CN103548562A - Gastrodia elata sexual propagation high-yield cultivation method - Google Patents
Gastrodia elata sexual propagation high-yield cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103548562A CN103548562A CN201310503267.8A CN201310503267A CN103548562A CN 103548562 A CN103548562 A CN 103548562A CN 201310503267 A CN201310503267 A CN 201310503267A CN 103548562 A CN103548562 A CN 103548562A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gastrodia elata sexual propagation high-yield cultivation method. The gastrodia elata sexual propagation high-yield cultivation method mainly comprises the following steps of (1) companion bacteria cultivation; (2) gastrodia elata seed planting and artificial pollination; (3) plastic bag cultivation. Compared with traditional methods, the gastrodia elata sexual propagation high-yield cultivation method can significantly shorten the production cycle, achieve industrial production and simplify the production process; can improve the seed germination rate and the sexual propagation yield of gastrodia elata and reduce the possibility of contaminating bacteria infection; has the advantages of being simple in process, low in cost, space-saving, convenient to manage, safe, efficient and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural science and technology, especially the artificial method for planting of rhizoma Gastrodiae.
Background technology
Rhizoma Gastrodiae is a kind of orchid with mycorhiza, and unrooted, without greenery can not be manufactured the nutriment for self growth, and after gastrodia seed germination, main dependence decomposed the halimasch silk in its body of invasion and grow.The ripe stem tuber of rhizoma Gastrodiae is rare traditional Chinese medicine, have the good medicine of " the second ginseng " Zhi Cheng，Shi China successive dynasties treating disease and preserving health, is listed in top grade in successive dynasties bimillennium draft.Rhizoma Gastrodiae has wines used as antirheumatic, anticonvulsion, relieving fainting is dizzy, and hypotensive effect is especially more outstanding in analgesia, effect aspect calm, and has no side effect.At present, gradually rhizoma Gastrodiae is used for to the aspects such as health care, medical treatment, food both at home and abroad.
For a long time, the acquisition of rhizoma Gastrodiae is all to rely on to excavate wild stem tuber, is processed into after crude drug except for domestic, is also sold abroad, enjoy a very good reputation, and be the valuable cargo that China's foreign trade is exported goods and earned foreign currency.Due to rhizoma Gastrodiae resource-constrained, China actively develops artificial cultivation in rhizoma Gastrodiae producing region, to increase output, solves the weary problem of medicine source plaque.White, the rice fiber crops of general rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual propagation are planted, though because being subject to its seed self germination rate low and can germinate but have many seeds can not connect in time close ring bacterium and cannot grow, cause output few and extremely unstable, affected the enthusiasm of peasant planting rhizoma Gastrodiae, restricted Tianma industry development.
Chinese patent ZL200810145368.1 discloses a kind of new method about Changbaishan area, Jilin Province Wild gastrodia sexual reproduction breeding, is that gastrodia elata seed Germination bacterium three-class strain is thinly sliced; Thin slice is swung in sterile basin; Ripe seeds of Gastrodia elata is sown on Germination Strain sheet; The composts or fertilisers of cultivating of 3 cm thicks will be put at the bottom of sterile plastic crate; The Germination Strain sheet that sprinkles seeds of Gastrodia elata is put into plastic crate; Plastic crate is placed in culturing room, in 28-30 days, can forms the ball stem of grain of rice size.This scheme is only suitable for coordinating Changbaishan area environment to use.
Chinese patent ZL200710078049.9 discloses a kind of gastrodia tuber imitative wild sexual reproduction breeding technique, key step has seed selection to obtain ripe seeds of Gastrodia elata, good Germination Strain bacterial strain, three grades of ripe close ring bacterium are planted for producing, selecting forest shade density is more than 80% to have the hillside sylvan life of the natural environment of Wild gastrodia growth distribution to open cultivation cave, with artificial mix Germination Strain, to control room temperature and make band kind of Germination Strain, the selection of time of sexual reproduction breeding cultivation is between June to August.This scheme is chosen to three grades of ripe halimasch as producing kind, and forest shade density is more than 80% to have the hillside sylvan life of the natural environment of Wild gastrodia growth distribution to open cultivation cave, makes comparatively harshness of working condition.
