CN103548562B - A kind of high-yield cultivating method of gastrodia elata sexual propagation - Google Patents
A kind of high-yield cultivating method of gastrodia elata sexual propagation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of high-yield cultivating method of gastrodia elata sexual propagation, mainly comprises the following steps: the cultivation of (1) concomitance bacterium; (2) sowing and the artificial pollination of fiber crops is planted; (3) plastic bag cultivation.The present invention compares with conventional method, and the production cycle significantly shortens, and can realize suitability for industrialized production, simplify production process; Not only can improve the percentage of seedgermination of rhizoma Gastrodiae, improve the reproduction coefficient of rhizoma Gastrodiae, improve the sexual propagation seed yield of rhizoma Gastrodiae, the probability that miscellaneous bacteria infects can also be reduced, have operation simple, with low cost, save space, convenient management, the advantage such as safe and efficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural science and technology, especially the artificial method for planting of rhizoma Gastrodiae.
Background technology
Rhizoma Gastrodiae is a kind of orchid with mycorhiza, unrooted, without greenery, can not manufacture the nutriment for own growth, after gastrodia seed germination, mainly relies on the halimasch silk that decomposes in its body of invasion and grows.The ripe stem tuber of rhizoma Gastrodiae is rare traditional Chinese medicine, have the title of " the second ginseng ", is the good medicine of China's successive dynasties treating disease and preserving health, is listed in top grade in successive dynasties bimillennium draft.Rhizoma Gastrodiae has wines used as antirheumatic, anticonvulsion, relieving fainting is dizzy, hypotensive effect, especially analgesia, calm in effect more outstanding, and to have no side effect.At present, rhizoma Gastrodiae is used for the aspects such as health care, medical treatment, food gradually both at home and abroad.
For a long time, the acquisition of rhizoma Gastrodiae is all rely on to excavate wild stem tuber, and be processed into except for except domestic after crude drug, being also sold abroad, enjoying a very good reputation, is the valuable cargo that China's foreign trade is exported goods and earned foreign currency.Due to rhizoma Gastrodiae resource-constrained, China actively develops artificial cultivation in rhizoma Gastrodiae producing region, with increase yield, solves the weary problem of medicine source plaque.White, the numb kind of rice of general gastrodia elata sexual propagation, though because of low and can germinate but have many seeds can not connect close ring bacterium in time and cannot grow by self germination rate of its seed, cause output few and extremely unstable, have impact on the enthusiasm of peasant planting rhizoma Gastrodiae, constrain Tianma industry development.
Chinese patent ZL200810145368.1 discloses a kind of new method about Changbaishan area, Jilin Province Wild gastrodia sexual reproduction breeding, is to be thinly sliced by gastrodia elata seed Germination bacterium three-class strain; Thin slice is swung in sterile basin; The seeds of Gastrodia elata of maturation is sown on Germination Strain sheet; The composts or fertilisers of cultivating of 3 cm thicks will be put at the bottom of sterile plastic crate; The Germination Strain sheet sprinkling seeds of Gastrodia elata is put into plastic crate; Plastic crate is placed in culturing room, the ball stem of grain of rice size in 28-30 days, can be formed.The program is only suitable for coordinating Changbaishan area environment to use.
Chinese patent ZL200710078049.9 discloses a kind of gastrodia tuber imitative wild sexual reproduction breeding technique, key step has seed selection to obtain ripe seeds of Gastrodia elata, excellent Germination Strain bacterial strain, three grades of ripe close ring bacterium are planted for producing, forest shade density is selected to be more than 80% have the hillside sylvan life of the natural environment of Wild gastrodia growth distribution to open cultivation cave, with artificial mix Germination Strain, control room temperature and make band kind of Germination Strain, the selection of time of sexual reproduction breeding cultivation is between June to August.The program selects three grades of ripe halimasch as production kind, and forest shade density is more than 80% have the hillside sylvan life of the natural environment of Wild gastrodia growth distribution to open cultivation cave, makes working condition comparatively harsh.
