CN109744039B

CN109744039B - Jujube seedling cultivation method for resisting jujube witches broom

Info

Publication number: CN109744039B
Application number: CN201710783809.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵进红; 赵勇; 王玉山; 张倩
Original assignee: TAISHAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY
Current assignee: TAISHAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY
Priority date: 2017-08-24
Filing date: 2017-08-24
Publication date: 2021-10-08
Anticipated expiration: 2037-08-24
Also published as: CN109744039A

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of jujube seedlings for resisting jujube witches broom. According to the method, the strong wild jujube seedlings are bred as the stocks, the current-year-old jujube head branches with strong growth of healthy jujube trees are used as the scions, grafting is carried out in spring, head beating and pinching are carried out timely, the healthy and strong jujube seedlings are cultured, the prepared jujube witches are used for carrying out inoculation culture on the healthy jujube seedlings, the jujube seedlings with high resistance to jujube witches broom are obtained, and the incidence rate of the jujube witches broom is greatly reduced. The method ensures that the jujube seedlings obtain the resistance of the jujube witches broom, effectively controls the occurrence of the jujube witches broom and provides a feasible way for preventing and controlling the jujube witches broom.

Description

Jujube seedling cultivation method for resisting jujube witches broom

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of jujube seedling cultivation, and particularly relates to a jujube seedling cultivation method for resisting jujube witches broom.

Background

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba mill), a Rhamnaceae (Rhamnaceae) jujube (Ziziphus), is the first big dried fruit tree species in China in origin. As traditional woody grain and special economic forest tree species in China, the Chinese dates have written cultivation history for more than three thousand years. The jujube contains rich nutrient substances (amino acid, vitamin and mineral elements), is a first-class nourishing food, has high practical value in traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology, and is a superexcellent food with homology of medicine and food. At present, China has nearly 99% of the area and the yield of jujube trees all over the world and occupies 100% of the international trade market of jujube products all over the world, and China is the largest producing country of jujube and the only export country of jujube products in the world. The jujube is easy to plant and manage, has drought resistance, waterlogging, barren and saline-alkali resistance, is suitable for being planted in most regions in China, has low investment and high benefit, and is the first choice of the majority of fruit growers.

A jujube tree has a destructive disease, namely jujube witches broom, which is caused by phytoplasma, has extremely strong infectivity and serious harm and is generally known as the cancer of the jujube tree. The disease rate of main jujube producing areas in China is between 10% and 30%, the disease rate of serious areas reaches 70% to 80%, economic loss caused by the disease reaches billions of yuan per year, and a large area of large-area jujube orchard is destroyed due to the damage of jujube witches in a plurality of famous jujube producing areas, so that the industrial development is greatly impacted.

The prevention and treatment of jujube witches broom is a worldwide problem, and people have been trying to find effective prevention and treatment methods such as girdling, lopping, chemotherapy, prevention and treatment of disease-transmitting insects, breeding of disease-resistant varieties, virus-free seedlings and the like for many years. The control difficulty of the jujube witches broom is high, and the control means of cutting off the transmission path by eliminating the virus-transmitting insects is difficult to popularize and implement in production; secondly, after local infection of jujube plants, the jujube plants are quickly infected with virus all over the body and finally infected with virus, and by utilizing surgical treatment such as pruning diseased branches and the like and chemical treatment such as drug instillation and the like, the problems of continuous medication, symptom recurrence and the like exist; the use of detoxified seedlings also does not exclude the possibility of reinfection. Therefore, in order to fundamentally solve the problem of prevention and treatment of the jujube witches broom, the jujube witches broom must have high resistance to the jujube witches broom. The seedlings can obtain the resistance to the jujube witches broom by inoculating the materials for resisting the jujube witches broom, thereby avoiding the occurrence of the jujube witches broom. By cultivating the seedlings for resisting the jujube witches broom, the jujube witches broom is avoided from the source of the seedlings, which is the most economic and effective measure for preventing and controlling the jujube witches broom and is realistic and easy to succeed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to improve the resistance of the jujube seedlings to the jujube witches broom, and the seedlings with high resistance to the jujube witches broom are cultivated through a series of technical measures, so that the jujube witches broom is controlled and prevented from the source.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

(1) jujube seedling cultivation

a. Stock culture

Selecting strong wild jujube tree with 100m square circle²Collecting fully mature wild jujube, peeling, cleaning, airing, sand storage and stratification in winter, and sowing in 3-4 months in the next year. After seedling emergence, the seedlings are fixed according to the plant spacing of 15cm, and strong seedlings are selected and retained for culture. The wild jujube seedlings grow to more than 50cm in the current year, the thickness (ground diameter) of the seedlings is 0.5cm, and the wild jujube seedlings can be grafted in the 2 nd year.

