CN105104067A - Wild jujube stock immature stem grafting seedling culturing method for jujube tree in solar greenhouse - Google Patents
Wild jujube stock immature stem grafting seedling culturing method for jujube tree in solar greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN105104067A CN105104067A CN201510514385.8A CN201510514385A CN105104067A CN 105104067 A CN105104067 A CN 105104067A CN 201510514385 A CN201510514385 A CN 201510514385A CN 105104067 A CN105104067 A CN 105104067A
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- jujube
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- wild jujube
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention provides a wild jujube stock immature stem grafting seedling culturing method for a jujube tree in a solar greenhouse. The method includes the following steps of A, scion preparation; B, seedling culturing, wherein wild jujube seeds are sown in the first ten-day period of January for seedling culturing, a wild jujube stock is stumped in early of middle of May, seedlings are grafted at the rootstock position of the wild jujube stock, the seedlings are cultured in mid-to-late October, and solar greenhouse nutrition bags are adopted for seedling culturing; C, manufacturing of the nutrition bags; D, manufacturing of a seedbed; E, seed treatment; F, sowing, wherein when white parts of 30% of the wild jujube seeds in the step E are exposed, sowing is conducted, sowing is selected to be conducted on sunny days, bottom water is sufficiently irrigated to the seedbed before sowing, the bed surface is slicked before the water completely seeps, three or four seeds are dibbled in each nutrition bag after the water completely seeps, the nutrition bags are covered with nutrient soil of 2 cm to 3 cm, and heat and moisture preservation is conducted; G, seedling management; H, grafting, wherein jujube tree scions are grafted on the wild jujube stock immature stem through a split grafting method; I, grafted seedling management; J, disease and pest prevention and control; K, nursery stock outplanting. The jujube tree adult seedling outplanting time is shortened, and the survival rate is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of fruit tree cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of tender stem grafting seedlings-growing method of wild jujube stock of Greenhouse Jujube.
Background technology
Jujube tree is the important fruit tree that China originates in, and has long cultivation history in China.Jujube tree resists saline and alkaline, barren-resistant, not only drought resisting but also waterlogging, has very strong adaptability.Therefore, jujube tree not only has important economic worth, is also planting trees on barren hills, the pioneer tree species of improving the ecological environment.In many areas, particularly mountain area, jujube tree has developed into the mainstay industry in rural area, strives for a relatively comfortable life and realize playing an important role in the process of Rural Sustainable Development at wealth accumulation in rural areas.But the managerial skills in China's jujube garden are lower at present, the difficult problem that traditional jujube tree ubiquity graft seedling growth duration is long, transplanting survival rate is low.
Wild jujube is the mutation of jujube, its, the form of leaf, flower is similar to common jujube, but branch internode is shorter, and care thorn is flourishing, and respectively save except equal tool care thorn except growing branch, fruit bearing shoot stipule also becomes tapering care thorn, and the more common Zaoqiang of adaptability, florescence are very long.Wild jujube belongs to original wild varieties, can make the transition as the date of various different profile by grafting, also becomes various taste and difform date by evolving for 10000 years of autogene group.Warm arid climate liked by wild jujube, drought-enduring, cold-resistant, alkaline-resisting, is suitable for the sandstone soil cultivation in dry hillside, hills, mountain valley, Plain and roadside on the sunny side, should not plants at low-lying waterlogged land.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for above-mentioned defect of the prior art, provide a kind of wild jujube stock of Greenhouse Jujube tender stem grafting seedlings-growing method, the method can shorten the time of jujube tree seedling and result, improves the economic benefit of jujube tree.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention comprises the following steps:
A, scion prepare;
When freezing at the beginning of ground, gather jujube tree one secondary branch of even thickness, often joint is cut and is cut a jujube tree scion, prevents scion dehydration;
B, nursery;
In the nursery of early January sowing spina date seed, May, early and middle ten days was to wild jujube stock stump, and select the scion of wild jujube stock rhizome place's grafting jujube tree, mid or late October cultivates seedling; Described nursery adopts greenhouse by solar heat nutritional bag;