Chinese patent ZL201010203971.8 discloses the method for culturing fungi and planting tall gastrodia tuber indoors, first, gets raw material sawdust 90-110; Wheat skin 50-70; Corn flour 15-25; Brown sugar 1-3; After land plaster 1-3, above-mentioned raw material are evenly mixed, make mixed fillers; Bacteria chamber clean is clean also with the fumigation of sulphur semi-annular jade pendant; Bacterium material is divided into 15cm segment wood, segment wood is tied up and packed in strain bag, with the mixed fillers making, the space in strain bag is tamped, then tighten sack, sterilizing, cooling, inoculation, finally puts into bacteria by strain bag indoor.This scheme is to the medium of the kind of bacterium material, bacterial classification not specified (NS) all, not ideal for the effect of rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual propagation.
Summary of the invention
The high-yield cultivating method that the object of this invention is to provide a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual propagation, has solved the not high problem of the percentage of seedgermination of rhizoma Gastrodiae, reproduction coefficient and output in prior art.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A sexual propagation high-yield cultivating method, mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of concomitance bacterium: branch and the leaves of collecting in a large number in autumn broad-leaved trees after fallen leaves, dry the rear good matrix as producing Germination Strain and halimasch cultivated species, preparation Germination Strain medium and halimasch medium, carry out the cultivation of Germination Strain and halimasch;
(2) plant numb sowing and artificial pollination: in 10～December, select the arrow fiber crops of weight 150g～300g to do kind of fiber crops, the kind fiber crops of choosing are put into shady and cool place, until kind of a skin, dry in the air when turning white, method by 1 layer of humus soil of 1 layer of kind fiber crops or sawdust sand packs wooden case or storage pond into, puts in the place, cool place of 3～5 ℃ of temperature, humidity 20% or refrigerating chamber and stores; Take out the sisal hemp storing late Febuary in next year to mid-March and start sowing, treat the numb bolting of arrow fiber crops kind, the laggard row artificial pollination of blooming;
(3) plastic bag cultivation: win capsule as seeds of Gastrodia elata after rhizoma Gastrodiae maturation, preparation bacterium material, bacterium leaf and mixing inserts, by after seeds of Gastrodia elata and Germination Strain seed dressing, with halimasch, bacterium material can together be sown in plastic sack, finally lain against and in furrow, be made into sexual propagation bed, dig out December then, obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae zero generation kind hemp.
Broad-leaved tree in step of the present invention (1) refers to Qing Gangshu.
Germination Strain culture medium prescription in step of the present invention (1) is: broad-leaved tree leaf 63%, hardwood sawdust 25%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%; Preparation method soaks 20h for first leaf being pulverized to put in people's clear water, then pulls out to drain and swims, then admix wheat bran, gypsum, sucrose, and the moisture of mixing rear composts or fertilisers of cultivating thoroughly is 60%～65%, finally fills bacterium bag, sterilizing, inoculation, 22～24 ℃ of lucifuges cultivations; Pure white sturdy, the growth of the mycelia of gained Germination Strain closely, cell age 88～92d.
Halimasch culture medium prescription in step of the present invention (1) is: broad-leaved tree shoot 70%, hardwood sawdust 18%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%; First broad-leaved tree shoot is cut into the long segment of 2cm, soaks 8～10h in clear water, then mix with wood chip, wheat bran etc., after poach, moisture is 60%～65%, and finally bottling, sterilizing, inoculation, 22～24 ℃ of lucifuges are cultivated; The mycelial growth of gained halimasch is good, and shoestring is healthy and strong, even, without living contaminants, and cell age 58～62d.
The Germination Strain of selecting in the present invention is the little mushroom of the stem of noble dendrobium, and halimasch is AM-08.
In the present invention, cultivate the polyethylene knuckle bacterium bag that Germination Strain bacterium bag used is 15 * 33 * 0.05.
In the present invention, cultivate the plastics seed bottle that halimasch bacterium bottle used is 720ml.
Sowing kind fiber crops in step of the present invention (2) refer to selects flowerpot or grog basket as cultivation bed, select the sand of water conservation good permeability as bed soil, seeding row spacing 10cm * 10cm, during sowing, will plant numb terminal bud upward, then cover thick 7cm sand, when terminal bud is unearthed and spends a kind of sedge to start to extend, spray water and keep pollination indoor humidity 70%～80%, soil moisture 48～52%, and build cool canopy; At bolting, bloom, fruiting period waters in time, keeps ground moistening, and at the other fixedly bamboo pole of inserting of plant, removes 6～10 buds at top after buddingging; Artificial pollination refers in the rear left have gentle hands of blooming gently holds scape and ovary, and the right hand stretches into the bamboo let of cutting to be stained with pollen in spending and to be placed on column cap.
When being 9 point～12 of same day of blooming at rhizoma Gastrodiae and next day, above-mentioned artificial pollination carries out xenogamy.