Chinese patent ZL201010203971.8 discloses the method for culturing fungi and planting tall gastrodia tuber indoors, first, gets raw material sawdust 90-110; Wheat skin 50-70; Corn flour 15-25; Brown sugar 1-3; After land plaster 1-3, by above-mentioned raw material Homogeneous phase mixing, obtained mixed fillers; By bacteria chamber clean totally also with the fumigation of sulphur semi-annular jade pendant; Bacterium material is divided into 15cm segment wood, tied up by segment wood and load in strain bag, tamped in the space in strain bag, then tighten sack, sterilizing with obtained mixed fillers, cooling, inoculation, finally puts into bacteria indoor by strain bag.The kind of the program to bacterium material, medium all not specified (NS)s of bacterial classification, the effect for gastrodia elata sexual propagation is not ideal.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of high-yield cultivating method of gastrodia elata sexual propagation, solve the problem that the percentage of seedgermination of rhizoma Gastrodiae in prior art, reproduction coefficient and output are not high.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of gastrodia elata sexual propagation high-yield cultivating method, mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of concomitance bacterium: a large amount of branch and leaf collecting broad-leaved tree after fallen leaves in autumn, dry the rear good matrix as producing Germination Strain and halimasch cultivated species, preparation Germination Strain medium and halimasch medium, carry out the cultivation of Germination Strain and halimasch;
(2) sowing and the artificial pollination of fiber crops is planted: in 10 ~ December, the arrow fiber crops of weight 150g ~ 300g are selected to do kind of fiber crops, the kind fiber crops chosen are put into shady and cool place, dry in the air to when turning white until seed coat, load wooden case or storage pond by the method for 1 layer of kind fiber crops 1 layer of humus soil or sawdust sand, put in temperature 3 ~ 5 DEG C, the shady and cool place of humidity 20% or refrigerating chamber and store; The sisal hemp of taking out storage late Febuary in next year to mid-March starts sowing, treats that arrow fiber crops plant numb bolting, Post flowering carries out artificial pollination;
(3) plastic bag cultivation: win capsule after rhizoma Gastrodiae maturation as seeds of Gastrodia elata, preparation bacterium material, bacterium leaf and mixing inserts, after seeds of Gastrodia elata and Germination Strain are dressed seed, with halimasch, bacterium material can together be sown in plastic sack, finally lain against in furrow and be made into sexual propagation bed, dig out December then, obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae zero generation kind hemp.
Broad-leaved tree in step of the present invention (1) refers to Qing Gangshu.
Germination Strain culture medium prescription in step of the present invention (1) is: broad-leaved tree leaf 63%, hardwood sawdust 25%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%; Preparation method soaks 20h for first being pulverized to put in people's clear water by leaf, and then pull out to drain and swim, then admix wheat bran, gypsum, sucrose, the moisture mixing rear composts or fertilisers of cultivating thoroughly is 60% ~ 65%, finally fills bacterium bag, sterilizing, inoculation, 22 ~ 24 DEG C of lucifuges cultivations; Pure white sturdy, the growth of the mycelia of gained Germination Strain closely, cell age 88 ~ 92d.
Halimasch culture medium prescription in step of the present invention (1) is: broad-leaved tree shoot 70%, hardwood sawdust 18%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%; First broad-leaved tree shoot is cut into the segment that 2cm is long, in clear water, soak 8 ~ 10h, then mix with wood chip, wheat bran etc., after poach, moisture is 60% ~ 65%, and finally bottling, sterilizing, inoculation, 22 ~ 24 DEG C of lucifuges are cultivated; The mycelial growth of gained halimasch is good, and shoestring is healthy and strong, even, without living contaminants, and cell age 58 ~ 62d.
The Germination Strain selected in the present invention is dendrobium mixture, and halimasch is AM-08.
The polyethylene knuckle bacterium bag that Germination Strain bacterium bag used is 15 × 33 × 0.05 is cultivated in the present invention.
The plastics seed bottle that halimasch bacterium bottle used is 720ml is cultivated in the present invention.
Sowing kind fiber crops in step of the present invention (2) refer to selects flowerpot or grog basket as cultivation bed, select the sand of water conservation good permeability as bed soil, seeding row spacing 10cm × 10cm, numb terminal bud will be planted upward during sowing, then cover thick 7cm sand, when terminal bud is unearthed and flower a kind of sedge starts to extend, sprays water and keep indoor humidity 70% ~ 80% of pollinating, soil moisture 48 ~ 52%, and build cool canopy; At bolting, bloom, fruiting period waters in time, keeps ground moistening, and inserts fixing bamboo pole plant is other, removes 6 ~ 10 buds at top after buddingging; Artificial pollination refers to holds scape and ovary gently at Post flowering left hand, and the right hand is stained with pollen in being stretched into by the bamboo let cut and spending and is placed on column cap.
Above-mentioned artificial pollination carries out xenogamy when 9 point ~ 12 of the same day that rhizoma Gastrodiae is bloomed and next day.