C, making nutritious bag;
C1, according to volume parts, 6 parts, fertile field soil is mixed with the farmyard manure fully become thoroughly decomposed 4 parts and sieves, obtain Nutrition Soil;
C2, to every 1m
3add thiophanate methyl or carbendazim 50 ~ 100g in Nutrition Soil, chlorophos 50 ~ 100g, the diammonium phosphate smashed to pieces or composite fertilizer 500 ~ 1000g and ferrous sulfate 50 ~ 100g, fully mix, and overlay film heap is vexed, loads nutritious bag;
D, making seedbed;
In greenhouse, make the north-south seedling bed of wide 1.2m, dark 30cm, length 6 ~ 7 meters, between seedbed the aisle of reserved 50cm, first by steady and sure for leveling bottom seedbed, then the nutritious bag proper alignment installing Nutrition Soil is waited to broadcast to seedbed;
E, seed treatment;
Before sowing, spina date seed is put into 55 DEG C of warm water Keep agitation, soak seed 24 hours, then pull out and drain away the water after water temperature is down to room temperature, wrap vernalization at the temperature being placed on 28 ~ 30 DEG C with wet gauze, in pregermination procedure, every day is with clear water flushing 1 ~ 2 time;
F, sowing;
When in step e 30% wild jujube kind benevolence show money or valuables one carries unintentionally time sow, during sowing select fine day, broadcast front seedbed and water vola water, before water has oozed, strike off bed surface, water has oozed rear each nutritious bag dibbling 3 ~ 4, above covers 2 ~ 3cm Nutrition Soil, carries out heat and moisture preserving;
G, seedling management;
When wild jujube is emerged and reached 70%, reduce bed surface humidity, strengthen illumination; The timely thinning of Miao Qihou, each nutritious bag stays strain in strong sprout 1; Before emerging, day temperature remains on 25 ~ 28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is at 15 ~ 18 DEG C, and after emerging, day temperature is at 20 ~ 25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is at 12 ~ 15 DEG C; After 1st true leaf grows, day temperature remains on 23 ~ 26 DEG C, and after 6 ~ 7 true leaves grow, day temperature remains on 25 ~ 28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is at 12 ~ 15 DEG C; Seedling ensures sunny irradiation, topdresses 1 ~ 2 time when more than height of seedling 15cm, and during more than height of seedling 30cm, pinching is to promote nursery stock overstriking;
H, grafting;
At early and middle ten days in May, stump when wild jujube stock stem slightly reaches more than 0.5cm, adopts cleft graft jujube tree scion to be grafted on the tender stem of wild jujube stock, within before grafting 2 ~ 3 days, waters permeable to seedbed, to improve the water content of stock;
I, grafting management;
Do not carry out before rudiment after seedling grafting applying fertilizer, pouring water, do not collide scion and seedling, apply fertilizer after 20 ~ 30 days, pour water, every m
2urea 0.2 ~ 0.3kg, phosphonic acids diamines 0.1 ~ 0.2kg are spread fertilizer over the fields in seedbed, and watering permeable, applies fertilizer after 1 month more equally in interval, removes sprout tillers simultaneously; When grafting grows to more than 70cm, terminal bud pinching, suppresses Seedling height, inspires collateral generation;
J, diseases and pests controlling;
Jujube cecidomyiia, two spotted spider mite and jujube rust and anthracnose to be prevented and treated in time after grafting rudiment;
K, outplanting;
In mid or late October, cultivate seedling, carry out garden.
In season early winter in described steps A, select kind pure, grow vigorous, without jujube garden collection jujube tree one secondary branch of damage by disease and insect.
Described jujube tree one secondary branch length, at more than 6cm, grows 0.5 ~ 1cm before bud.
Described prevents the measure of jujube tree scion dehydration for cut sealing wax on the same day, be stored in preserve in 0 ~ 5 DEG C of environment stand-by.
Described nutritious bag selects wide 25cm, the edible fungus culturing plastic barrel bag of long 30cm, bottom seal.
In described step C2, overlay film piles the vexed time is 5 ~ 7 days.
By bed surface covering with plastic film and buckle the shed large with seedbed etc. carry out heat and moisture preserving on seedbed in described step F; Open shed by day in described step G, carry out adding lustre to wet down, night covers shed, is incubated.
Preventing and treating jujube cecidomyiia in described step J uses 20% Imidacloprid to add 10% Biphenthrin, 1500 times of liquid or 5% emamectin benzoate pulvis, 1000 times of liquid.
Two spotted spider mite 1% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 5000 times of liquid or 1% acetamiprid, 4000 times of liquid or 30% farm chemical for control of moth and mite is prevented and treated in described step J.