In step of the present invention (3) plastic bag cultivation comprise the following steps:
A. prepare bacterium material: the Fagaceae Species of selecting diameter 3～8cm, be sawn into the stub of long 15～20cm, within every section minute, three faces are cut 6 large bacterium materials of fish scale interruption-forming, some less timber are made into the little bacterium material of 1～3cm * 5～8cm simultaneously, then with clear water soak pull out after 12～24h drain away the water standby;
B. prepare bacterium leaf: Fagaceae is fallen leaves then after collecting and is cut into the square fritter of 2～5cm, with 1 ℅ limewash, soak and pull out for 10 minutes, clear water rinses standby afterwards;
C. preparation mixes inserts: wood chip is mixed according to 1:2 ratio with sandy soil/Shi Sha, in mixed process, with the dichlorvos or the phoxim baythion that dilute 2000 times, dilute the Imidacloprid of 2000 times, and 0.1 ℅ liquor potassic permanganate sprinkling, and add clear water its humidity is controlled to 60%;
D. the seed dressing of seeds of Gastrodia elata and Germination Strain: the bacterium piece of 1～2cm size is torn or broken into Germination Strain, then ripe seeds of Gastrodia elata is sprinkling upon on Germination Strain equably, after mixing, pack in plastic sack, after knotting, room temperature lucifuge is deposited 1～2d, sees after mycelium germination standby;
E. sowing: first the plastic sack of 25 * 25 * 40cm is made a call to 12 holes of three rows with iron nail, then at the bottom of mixing inserts being layered on to plastic sack, 3～5cm is thick, by gap 1～2cm, put the large bacterium material of one deck, with little bacterium material, fill the space between large bacterium material material again, incision at bacterium material and fish scale mouth place are sown into halimasch simultaneously, again the Germination Strain that is mixed with seeds of Gastrodia elata is spread on to bacterium material, around, bacterium leaf is sprinkled upon to surface equably, thickness is 0.5～1cm, the mixing inserts of the last thick 3～5cm of lid layer, repeat again above operation and broadcast second layer kind, every bag of Germination Strain is admixed 15～20 rhizoma Gastrodiae capsules, every bag of Germination Strain is broadcast 5 plastic sacks,
F. do furrow: 1d selects the slope land of sandy loam in advance, weeds in ground are removed, play furrow wide 1 meter, long 2 meters, with 2 ℅ limewash, splash, the plastic sack of having sowed is put in furrow by the distance of gap 3～5cm, then soil is filled between gap, 3～5cm is thick for lid, water permeable rear formation rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual propagation ridge-up bed, when light is crossed strong or excess Temperature, with sunshade net, shade and spray spray water cooling, guarantee that in bag, temperature is no more than 30 ℃.
In the present invention, when after artificial pollination 15d, capsule starts variable color, should check every day, when fruit from hard to soft, from depth to shallow, fruit shows ripe color while splitting crack, itself and adjacent capsule are cut simultaneously and packed paper bag into, be placed on calm shady and cool place and preserve, must guard against sunlight and be exposed to the sun.
Due to the optimum temperature of the optimum temperature of gastrodia seed germination and the growth of symbiosis Germination Strain not too coincide (may be closely related with the biological property of seeds of Gastrodia elata), in cultivation, both needed the condition of considering that symbiotic germination bacteria growing is required, meet again temperature, humidity that seeds of Gastrodia elata germinates, could improve percentage of seedgermination and Output of Gastrodia elata simultaneously.The present invention adopts rational condition of culture and cultivation method, has reached the effect that improves seeds of Gastrodia elata germination rate and Output of Gastrodia elata.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: with conventional method, compare, the production cycle significantly shortens, and can realize suitability for industrialized production, has simplified production process; Not only can improve the percentage of seedgermination of rhizoma Gastrodiae, improve the reproduction coefficient of rhizoma Gastrodiae, improve the sexual propagation seed yield of rhizoma Gastrodiae, can also reduce the probability that miscellaneous bacteria infects, have operation simple, with low cost, save space, convenient management, the advantage such as safe and efficient.Adopt the inventive method to carry out the sexual propagation of rhizoma Gastrodiae, seeds of Gastrodia elata germination rate can, to more than 90%, higher than common Method of Sexal Reproduction of Gastrodia Elata Bl, have great importance on the large-scale industrial production of rhizoma Gastrodiae.The quality of Germination Strain and halimasch directly has influence on