CN104381070A - Method for cultivating jujube trees in high-latitude dry and severely cold region - Google Patents
Method for cultivating jujube trees in high-latitude dry and severely cold region Download PDFInfo
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- CN104381070A CN104381070A CN201410477922.1A CN201410477922A CN104381070A CN 104381070 A CN104381070 A CN 104381070A CN 201410477922 A CN201410477922 A CN 201410477922A CN 104381070 A CN104381070 A CN 104381070A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating jujube trees in a high-latitude dry and severely cold region. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, cultivating or selecting wild jujube trees of 1-5 years old which can grow in the high-latitude dry and severely cold region for serving as rootstocks; secondly, selecting the branches of excellent jujube trees for serving as scions; thirdly, performing grafting on portions, which are 15 centimeters above root collars, on the branches of the rootstocks; and lastly, watering grafted seedlings, applying fertilizers to the grafted seedlings, and fixing the grafted seedlings. Through adoption of the method, the area of the region suitable for planting the jujube trees can be increased greatly. On one hand, the jujube trees can be planted on a large area as an economical forest, so that the incomes of farmers and enterprises are increased. On the other hand, the jujube trees can be planted on both sides of fields and ditches on a large area as greening trees in a high and cold region, and can be even popularized to desert regions. Through adoption of the method, the ecological environment of the dry and severely cold region is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to non-wood forest culture method, relate to the cultivation method of a kind of high latitude dry and cold severe cold area jujube tree, refer in particular to jujube tree land for growing field crops, a kind of high latitude dry and cold severe cold area open field soil cultivation method.
Background technology
Jujube tree, Rhamnaceae, deciduous tree, it is the peculiar economic tree of China, also ornamental tree species can be done, be rich in the compositions such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, carotin, B family vitamin, vitamin C, citrin and phosphorus, calcium, iron because of its fruit, be also referred to as " kings of all kinds of fruits ", have wide market prospects.Jujube tree wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, all have Cultural distribution at China's most places (north latitude less than 43 °), and in Plain, mountain region, the various on the spot environmental condition such as hills can grow by normal growth.Jujube tree is drought resisting comparatively, need water few, impoverishment tolerant, but northern dry and cold severe cold area subjects to freeze injury in the north.These regional winter temperatures are low, duration is strong, day and night temperature is large, solar radiation is strong, and temperature fluctuation change is frequent, often suffers rainy snow to wait the impact of terrible weather factor, jujube tree all can suffer freeze injury every year in various degree in these area plantations, the lighter's rudiment flowering stage postpones, jujube head growth is abnormal, spend few fruit second-rate less, the bursting by freezing of severe one generation trunk base portion, thus causes the withered phenomenon such as dead of acrial part.
The Hetao area, Baya ur, NeiMengGu city, the continental monsoon climate in temperate zone during weather belongs to, illumination is sufficient, and heat enriches; Precipitation is few, and evaporation discharge is large, and wind great Sha is many, and frost-free season is short; The temperature difference is large, makes a clear distinction between the four seasons.Average temperature of the whole year 3.7 ~ 7.6 DEG C, among 1 year, January, temperature was minimum, average out to-11 DEG C ~-15 DEG C, July maximum temperature, on average at 20 ~ 24 DEG C.Hetao area day and night temperature is large, illumination strong, the natural conditions of dry and rainless are very favourable to the result of jujube tree, but the plantation that freeze injury limits jujube tree is promoted.Therefore, how to overcome freeze injury and become the key of jujube tree at Inner Mongol and other similar weather conditions area large area field plantings.
In the Hetao area, Baya ur, NeiMengGu city, due to freeze injury, jujube tree is difficult to, at large Tanaka's open field soil, can not plant popularization.The present invention indicates the culture technique of a kind of jujube tree land for growing field crops open field soil; be applicable to the dry and cold severe cold areas of high latitude such as the picture Hetao area, Baya ur, NeiMengGu city; adopt this technology; do not need any artificial safeguard measure completely; jujube tree can in land for growing field crops open field soil, be intended to for promote jujube tree the Hetao area, Ba Yan Nor City and be not suitable for because of same freeze injury jujube tree plantation area plantation.
