CN101185396B - Gastrodia tuber imitative wild sexual reproduction breeding technique - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an imitative wild sexual reproduction and breeding technique of gastrodia tuber. Main steps comprises that breeding is carried out to get mature gastrodia tuber seeds and good sprouting strain, mature class III shoestring fungus is adopted as production seed, which is planted under a natural hillside forest that is with over 80 percent of shade density and in which wild gastrodia tuber grows and is distributed; artificial mixed germination strain is adopted; room temperature is controlled so as to produce germination strain with seed; sexual reproduction, breeding and planting time is selected between June and August; the breeding technique is also suitable for field breeding. The invention has the advantages that: 1. bad factors resistance property of sexual reproduction and breeding of gastrodia tuber is improved. 2. Gastrodia tuber seeds are germinated to lead the growth cycle of protocorms to be a time slice that is basically matched with an animated period of the shoestring fungus; inoculation rate and survival rate of the protocorms are increased. 3. Raw materials are obtained locally, thus reducing cost; sustainable development of non-pollution gastrodia tuber planting industry is promoted in ecological agriculture forests. 4. The small site breeding method enhances competitor infection resistance of the gastrodia tuber seed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breed technology of Chinese medicinal plant, particularly the rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual reproduction breeding technique.
Background technology
The Gastrodia the orchid family, perennial symbiosis draft.Ripe plant corpus tuberosity and scape do not have root and leaf.The stem tuber meat, faint yellow, long avette or Long Circle, long 7～15 centimetres, uniform link is arranged, there is membranous scale leaf at the joint place.Scape is upright, and is high 1～1.7 meter, and give birth on the raceme top, spends greenish orange redness or yellow green.Capsule Long Circle or obovate.6～July of florescence, really 7～August of phase.Be born in the woods crack or the woods limit of 400～3200 meters of height above sea level.Mainly be distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Henan, Gansu, Jilin, Taiwan and Tibet.Also there is distribution India, Bhutan, Nepal, Korea, Japan and Soviet Union the Far East Area.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae is historical in existing bimillennial uses of China, classifies as top gradely in the successive dynasties book on Chinese herbal medicine, and its record sees Shennong's Herbal the earliest.Stem tuber mainly contains compositions such as Gastrodin.The property flat, flavor is sweet, breath wind is arranged, ends the function of convulsion.Cure mainly dizzy, headache, spasm of limbs, numbness, neurasthenia, insomnia, rheumatalgia pain, child convulsion etc.In short supply because of the medicine source, adopted the method production of cultivation in recent years.Rhizoma Gastrodiae is finished a generation under field conditions (factors) need last 3 years the history of life, must pass through the growth course of primary bulb, nascent bulb and secondary bulb therebetween, just can yield positive results.The halimasch that all kinds of bulbs must rely on digestion to contaminate its cortex in its process of growth could survive, and secondly is to rely on epidermis to absorb moisture and mineral salt from surrounding soil.Armillaria Basidiomycetes, Agaricales, white mushroom section, it is the mushroom that a kind of wide area distributes, and mainly seeks saprogenesis.The primary bulb of immature rhizoma Gastrodiae must be set up nutrition relationship with halimasch in time and could give birth to.During cultivation such as untimelyly connect bacterium, the primary bulb of rhizoma Gastrodiae will exhaust dead rapidly because of polysaccharide and the protein of storing in the cell.Therefore inoculation early is the key of rhizoma Gastrodiae high yield.
In traditional artificial gastrodin cultivation, the sexual reproduction breeding of rhizoma Gastrodiae all adopts to concentrate in land for growing field crops or booth and cultivates.Traditional breeding method is nothing more than dual mode is arranged: fixedly bacterium bed and mobile bacterium bed, but their cultivation process is similar substantially, having only different is that the former holds the cave earlier successfully, cultivates armillaria mellea material, the bacterium material during breeding in the not mobile cave in the cave.The latter concentrate to cultivate armillaria mellea kind material, opens behind the cave armillaria mellea kind material moved on in the cave and puts, and tamps with wooden leaf.Though they have difference, their operating process are basic identical.
There are many weak points in traditional breeding way: 1, bad adaptability, a little less than the opposing natural calamity ability, as arid and waterlogging; 2, be subject to microbial contamination and insect pest infringement, cause a large amount of underproduction; 3, because the tiny no endosperm of seeds of Gastrodia elata, vitality extremely a little less than, and after above fixedly seeds of Gastrodia elata is sprinkling upon in the bacterium bed, seeds of Gastrodia elata is not sprouted into the ball stem, the shoestring of armillaria mellea can consume certain nutrient after touching the Germination Strain leaf of seeds of Gastrodia elata, has suppressed the sprouting of seeds of Gastrodia elata; 4, the mobile bacterium bed armillaria mellea growing way of cultivating is prosperous, but the degree that the back halimasch of sowing is damaged is low, recovers very fast, and this halimasch new Growth and Differentiation point within 25 days many in stage, weaken gradually later in 25 days.And seeds of Gastrodia elata needed about 30-45 days could sprout into the ball stem under the effect of Germination Strain, and the armillaria mellea growing point of this moment has grown up to shoestring, has only the small part growing point, and most of ball stem does not receive the growing point of armillaria mellea and runs its course.