In step of the present invention (3) plastic bag cultivation comprise the following steps:
A. bacterium material is prepared: the Fagaceae Species selecting diameter 3 ~ 8cm, be sawn into the stub of long 15 ~ 20cm, 6 large bacterium materials of fish scale interruption-forming are cut in every section point of three faces, some less timber are made into the little bacterium material of 1 ~ 3cm × 5 ~ 8cm simultaneously, then with clear water soak to pull out after saturating 12 ~ 24h drain away the water for subsequent use;
B. bacterium leaf is prepared: fallen leaves then by Fagaceae after collecting and be cut into the square fritter of 2 ~ 5cm, soak pull out for 10 minutes with 1 ℅ limewash, clear water is for subsequent use after rinsing;
C. preparation mixing inserts: mixed according to 1:2 ratio with sandy soil/Shi Sha by wood chip, with the dichlorvos of dilution 2000 times or phoxim baythion in mixed process, dilute the Imidacloprid of 2000 times, 0.1 ℅ liquor potassic permanganate sprays, and adds clear water by its humid control 60%;
D. the seed dressing of seeds of Gastrodia elata and Germination Strain: the bacterium block of 1 ~ 2cm size is torn or broken into Germination Strain, then the seeds of Gastrodia elata of maturation is sprinkling upon on Germination Strain equably, mix in rear loading plastic sack, after knotting, room temperature lucifuge deposits 1 ~ 2d, for subsequent use after seeing mycelium germination;
E. sow: first the plastic sack iron nail of 25 × 25 × 40cm is made a call to three rows, 12 holes, then mixing inserts is layered on 3 ~ 5cm at the bottom of plastic sack thick, the large bacterium material of one deck is put by gap 1 ~ 2cm, the space between large bacterium material material is filled again with little bacterium material, be sown into halimasch by the incision of bacterium material and fish scale mouth place simultaneously, again the Germination Strain being mixed with seeds of Gastrodia elata is spread on after around bacterium material and bacterium leaf is sprinkled upon surface equably, thickness is 0.5 ~ 1cm, the mixing inserts of the thick 3 ~ 5cm of last lid layer, repeat above operation again and broadcast second layer kind, every bag of Germination Strain admixes 15 ~ 20 rhizoma Gastrodiae capsules, every bag of Germination Strain broadcasts 5 plastic sacks,
F. furrow are done: 1d selects the slope land of sandy loam in advance, by the weeds removing in ground, play wide 1 meter, long 2 meters furrow, splash with 2 ℅ limewash, the plastic sack sowed is put in furrow by the distance of gap 3 ~ 5cm, then soil is filled between gap, 3 ~ 5cm is thick for lid, water permeable rear formation gastrodia elata sexual propagation ridge-up bed, shade with sunshade net when light is crossed by force or temperature is too high and spray spray water cooling, ensure that in bag, temperature is no more than 30 DEG C.
In the present invention, should check every day when after artificial pollination 15d, capsule starts variable color, when fruit from hard to soft, color from depth to shallow, fruit split crack time show ripe, itself and adjacent capsule are cut loading paper bag simultaneously, be placed on calm cool place place to preserve, must guard against solar exposure.
The optimum temperature grown due to optimum temperature and the symbiosis Germination Strain of gastrodia seed germination not too coincide (may be closely related with the biological property of seeds of Gastrodia elata), in cultivation, both needed to consider the condition needed for symbiotic germination bacteria growing, meet the epidemic disaster that seeds of Gastrodia elata germinates simultaneously again, percentage of seedgermination and Output of Gastrodia elata could be improved.The present invention adopts rational condition of culture and cultivation method, reaches the effect improving seeds of Gastrodia elata germination rate and Output of Gastrodia elata.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: compare with conventional method, and the production cycle significantly shortens, and can realize suitability for industrialized production, simplify production process; Not only can improve the percentage of seedgermination of rhizoma Gastrodiae, improve the reproduction coefficient of rhizoma Gastrodiae, improve the sexual propagation seed yield of rhizoma Gastrodiae, the probability that miscellaneous bacteria infects can also be reduced, have operation simple, with low cost, save space, convenient management, the advantage such as safe and efficient.Adopt the inventive method to carry out the sexual propagation of rhizoma Gastrodiae, seeds of Gastrodia elata germination rate to more than 90%, higher than common Method of Sexal Reproduction of Gastrodia Elata Bl, the large-scale industrial production of rhizoma Gastrodiae can have great importance.The quality of Germination Strain and halimasch directly has influence on seeds of Gastrodia elata germination rate, therefore, the Germination Strain medium that the present invention innovatively adopts formula unique and halimasch medium, Germination Strain and the halimasch of high-quality is turned out with conditions such as rational temperature, illumination, times, it is made more efficiently to contaminate the embryo of seeds of Gastrodia elata, for it provides nutrition and promote gastrodia seed germination.Germination Strain medium in the present invention and halimasch culture medium raw material abundance, with low cost, and ratio range is clear and definite, is equipped with rational preparation method, and cultivation Germination Strain and halimasch have unexpected good effect, is conducive to promoting.Although there are 2-3 ten thousand seeds in 1 rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule, under field conditions (factors), germination rate is extremely low, and adopt common Germination Strain to cultivate according to a conventional method, its germination rate also only has 40-60%; And the probability adopting the inventive method not only can increase seeds of Gastrodia elata to contact with Germination Strain, halimasch, the input amount of reasonable distribution rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule, can also ensure that seeds of Gastrodia elata has more protocorm quantity after germinateing, be better than gastrodia elata sexual propagation technology of the prior art.Conventional Method of Sexal Reproduction of Gastrodia Elata Bl adopts cave kind, and the present invention adopts plastic sack to cultivate, be more convenient for production operation and management, also reaches safety, health, efficiently production object simultaneously.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, but it does not form limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of gastrodia elata sexual propagation high-yield cultivating method, concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) cultivation of concomitance bacterium:
Autumn collects Qinggang branch and leaf after fallen leaves, after drying according to Germination Strain culture medium prescription is: Qinggang leaf 63%, Qinggang trees bits 25%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%.First leaf is pulverized to put in people's clear water and soak 20h, then pull out to drain and swim, admix wheat bran, gypsum, sucrose again, the moisture mixing rear adjustment composts or fertilisers of cultivating thoroughly is 60%, finally load in the polyethylene knuckle bacterium bag of 15 × 33 × 0.05,0.1KMp, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 3h, access dendrobium mixture original seed after cooling, 22 ~ 24 DEG C of lucifuges cultivate within 90 days, obtain afterwards mycelia pure white sturdy, grow tight Germination Strain.Simultaneously according to halimasch culture medium prescription: Qinggang tree shoot 70%, Qinggang trees bits 18%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%.First Qinggang is set shoot and be cut into the long segment of 2cm, 8 ~ 10h is soaked in clear water, then mix with wood chip, wheat bran etc., after poach, moisture is 60% ~ 65%, finally load in the seed bottle of 720ml, 0.1KMp, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 3h, access AM-08 original seed after cooling, that 22 ~ 24 DEG C of lucifuges obtain mycelial growth after cultivating 60d is good, shoestring is healthy and strong, even, without the halimasch of living contaminants.
(2) sowing and the artificial pollination of fiber crops is planted:
Take out intact, the not damaged of growth of storage in 10 ~ December, without damage by disease and insect, the numb 1kg of terminal bud red bar arrow that is full, more than weight 150g, plant in the flowerpot of 32cm bore in late Febuary, every flowerpot is four arrow fiber crops, and the sand of water conservation good permeability is bed soil and overburden soil.Earthing is thick is 7cm sand, and the indoor cultivation of 20 ~ 24 DEG C spends a kind of sedge to start to extend and be unearthed for 3 days afterwards, and at this moment water spray keeps air humidity 70% ~ 80%, soil moisture about 50%.Insert fixing bamboo pole in case flower a kind of sedge is broken by wind when flower a kind of sedge grows into about 1m plant is other, or fruit ear is overweight that plant is fractureed.6 ~ 10 buds at top are removed after buddingging.9 point ~ 12 of Post flowering next day start pollination, and with xenogamy as well, concrete grammar is that left hand holds scape and ovary gently, and the right hand is stained with pollen in being stretched into by the bamboo let cut and spending, and is placed on exactly on column cap.After pollination 15d, capsule starts variable color, and from hard to soft, from depth to shallow, fruit splits crack color 20d fruit, now itself and adjacent capsule is cut loading paper bag simultaneously, is placed on calm cool place place, must guard against solar exposure.
(3) plastic bag cultivation:
A. bacterium material is prepared: select Fagaceae Species diameter 3 ~ 8cm, be sawn into the stub of long 15 ~ 20cm, 6 large bacterium materials of fish scale interruption-forming are cut in every section point of three faces, some less timber are made into the little bacterium material of 1 ~ 3cm × 5 ~ 8cm simultaneously, then with clear water soak to pull out after saturating 12 ~ 24h drain away the water for subsequent use;
B. bacterium leaf is prepared: fallen leaves then by Fagaceae after collecting and be cut into the square fritter of 2 ~ 5cm, soak pull out for 10 minutes with 1 ℅ limewash, clear water rinses for subsequent use;
C. preparation mixing inserts, by husky for wood chip stone according to the mixing of 1:2 ratio, with the phoxim baythion of 2000 times in mixed process, the Imidacloprid of 2000 times, 0.1 ℅ liquor potassic permanganate sprays.And add clear water by its humid control 60%;
D. the seed dressing of seeds of Gastrodia elata and Germination Strain: Germination Strain breaks into the bacterium block of 1 ~ 2cm size, is then sprinkling upon equably on Germination Strain by the seed of maturation, to mix in rear loading plastic sack room temperature lucifuge after knotting and deposits 1 ~ 2d, for subsequent use after seeing mycelium germination;
E. sow: first the plastic sack iron nail of 25 × 25 × 40cm is made a call to three rows, 12 holes (breathe freely and use), then mixing inserts is layered on 3 ~ 5cm at the bottom of plastic sack thick, the large bacterium material of one deck is put by gap 1 ~ 2cm, the space between large bacterium material material is filled again with little bacterium material, be sown into halimasch by the incision of bacterium material and fish scale mouth place simultaneously, being spread on by the Germination Strain being mixed with seeds of Gastrodia elata and leaf being sprinkled upon equably surface thickness after around bacterium material is 0.5 ~ 1cm, the mixing inserts of the thick 3 ~ 5cm of last lid layer, then repeat above operation and broadcast second layer kind.Every bag of Germination Strain admixes 15 ~ 20 rhizoma Gastrodiae capsules, and every bag of Germination Strain broadcasts 5 plastic sacks, obtains totally 150 cultivation plastic sacks.