By observing for many years, find that jujube tree suffers the murderous position of freeze injury to be in jujube tree trunk distance collar 50cm at high and cold area open field soil such as the Bayan nur Hetao areas, the overwhelming majority is the part of trunk distance collar 15cm, and the above position of collar 50cm does not affect by freeze injury substantially.The reason of this phenomenon is caused to be the superposition of low temperature freezing-disaster and radiation freeze injury two kinds of freeze injuries.For this reason, the part that jujube tree trunk is easily endured cold is replaced to the wild jujube that frost resistance is strong, can grow in the Hetao area, Baya ur, NeiMengGu city by the present invention.
China Patent Publication No. CN 103340100A discloses again: a kind of method at high and cold area plantation red date, mainly through the seeding and seedling raising of stock, the Fruit variety of grafting and field management, the grafting of jujube tree, the field management of nursery stock and overwinter management, reach the object of building live red date garden.The Wintering Methods of the jujube tree grafting described in above-mentioned patent comprises: seal soil to hibernate or dig out after nursery stock wipes out side shoot and be stored in cellar, and the graft position above 1-5cm place that is stock ground.Need wipe out more than grave mound afterwards every year to freeze to death part, the trunk utilizing below grave mound not freeze to death is sprouted the bud and is grown up to annotinous branch, result.Its technical operation is loaded down with trivial details, and fails thoroughly to solve jujube tree as the present invention and to freeze to death problem.Grafting part of the present invention selects the position at stock trunk distance more than collar 15cm, and after grafting success, do not need to take any safeguard procedures, grafting can at land for growing field crops open field soil.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide jujube tree land for growing field crops, a kind of high latitude dry and cold severe cold area open field soil cultivation method, the method can make the geographic coverage of jujube tree energy safe overwintering expand, as the north in the provinces such as the Hetao area, Inner Mongol, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Gansu, the some areas on the ground such as Xinjiang, northeast.
Jujube tree land for growing field crops, a kind of high latitude provided by the invention dry and cold severe cold area open field soil cultivation method, comprises the steps: first to cultivate or choose and can set as stock at the wild jujube that the 1-5 of high latitude dry and cold severe cold area open country growth is raw; Next chooses a kind of excellent jujube tree branch as scion; Then grafting is carried out at the stock trunk distance above position of collar 15cm; Finally grafting watered, apply fertilizer and fix;
Described rootstock seedling is cultivated by transplanting, plant division or sowing to obtain; In rootstock seedling cultivating process, it is loosened the soil, weeding, dredge weak seedling and overstocked seedling, topdress and water;
Transplant and first choose the good wild jujube tree of 1-5 growth potential from local wild environment, its root band soil ball is dug out, and native ball is wrapped up; Secondly wild jujube tree is pruned, reduce tree body water consumption; The wild jujube that 3rd transport processing is good; 4th field planting wild jujube tree, straightens its trunk, parcel trunk, and vertical support column, takes cool canopy, cultivate and namely can be used as stock in 1 year;
First described division propagation selects excellent maternal plant, and in winter or resting stage in spring, 15-20cm place around trunk, digs the annular groove of wide about 30-40cm, deeply to reveal horizontal branch for degree; Secondly the outer shroud horizontal branch of ditch is cut off, promote multiple root turion seedling; 3rd as root turion height of seedling about 20-40cm, strong seedling cultivation of selecting and remain, and in ditch, fertilising is banketed; 4th opens Article 2 ditch at a distance of the place that root turion seedling 20-40cm is far away, cuts off the root be connected with maternal plant, promotes the spontaneous fibrous root of root turion seedling, is filled and led up by ditch, cultivate and namely can be used as stock after 1 year after a couple of days;
