CN104663219B - A kind of gastrodia tuber imitative wild cultural method - Google Patents

A kind of gastrodia tuber imitative wild cultural method Download PDF

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CN104663219B
CN104663219B CN201510101621.3A CN201510101621A CN104663219B CN 104663219 B CN104663219 B CN 104663219B CN 201510101621 A CN201510101621 A CN 201510101621A CN 104663219 B CN104663219 B CN 104663219B
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bacterium
rhizoma gastrodiae
leaf
plant hole
soil
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CN104663219A (en
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曹安江
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Zhaotong City Forestry Scientific Research Institute
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Zhaotong City Forestry Scientific Research Institute
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of gastrodia tuber imitative wild cultural method, based on rhizoma Gastrodiae in whole growth course, all it is to be grown under light protected environment, only need suitable humiture, rhizoma Gastrodiae growth simultaneously is not required to absorb nutrient from soil, soil is only used as the principle of the matrix for fixing bacterium material, the present invention uses mixing leaf humous to replace soil as matrix, rhizoma Gastrodiae fiber crops are planted in kind of plant hole, soil covering is replaced using leaf humous is mixed, the imitative wild growing environment of suitable rhizoma Gastrodiae growth is built for rhizoma Gastrodiae to greatest extent, hoe excavation need not be reused during harvesting, eliminate damage of the rhizoma Gastrodiae harvesting to rhizoma Gastrodiae, reduce labour intensity, and improve the yield and quality of rhizoma Gastrodiae.

Description

A kind of gastrodia tuber imitative wild cultural method
Technical field
The invention belongs to rhizoma Gastrodiae planting technology field, and in particular to do not damage rhizoma Gastrodiae, output Output of Gastrodia elata during one kind harvesting High, the gastrodia tuber imitative wild cultural method of Functionality, quality and appealing design.
Background technology
Rhizoma Gastrodiae, is orchid family Gastrodia herbaceos perennial also known as rhizoma gastrodiae, and root-like stock is plump, and without greenery, capsule falls ovate Ellipse, often with stem tuber or seminal propagation, its rhizome be used as medicine to treat have a dizzy spell, the disease such as extremity numbness, child convulsion, be Rare Chinese medicine.
Because the medical value of rhizoma Gastrodiae is high, market demand greatly, therefore the rhizoma Gastrodiae state that is constantly in that supply falls short of demand.From Nineteen seventies, just there are many researchs to rhizoma Gastrodiae Propogation and culture technology, yet with rhizoma Gastrodiae Cultivating techniques It is immature, hinder the development of rhizoma Gastrodiae planting industry.
The growth of rhizoma Gastrodiae is to give nutrition by the supply of close ring bacterium, it is not necessary to nutrient is absorbed from soil, and soil only plays matrix and consolidates Fixed effect.Existing implantation methods are generally the plot excavation kind plant hole for selecting slope aspect to be tailo, half tailo, half Schattenseite, Three row's fish scales mouthful are cut on bacterium material, 3 ~ 5cm of fish scale mouthful interval, the bacterium material interval that will cut fish scale mouthful is fixed in kind of plant hole, in bacterium Close ring bacterium production kind is uniformly placed at each wound of material, the soil that thickness is 8 ~ 10cm is then covered by, to winter bacterium then Material connects close ring bacterium, and the soil that will be covered on bacterium material digs, and is positioned on bacterium material fiber crops are planted, then covers thickness for 10 ~ 12cm Soil, grow up to autumn next year arrow fiber crops.However, using above-mentioned implantation methods because blinding is thick, the soil temperature of rhizoma Gastrodiae grown layer Degree be cannot get up, and rhizoma Gastrodiae is perishable, cause Output of Gastrodia elata low, and numb shape is poor, and the labour cost of planting rhizoma gastrodiae and collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia is higher, special Being cut the earth when being not collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia, it is serious to cause rhizoma Gastrodiae to damage, while the destruction again to surface vegetation can be caused.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide rhizoma Gastrodiae is not damaged during one kind harvesting, output Output of Gastrodia elata is high, Functionality, quality and appealing design rhizoma Gastrodiae Pseudo-wild cultivating method.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, including addressing, seed selection and cultivation, concretely comprises the following steps:
A, addressing:Selection loosing soil, ventilative, water penetration are good, without moss growth, ground forest shade density be 60% with Under plot open cave, excavate a kind plant hole every 25cm, plant the inside dimension of plant hole for 100cm long, 60cm wide, deep 12 ~ 15cm;
B, seed selection:Selection carries out single generation kind that artificial pollination cultivates with Wild gastrodia as kind of a fiber crops;Select close ring bacterium The isolated ripe close ring bacterium of three-level of fructification is the production kind of close ring bacterium;
C, cultivation:Annual July, between October, is 2 ~ 3cm mixing humics in the uniform laying depth in cave bottom of kind of plant hole The leaf of soil;From the bacterium material of 60cm long, three row's fish scales mouthful are cut on bacterium material, 3 ~ 5cm of fish scale mouthful interval will cut fish scale mouthful Bacterium material interval is fixed in kind of plant hole, and close ring bacterium production kind is uniformly placed at each wound of bacterium material, covers a layer thickness For 2 ~ 3cm mixes leaf humous;To winter then, when the bacterium material in kind plant hole connects close ring bacterium, covering in plant hole will be planted Dug in the mixing leaf humous on bacterium material, then kind of fiber crops are uniformly positioned at bacterium material position, wherein per root fungus Material puts 5 ~ 7 kind fiber crops, and 3 ~ 5cm branches long are placed between kind of fiber crops, then is covered in leaf humous is mixed on bacterium material, and covers Lid thickness is 2 ~ 3cm, is grown up to autumn next year arrow fiber crops.
Based on rhizoma Gastrodiae in whole growth course, grown under light protected environment, only need suitable humiture, while Rhizoma Gastrodiae growth is not required to absorb nutrient from soil, and soil is only used as the principle of the matrix for fixing bacterium material, and the present invention is rotten using mixing The leaf for growing soil replaces soil as matrix, and rhizoma Gastrodiae fiber crops are planted in kind of plant hole, is replaced using leaf humous is mixed Soil is covered, and builds the imitative wild growing environment of suitable rhizoma Gastrodiae growth for rhizoma Gastrodiae to greatest extent, need not be reused during harvesting Hoe is excavated, and eliminates damage of the rhizoma Gastrodiae harvesting to rhizoma Gastrodiae, reduces labour intensity, and improve the yield and quality of rhizoma Gastrodiae.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but the present invention is any limitation as never in any form, Based on present invention teach that any change or improvement made, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
The gastrodia tuber imitative wild cultural method that the present invention is provided includes addressing, seed selection and cultivates, concretely comprises the following steps:
A, addressing:Selection loosing soil, ventilative, water penetration are good, without moss growth, ground forest shade density be 60% with Under plot open cave, excavate a kind plant hole every 25cm, plant the inside dimension of plant hole for 100cm long, 60cm wide, deep 12 ~ 15cm;
B, seed selection:Selection carries out single generation kind that artificial pollination cultivates with Wild gastrodia as kind of a fiber crops;Select close ring bacterium The isolated ripe close ring bacterium of three-level of fructification is the production kind of close ring bacterium;
C, cultivation:Annual July, between October, is 2 ~ 3cm mixing humics in the uniform laying depth in cave bottom of kind of plant hole The leaf of soil;From the bacterium material of 60cm long, three row's fish scales mouthful are cut on bacterium material, 3 ~ 5cm of fish scale mouthful interval will cut fish scale mouthful Bacterium material interval is fixed in kind of plant hole, and close ring bacterium production kind is uniformly placed at each wound of bacterium material, covers a layer thickness For 2 ~ 3cm mixes leaf humous;To winter then, when the bacterium material in kind plant hole connects close ring bacterium, covering in plant hole will be planted Dug in the mixing leaf humous on bacterium material, then kind of fiber crops are uniformly positioned at bacterium material position, wherein per root fungus Material puts 5 ~ 7 kind fiber crops, and 3 ~ 5cm branches long are placed between kind of fiber crops, then is covered in leaf humous is mixed on bacterium material, and covers Lid thickness is 2 ~ 3cm, is grown up to autumn next year arrow fiber crops.
Spacing distance between the every root fungus material being fixed in kind of plant hole is 1 ~ 2cm.
Mixing leaf humous sprayed water after being mixed thoroughly for fertile soil and broad leaf tree leaf it is moist, wherein fertile soil with it is wealthy The volume ratio of leaf tree leaf is 1:1.