F. furrow are done: 1d selects the slope land of sandy loam in advance, by the weeds removing in ground, play wide 1 meter, long 2 meters furrow, splash with 2 ℅ limewash, the plastic sack sowed is put in furrow by the distance of gap 3 ~ 5cm, then soil is filled between gap, 3 ~ 5cm is thick for lid, water permeable rear formation gastrodia elata sexual propagation ridge-up bed, can shade with sunshade net and spray spray water when light is crossed by force and temperature is too high, lower the temperature to ensure that in bag, temperature is no more than 30 DEG C.Dig out December then, obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae zero generation kind 112.5kg altogether, on average every bag of output is 0.75kg.
Embodiment 2
A kind of gastrodia elata sexual propagation high-yield cultivating method, concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) cultivation of concomitance bacterium:
Autumn collects willow branch and leaf after fallen leaves, is: Folium Pterocaryae 63%, willow wood chip 25%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1% after drying according to Germination Strain culture medium prescription.First leaf is pulverized to put in people's clear water and soak 20h, then pull out to drain and swim, admix wheat bran, gypsum, sucrose again, the moisture mixing rear adjustment composts or fertilisers of cultivating thoroughly is 60%, finally load in the polyethylene knuckle bacterium bag of 15 × 33 × 0.05,0.1KMp, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 3h, access dendrobium mixture original seed after cooling, 22 ~ 24 DEG C of lucifuges cultivate within 90 days, obtain afterwards mycelia pure white sturdy, grow tight Germination Strain.Simultaneously according to halimasch culture medium prescription: willow shoot 70%, willow wood chip 18%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%.First willow shoot is cut into the segment that 2cm is long, 8 ~ 10h is soaked in clear water, then mix with wood chip, wheat bran etc., after poach, moisture is 60% ~ 65%, finally load in the seed bottle of 720ml, 0.1KMp, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 3h, access AM-08 original seed after cooling, that 22 ~ 24 DEG C of lucifuges obtain mycelial growth after cultivating 60d is good, shoestring is healthy and strong, even, without the halimasch of living contaminants.
(2) sowing and the artificial pollination of fiber crops is planted:
Take out intact, the not damaged of growth of storage in 10 ~ December, without damage by disease and insect, the numb 1kg of terminal bud black bar arrow that is full, more than weight 150g, plant in the flowerpot of 32cm bore in late Febuary, every flowerpot is four arrow fiber crops, and the sand of water conservation good permeability is bed soil and overburden soil.Earthing is thick is 7cm sand, and the indoor cultivation of 20 ~ 24 DEG C spends a kind of sedge to start to extend and be unearthed for 5 days afterwards, and at this moment water spray keeps air humidity 70% ~ 80%, soil moisture about 50%.Insert fixing bamboo pole in case flower a kind of sedge is broken by wind when flower a kind of sedge grows into about 1m plant is other, or fruit ear is overweight that plant is fractureed.6 ~ 10 buds at top are removed after buddingging.9 point ~ 12 of Post flowering next day start pollination, and with xenogamy as well, concrete grammar is that left hand holds scape and ovary gently, and the right hand is stained with pollen in being stretched into by the bamboo let cut and spending, and is placed on exactly on column cap.After pollination 15d, capsule starts variable color, and from hard to soft, from depth to shallow, fruit splits crack color 20d fruit, now itself and adjacent capsule is cut loading paper bag simultaneously, is placed on calm cool place place, must guard against solar exposure.