Prevent and treat jujube rust in described step J and use 25% Fluoxastrobin, 1500 times of liquid or 25% nitrile bacterium azoles, 5000 times of liquid; Prevent and treat anthracnose 70% thiophanate methyl or 50% carbendazim, 800 times of liquid or 75% tpn wetting powder, 600 times of liquid.
Compared with prior art, the present invention, by under greenhouse by solar heat condition, adopts nutritious bag and tender stem graft seedling growth technology, changes jujube tree tradition seedling raising manners.Tradition jujube tree graft seedling growth is open country nursery, and namely First Year sows wild jujube stock seed 4 ~ May, and by the growth management of a year, can cultivate into wild jujube rootstock seedling when being only, stump grafting before and after Second Year rudiment in 4 ~ May, October cultivates seedling, and seedling raise period is 2 years.The present invention adopts the tender stem grafting seedlings-growing method of the wild jujube stock of Greenhouse Jujube, utilize greenhouse by solar heat nursery, the jujube tree seedling growth environment that artificial creation is suitable, then early January sowing wild jujube stock seed, May early and middle ten days wild jujube stock stump, cultivate seedling in mid or late October after grafting, traditional seedling raise period was advanced to 1 year by 2 years, greatly shortens seedling raise period, reduce seedling cost, realize seeding and seedling raising then, then grafting, seedling goes out garden then.Adopt the tender stem grafting of wild jujube stock, improve the resistance such as the drought resistance of jujube tree, cold resistance, disease resistance, adopt nutritional bag simultaneously, do not hinder root when ensureing outplanting, transplant slow seedling soon, survival rate is high.Pass through actual verification, traditional nursery of jujube tree can be foreshortened to 1 year seedling by 2 years and go out garden, solve the difficult problem that traditional jujube tree graft seedling growth duration is long, transplanting survival rate is low, achieve jujube tree seeding and seedling raising grafting seedling then then, an annual bearing, drastically increases the economic benefit of jujube tree ahead of time.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
The wild jujube stock tender stem grafting seedlings-growing method concrete steps of Greenhouse Jujube of the present invention are as follows:
1. scion prepares: select when early winter freezes at the beginning of ground kind pure, grow vigorous, without the jujube garden of damage by disease and insect, gather a secondary branch of even thickness, a joint cuts a section scion, more than length 6cm, long 0.5 ~ 1cm before bud, sealing wax on the same day is cut in scion, be stored in preserve in 0 ~ 5 DEG C of environment stand-by.
2. nursery: for ensureing jujube cultivation seeding and seedling raising then, grafting seedling then, adopt greenhouse by solar heat nutritional bag, in the nursery of early January sowing spina date seed, May early and middle ten days wild jujube stock stump, in the scion of wild jujube stock rhizome place's grafting jujube tree, mid or late October cultivate seedling.
3. nutritive soil preparation: by volume number, the farmyard manure that fertile Tian Tuyu fully becomes thoroughly decomposed that is formulated as of Nutrition Soil sieves with the mixing of 6:4 ratio, every 1m
3nutrition Soil is methylate topsin or carbendazim 50g again, chlorophos 50g, adds diammonium phosphate that 500g smashs to pieces or composite fertilizer, 50g ferrous sulfate simultaneously, fully mixes, vexed 5 ~ 7 days of plastic covering membrane stack, load nutritious bag.
4. nutritious bag is selected: the edible fungus culturing plastic barrel bag selecting wide 25cm, be cut into the nutrition barrel bag of long 30cm, bottom staple seals.
5. seedbed is manufactured: the north-south seedling bed making wide 1.2m, dark 30cm, length 6 ~ 7 meters in greenhouse, stays the aisle of 50cm, first by steady and sure for leveling bottom seedbed, then the nutritious bag proper alignment installing soil waited to broadcast to seedbed between seedbed.