Also there are some patent applications to occur in this field, application number is 99115930.6 and is called the method for a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual reproduction breeding of " a kind of method of rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual reproduction breeding " this disclosure of the Invention, it comprises in the ball stem bottle sprouts and two steps of artificial inoculation,, sprout in the A, bottle: adopt the capsule of xenogamy to obtain seeds of Gastrodia elata, selecting bacterium branch Germination Strain (or leaf Germination Strain) for use is bacterial classification, bacterial classification is broadcast in the container of having sterilized, broadcast seeds of Gastrodia elata in the Germination Strain bacterial classification and evenly stirring with it, make it to become the bacterial classification that is mixed with seeds of Gastrodia elata; B, artificial inoculation: get armillaria mellea bacterium rod (or bacterium branch), pry open the bark of bacterium rod, put into the ball stem that above-mentioned jar is sprouted, allow bark clamp the ball stem, or the ball stem is positioned over bacterium branch two has on the inclined-plane of mycelia or shoestring at opening part; The bacterium rod that has the ball stem put into the rhizoma Gastrodiae nest is set, on bacterium rod (or bacterium branch), press covering then.It is introduced that it has solved effectively that the sexual seed germination rate that exists in the traditional cultivation rhizoma Gastrodiae process is low, the ball bacterium extremely difficulty connect bacterium, be difficult to problems such as long-term large-scale production; the survival rate of ball stem reaches more than 95%; the ball bacterium can effectively be combined with armillaria mellea; resulting rhizoma Gastrodiae generation kind has that vitality is strong, strong stress resistance, characteristics that mitogenetic power is strong; improve from generation to generation vegetative rhizoma Gastrodiae kind of having degenerated, greatly improved economic benefit.This method in practice, after deliberation, actual effect is undesirable, simultaneously, the quality of the rhizoma Gastrodiae that obtains of plantation compare with Wild gastrodia to differ from many.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to seek a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual reproduction technique; satisfy the production requirement of scale; solve the problem of the quality of artificial rhizoma Gastrodiae simultaneously than Wild gastrodia difference; make tame rhizoma Gastrodiae consistent with Wild gastrodia in quality; owing to allowing of the growth of artificial rhizoma Gastrodiae kind in the wild nature in forest land; shorten growth time simultaneously, the applicant has reached this purpose by repeatedly practising and studying.
The imitative wild sexual reproduction breeding technique of rhizoma Gastrodiae of the present invention is to finish by following technical scheme:
One, seed selection, the above face shaping of selection 100 grams is good, no damage by disease and insect, not damaged does not have the spot of rotting, and does not have lopsided arrow fiber crops and is kind of fiber crops, is planting after ripe seeds of Gastrodia elata is cultivated in artificial pollination.Secondly, select the Germination Strain that strain growth is better, germination rate is high for use, the strain excellent of selecting through cultivation.Once more, three grades of armillaria mellea selecting for use the armillaria mellea fruit body to separate the maturation that obtains are planted for producing.
Two, addressing.Under the natural environment that the Wild gastrodia growth distribution is arranged, the forest shade density is more than 80%, and the gradient is that the cave is opened in the following hillside sylvan life of 65 degree, every about open a cave, the big 1 * 0.5m in cave is 0.2m deeply, according to landform, suits measures to local conditions.
Three, artificial mix Germination Strain, 0.5kg Germination Strain bag is torn bulk storage in the bulk container of sterilizing, 8 of the ripe rhizoma Gastrodiae capsules that artificial pollination is obtained evenly are sprinkled upon on the Germination Strain leaf and mix, pack into then in the aseptic plastic bag, leave in ventilation, drying, the aseptic darkroom, the bacterium bag is not overlapping, and room temperature is controlled at 20～25 ℃ and sprouted 72 hours, recover the growing way of Germination Strain, stand-by.
Four, cultivation process.With the cave bed mud soil scarifying of holding successfully, layer overlay fallen leaves detritus soil, thick 2～3cm.Select diameter 3～5cm for use, be about the branch of 40cm, cut two row's fish scale mouths, 3～5cm at interval, with timber is smooth be placed in the cave at the bottom of, at the bottom of the cave, be paved with, 1/2nd places of putting timber are tamped in the timber gap with fresh thin detritus soil.Break up with armillaria mellea production kind and to be placed on timber wound place equably, each square is with armillaria mellea production kind 1.5-2kg.Above the seeds of Gastrodia elata of mix Germination Strain evenly is sprinkling upon, cover the thick detritus soil of 10cm, last lid layer arrow bamboo or weeds.