(3) plastic bag cultivation:
A. bacterium material is prepared: select Fagaceae Species diameter 3 ~ 8cm, be sawn into the stub of long 15 ~ 20cm, 6 large bacterium materials of fish scale interruption-forming are cut in every section point of three faces, some less timber are made into the little bacterium material of 1 ~ 3cm × 5 ~ 8cm simultaneously, then with clear water soak to pull out after saturating 12 ~ 24h drain away the water for subsequent use;
B. bacterium leaf is prepared: fallen leaves then by Fagaceae after collecting and be cut into the square fritter of 2 ~ 5cm, soak pull out for 10 minutes with 1 ℅ limewash, clear water rinses for subsequent use;
C. preparation mixing inserts, by husky for wood chip stone according to the mixing of 1:2 ratio, with the phoxim baythion of 2000 times in mixed process) Imidacloprid of 2000 times, 0.1 ℅ liquor potassic permanganate sprinkling.And add clear water by its humid control 60%; The seed dressing of seeds of Gastrodia elata and Germination Strain: Germination Strain breaks into the bacterium block of 1 ~ 2cm size, is then sprinkling upon equably on Germination Strain by the seed of maturation, to mix in rear loading plastic sack room temperature lucifuge after knotting and deposits 1 ~ 2d, for subsequent use after seeing mycelium germination;
D. sow: first the plastic sack iron nail of 25 × 25 × 40cm is made a call to three rows, 12 holes (breathe freely and use), then mixing inserts is layered on 3 ~ 5cm at the bottom of plastic sack thick, the large bacterium material of one deck is put by gap 1 ~ 2cm, the space between large bacterium material material is filled again with little bacterium material, be sown into halimasch by the incision of bacterium material and fish scale mouth place simultaneously, being spread on by the Germination Strain being mixed with seeds of Gastrodia elata and leaf being sprinkled upon equably surface thickness after around bacterium material is 0.5 ~ 1cm, the mixing inserts of the thick 3 ~ 5cm of last lid layer, then repeat above operation and broadcast second layer kind.Every bag of Germination Strain admixes 15 ~ 20 rhizoma Gastrodiae capsules, and every bag of Germination Strain broadcasts 5 plastic sacks, obtains totally 120 cultivation plastic sacks.
E. furrow are done: 1d selects the slope land of sandy loam in advance, by the weeds removing in ground, play wide 1 meter, long 2 meters furrow, splash with 2 ℅ limewash, the plastic sack sowed is put in furrow by the distance of gap 3 ~ 5cm, then soil is filled between gap, 3 ~ 5cm is thick for lid, water permeable rear formation gastrodia elata sexual propagation ridge-up bed, can shade with sunshade net and spray spray water when light is crossed by force and temperature is too high, lower the temperature to ensure that in bag, temperature is no more than 30 DEG C.Dig out December then, obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae zero generation kind 75.5kg altogether, on average every bag of output is 0.63kg.
Embodiment 3
A kind of gastrodia elata sexual propagation high-yield cultivating method, concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) cultivation of concomitance bacterium:
Collect Qinggang, the branch of willow and banyan and leaf autumn after fallen leaves to mix, after drying according to Germination Strain culture medium prescription be: mixing leaf 63%, wood chip 25%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%.First leaf is pulverized to put in people's clear water and soak 20h, then pull out to drain and swim, admix wheat bran, gypsum, sucrose again, the moisture mixing rear adjustment composts or fertilisers of cultivating thoroughly is 60%, finally load in the polyethylene knuckle bacterium bag of 15 × 33 × 0.05,0.1KMp, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 3h, access dendrobium mixture original seed after cooling, 22 ~ 24 DEG C of lucifuges cultivate within 90 days, obtain afterwards mycelia pure white sturdy, grow tight Germination Strain.Simultaneously according to halimasch culture medium prescription: shoot 70%, wood chip 18%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%.First shoot is cut into the segment that 2cm is long, 8 ~ 10h is soaked in clear water, then mix with wood chip, wheat bran etc., after poach, moisture is 60% ~ 65%, finally load in the seed bottle of 720ml, 0.1KMp, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 3h, access AM-08 original seed after cooling, that 22 ~ 24 DEG C of lucifuges obtain mycelial growth after cultivating 60d is good, shoestring is healthy and strong, even, without the halimasch of living contaminants.
(2) sowing and the artificial pollination of fiber crops is planted:
Take out intact, the not damaged of growth of storage in 10 ~ December, without damage by disease and insect, the numb 1kg of terminal bud green bar arrow that is full, more than weight 150g, plant in the flowerpot of 32cm bore in late Febuary, every flowerpot is in four sisal hemps, and the sand of water conservation good permeability is bed soil and overburden soil.Earthing is thick is 7cm sand, and the indoor cultivation of 20 ~ 24 DEG C spends a kind of sedge to start to extend and be unearthed for 5 days afterwards, and at this moment water spray keeps air humidity 70% ~ 80%, soil moisture about 50%.Insert fixing bamboo pole in case flower a kind of sedge is broken by wind when flower a kind of sedge grows into about 1m plant is other, or fruit ear is overweight that plant is fractureed.6 ~ 10 buds at top are removed after buddingging.9 point ~ 12 of Post flowering next day start pollination, and with xenogamy as well, concrete grammar is that left hand holds scape and ovary gently, and the right hand is stained with pollen in being stretched into by the bamboo let cut and spending, and is placed on exactly on column cap.After pollination 15d, capsule starts variable color, and from hard to soft, from depth to shallow, fruit splits crack color 20d fruit, now itself and adjacent capsule is cut loading paper bag simultaneously, is placed on calm cool place place, must guard against solar exposure.