6. seed treatment: according to every 667m
2field planting strain number and 30% seedling loss rate determination sowing quantity, before sowing, spina date seed is put into 55 DEG C of warm water not stop to stir, soak seed 24 hours after being down to room temperature, pull out and drain away the water, wrap with wet gauze and be placed on vernalization under 28 ~ 30 DEG C of conditions, in pregermination procedure, every day rinses 1 ~ 2 time with clear water, sows when 30% kind of benevolence shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
7. type of seeding: select fine day sowing in the morning, after planting have several continuous sunny to be beneficial to and emerge.Broadcast front seedbed and water vola water, with plank drag level bed face before water has not oozed, water has oozed rear each nutritious bag dibbling 3, above covers 2cm Nutrition Soil, bed surface covering with plastic film, button Small plastic shed heat and moisture preserving, and Small plastic shed 1.2m is wide, height 50 ~ 60cm.
8. seedling management: remove bed surface mulch film in time when reaching 70% wait emerging, reduces bed surface humidity, strengthens illumination.The timely thinning of Miao Qihou, each nutritious bag stays strain in strong sprout 1.Under the prerequisite ensureing preference temperature, strengthen ventilation dewetting, prevent seedling excessive growth, open Small plastic shed film daytime and to add lustre to wet down, epiphragma insulation in night.Before emerging, daytime keeps 25 ~ 28 DEG C, night 15 ~ 18 DEG C, daytime 20 ~ 25 DEG C after emerging, night 12 ~ 15 DEG C, after 1st true leaf grows, day temperature 23 ~ 26 DEG C, after 6 true leaves, keeps 25 ~ 28 DEG C daytime, night 12 ~ 15 DEG C, allow seedling early see light, common light, with nurturing staff as far as possible.Topdress 1 ~ 2 time depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings when more than height of seedling 15cm, during more than height of seedling 30cm, pinching is to promote nursery stock overstriking.
9. optimum period grafting: stump when about mid-May, wild jujube stock stem slightly reached more than 0.5cm, adopt cleft graft jujube tree scion to be grafted on the tender stem of stock, grafting first 2 days seedbeds are watered permeable, to improve the water content of stock.
10. the management of grafting: can not apply fertilizer before rudiment after seedling grafting, pour water, scion and seedling can not collide.About fertilising in about 1 month, to pour water, every m
2urea 0.2kg, phosphonic acids diamines 0.1kg are spread fertilizer over the fields in seedbed, water permeable, and to promote that nursery stock grows fast, same disposable fertilizer is executed after 1 month again in interval, removes sprout tillers simultaneously.During grafting more than height of seedling 70cm, terminal bud pinching, suppresses Seedling height, inspires side shoot, improves nursery stock degree of lignification.
diseases and pests controlling: jujube cecidomyiia, two spotted spider mite and the damage by disease and insect such as jujube rust, anthracnose will be prevented and treated in time after grafting rudiment.Jujube cecidomyiia 20% Imidacloprid adds the medicament such as 10% Biphenthrin, 1500 times of liquid or 5% emamectin benzoate pulvis, 1000 times of liquid, two spotted spider mite 1% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 5000 times of liquid or the chemical control such as 1% acetamiprid, 4000 times of liquid or 30% farm chemical for control of moth and mite; The medicaments such as jujube rust 25% Fluoxastrobin 1500 times of liquid or 25% nitrile bacterium azoles, 5000 times of liquid, anthracnose 70% thiophanate methyl or the chemical control such as 50% carbendazim, 800 times of liquid or 75% tpn wetting powder, 600 times of liquid.
Embodiment 2
The wild jujube stock tender stem grafting seedlings-growing method concrete steps of Greenhouse Jujube of the present invention are as follows:
1. scion prepares: select when early winter freezes at the beginning of ground kind pure, grow vigorous, without the jujube garden of damage by disease and insect, gather a secondary branch of even thickness, a joint cuts a section scion, more than length 6cm, long 0.5 ~ 1cm before bud, sealing wax on the same day is cut in scion, be stored in preserve in 0 ~ 5 DEG C of environment stand-by.
2. nursery: for ensureing jujube cultivation seeding and seedling raising then, grafting seedling then, adopt greenhouse by solar heat nutritional bag, in the nursery of early January sowing spina date seed, May early and middle ten days wild jujube stock stump, in the scion of wild jujube stock rhizome place's grafting jujube tree, mid or late October cultivate seedling.
3. nutritive soil preparation: by volume number, the farmyard manure that fertile Tian Tuyu fully becomes thoroughly decomposed that is formulated as of Nutrition Soil sieves with the mixing of 6:4 ratio, every 1m
3nutrition Soil is methylate topsin or carbendazim 75g again, chlorophos 75g, adds diammonium phosphate that 750g smashs to pieces or composite fertilizer, 75g ferrous sulfate simultaneously, fully mixes, vexed 5 ~ 7 days of plastic covering membrane stack, load nutritious bag.