First growth selection healthy and strong, to be annual fruiting and output is high, without the excellent maternal plant of damage by disease and insect, mellow fruit of gathering; Secondly mellow fruit stack retting is cleaned; Finally carry out autumn sowing or process with wet sand sowing in spring next year, after cultivating 1-5, namely can be used as stock;
Autumn sowing in late October with adopting with broadcasting; Sow in spring and to carry out after early spring, soil thawed; Concrete grammar is on whole good furrow face, by the drilling of line-spacing 15-30cm horizontal furrow trench digging; Nursery 1-2, can be used as stock as more than height of seedling 50cm, leading thread more than 0.5cm;
The grafting method taked comprises slotting skin whip graft, cleft grafting, plate budding, two whip graft and cut-grafting; To water in time after grafting, bud picking, removing sprout tillers, remove bundle; Erection hack lever, weeding with a hoe simultaneously, topdressing in conjunction with watering;
Insert skin whip graft and first scion is whittled into the large bevel of the ligule being about 4-5cm; Secondly pinch out the cortex of ligule part with hand, make it be separated with wooden; 3rd needs grafting part to cut short at stock, then locates smooth-barked side at stock trunk distance more than collar 15cm and scrape off and be about the 5-6cm one deck epidermis wider than scion; 4th by between the cortex and xylem of wooden for the ligule of scion partial insertion stock, and the cortex of scion spreads on the bevel of stock outer surface, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally between 0.3-1.0cm; Finally pack tightly Bao Yan with plastic strip;
First scion is whittled into wedge shape by cleft grafting, has 2 symmetrical bevels, long 2 ~ 4cm, and the outside of scion is thicker than inner side; Secondly the stock trunk distance above place of collar 15cm to be cut off or sawed-off, after stock is cut off or be sawed-off, split 1 cutter with chopper is vertical at stock center, make to split the dark 2 ~ 6cm of mouth; 3rd pries open rootstock opening-cleaving with the wedge portion of chopper, scion is inserted lightly in anvil, and make the thick side of scion outside, thin side, inner, then removes chopper gently.Bevel to be exposed the bevel of about 0.3-1.0cm during grafting fringe; Finally with plastic strip tighten;
First plate budding by the bud in scion, cuts from top to bottom.First slightly be with xylem tiltedly partial application downwards from the top 1.0 ~ 2.5cm of bud, the then laterally tiltedly partial application at the 0.5-1.0cm place, below of bud, takes off bud sheet; Secondly at stock trunk distance more than collar 15cm, get in the shade smooth place, be slightly with xylem to cut a tangent plane all equal with sheet length and width of buddering from the top down, cut on this bark top slightly with xylem of cutting, about 0.3-1.0cm is stayed in bottom; Finally bud sheet being inserted otch makes both form layer alignment, then will stay and be partly attached on bud sheet, with plastic strip colligation well;
First the bud back side under scion is whittled into the long inclined-plane of about 3cm by two whip graft; Secondly at bevel 1/3 place from lower to upper, up split along branch, split mouth and be about 0.5-1.0cm, in ligule, stock trunk distance more than collar 15cm locates also to be whittled into the long inclined-plane of about 2-5cm, and inclined-plane is 1/3 place from top to bottom, down splits along stock, split mouth and be about 0.5-1.0cm, corresponding with the position, inclined-plane of scion; Then scion split mouth insert stock split in mouth, make the ligule of stock and scion cross-up, aim at formed layer, be inwardly seated; Finally with plastic strip bondage;
First scion is long 3 ~ 15cm by cut-grafting, is advisable with tool 1 ~ 6 full bud, scion bottom two bevels that are whittled into that one is long and the other is short, long face, at the homonymy of lateral bud, reams the xylem of more than 1/3, long 1 ~ 5cm, cut a little inclined-plane of the shape of a hoof on the opposite in long face, length is at about 0.5-2.0cm; Secondly stock is cut off at the stock trunk distance above place of collar 15cm.Select anvil skin depth, the place that smooth, texture is suitable, stock tangent plane is scabbled, then at the downward vertical cut in the edge of xylem.Kerf width and scion equal diameters; Then large for scion bevel inwards, stock otch is inserted.Scion is made to aim at snap with the formation layer of stock; Finally tightly wrap with plastics, by split seam and section all wrap tight.