seeds of Gastrodia elata germination rate, therefore, the present invention innovates Germination Strain medium and the halimasch medium that adopts formula unique, with conditions such as rational temperature, illumination, times, turn out high-quality Germination Strain and halimasch, make its embryo of contaminating more efficiently seeds of Gastrodia elata, for it provides nutrition, promote gastrodia seed germination.Germination Strain medium in the present invention and halimasch culture medium raw material source are abundant, with low cost, and ratio range is clear and definite, is equipped with rational preparation method, on cultivation Germination Strain and halimasch, has unexpected good effect, are conducive to promote.Although have ten thousand seeds of 2-3 in 1 rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule, under field conditions (factors), germination rate is extremely low, adopts common Germination Strain to cultivate according to a conventional method, its germination rate also only has 40-60%; And adopt the inventive method not only can increase the probability that seeds of Gastrodia elata contacts with Germination Strain, halimasch, the input amount of reasonable distribution rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule, can also ensure after seeds of Gastrodia elata germinates and have more protocorm quantity, be better than rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual reproduction technique of the prior art.Conventional Method of Sexal Reproduction of Gastrodia Elata Bl adopts cave kind, and the present invention adopts plastic sack to cultivate, and be more convenient for production operation and management have also reached safety, health, efficient production object simultaneously.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, but it does not form limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A sexual propagation high-yield cultivating method, concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) cultivation of concomitance bacterium:
Collect Qinggang branch and leaf after fallen leaves autumn, after drying, according to Germination Strain culture medium prescription, is: Qinggang leaf 63%, Qinggang trees bits 25%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%.First leaf is pulverized to put in people's clear water and soak 20h, then pull out to drain and swim, admix again wheat bran, gypsum, sucrose, the moisture of mixing rear adjusting composts or fertilisers of cultivating thoroughly is 60%, finally packs in 15 * 33 * 0.05 polyethylene knuckle bacterium bag, 0.1KMp, 121 ℃ of sterilizing 3h, the little mushroom original seed of the cooling rear access stem of noble dendrobium, 22～24 ℃ of lucifuges cultivate after 90 days and obtain pure white sturdy, the tight Germination Strain of growing of mycelia.Simultaneously according to halimasch culture medium prescription: Qinggang tree shoot 70%, Qinggang trees bits 18%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%.First Qinggang is set to shoot and be cut into the long segment of 2cm, in clear water, soak 8～10h, then mix with wood chip, wheat bran etc., after poach, moisture is 60%～65%, finally pack in the seed bottle of 720ml, 0.1KMp, 121 ℃ of sterilizing 3h, cooling rear access AM-08 original seed, 22～24 ℃ of lucifuges cultivate that to obtain mycelial growth after 60d good, shoestring is healthy and strong, even, without the halimasch of living contaminants.
(2) plant numb sowing and artificial pollination:
Take out that the growth of storing for 10～December is intact, not damaged,, more than weight 150g red bar arrow fiber crops 1kg full without damage by disease and insect, terminal bud, in late Febuary, plant in the flowerpot of 32cm bore, every flowerpot is four arrow fiber crops, and the sand of water conservation good permeability is bed soil and overburden soil.Earthing is thick is 7cm sand, and it is unearthed that the indoor cultivation of 20～24 ℃ spends a kind of sedge to start elongation in 3 days afterwards, and at this moment water spray keeps air humidity 70%～80%, soil moisture 50% left and right.When flower a kind of sedge is inserted fixedly bamboo pole in case flower a kind of sedge is broken by wind plant is other while growing into 1m left and right, or fruit ear is overweight that plant is fractureed.After buddingging, remove 6～10 buds at top.After blooming, 9 point～12 of next day start pollination, and with xenogamy, for well, concrete grammar is that left hand is held scape and ovary gently, and the right hand stretches into the bamboo let of cutting in spending and is stained with pollen, and is placed on column cap exactly.After pollination 15d, capsule starts variable color, and from hard to soft, from depth to shallow, the fruit crack that splits, now cuts itself and adjacent capsule simultaneously and pack paper bag into color 20d fruit, is placed on calm shady and cool place, must guard against sunlight and is exposed to the sun.