4. nutritious bag is selected: the edible fungus culturing plastic barrel bag selecting wide 25cm, be cut into the nutrition barrel bag of long 30cm, bottom staple seals.
5. seedbed is manufactured: the north-south seedling bed making wide 1.2m, dark 30cm, length 6 ~ 7 meters in greenhouse, stays the aisle of 50cm, first by steady and sure for leveling bottom seedbed, then the nutritious bag proper alignment installing soil waited to broadcast to seedbed between seedbed.
6. seed treatment: according to every 667m
2field planting strain number and 30% seedling loss rate determination sowing quantity, before sowing, spina date seed is put into 55 DEG C of warm water not stop to stir, soak seed 24 hours after being down to room temperature, pull out and drain away the water, wrap with wet gauze and be placed on vernalization under 28 ~ 30 DEG C of conditions, in pregermination procedure, every day rinses 1 ~ 2 time with clear water, sows when 30% kind of benevolence shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
7. type of seeding: select fine day sowing in the morning, after planting have several continuous sunny to be beneficial to and emerge.Broadcast front seedbed and water vola water, with plank drag level bed face before water has not oozed, water has oozed rear each nutritious bag dibbling 3, above covers 2cm Nutrition Soil, bed surface covering with plastic film, button Small plastic shed heat and moisture preserving, and Small plastic shed 1.2m is wide, height 50 ~ 60cm.
8. seedling management: remove bed surface mulch film in time when reaching 70% wait emerging, reduces bed surface humidity, strengthens illumination.The timely thinning of Miao Qihou, each nutritious bag stays strain in strong sprout 1.Under the prerequisite ensureing preference temperature, strengthen ventilation dewetting, prevent seedling excessive growth, open Small plastic shed film daytime and to add lustre to wet down, epiphragma insulation in night.Before emerging, daytime keeps 25 ~ 28 DEG C, night 15 ~ 18 DEG C, daytime 20 ~ 25 DEG C after emerging, night 12 ~ 15 DEG C, after 1st true leaf grows, day temperature 23 ~ 26 DEG C, after 6 true leaves, keeps 25 ~ 28 DEG C daytime, night 12 ~ 15 DEG C, allow seedling early see light, common light, with nurturing staff as far as possible.Topdress 1 ~ 2 time depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings when more than height of seedling 15cm, during more than height of seedling 30cm, pinching is to promote nursery stock overstriking.
9. optimum period grafting: stump when about mid-May, wild jujube stock stem slightly reached more than 0.5cm, adopt cleft graft jujube tree scion to be grafted on the tender stem of stock, grafting first 2 days seedbeds are watered permeable, to improve the water content of stock.
10. the management of grafting: can not apply fertilizer before rudiment after seedling grafting, pour water, scion and seedling can not collide.About fertilising in about 1 month, to pour water, every m
2urea 0.25kg, phosphonic acids diamines 0.15kg are spread fertilizer over the fields in seedbed, water permeable, and to promote that nursery stock grows fast, same disposable fertilizer is executed after 1 month again in interval, removes sprout tillers simultaneously.During grafting more than height of seedling 70cm, terminal bud pinching, suppresses Seedling height, inspires side shoot, improves nursery stock degree of lignification.
diseases and pests controlling: jujube cecidomyiia, two spotted spider mite and the damage by disease and insect such as jujube rust, anthracnose will be prevented and treated in time after grafting rudiment.Jujube cecidomyiia 20% Imidacloprid adds the medicament such as 10% Biphenthrin, 1500 times of liquid or 5% emamectin benzoate pulvis, 1000 times of liquid, two spotted spider mite 1% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 5000 times of liquid or the chemical control such as 1% acetamiprid, 4000 times of liquid or 30% farm chemical for control of moth and mite; The medicaments such as jujube rust 25% Fluoxastrobin 1500 times of liquid or 25% nitrile bacterium azoles, 5000 times of liquid, anthracnose 70% thiophanate methyl or the chemical control such as 50% carbendazim, 800 times of liquid or 75% tpn wetting powder, 600 times of liquid.