The grafting that cultivation method of the present invention obtains can, when not taking any artificial safeguard measure, make jujube tree at Hetao area safe overwintering, normal growth.Therefore, this technology can be generalized to and perplexs by similar climate condition, jujube tree can not the area of safe overwintering, as the north in the provinces such as Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Gansu, the some areas on the ground such as Xinjiang, northeast, the suitable planting region large area of jujube tree is expanded, can be used as economic forest large area on the one hand to plant, improve peasant household and enterprise income, can be used as the green tree species of high and cold area on the other hand, establishing in large scale in land for growing field crops, canal on both sides of the road, even may extend to desert area, improve the ecotope of dry and cold severe cold area.
Compared with prior art, graft position of the present invention is positioned at stock trunk distance more than collar 15cm and locates, and do not need to adopt any safeguard measure of surviving the winter, therefore technology of the present invention improves the open field soil ability of jujube tree in dry and cold severe cold area greatly.
Embodiment
Below, technical scheme for a better understanding of the present invention, further describes in detail technical scheme, but does not limit protection scope of the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention defines with claims.
Embodiment one
Be subject to the phenomenon of freeze injury for jujube tree acrial part trunk distance collar 50cm place, the wild jujube grown in the raw Yinshan Mountains, river bend northern foot of available 1-5 carries out grafting as stock.Wild jujube obtains by transplanting method.
1, wild jujube is transplanted:
1. dig tree: choose the good wild jujube tree of 1-5 growth potential from local wild environment, dug out by its root band soil ball, native ball size is 10 times of the wild jujube tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, and native ball shape requires cydariform, the slightly sharp intermediate projections in two; During digging centered by one trunk, draw a circle than the large 3-5cm of the native ball calculated, then cut the earth along drawn a circle opens outward, furrow width 60-80cm, native ball height is generally the 60%-80% of its diameter; With profit shovel or the direct sliding trackle of perching knife, handsaw can must be used sawed-off, must guard against and tear for thick for radicula; By smooth for native ball finishing after soil ball is shaped substantially, in order to wrapping, be adapted to and receive the end inwards gradually two/a period of time, receive and accomplish flat three/a period of time, make whole native ball be reverse frustoconic.
2. wrap up: wrapping up native ball is that can wild jujube be transplanted and be survived and the key of restoration ecosystem quality.Concrete wrapping method is as follows: wild jujube tree former dig out vegetatively after, use the nylon sunshade net of shading rate 50% on the spot, together with rhizome, portion wraps up, then uses the iron net of No. 8-12 that native bag is good, with cleek, iron net is wrung, native ball can not be fallen apart in transportation and stick together.
3. prune: wild jujube tree is pruned, reduce tree body water consumption; The degree of pruning is because of native ball size, tree crown size and different.Concrete grammar: pruning degree is generally advisable to deduct tree crown branches and leaves 1/1 to two/3rd, skeleton branch at different levels and large side shoot to be retained during pruning as far as possible, major branch saw is by 1/2nd positions of height of tree crown, secondary major branch retraction is lower than major branch about 20cm, remove close raw bough and a large amount of little side shoot, bounce back weak branch.
4. transport: the wild jujube that entrucking transport processing is good.
5. field planting: field planting wild jujube is set, and straightens its trunk, makes trunk vertical with ground; Parcel trunk, twines trunk with moistening straw rope from butt is close on the net, then fills straw rope with clay mortar, conventional sprayer water spray moisturizing later; Vertical support column, generally based on triangular support, support column will be placed into the soil, and applies soft material liner above support column with during trunk colligation; Above tree crown, take cool canopy after planting shelter from heat or light; Noting watering, applying fertilizer simultaneously, for promoting fruit tree root of hair, at the field planting initial stage, adding APT root-growing agent when watering.Namely cultivation 1-2 like this can be used as stock.