(3) plastic bag cultivation:
A. bacterium material is prepared: select Fagaceae Species diameter 3 ~ 8cm, be sawn into the stub of long 15 ~ 20cm, 6 large bacterium materials of fish scale interruption-forming are cut in every section point of three faces, some less timber are made into the little bacterium material of 1 ~ 3cm × 5 ~ 8cm simultaneously, then with clear water soak to pull out after saturating 12 ~ 24h drain away the water for subsequent use;
B. bacterium leaf is prepared: fallen leaves then by Fagaceae after collecting and be cut into the square fritter of 2 ~ 5cm, soak pull out for 10 minutes with 1 ℅ limewash, clear water rinses for subsequent use;
C. preparation mixing inserts, by husky for wood chip stone according to the mixing of 1:2 ratio, with the phoxim baythion of 2000 times in mixed process) Imidacloprid of 2000 times, 0.1 ℅ liquor potassic permanganate sprinkling.And add clear water by its humid control 60%;
D. the seed dressing of seeds of Gastrodia elata and Germination Strain: Germination Strain breaks into the bacterium block of 1 ~ 2cm size, is then sprinkling upon equably on Germination Strain by the seed of maturation, to mix in rear loading plastic sack room temperature lucifuge after knotting and deposits 1 ~ 2d, for subsequent use after seeing mycelium germination;
E. sow: first the plastic sack iron nail of 25 × 25 × 40cm is made a call to three rows, 12 holes (breathe freely and use), then mixing inserts is layered on 3 ~ 5cm at the bottom of plastic sack thick, the large bacterium material of one deck is put by gap 1 ~ 2cm, the space between large bacterium material material is filled again with little bacterium material, be sown into halimasch by the incision of bacterium material and fish scale mouth place simultaneously, being spread on by the Germination Strain being mixed with seeds of Gastrodia elata and leaf being sprinkled upon equably surface thickness after around bacterium material is 0.5 ~ 1cm, the mixing inserts of the thick 3 ~ 5cm of last lid layer, then repeat above operation and broadcast second layer kind.Every bag of Germination Strain admixes 15 ~ 20 rhizoma Gastrodiae capsules, and every bag of Germination Strain broadcasts 5 plastic sacks, obtains totally 130 cultivation plastic sacks.
F. furrow are done: 1d selects the slope land of sandy loam in advance, by the weeds removing in ground, play wide 1 meter, long 2 meters furrow, splash with 2 ℅ limewash, the plastic sack sowed is put in furrow by the distance of gap 3 ~ 5cm, then soil is filled between gap, 3 ~ 5cm is thick for lid, water permeable rear formation gastrodia elata sexual propagation ridge-up bed, can shade with sunshade net and spray spray water when light is crossed by force and temperature is too high, lower the temperature to ensure that in bag, temperature is no more than 30 DEG C.Dig out December then, obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae zero generation kind 83.5kg altogether, on average every bag of output is 0.64kg.
Claims (1)
1. a high-yield cultivating method for gastrodia elata sexual propagation, is characterized in that: mainly comprise the following steps:
(1) cultivation of concomitance bacterium: a large amount of branch and leaf collecting broad-leaved tree after fallen leaves in autumn, dry the rear good matrix as producing Germination Strain and halimasch cultivated species, preparation Germination Strain medium and halimasch medium, carry out the cultivation of Germination Strain and halimasch;
(2) sowing and the artificial pollination of fiber crops is planted: in 10 ~ December, the arrow fiber crops of weight 150g ~ 300g are selected to do kind of fiber crops, the kind fiber crops chosen are put into shady and cool place, dry in the air to when turning white until seed coat, load wooden case or storage pond by the method for 1 layer of kind fiber crops 1 layer of humus soil or sawdust sand, put in temperature 3 ~ 5 DEG C, the shady and cool place of humidity 20% or refrigerating chamber and store; The sisal hemp of taking out storage late Febuary in next year to mid-March starts sowing, treats that arrow fiber crops plant numb bolting, Post flowering carries out artificial pollination;
(3) plastic bag cultivation: win capsule after rhizoma Gastrodiae maturation as seeds of Gastrodia elata, preparation bacterium material, bacterium leaf and mixing inserts, after seeds of Gastrodia elata and Germination Strain are dressed seed, be sown in plastic sack together with halimasch, bacterium material, finally lain against in furrow and be made into sexual propagation bed, dig out December then, obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae zero generation kind hemp; Specifically comprise the following steps:
A. bacterium material is prepared: the Fagaceae Species selecting diameter 3 ~ 8cm, be sawn into the stub of long 15 ~ 20cm, 6 large bacterium materials of fish scale interruption-forming are cut in every section point of three faces, some less timber are made into the little bacterium material of 1 ~ 3cm × 5 ~ 8cm simultaneously, then with clear water soak to pull out after saturating 12 ~ 24h drain away the water for subsequent use;