b. Preparation of scions

Before jujube tree sprouts in spring, a strong mother tree is selected, short and strong development branches among nodes in the current year are collected to be used as scions, the scions are cut into branch sections with one bud and one ear, wax sealing is carried out, and the branch sections are stored at low temperature of 4 ℃ for later use.

c. Grafting and seedling stage management

In the middle ten days of spring 4 months to the last ten days of spring 5 months, the double-tongue grafting or the bark grafting is adopted. The wild jujube stock, the scion and the grafting tool are required to have no pathogen of the jujube witches broom phytoplasma. After grafting survival, when the seedlings grow to about 1.0m, heading and pinching are carried out, fertilizer and water management is enhanced in the seedling stage, and robust jujube seedlings are cultured.

(2) Jujube seedling selection

Selecting healthy grafted jujube seedlings, wherein the grafted jujube seedlings have no jujube witches broom and other insect pests, no mechanical injury and strong growth, the thickness of the seedlings is more than or equal to 1.0cm, and the height of the seedlings is more than or equal to 1.5 m.

(3) Preparation of the inoculum Material

And (3) collecting annual wild jujube branches showing typical arbuscular symptoms in 6-7 months, peeling, cutting into a plurality of blocks of 1.0cm multiplied by 1.0cm, and treating diseased skins with jujube witches broom pathogens to be used as an inoculation material for inoculation. The material is adopted for use.

(4) Inoculation of jujube seedlings

a. Inoculation time: the inoculation is generally 6 months to 7 months.

b. The inoculation method comprises the following steps: selecting a part with smooth surface at the base of a healthy grafted jujube seedling, cutting square openings with different sizes of 1.0cm multiplied by 1.0cm according to the thickness of the seedling and the thickness of the seedling, wherein the square openings are 1.0 cm-1.5 cm thick, and cutting one square opening at the base of the healthy grafted jujube seedling; the dry thickness is 1.5 cm-2.5 cm, 2 square openings are cut, the 2 square openings are opposite, and the vertical stagger is 3.0 cm; the thickness of the dried powder is more than 2.5cm, 3 square openings are cut and evenly distributed on the periphery of the dried powder, and the upper part and the lower part of the dried powder are staggered by 3.0 cm; the dry thickness is less than 1.0cm, which is not suitable for inoculation. Peeling off the skin at the incision, placing the prepared inoculation material with the same size as the incision into the incision, covering the peeled original skin, and tightly binding with grafting cloth.

(5) Jujube seedling outplanting

In the spring of the second year after inoculation, the grafting cloth is untied after the cut is completely healed. The jujube witches broom resistant nursery stock is cultivated, and can be outplanted, transplanted, field-planted and built into a garden.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) obtaining a jujube witches broom inoculation material, collecting annual wild jujube branches showing typical arbuscular symptoms, peeling diseased skins, and taking the inoculation material for use.

(2) The inoculation of the jujube witches broom vaccine, the inoculation time, the inoculation method and the inoculation amount are very key for obtaining the jujube witches broom resistant immunity of the seedlings. The time is selected from 6 months to 7 months, and the date seedlings grow vigorously in the time, which is the optimal period for inoculation. The inoculation amount must be appropriate, and the required inoculation amount is determined according to the thickness of the seedlings. The thickness of the jujube seedling is 1.0 cm-1.5 cm, and the inoculation area is 1.0cm multiplied by 1.0 cm; the dry thickness is 1.5 cm-2.5 cm, and the inoculation area is 1cm multiplied by 2; dry thickness is more than 2.5cm, and inoculation area is 1.0cm multiplied by 3; the jujube seedlings with the dry thickness of less than 1.0cm are not suitable for inoculation.

(3) The vaccinated jujube seedlings have immunity to jujube witches broom, the probability of suffering from jujube witches broom is obviously reduced, and the occurrence of jujube witches broom is controlled and prevented from the source.