2, the collection of scion
1. gather standard: the jujube head of life in 1 ~ 2 year is preferably selected in cleft grafting in spring, and rugosity is advisable with 0.5 ~ 1.0cm, be awkward during too thick grafting.As jujube head lazy weight, also can select the sturdy Secondary Branch of life in 1 ~ 2 year, rugosity at more than 0.3cm as well, too carefully directly will have influence on amount of growth then.Autumnbudding should select the main bud of raw jujube branch first time then.
2. scion cut cut a method: for effectively utilizing jujube head, when all jujube heads do scion, cut cut time general each scion only stay a bud.When Secondary Branch does scion, 1 ~ 2 bud can be stayed according to internode length.When cutting fringe, upper clip is advisable apart from bud 0.5cm.Preferably jujube head and Secondary Branch are deposited respectively simultaneously, so that classification uses.
3. the process of scion: should be processed in time and preserve after scion shears.Specific practice is: after cleft grafting in spring scion used shears as stated above, and should put into clear water immediately and soak 5 ~ 10 hours, object allows it suction moisture, then pulled out wind, after its epidermal stem, seals with wax immediately.When sealing with wax, the temperature of paraffin is advisable with 90 ~ 100 DEG C.Sealing wax hourly velocity wants fast, requires to complete within 1 ~ 2 second.Cross wind heat radiation after sealing wax immediately or put into cold water and lower the temperature.After scion cooling, install with wet gunnysack, be then stored in shady and cool place, as grafting time is long, scion amount is large, and should leave in refrigerating equipment, general temperature is advisable with 1 ~ 5 DEG C; The scion of autumnbudding is with the main bud on raw jujube then for the first time branch, adopt lower after remove blade immediately, leave petiole, and tie, then wrap with wet gunnysack, in case dehydration, preferably with adopt with.
3, grafting time; Carry out (by the end of April-by the end of June) spring or carry out autumn (July-September).
4, grafting method: adopt and insert skin tongue grafting.First scion is whittled into the large bevel of the ligule being about 4-5cm; Secondly pinch out the cortex of ligule part with hand, make it be separated with wooden; 3rd cuts short at the stock trunk distance above place of collar 15cm, then scrapes off in the smooth-barked side of stock and be about the 5-6cm one deck epidermis wider than scion; 4th by between the cortex and xylem of wooden for the ligule of scion partial insertion stock, and the cortex of scion spreads on the bevel of stock outer surface, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally between 0.3-1.0cm; Finally pack tightly Bao Yan with plastic strip.
5, connect rear management: will water in time after grafting, ensure the supply of scion moisture.Check at any time, timely bud picking, removing sprout tillers.
6, solution is tied up: when young sprout long 20-30cm, remove bundle in time.Scratch the plastic strip of bondage gently with cutter when lightening restrictions on.
7, erection bracket: when scion young sprout grows to 30-50cm, set up hack lever in time.Available thin bamboo, branch etc., one end and anvil branch are tied up, and the other end is tied up in scion and young sprout.
8, apply fertilizer after grafting: the healing of interface, the vigorous growth of shoot all need to consume a large amount of nutrient, moisture, so will weed with a hoe in time after grafting, in conjunction with the Nitrogen Top Dressing that waters, every mu of ground fertilising 8-10 kilogram.
9, grafting survives the winter: after grafting survival, and without the need to taking safeguard measure, grafting can at large Tanaka's safe overwintering.
Embodiment two
Compared with embodiment one, the difference of embodiment two is that rootstock seedling is obtained by division propagation.
