and survive the winter water once, irrigation quantity 1500m³/hm²；Florescence will be poured water；Before spring sprouts, at jujube seedling 40cm, The deep ditches of 30~40cm are opened, 30~45m of decay sheep excrement is applied³/hm²Or Chicken dung 30m³/hm²；Inorganic fertilizer every year is according to preceding The principle controlled after rush, early stage is to apply based on the nitrogenous fertilizer such as ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, and mid-term is with calcium superphosphate, biphosphate Based on the phosphorus potash fertilizers such as potassium, organic phosphatic fertiliser, plant ash, potassium sulfate, the later stage does not apply fertilizer；

(9) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：April early and middle ten dayses, full garden sprays lime sulfur；Mid or late April~the first tenday period of a month in May, jujube cecidomyiia is monitored, and Early prevention, full garden sprays insecticide；Mid-May, 3000 times of liquid AVMs are sprayed, prevent red spider；The all discovery leaves of 6~August Piece has 2~3 red spiders, and acaricide is sprayed in time；September early and middle ten dayses, jujube enters crisp ripe phase, 1 time 0.3% nitric acid of foliage-spray Calcium+bactericide；Trunk is endured cold or damaged jujube tree, May, early and middle ten dayses struck off damaged wound, smeared insecticide, consolidant；Kill The gloomy phycitid of trunk pest is endangered, old cortex is struck off, wound smears the sharp special 500 times of liquid of 5% strength or 48% chlopyrifos, 400 times of liquid；

(10) diaster prevention and control：Before shelter-forest does not build up, appropriate member-retaining portion ground natural vegetation, such as annual herb is small Shrub banding or block reservation；Also ground mulching, such as straw screen or mat, black counterdie can be carried out；Also crops, vegetables can be carried out and herded Careless strip cropping；

(11) shelterbelt construction：The configuration of protection forest net is rationally set, and main harmful-wind directions should be with the perpendicular angle in forest belt or acute angle It is advisable, bandwidth is can effectively stop that wind is defined, forest belt density, using the sparseness structure of 2-4 rows, is made with Xinjiang poplar, diversiform-leaved poplar, gray poplar For chief species, arrow-leaved oleaster, sea-buckthorn, apricot, Chinese tamarisk etc. are associated species, can also coordinate some undershrubs and herbaceous plant；

(12) field planting trimming：Field planting, grafting is colonized on the 3rd year, using standard building well, line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 2m, or uses dense planting, OK Away from 1.5-2m, spacing in the rows 1-0.5m；The jujube tree being colonized, will carry out regularly field management, such as tillage and weeding；Trimming, grafting Second Year stays a healthy and strong jujube head after new jujube head is grown on jujube tree trunk afterwards, and remaining jujube head can erase；When jujube tree is overall 1.2m or so is highly reached, newborn jujube head is pinched when there are 7~8 Secondary Branchs, Secondary Branch is according to tree vigo(u)r, during length to 5~7 section Carry out pinching；The 3rd year summer cut each jujube head and stays 4~5 Secondary Branch pinching after grafting, and each Secondary Branch stays 4~5 section pinching, its He removes jujube head in time；Cutting back major branch extension branch jujube head and Secondary Branch when winter cuts within 3rd year；4th, 5 year summer was cut, the winter was cut with the 3rd year； When the annual summer cuts later, competitive branch is removed, erases and is not required to the jujube head of culture；Dense planting jujube garden Growing season needs multiple pinching, in spring Rudiment is to bud picking by the end of July；In good time pinching is carried out on blooming period management；Usual primary tiller pinching it is many shoot grow to 70~80cm or Carried out during 6~8 Secondary Branchs, Secondary Branch pinching plucks the top heart when growing to 6~7 section with the Secondary Branch of plant bottom 1~3, middle part 4~ 5 Secondary Branchs pluck the top heart when growing to 4~5 section, top Secondary Branch plucks the top heart when growing to 3~4 section；

2. a kind of live garden building method of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach jujube according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (3) removed and arranged using banding in, member-retaining portion undershrub and herbaceous plant.

3. a kind of live garden building method of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach jujube according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (3) ridged after being leveled land in.

4. a kind of live garden building method of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach jujube according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (4) ground film strips are away from 0.8-1.5m in, wide 60cm；

5. a kind of live garden building method of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach jujube according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (4) using when pouring pre-sowing water in, water consumption is 2000 ± 100m³/hm², 5~7d carries out rake a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation after water；Irrigated using drip irrigation When, dropper band flow is more than 2L/h, spreads dropper band in the lump in plastic film mulch.

6. a kind of live garden building method of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach jujube according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (5) seed soaking is carried out to the wild jujube benevolence chosen in, with 50 DEG C of 12~24h of water seed soaking, makes after seed fully absorbs water, to broadcast Kind the previous day uses after pulling 2~3h of drying out.

7. a kind of live garden building method of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach jujube according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (7) young sprout in protection scion and scion is carried out using column in, specific method is that wound is complete when young sprout grows into more than 30cm Tie up a pillar during full healing on stock, more than strut lengths 70cm, diameter more than 1cm, one is strapped on stock or inserts In burying, one is strapped on young sprout, to fix young sprout.

8. a kind of live garden building method of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach jujube according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (8) florescence described in, which pours water, uses sprinkler irrigation technique, water spraying time preferably in the afternoon 6 when after carry out at dusk, every 1 day spray 1 time, altogether Spray 3~4 times, water spray can be combined progress with spray fertilizer, spray growth regulator.

9. a kind of live garden building method of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach jujube according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (8) fertilization mode described in is to be imposed with water.

10. a kind of live garden building method of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach jujube according to claim 8, it is characterised in that step Suddenly the fertilization mode described in (8) is to be applied after being mixed with drip irrigation by proportioning.

11. a kind of live garden building method of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach jujube according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step Suddenly solar insect-killing light is selected in (9).