Embodiment 3
The wild jujube stock tender stem grafting seedlings-growing method concrete steps of Greenhouse Jujube of the present invention are as follows:
1. scion prepares: select when early winter freezes at the beginning of ground kind pure, grow vigorous, without the jujube garden of damage by disease and insect, gather a secondary branch of even thickness, a joint cuts a section scion, more than length 6cm, long 0.5 ~ 1cm before bud, sealing wax on the same day is cut in scion, be stored in preserve in 0 ~ 5 DEG C of environment stand-by.
2. nursery: for ensureing jujube cultivation seeding and seedling raising then, grafting seedling then, adopt greenhouse by solar heat nutritional bag, in the nursery of early January sowing spina date seed, May early and middle ten days wild jujube stock stump, in the scion of wild jujube stock rhizome place's grafting jujube tree, mid or late October cultivate seedling.
3. nutritive soil preparation: by volume number, the farmyard manure that fertile Tian Tuyu fully becomes thoroughly decomposed that is formulated as of Nutrition Soil sieves with the mixing of 6:4 ratio, every 1m
3nutrition Soil is methylate topsin or carbendazim 100g again, chlorophos 100g, adds diammonium phosphate that 1000g smashs to pieces or composite fertilizer, 100g ferrous sulfate simultaneously, fully mixes, vexed 5 ~ 7 days of plastic covering membrane stack, load nutritious bag.
4. nutritious bag is selected: the edible fungus culturing plastic barrel bag selecting wide 25cm, be cut into the nutrition barrel bag of long 30cm, bottom staple seals.
5. seedbed is manufactured: the north-south seedling bed making wide 1.2m, dark 30cm, length 6 ~ 7 meters in greenhouse, stays the aisle of 50cm, first by steady and sure for leveling bottom seedbed, then the nutritious bag proper alignment installing soil waited to broadcast to seedbed between seedbed.
6. seed treatment: according to every 667m
2field planting strain number and 30% seedling loss rate determination sowing quantity, before sowing, spina date seed is put into 55 DEG C of warm water not stop to stir, soak seed 24 hours after being down to room temperature, pull out and drain away the water, wrap with wet gauze and be placed on vernalization under 28 ~ 30 DEG C of conditions, in pregermination procedure, every day rinses 1 ~ 2 time with clear water, sows when 30% kind of benevolence shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
7. type of seeding: select fine day sowing in the morning, after planting have several continuous sunny to be beneficial to and emerge.Broadcast front seedbed and water vola water, with plank drag level bed face before water has not oozed, water has oozed rear each nutritious bag dibbling 4, above covers 3cm Nutrition Soil, bed surface covering with plastic film, button Small plastic shed heat and moisture preserving, and Small plastic shed 1.2m is wide, height 50 ~ 60cm.
8. seedling management: remove bed surface mulch film in time when reaching 70% wait emerging, reduces bed surface humidity, strengthens illumination.The timely thinning of Miao Qihou, each nutritious bag stays strain in strong sprout 1.Under the prerequisite ensureing preference temperature, strengthen ventilation dewetting, prevent seedling excessive growth, open Small plastic shed film daytime and to add lustre to wet down, epiphragma insulation in night.Before emerging, daytime keeps 25 ~ 28 DEG C, night 15 ~ 18 DEG C, daytime 20 ~ 25 DEG C after emerging, night 12 ~ 15 DEG C, after 1st true leaf grows, day temperature 23 ~ 26 DEG C, after 7 true leaves, keeps 25 ~ 28 DEG C daytime, night 12 ~ 15 DEG C, allow seedling early see light, common light, with nurturing staff as far as possible.Topdress 1 ~ 2 time depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings when more than height of seedling 15cm, during more than height of seedling 30cm, pinching is to promote nursery stock overstriking.
9. optimum period grafting: stump when about mid-May, wild jujube stock stem slightly reached more than 0.5cm, adopt cleft graft jujube tree scion to be grafted on the tender stem of stock, grafting first 3 days seedbeds are watered permeable, to improve the water content of stock.