1, rootstock seedling division propagation: select excellent maternal plant, in winter or resting stage in spring, 15-20cm place around trunk, digs the annular groove of wide about 30-40cm, deeply to reveal horizontal branch for degree, then is cut off by the outer shroud horizontal branch of ditch, promotes multiple root turion seedling.As root turion height of seedling about 20-40cm, strong seedling cultivation of selecting and remain, in ditch, fertilising is banketed, open Article 2 ditch from the place away from root turion seedling 20-40cm again, cut off the root be connected with maternal plant, promote the spontaneous fibrous root of root turion seedling, after a couple of days, ditch is filled and led up, cultivate 1-2 and namely can be used as stock.
2, rootstock seedling management:
1. intertill and clean tillage.Seedling stage weeds with a hoe in time, dredges weak seedling and overstocked seedling suitably.
2. topdress.During height of seedling about 8-15cm, every 1 mu imposes urea or ammonium sulfate 8-12 kilogram.During height of seedling 30-40cm, every 1 mu imposes barnyard manure 500-1200 kilogram and superphosphate 10-20 kilogram, and trench digging applies, and waters after executing.Annual growing period 0.5%-1% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor carry out top dressing, monthly 1-2 time.
Embodiment three
Compared with embodiment one, the difference of embodiment three is that rootstock seedling is obtained by seminal propagation.
1, stock seed treatment: choose robust growth, to be annual fruiting and output is high, without the excellent wild jujube maternal plant of damage by disease and insect, mellow fruit of gathering collects wild jujube seed.With adopting with broadcasting or puddling storage with wet sand, through cryogenic freezing and moist emollescence, must sow in spring after early spring, soil thawed, just can sprout.
2, stock planting seed: on whole good furrow face, by the drilling of line-spacing 20-25cm horizontal furrow trench digging.
3, stock seed seedling-raising: nursery 1-2, can be used as stock as more than height of seedling 30-50cm, leading thread more than 0.3-0.5cm.
4, rootstock seedling management:
1. intertill and clean tillage.Seedling stage weeds with a hoe in time, dredges weak seedling and overstocked seedling suitably.
2. topdress.During height of seedling about 8-15cm, every 1 mu imposes urea or ammonium sulfate 8-12 kilogram.During height of seedling 30-40cm, every 1 mu imposes barnyard manure 500-1200 kilogram and superphosphate 10-20 kilogram, and trench digging applies, and waters after executing.Annual growing period 0.5%-1% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor carry out top dressing, monthly 1-2 time.
Embodiment four
Compared with embodiment one, the difference of embodiment four is to adopt cleft graft grafting.
1, scion is cut: first scion is whittled into two symmetrical inclined-planes, making it to become tangent plane is 2 ~ 4cm wedge shape, requires that tangent plane is straight, smooth, clean.Branch skin can not tilt, and requires that the outside face stayed should slightly wider than inner side simultaneously.When cutting scion, application left hand holds steady scion, and right hand push broach is cut sth. askew into scion.Push broach is firmly wanted evenly, and self-consistentency, the direction of push broach will keep consistent with the direction of lower cutter.
2, stock is cut: cut off at the stock trunk distance above place of collar 15cm.Section position is very important, and the trunk surface that stays be made smooth, and texture is logical straight, at least in upper and lower 4-6cm without scar, otherwise it is straight to split seam, and xylem splits to simultaneously.Vertically rive along Section Central, the degree of depth is that 2.5 ~ 3cm is advisable again.
3, grafting fringe: pry open rootstock opening-cleaving, scion is inserted stock from top to bottom, notes making the cortex of scion and stock (formation layer) align and make it coincide closely.Outside, thin side is interior for the thick side of scion.Bevel is not all inserted during grafting fringe, expose the bevel of about 0.3-0.8cm, the formation layer contact surface of such scion and stock is comparatively large, is conducive to merismatic formation and healing.
Embodiment five
Compared with embodiment one, the difference of embodiment five is to adopt the grafting of plate budding method.