A kind of imitative wild sexual reproduction breeding technique of rhizoma Gastrodiae, the selection of time of gastrodia tuber imitative wild sexual reproduction breeding cultivation: utilize the suit growth of armillaria mellea of ground temperature and extraneous temp. and humidity between June to August, halimasch grew into animated period about 40 days, the halimasch growing point is many in this period, growing way good, and gastrodia seed germination becomes the ball stem is about 30-45 days, easily combine, both effluxion adjustment of breed cultivation were chosen between June to August with halimasch.
The beneficial effect of enforcement of the present invention, this sexual raising technology are exactly to utilize armillaria mellea growth animated period to become the growth cycle of ball stem roughly the same with gastrodia seed germination, and that has improved seeds of Gastrodia elata connects bacterium rate, survival rate.These all are by observation in the practice for many years, record, experiment, sum up, the efficient ways of exploring, and this breeding technique also is applicable to the land for growing field crops breeding, it has the following advantages: the anti-pessimum that 1, has improved the rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual reproduction breeding.2, utilize gastrodia seed germination to become the growth cycle and the time period that armillaria mellea growth animated period conforms to substantially of ball stem, improve the ball stem and connect bacterium rate, survival rate.3, gather materials on the spot, reduce cost, promote the sustainable development of the nuisanceless rhizoma Gastrodiae plant husbandry of sylvan life in the ecological agriculture.4, this vesicle breeding method has strengthened the anti-assorted bacterium of numb kind and has infected ability.
Embodiment
Embodiment: 1
One, the selection of arrow fiber crops, plant numb cultivation, artificial pollination, seed collection and mix Germination Strain,
1, the selection of arrow fiber crops
In rhizoma Gastrodiae picking time, select the arrow fiber crops of local original seed (comprising black bar rhizoma Gastrodiae, green bar rhizoma Gastrodiae, red bar rhizoma Gastrodiae, yellow bar rhizoma Gastrodiae) to do kind of fiber crops, requirement be ontogeny fully, healthy and strong, terminal bud is full, the harmless rhizoma Gastrodiae of sick and wounded, single weight more than 100g.
2, plant the fiber crops cultivation
Method one: in booth, play furrow, the wide 50cm of furrow, thick about 10cm fresh earth or thin river sand are filled out in the bottom shop, leveling, in furrow, the parrot mouth is upwards outwards placed with the numb cultivation of the kind of collecting, and covering fresh earth or thin river sand 15cm water sufficient water.
Or employing method two: the flowerpot of placement diameter 30cm in booth, thick about 10cm fresh earth or thin river sand are filled out in the shop at the bottom of the basin, and the kind fiber crops of collecting are cultivated in flowerpot, plant fiber crops and be radial horizontal, the parrot mouth upwards and apart from flowerpot limit 1-2cm, covering fresh earth or thin river sand 15cm water sufficient water.
Being unearthed scape, light transmittance is controlled in 30% temperature of shed 15-20 ℃, humidity 60-70%, soil moisture about 70% during the pregnant flower bud; The phase light transmittance of yielding positive results is controlled at 60-70%, temperature of shed 20-25 ℃, humidity 50-60%, soil moisture about 60%.
3, artificial pollination
After rhizoma Gastrodiae is bloomed,, anther cap is covered jack-up slightly, illustrate that pollinium is ripe if see the soft expansion of pollinium.Should between this intraday 10:00-14:00, be pollinated.Gently catch colored base portion with left hand thumb and forefinger during pollination, the right hand is pushed anther cap aside gently with pincet or thin bamboo let, picks pollinium, and dislocation should adopt xenogamy as far as possible on the column cap of color or other flowers.
4, seed collection and mix Germination Strain
After pollinating about 20 days, before fruit does not ftracture, as see the crest line projection, pinch the sensation deliquescing with have gentle hands, can gather, ripening fruits is adopted down, remaining allows its continued growth, and picking methods answers maturation promptly to adopt in batches.
Mix and stir Germination Strain after gathering immediately.Concrete operations: with 8 of fruits, cut open, seed is trembled in the small beaker, muffle rim of a cup with crocus cloth with tweezers; Get three grades of kinds of 0.5kg Germination Strain 1 bag, the basin of putting into after the sterilization tears diffusing; Small beaker is inverted, wherein seeds of Gastrodia elata evenly is sprinkled in the Germination Strain, the plastic sack of packing into behind the mixing is put into and is cultivated the room and cultivated 72 hours, cultivates the room temperature and is controlled at 20-25 ℃, and humidity 70-80% covers light, keeps ventilating, clean, stand-by.