The soil texture in the plot for excavation kind plant hole is the neutrality developed into by basalt, sandstone, sand shale Yellow earth or purple soil.
The plot for excavating kind of plant hole is tailo, half tailo or half Schattenseite.
The air humidity for excavating the plot of kind of plant hole is 60% ~ 85%.
Embodiment 1
In rhizoma Gastrodiae generation kind picking time, selection is without the injured, spot that do not rot, without pest and disease damage, weight more than 3 grams Hoary hair fiber crops are numb as planting;In July between October, selection loosing soil, ventilative, water penetration are good, and the soil texture is by the Black Warrior The neutral yellow earth that rock, sandstone, sand shale are developed into, thereon without moss growth, ground forest shade density is less than 60% tailo ground Block opens cave, and a kind plant hole is excavated every 25cm, and it is 100cm long, 60cm wide, deep 12 ~ 15cm to plant the inside dimension of plant hole;Planting The uniform laying depth in cave bottom of plant hole is that 2cm mixes leaf humous;From the bacterium material of 60cm long, three row fishes are cut on bacterium material Squama mouthful, 3 ~ 5cm of fish scale mouthful interval, the bacterium material interval that will cut fish scale mouthful is fixed in kind of plant hole, and each fixes 4 in planting plant hole Bacterium material, is 1cm per the spacing distance between root fungus material, and close ring bacterium production kind is uniformly placed at each wound of bacterium material, is covered Lid a layer thickness is that 3cm mixes leaf humous;To winter then, when the bacterium material in kind plant hole connects close ring bacterium, will plant The mixing leaf humous being covered in cave on bacterium material is dug, and then kind of fiber crops are uniformly positioned at bacterium material position, its In put 5 ~ 7 kind fiber crops per root fungus material, 3 ~ 5cm branches long are placed between kind of fiber crops, then be covered in leaf humous is mixed On bacterium material, cladding thickness is 3cm, is grown up to autumn next year arrow fiber crops.Using above-mentioned cultivation method rhizoma Gastrodiae, obtained during harvesting Output of Gastrodia elata is higher than existing implantation methods, the existing implantation methods of mass ratio are excellent.
Embodiment 2
In rhizoma Gastrodiae generation kind picking time, selection is without the injured, spot that do not rot, without pest and disease damage, weight more than 3 grams Hoary hair fiber crops are numb as planting;In July between October, selection loosing soil, ventilative, water penetration are good, and the soil texture is by the Black Warrior The neutral yellow earth that rock, sandstone, sand shale are developed into, thereon without moss growth, ground forest shade density is less than 60% half tailo Cave is opened in plot, and a kind plant hole is excavated every 25cm, and it is 100cm long, 60cm wide, deep 12 ~ 15cm to plant the inside dimension of plant hole; The uniform laying depth in cave bottom of plant hole is planted for 3cm mixes leaf humous;From the bacterium material of 60cm long, three rows are cut on bacterium material Fish scale mouthful, 3 ~ 5cm of fish scale mouthful interval, the bacterium material interval that will cut fish scale mouthful is fixed in kind of plant hole, and each fixes 4 in planting plant hole Root fungus material, is 2cm per the spacing distance between root fungus material, and close ring bacterium production kind is uniformly placed at each wound of bacterium material, Covering a layer thickness is that 2cm mixes leaf humous;To winter then, when the bacterium material in kind plant hole connects close ring bacterium, will plant The mixing leaf humous being covered in plant hole on bacterium material is dug, and then kind of fiber crops are uniformly positioned at bacterium material position, 5 ~ 7 kind fiber crops wherein are put per root fungus material, 3 ~ 5cm branches long is placed between kind of fiber crops, then leaf covering humous will be mixed In on bacterium material, cladding thickness is 2cm, is grown up to autumn next year arrow fiber crops.Using above-mentioned cultivation method rhizoma Gastrodiae, obtained during harvesting Output of Gastrodia elata is higher than existing implantation methods, the existing implantation methods of mass ratio are excellent.