First plate budding by the bud in scion, cuts from top to bottom.First slightly be with xylem tiltedly partial application downwards from the top 1.0 ~ 2.5cm of bud, the then laterally tiltedly partial application at the 0.5-1.0cm place, below of bud, takes off bud sheet; Secondly at stock trunk distance more than collar 15cm, get in the shade smooth place, be slightly with xylem to cut a tangent plane all equal with sheet length and width of buddering from the top down, cut on this bark top slightly with xylem of cutting, about 0.3-1.0cm is stayed in bottom; Finally bud sheet being inserted otch makes both form layer alignment, then will stay and be partly attached on bud sheet, with plastic strip colligation well.
Embodiment six
Compared with embodiment one, the difference of embodiment six is to adopt two tongue grafting grafting.
First the bud back side under scion is whittled into the long inclined-plane of about 3cm by two whip graft; Secondly at bevel 1/3 place from lower to upper, up split along branch, split mouth and be about 0.5-1.0cm, in ligule, stock is located also to be whittled into the long inclined-plane of about 2-5cm at trunk distance more than collar 15cm, and inclined-plane is 1/3 place from top to bottom, down splits along stock, split mouth and be about 0.5-1.0cm, corresponding with the position, inclined-plane of scion; Then scion split mouth insert stock split in mouth, make the ligule of stock and scion cross-up, aim at formed layer, be inwardly seated; Finally with plastic strip bondage.
Embodiment seven
Compared with embodiment one, the difference of embodiment seven is to adopt the grafting of cut-grafting method.
First scion is long 3 ~ 15cm by cut-grafting, is advisable with tool 1 ~ 6 full bud, scion bottom two bevels that are whittled into that one is long and the other is short, long face, at the homonymy of lateral bud, reams the xylem of more than 1/3, long 1 ~ 5cm, cut a little inclined-plane of the shape of a hoof on the opposite in long face, length is at about 0.5-2.0cm; Secondly stock is cut off at the stock trunk distance above place of collar 15cm.Select anvil skin depth, the place that smooth, texture is suitable, stock tangent plane is scabbled, then at the downward vertical cut in the edge of xylem.Kerf width and scion equal diameters; Then large for scion bevel inwards, stock otch is inserted.Scion is made to aim at snap with the formation layer of stock; Finally tightly wrap with plastics, by split seam and section all wrap tight.
Claims (10)
1. a high latitude dry and cold severe cold area method for cultivating Chinese jujube, is characterized in that: first cultivate or choose and can set as stock at the wild jujube that the 1-5 of high latitude dry and cold severe cold area open country growth is raw; Next chooses a kind of excellent jujube tree branch as scion; Then grafting is carried out at stock trunk distance collar 15cm with upper part; Finally grafting is carried out except sprouting with pinching, watering, apply fertilizer and fix.
2. the dry and cold severe cold area of a kind of high latitude according to claim 1 method for cultivating Chinese jujube, is characterized in that described rootstock seedling is cultivated by transplanting, plant division or sowing to obtain; In rootstock seedling cultivating process, it is loosened the soil, weeding, dredge weak seedling and overstocked seedling, topdress and water.
3. the dry and cold severe cold area of a kind of high latitude according to claim 2 method for cultivating Chinese jujube, is characterized in that first described transplanting chooses the good wild jujube tree of 1-5 growth potential from local wild environment, is dug out by its root band soil ball, and wrap up native ball; Secondly wild jujube tree is pruned, reduce tree body water consumption; The wild jujube that 3rd transport processing is good; 4th field planting wild jujube tree, straightens its trunk, parcel trunk, and vertical support column, takes cool canopy, cultivates 1-2 and namely can be used as stock.
4. the dry and cold severe cold area of a kind of high latitude according to claim 2 method for cultivating Chinese jujube, it is characterized in that first described division propagation selects excellent maternal plant, in winter or resting stage in spring, 15-20cm place around trunk, dig the annular groove of wide about 30-40cm, deeply to reveal horizontal branch for degree; Secondly the outer shroud horizontal branch of ditch is cut off, promote multiple root turion seedling; 3rd as root turion height of seedling about 20-40cm, strong seedling cultivation of selecting and remain, and in ditch, fertilising is banketed; 4th opens Article 2 ditch at a distance of the place that root turion seedling 20-40cm is far away, cuts off the root be connected with maternal plant, promotes the spontaneous fibrous root of root turion seedling, is filled and led up by ditch, cultivate and namely can be used as stock after 1 year after a couple of days.