Two, cultivate and gather
1, addressing and cultivation, selecting to have originally Wild gastrodia growth, forest shade density is that forest land more than 80% is as milpa.Make use of momentum near the mountain at milpa and to dig a cave every about 2 meters, the big 1 * 0.5m in cave, dark 0.2m is in the thick fallen leaves of the bottom tiling about 5cm of one deck, compacting; With diameter 3～5cm, be about the branch of 40cm, cut two row's fish scale mouths, 3～5cm at interval, with timber is smooth be placed in the cave at the bottom of, be paved with at the bottom of the cave, 1/2nd places of putting timber are tamped with fresh thin detritus soil in the timber gap, cultured band kind Germination Strain 2 bags are broken up be placed on timber wound place equably, spread thick fallen leaves in one deck 5cm left and right sides and thin branch then, tamp, do not interspace, cover 8cm to 12cm with detritus soil more above, water irrigates, and covers with arrow bamboo or weeds at last.
The management of milpa notices that mainly mole cricket, grub, scale insect and assorted bacterium the control of damage by disease and insect such as infect, and the replenishing of soil moisture during the longer-term arid.
2, fiber crops are planted and gather
Sow November in next year, begin results, ground temperature can not be lower than 0 ℃ when gathering, and temperature is between 3-15 ℃.Remove top layer, numb cave deadwood foreign material and earth with hoe, receive fiber crops with hand getting and plant.The fiber crops kind of gathering is collected respectively with bamboo basket, bamboo basket bottom shop thick fine earth of 2cm or detritus soil, and packing into, it is numb injury-free to sprinkle about 2cm fine earth or detritus soil protection hemp and rice after fiber crops are planted about 15cm again.
Claims (2)
1. the imitative wild sexual reproduction breeding method of a rhizoma Gastrodiae is characterized in that finishing by following step:
(1), seed selection, select good, the no damage by disease and insect of the 100 above face shapings of gram, not damaged, the arrow fiber crops that do not have the spot that rots, do not have a deformity are kind of fiber crops, in plantation after the seeds of Gastrodia elata of maturation is cultivated in artificial pollination; Secondly, select the Germination Strain that strain growth is good, germination rate is high for use, the strain excellent of selecting through cultivation; Once more, three grades of armillaria mellea selecting for use the armillaria mellea fruit body to separate the maturation that obtains are planted for producing;
(2), addressing, selecting has under the natural environment of Wild gastrodia growth distribution, the forest shade density is more than 80%, the gradient is that the cave is opened in the following hillside sylvan life of 65 degree, opens a cave, the big 1 * 0.5m in cave, dark 0.2m every 2 meters;
(3), artificial mix Germination Strain, with 8 of fruits, cut open with tweezers, seed is trembled in the small beaker, muffle rim of a cup with crocus cloth; Get three grades of kinds of 0.5kg Germination Strain 1 bag, the basin of putting into after the sterilization tears diffusing; Small beaker is inverted, wherein seeds of Gastrodia elata evenly is sprinkled in the Germination Strain, the plastic sack of packing into behind the mixing is put into and is cultivated the room and cultivated 72 hours, cultivates the room temperature and is controlled at 20-25 ℃, and air humidity 70-80% covers light, keeps ventilating, clean stand-by;
(4), cultivation process; The cave bed mud soil scarifying that excavation is good, layer overlay fallen leaves detritus soil, thick 2～3cm, select diameter 3～5cm for use, the branch of long 40cm, cut two row's fish scale mouths, the fish scale mouth is 3～5cm at interval, with timber is smooth be placed in the cave at the bottom of, be paved with at the bottom of the cave, 1/2nd places of putting timber are tamped with fresh thin detritus soil in the timber gap, break up with armillaria mellea production kind and are placed on timber wound place equably, each square metre is with armillaria mellea production kind 1.5～2kg, the seeds of Gastrodia elata of mix Germination Strain evenly is sprinkling upon the wound place of the timber that is placed with three grades of armillaria mellea production kinds, covers the thick detritus soil of 10cm, last lid layer arrow bamboo or weeds.
2. the imitative wild sexual reproduction breeding method of a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae according to claim 1, the selection of time that it is characterized in that gastrodia tuber imitative wild sexual reproduction breeding cultivation: utilize the suit growth of armillaria mellea of ground temperature and extraneous temp. and humidity between June to August, halimasch grew into animated period at 40 days, the halimasch growing point is many in this period, growing way good, and gastrodia seed germination becomes the ball stem is 30-45 days, combine with halimasch easily, both effluxion adjustment of breed cultivation were chosen between June to August.
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