Embodiment 3
In rhizoma Gastrodiae generation kind picking time, selection is without the injured, spot that do not rot, without pest and disease damage, weight more than 3 grams Hoary hair fiber crops are numb as planting;In July between October, selection loosing soil, ventilative, water penetration are good, and the soil texture is by the Black Warrior The purple soil that rock, sandstone, sand shale are developed into,, without moss growth, ground forest shade density is that less than 60% tailo plot is opened for it Cave, a kind plant hole is excavated every 25cm, and it is 100cm long, 60cm wide, deep 12 ~ 15cm to plant the inside dimension of plant hole;In kind of a plant hole The uniform laying depth in cave bottom mix leaf humous for 2cm;From the bacterium material of 60cm long, three row's fish scales are cut on bacterium material Mouthful, 3 ~ 5cm of fish scale mouthful interval, the bacterium material interval that will cut fish scale mouthful is fixed in kind of plant hole, and each fixes 4 root fungus in planting plant hole Material, is 2cm per the spacing distance between root fungus material, and close ring bacterium production kind, covering are uniformly placed at each wound of bacterium material A layer thickness is that 3cm mixes leaf humous;To winter then, when the bacterium material in kind plant hole connects close ring bacterium, plant hole will be planted In the mixing leaf humous that is covered on bacterium material dig, then kind of fiber crops are uniformly positioned at bacterium material position, wherein 5 ~ 7 kind fiber crops are put per root fungus material, 3 ~ 5cm branches long are placed between kind of fiber crops, then bacterium is covered in by leaf humous is mixed On material, cladding thickness is 3cm, is grown up to autumn next year arrow fiber crops.Using above-mentioned cultivation method rhizoma Gastrodiae, the day obtained during harvesting Numb yield is higher than existing implantation methods, the existing implantation methods of mass ratio are excellent.
Embodiment 4
In rhizoma Gastrodiae generation kind picking time, selection is without the injured, spot that do not rot, without pest and disease damage, weight more than 3 grams Hoary hair fiber crops are numb as planting;In July between October, selection loosing soil, ventilative, water penetration are good, and the soil texture is by the Black Warrior The purple soil that rock, sandstone, sand shale are developed into,, without moss growth, ground forest shade density is less than 60% half Schattenseite plot for it Cave is opened, a kind plant hole is excavated every 25cm, it is 100cm long, 60cm wide, deep 12 ~ 15cm to plant the inside dimension of plant hole;In plantation The uniform laying depth in cave bottom in cave is that 2cm mixes leaf humous;From the bacterium material of 60cm long, three row's fish scales are cut on bacterium material Mouthful, 3 ~ 5cm of fish scale mouthful interval, the bacterium material interval that will cut fish scale mouthful is fixed in kind of plant hole, and each fixes 4 root fungus in planting plant hole Material, is 1cm per the spacing distance between root fungus material, and close ring bacterium production kind, covering are uniformly placed at each wound of bacterium material A layer thickness is that 2cm mixes leaf humous;To winter then, when the bacterium material in kind plant hole connects close ring bacterium, plant hole will be planted In the mixing leaf humous that is covered on bacterium material dig, then kind of fiber crops are uniformly positioned at bacterium material position, wherein 5 ~ 7 kind fiber crops are put per root fungus material, 3 ~ 5cm branches long are placed between kind of fiber crops, then bacterium is covered in by leaf humous is mixed On material, cladding thickness is 2cm, is grown up to autumn next year arrow fiber crops.Using above-mentioned cultivation method rhizoma Gastrodiae, the day obtained during harvesting Numb yield is higher than existing implantation methods, the existing implantation methods of mass ratio are excellent.