5. the dry and cold severe cold area of a kind of high latitude according to claim 2 method for cultivating Chinese jujube, it is characterized in that described seed propagation first growth selection healthy and strong, to be annual fruiting and output is high, without the excellent maternal plant of damage by disease and insect, mellow fruit of gathering; Secondly mellow fruit stack retting is cleaned; Finally carry out autumn sowing or process with wet sand sowing in spring next year, after cultivating 1-5, namely can be used as stock.
6. the dry and cold severe cold area of a kind of high latitude according to claim 5 method for cultivating Chinese jujube, is characterized in that described seed propagation autumn sowing in late October with adopting with broadcasting; Sow in spring and to carry out after early spring, soil thawed; Concrete grammar is on whole good furrow face, by the drilling of line-spacing 15-30cm horizontal furrow trench digging; Nursery 1-2, can be used as stock as more than height of seedling 50cm, leading thread more than 0.5cm.
7. the dry and cold severe cold area of a kind of high latitude according to claim 1 method for cultivating Chinese jujube, is characterized in that the grafting method taked comprises slotting skin whip graft, cleft grafting, plate budding, two whip graft and cut-grafting; To water in time after grafting, bud picking, removing sprout tillers, remove bundle; Erection hack lever, weeding with a hoe simultaneously, topdressing in conjunction with watering.
8. the dry and cold severe cold area of a kind of high latitude according to claim 7 method for cultivating Chinese jujube, is characterized in that first scion is whittled into the large bevel of the ligule being about 4-5cm by slotting skin whip graft; Secondly pinch out the cortex of ligule part with hand, make it be separated with wooden; 3rd is applicable to grafting place at stock trunk distance more than collar 15cm cuts short, then scrapes off be about the 5-6cm one deck epidermis wider than scion in the stock trunk distance smooth-barked side of more than collar 15cm; 4th by between the cortex and xylem of wooden for the ligule of scion partial insertion stock, and the cortex of scion spreads on the bevel of stock outer surface, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally between 0.3-1.0cm; Finally pack tightly Bao Yan with plastic strip.
9. the dry and cold severe cold area of a kind of high latitude according to claim 7 method for cultivating Chinese jujube, is characterized in that first scion is whittled into wedge shape by cleft grafting, has 2 symmetrical bevels, long 2 ~ 4cm, and the outside of scion is thicker than inner side; Secondly stock to be cut off at the trunk distance above place of collar 15cm or sawed-off, after stock is cut off or be sawed-off, split 1 cutter with chopper is vertical at stock center, make to split the dark 2 ~ 6cm of mouth; 3rd pries open rootstock opening-cleaving with the wedge portion of chopper, scion is inserted lightly in anvil, and make the thick side of scion outside, thin side, inner, then removes chopper gently.Bevel to be exposed the bevel of about 0.3-1.0cm during grafting fringe; Finally with plastic strip tighten.
10. the dry and cold severe cold area of a kind of high latitude according to claim 7 method for cultivating Chinese jujube, is characterized in that plate budding first by the bud in scion, cuts from top to bottom.First slightly be with xylem tiltedly partial application downwards from the top 1.0 ~ 2.5cm of bud, the then laterally tiltedly partial application at the 0.5-1.0cm place, below of bud, takes off bud sheet; Secondly at stock trunk distance more than collar 15cm, get in the shade smooth place, be slightly with xylem to cut a tangent plane all equal with sheet length and width of buddering from the top down, cut on this bark top slightly with xylem of cutting, about 0.3-1.0cm is stayed in bottom; Finally bud sheet being inserted otch makes both form layer alignment, then will stay and be partly attached on bud sheet, with plastic strip colligation well.
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