10. the management of grafting: can not apply fertilizer before rudiment after seedling grafting, pour water, scion and seedling can not collide.About fertilising in about 1 month, to pour water, every m
2urea 0.3kg, phosphonic acids diamines 0.2kg are spread fertilizer over the fields in seedbed, water permeable, and to promote that nursery stock grows fast, same disposable fertilizer is executed after 1 month again in interval, removes sprout tillers simultaneously.During grafting more than height of seedling 70cm, terminal bud pinching, suppresses Seedling height, inspires side shoot, improves nursery stock degree of lignification.
diseases and pests controlling: jujube cecidomyiia, two spotted spider mite and the damage by disease and insect such as jujube rust, anthracnose will be prevented and treated in time after grafting rudiment.Jujube cecidomyiia 20% Imidacloprid adds the medicament such as 10% Biphenthrin, 1500 times of liquid or 5% emamectin benzoate pulvis, 1000 times of liquid, two spotted spider mite 1% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 5000 times of liquid or the chemical control such as 1% acetamiprid, 4000 times of liquid or 30% farm chemical for control of moth and mite; The medicaments such as jujube rust 25% Fluoxastrobin 1500 times of liquid or 25% nitrile bacterium azoles, 5000 times of liquid, anthracnose 70% thiophanate methyl or the chemical control such as 50% carbendazim, 800 times of liquid or 75% tpn wetting powder, 600 times of liquid.
The present invention is by the tender stem grafting of wild jujube stock, hot-house culture, jujube tree nutritional bag, pass through actual verification, traditional jujube tree can be foreshortened to 1 year seedling by 2 years and go out garden, solve the difficult problem that traditional jujube tree graft seedling growth duration is long, transplanting survival rate is low, achieve jujube tree seeding and seedling raising grafting seedling then then, an annual bearing, greatly improves the economic benefit of jujube tree ahead of time.
Claims (10)
1. the tender stem grafting seedlings-growing method of the wild jujube stock of Greenhouse Jujube, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
A, scion prepare;
When freezing at the beginning of ground, gather jujube tree one secondary branch of even thickness, often joint is cut and is cut a jujube tree scion, prevents scion dehydration;
B, nursery;
In the nursery of early January sowing spina date seed, May, early and middle ten days was to wild jujube stock stump, and select the scion of wild jujube stock rhizome place's grafting jujube tree, mid or late October cultivates seedling; Described nursery adopts greenhouse by solar heat nutritional bag;
C, making nutritious bag;
C1, according to volume parts, 6 parts, fertile field soil is mixed with the farmyard manure fully become thoroughly decomposed 4 parts and sieves, obtain Nutrition Soil;
C2, to every 1m
3add thiophanate methyl or carbendazim 50 ~ 100g in Nutrition Soil, chlorophos 50 ~ 100g, the diammonium phosphate smashed to pieces or composite fertilizer 500 ~ 1000g and ferrous sulfate 50 ~ 100g, fully mix, and overlay film heap is vexed, loads nutritious bag;
D, making seedbed;
In greenhouse, make the north-south seedling bed of wide 1.2m, dark 30cm, length 6 ~ 7 meters, between seedbed the aisle of reserved 50cm, first by steady and sure for leveling bottom seedbed, then the nutritious bag proper alignment installing Nutrition Soil is waited to broadcast to seedbed;
E, seed treatment;
Before sowing, spina date seed is put into 55 DEG C of warm water Keep agitation, soak seed 24 hours, then pull out and drain away the water after water temperature is down to room temperature, wrap vernalization at the temperature being placed on 28 ~ 30 DEG C with wet gauze, in pregermination procedure, every day is with clear water flushing 1 ~ 2 time;
F, sowing;
When in step e 30% wild jujube kind benevolence show money or valuables one carries unintentionally time sow, during sowing select fine day, broadcast front seedbed and water vola water, before water has oozed, strike off bed surface, water has oozed rear each nutritious bag dibbling 3 ~ 4, above covers 2 ~ 3cm Nutrition Soil, carries out heat and moisture preserving;
G, seedling management;
When wild jujube is emerged and reached 70%, reduce bed surface humidity, strengthen illumination; The timely thinning of Miao Qihou, each nutritious bag stays strain in strong sprout 1; Before emerging, day temperature remains on 25 ~ 28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is at 15 ~ 18 DEG C, and after emerging, day temperature is at 20 ~ 25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is at 12 ~ 15 DEG C; After 1st true leaf grows, day temperature remains on 23 ~ 26 DEG C, and after 6 ~ 7 true leaves grow, day temperature remains on 25 ~ 28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is at 12 ~ 15 DEG C; Seedling ensures sunny irradiation, topdresses 1 ~ 2 time when more than height of seedling 15cm, and during more than height of seedling 30cm, pinching is to promote nursery stock overstriking;
H, grafting;
At early and middle ten days in May, stump when wild jujube stock stem slightly reaches more than 0.5cm, adopts cleft graft jujube tree scion to be grafted on the tender stem of wild jujube stock, within before grafting 2 ~ 3 days, waters permeable to seedbed, to improve the water content of stock;
I, grafting management;
Do not carry out before rudiment after seedling grafting applying fertilizer, pouring water, do not collide scion and seedling, apply fertilizer after 20 ~ 30 days, pour water, every m
2urea 0.2 ~ 0.3kg, phosphonic acids diamines 0.1 ~ 0.2kg are spread fertilizer over the fields in seedbed, and watering permeable, applies fertilizer after 1 month more equally in interval, removes sprout tillers simultaneously; When grafting grows to more than 70cm, terminal bud pinching, suppresses Seedling height, inspires collateral generation;
J, diseases and pests controlling;
Jujube cecidomyiia, two spotted spider mite and jujube rust and anthracnose to be prevented and treated in time after grafting rudiment;
K, outplanting;
In mid or late October, cultivate seedling, carry out garden.