Based on rhizoma Gastrodiae in whole growth course, grown under light protected environment, only need suitable humiture, while Rhizoma Gastrodiae growth is not required to absorb nutrient from soil, and soil is only used as the principle of the matrix for fixing bacterium material, and the present invention is rotten using mixing The leaf for growing soil replaces soil as matrix, and rhizoma Gastrodiae fiber crops are planted in kind of plant hole, is replaced using leaf humous is mixed Soil is covered, and builds the imitative wild growing environment of suitable rhizoma Gastrodiae growth for rhizoma Gastrodiae to greatest extent, need not be reused during harvesting Hoe is excavated, and eliminates damage of the rhizoma Gastrodiae harvesting to rhizoma Gastrodiae, reduces labour intensity, and improve the yield and quality of rhizoma Gastrodiae.. The cultivation method rhizoma Gastrodiae provided using the present invention, realizes the mesh of every square metre of cultivated area harvesting 8kg or so commodity rhizoma Gastrodiae Mark, compared with existing implantation methods, greatly improves plantation yield, the effective plantation income for increasing Planting household.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of gastrodia tuber imitative wild cultural method, it is characterised in that including addressing, seed selection and cultivate, concretely comprises the following steps:
A, addressing:Selection loosing soil, ventilative, water penetration are good, and without moss growth, ground forest shade density is less than 60% Cave is opened in plot, and a kind plant hole is excavated every 25cm, and it is 100cm long, 60cm wide, deep 12 ~ 15cm to plant the inside dimension of plant hole;
B, seed selection:Selection carries out single generation kind that artificial pollination cultivates with Wild gastrodia as kind of a fiber crops;Select close ring mushroom reality The isolated ripe close ring bacterium of three-level of body is the production kind of close ring bacterium;
C, cultivation:Annual July is humous for 2 ~ 3cm mixes in the uniform laying depth in cave bottom of kind of plant hole between October Leaf;Water spray is moist after the mixing leaf humous is mixed thoroughly for fertile soil and broad leaf tree leaf, wherein fertile soil and broad-leaved The volume ratio for setting leaf is 1:1;From the bacterium material of 60cm long, three row's fish scales mouthful are cut on bacterium material, 3 ~ 5cm of fish scale mouthful interval will The bacterium material for having cut fish scale mouthful is fixed in kind of plant hole by 1 ~ 2cm intervals, and close ring bacterium is uniformly placed at each wound of bacterium material Production kind, covering a layer thickness is that 2 ~ 3cm mixes leaf humous;To winter then, the bacterium material planted in plant hole connects close ring During bacterium, the mixing being covered on bacterium material in kind of plant hole leaf humous is dug, be then uniformly positioned over against bacterium kind of fiber crops At material position, wherein putting 5 ~ 7 kind fiber crops per root fungus material, 3 ~ 5cm branches long are placed between kind of fiber crops, then will mix humous Leaf is covered on bacterium material, and cladding thickness is 2 ~ 3cm, is grown up to autumn next year arrow fiber crops.
2. gastrodia tuber imitative wild cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the plot for excavating kind of plant hole The soil texture is the neutral yellow earth or purple soil developed into by basalt, sandstone, sand shale.
3. gastrodia tuber imitative wild cultural method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the plot for excavating kind of plant hole It is tailo, half tailo or half Schattenseite.
4. gastrodia tuber imitative wild cultural method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the plot for excavating kind of plant hole Air humidity is 60% ~ 85%.
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CN104855133B (en) * 2015-06-19 2017-08-29 习水县龙洋生态食品开发有限公司 A kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae plants cultural method
CN105532216A (en) * 2015-12-09 2016-05-04 道真仡佬族苗族自治县康万家药业有限公司 Planting method for gastrodia elata f.glauca
CN105993501B (en) * 2016-05-27 2019-04-16 镇远县红康中药材种植专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of Rhizoma Gastrodiae
CN107439353A (en) * 2017-09-12 2017-12-08 六盘水黔丰农业发展有限公司 A kind of tissue culture formula rhizoma Gastrodiae raising technology
CN108782088A (en) * 2018-06-29 2018-11-13 贵州省德均农特产品开发有限公司 A kind of gastrodin cultivation device and its method for cultivating Rhizoma Gastrodiae
CN109429959A (en) * 2018-10-11 2019-03-08 云南省林业科学院 A kind of imitative Wild gastrodia cultural method
CN109275533A (en) * 2018-10-31 2019-01-29 黎平青江农业开发有限公司 A kind of gastrodin cultivation method
CN109496747A (en) * 2018-12-13 2019-03-22 德宏州勇旭农业开发有限公司 A kind of cultural method of Rhizoma Gastrodiae

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CN101185396B (en) * 2007-12-12 2010-12-15 大方县九龙天麻开发有限公司 Gastrodia tuber imitative wild sexual reproduction breeding technique
CN102612964A (en) * 2012-04-05 2012-08-01 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 Imitated wild gastrodia elata cultivation method through sexual propagation
CN102630452A (en) * 2012-04-05 2012-08-15 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 Imitative wild asexual propagation cultivation method of rhizoma gastrodiae
CN103109727B (en) * 2013-03-04 2014-04-02 白山市盛林农产品加工有限公司 High-yield and high-quality cultivation method of intimating wild gastrodia elata of Changbai mountains
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CN103548562B (en) * 2013-10-23 2015-08-05 关岭百龙汇生物科技有限公司 A kind of high-yield cultivating method of gastrodia elata sexual propagation
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