B. bacterium leaf is prepared: fallen leaves then by Fagaceae after collecting and be cut into the square fritter of 2 ~ 5cm, soak pull out for 10 minutes with 1 ℅ limewash, clear water is for subsequent use after rinsing;
C. preparation mixing inserts: mixed according to 1:2 ratio with sandy soil/Shi Sha by wood chip, with the dichlorvos of dilution 2000 times or phoxim baythion in mixed process, dilute the Imidacloprid of 2000 times, 0.1 ℅ liquor potassic permanganate sprays, and adds clear water by its humid control 60%;
D. the seed dressing of seeds of Gastrodia elata and Germination Strain: the bacterium block of 1 ~ 2cm size is torn or broken into Germination Strain, then the seeds of Gastrodia elata of maturation is sprinkling upon on Germination Strain equably, mix in rear loading plastic sack, after knotting, room temperature lucifuge deposits 1 ~ 2d, for subsequent use after seeing mycelium germination;
E. sow: first the plastic sack iron nail of 25 × 25 × 40cm is made a call to three rows, 12 holes, then mixing inserts is layered on 3 ~ 5cm at the bottom of plastic sack thick, the large bacterium material of one deck is put by gap 1 ~ 2cm, the space between large bacterium material material is filled again with little bacterium material, be sown into halimasch by the incision of bacterium material and fish scale mouth place simultaneously, again the Germination Strain being mixed with seeds of Gastrodia elata is spread on after around bacterium material and bacterium leaf is sprinkled upon surface equably, thickness is 0.5 ~ 1cm, the mixing inserts of the thick 3 ~ 5cm of last lid layer, repeat above operation again and broadcast second layer kind, every bag of Germination Strain admixes 15 ~ 20 rhizoma Gastrodiae capsules, every bag of Germination Strain broadcasts 5 plastic sacks,
F. furrow are done: 1d selects the slope land of sandy loam in advance, by the weeds removing in ground, play wide 1 meter, long 2 meters furrow, splash with 2 ℅ limewash, the plastic sack sowed is put in furrow by the distance of gap 3 ~ 5cm, then soil is filled between gap, 3 ~ 5cm is thick for lid, water permeable rear formation gastrodia elata sexual propagation ridge-up bed, shade with sunshade net when light is crossed by force or temperature is too high and spray spray water cooling, ensure that in bag, temperature is no more than 30 DEG C;
Germination Strain culture medium prescription in described step (1) is: broad-leaved tree leaf 63%, hardwood sawdust 25%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%; Preparation method soaks 20h for first being pulverized to put in people's clear water by leaf, and then pull out to drain and swim, then admix wheat bran, gypsum, sucrose, the moisture mixing rear composts or fertilisers of cultivating thoroughly is 60% ~ 65%, finally fills bacterium bag, sterilizing, inoculation, 22 ~ 24 DEG C of lucifuges cultivations; Pure white sturdy, the growth of the mycelia of gained Germination Strain closely, cell age 88 ~ 92d;
Halimasch culture medium prescription in described step (1) is: broad-leaved tree shoot 70%, hardwood sawdust 18%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%; First broad-leaved tree shoot is cut into the segment that 2cm is long, in clear water, soak 8 ~ 10h, then mix with wood chip, wheat bran, after poach, moisture is 60% ~ 65%, and finally bottling, sterilizing, inoculation, 22 ~ 24 DEG C of lucifuges are cultivated; The mycelial growth of gained halimasch is good, and shoestring is healthy and strong, even, without living contaminants, and cell age 58 ~ 62d;
Sowing kind fiber crops in described step (2) refer to selects flowerpot or plastic crate as cultivation bed, select the sand of water conservation good permeability as bed soil, seeding row spacing 10cm × 10cm, numb terminal bud will be planted upward during sowing, then cover thick 7cm sand, when terminal bud is unearthed and flower a kind of sedge starts to extend, sprays water and keep indoor humidity 70% ~ 80% of pollinating, soil moisture 48 ~ 52%, and build cool canopy; At bolting, bloom, fruiting period waters in time, keeps ground moistening, and inserts fixing bamboo pole plant is other, removes 6 ~ 10 buds at top after buddingging; Artificial pollination refers to holds scape and ovary gently at Post flowering left hand, and the right hand is stained with pollen in being stretched into by the bamboo let cut and spending and is placed on column cap;
Described Germination Strain is dendrobium mixture, and halimasch is AM-08;
Wherein cultivate the plastics seed bottle that halimasch bacterium bottle used is 720ml;
Described artificial pollination carries out xenogamy when 9 point ~ 12 of the same day that rhizoma Gastrodiae is bloomed and next day;
Broad-leaved tree in described step (1) refers to Qing Gangshu.
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