Detailed Description

Example 1:

in 2010-2012, in the Yangzhou Sanhuacun of the Taian Feicheng apparatus, the cultivated robust wild jujube seedlings are used as the rootstocks, and the Yuanling jujube and the long jujube are grafted by adopting a double-tongue grafting and bark-inserting grafting method in the last 4 months of spring. And in the next 6 months, 50 annual grafted seedlings of robust round-bell jujubes and long red jujubes are selected. On a severely ill wild jujube tree, selecting jujube witches broom branches with upper and lower branches germinating respectively, taking the upper diseased bark, cutting into a plurality of blocks of 1.0cm multiplied by 1.0cm, and taking the blocks as an inoculation material for use at any time. Selecting a part with a smooth surface at the base of a healthy grafted jujube seedling, wherein the distance from the base to the ground is about 5cm, cutting square openings with different numbers of 1.0cm multiplied by 1.0cm according to the thickness of the seedling, and cutting one square opening when the thickness of the seedling is 1.0 cm-1.5 cm; the dry thickness is 1.5-2.5 cm, 2 square openings are cut, the positions of the square openings are opposite, and the square openings are staggered by 3cm from top to bottom; the thickness of the dried powder is more than 2.5cm, 3 square openings are cut and evenly distributed on the periphery of the dried powder, and the upper part and the lower part of the dried powder are staggered by 3.0 cm; the dry thickness is less than 1.0cm, which is not suitable for inoculation. And (3) uncovering the skin at the incision, putting the prepared vaccine material with the same size as the incision into the incision, covering the uncovered original skin on the incision, and tightly binding the original skin with grafting cloth. 50 each annual grafted seedlings of the strong-growing fructus Choerospondiatis and the long red dates are selected as a control, and the control plants are not treated.

In the spring of the second year after inoculation, the grafting cloth is untied after the connector is completely healed.

Four years after grafting, the incidence of jujube witches broom of the inoculated seedlings is investigated, and the incidence is 0. The incidence rate of the jujube witches broom of the control strain which is not inoculated with the vaccine is 52.0 percent, and the incidence rate of the jujube witches broom of the long jujube witches broom is 30.0 percent.

Claims

1. A cultivation method of jujube seedlings for resisting jujube witches broom comprises the following steps:

(1) jujube seedling culture

Firstly, stock of wild jujube seedling is cultured, wild jujube seeds for seeding and seedling are required to be sown, and the square and round of collection area is 100m²No jujube witches broom disease plant; then, jujube grafted seedlings are cultured, and shorter and sturdy developing branches among current-year-growing segments of healthy mother trees are collected to serve as scions; performing double-tongue grafting or bark grafting in the middle ten days to the last ten days of 4 months in spring, performing topping and pinching treatment when the grafted seedlings grow to 1.0m, and culturing robust jujube seedlings;

the scion variety is as follows: fructus Choerospondiatis and fructus Jujubae;

(2) jujube seedling selection

Selecting healthy grafted jujube seedlings, wherein the grafted jujube seedlings have no jujube witches broom and other insect and disease damages, no mechanical injury and strong growth, the thickness of the seedlings is more than or equal to 1.0cm, and the height of the seedlings is more than or equal to 1.5 m;

(3) preparation of the inoculum Material

Collecting typical current-year-old wild jujube branches with jujube witches broom symptoms in 6-7 months, peeling off the branches, cutting the branches into a plurality of blocks of 1.0cm multiplied by 1.0cm, treating the cut diseased skin with jujube witches broom pathogens to be used as an inoculation material, and using the material as the current use;

(4) inoculation of jujube seedlings

Inoculating for 6-7 months; selecting a part with smooth surface at the base of a healthy grafted jujube seedling, cutting a square opening with the size of 1.0cm multiplied by 1.0cm according to the thickness of the seedling, wherein the thickness of the dried seedling is larger than 1.0cm and smaller than 1.5cm, and cutting one square opening; cutting 2 square openings which are larger than or equal to 1.5cm and smaller than 2.5cm, wherein the 2 square openings are opposite and staggered by 3.0cm from top to bottom; the thickness of the dried powder is more than 2.5cm, 3 square openings are cut and evenly distributed on the periphery of the dried powder, and the upper part and the lower part of the dried powder are staggered by 3.0 cm; the dry thickness is below 1.0cm without inoculation; peeling off the outer skin at the cut, putting the prepared inoculation material with the same size as the cut into the cut, covering the peeled original skin on the cut, and tightly binding the cut with grafting cloth;

(5) jujube seedling outplanting

In spring of the second year after inoculation, after the cut is completely healed, the grafting cloth is untied; finishing the cultivation of jujube seedlings for resisting jujube witches broom, outplanting, transplanting, field planting and building a garden;

the inoculation amount of the jujube witches broom resistant material inoculated in the step (4) is determined according to the thickness of the nursery stock;

the cultured strong wild jujube seedlings are used as rootstocks.