2. the tender stem grafting seedlings-growing method of the wild jujube stock of Greenhouse Jujube according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in season early winter in described steps A, select kind pure, grow vigorous, without jujube garden collection jujube tree one secondary branch of damage by disease and insect.
3. the tender stem grafting seedlings-growing method of the wild jujube stock of Greenhouse Jujube according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described jujube tree one secondary branch length, at more than 6cm, grows 0.5 ~ 1cm before bud.
4. the tender stem grafting seedlings-growing method of the wild jujube stock of Greenhouse Jujube according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described prevents the measure of jujube tree scion dehydration for cut sealing wax on the same day, be stored in preserve in 0 ~ 5 DEG C of environment stand-by.
5. the tender stem grafting seedlings-growing method of the wild jujube stock of Greenhouse Jujube according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described nutritious bag selects wide 25cm, the edible fungus culturing plastic barrel bag of long 30cm, bottom seal.
6. the tender stem grafting seedlings-growing method of the wild jujube stock of Greenhouse Jujube according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step C2, overlay film piles the vexed time is 5 ~ 7 days.
7. the tender stem grafting seedlings-growing method of the wild jujube stock of Greenhouse Jujube according to claim 1, is characterized in that: by bed surface covering with plastic film and buckle the shed large with seedbed etc. carry out heat and moisture preserving on seedbed in described step F; Open shed by day in described step G, carry out adding lustre to wet down, night covers shed, is incubated.
8. the tender stem grafting seedlings-growing method of the wild jujube stock of Greenhouse Jujube according to claim 1, is characterized in that: prevent and treat jujube cecidomyiia in step J and use 20% Imidacloprid to add 10% Biphenthrin, 1500 times of liquid or 5% emamectin benzoate pulvis, 1000 times of liquid.
9. the tender stem grafting seedlings-growing method of the wild jujube stock of Greenhouse Jujube according to claim 1, is characterized in that: prevent and treat two spotted spider mite 1% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 5000 times of liquid or 1% acetamiprid, 4000 times of liquid or 30% farm chemical for control of moth and mite in step J.
10. the tender stem grafting seedlings-growing method of the wild jujube stock of Greenhouse Jujube according to claim 1, is characterized in that: prevent and treat jujube rust in step J and use 25% Fluoxastrobin, 1500 times of liquid or 25% nitrile bacterium azoles, 5000 times of liquid; Prevent and treat anthracnose 70% thiophanate methyl or 50% carbendazim, 800 times of liquid or 75% tpn wetting powder, 600 times of liquid.
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| CN105961041A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-09-28 | 刘刚 | Method for grafting lemon branch onto navel orange tree as stock |
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| CN106550849A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-04-05 | 郝哲 | A kind of live garden building method of Zizyphus jujuba Mill heliogreenhouse |
| CN106937577A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-07-11 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of method of the live building well of Xinjiang South Sinkiang Gobi desert barren beach jujube |
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| CN109744039A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2019-05-14 | 泰安市泰山林业科学研究院 | A kind of anti-jujube witches broom jujube seeding cultivating method |
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