(3) plastic bag cultivation:
A. prepare bacterium material: select Fagaceae Species diameter 3～8cm, be sawn into the stub of long 15～20cm, within every section minute, three faces are cut 6 large bacterium materials of fish scale interruption-forming, some less timber are made into the little bacterium material of 1～3cm * 5～8cm simultaneously, then with clear water soak pull out after 12～24h drain away the water standby;
B. prepare bacterium leaf: Fagaceae is fallen leaves then after collecting and is cut into the square fritter of 2～5cm, with 1 ℅ limewash, soak and pull out for 10 minutes, clear water flushing is standby;
C. preparation mixes inserts, wood chip stone sand is mixed according to 1:2 ratio, in mixed process with the phoxim baythion of 2000 times, the Imidacloprid of 2000 times, 0.1 ℅ liquor potassic permanganate sprinkling.And add clear water its humidity is controlled to 60%;
D. the seed dressing of seeds of Gastrodia elata and Germination Strain: Germination Strain is broken into the bacterium piece of 1～2cm size, then ripe seed is sprinkling upon on Germination Strain equably, packs in plastic sack room temperature lucifuge after knotting into and deposits 1～2d after mixing, see after mycelium germination standby;
E. sowing: first the plastic sack of 25 * 25 * 40cm is made a call to 12 holes of three rows (ventilative using) with iron nail, then at the bottom of mixing inserts being layered on to plastic sack, 3～5cm is thick, by gap 1～2cm, put the large bacterium material of one deck, with little bacterium material, fill the space between large bacterium material material again, incision at bacterium material and fish scale mouth place are sown into halimasch simultaneously, the Germination Strain that is mixed with seeds of Gastrodia elata being spread on to bacterium material, around, leaf to be sprinkled upon to surface thickness be equably 0.5～1cm again, the mixing inserts of the last thick 3～5cm of lid layer, then repeat above operation and broadcast second layer kind.Every bag of Germination Strain is admixed 15～20 rhizoma Gastrodiae capsules, and every bag of Germination Strain is broadcast 5 plastic sacks, obtains totally 150 cultivation plastic sacks.
F. do furrow: 1d selects the slope land of sandy loam in advance, weeds in ground are removed, play furrow wide 1 meter, long 2 meters, with 2 ℅ limewash, splash, the plastic sack of having sowed is put in furrow by the distance of gap 3～5cm, then soil is filled between gap, 3～5cm is thick for lid, water permeable rear formation rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual propagation ridge-up bed, when light is crossed strong and excess Temperature, can shade and spray spray water with sunshade net, cooling be to guarantee that in bag, temperature is no more than 30 ℃.Dig out December then, obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae zero generation kind 112.5kg altogether, average every bag of output is 0.75kg.
Embodiment 2
A sexual propagation high-yield cultivating method, concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) cultivation of concomitance bacterium:
Collect willow branch and leaf after fallen leaves autumn, is: Folium Pterocaryae 63%, willow wood chip 25%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1% after drying according to Germination Strain culture medium prescription.First leaf is pulverized to put in people's clear water and soak 20h, then pull out to drain and swim, admix again wheat bran, gypsum, sucrose, the moisture of mixing rear adjusting composts or fertilisers of cultivating thoroughly is 60%, finally packs in 15 * 33 * 0.05 polyethylene knuckle bacterium bag, 0.1KMp, 121 ℃ of sterilizing 3h, the little mushroom original seed of the cooling rear access stem of noble dendrobium, 22～24 ℃ of lucifuges cultivate after 90 days and obtain pure white sturdy, the tight Germination Strain of growing of mycelia.Simultaneously according to halimasch culture medium prescription: willow shoot 70%, willow wood chip 18%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%.First willow shoot is cut into the long segment of 2cm, in clear water, soak 8～10h, then mix with wood chip, wheat bran etc., after poach, moisture is 60%～65%, finally pack in the seed bottle of 720ml, 0.1KMp, 121 ℃ of sterilizing 3h, cooling rear access AM-08 original seed, 22～24 ℃ of lucifuges cultivate that to obtain mycelial growth after 60d good, shoestring is healthy and strong, even, without the halimasch of living contaminants.
(2) plant numb sowing and artificial pollination:
Take out that the growth of storing for 10～December is intact, not damaged,, more than weight 150g black bar arrow fiber crops 1kg full without damage by disease and insect, terminal bud, in late Febuary, plant in the flowerpot of 32cm bore, every flowerpot is four arrow fiber crops, and the sand of water conservation good permeability is bed soil and overburden soil.Earthing is thick is 7cm sand, and it is unearthed that the indoor cultivation of 20～24 ℃ spends a kind of sedge to start elongation in 5 days afterwards, and at this moment water spray keeps air humidity 70%～80%, soil moisture 50% left and right.When flower a kind of sedge is inserted fixedly bamboo pole in case flower a kind of sedge is broken by wind plant is other while growing into 1m left and right, or fruit ear is overweight that plant is fractureed.After buddingging, remove 6～10 buds at top.After blooming, 9 point～12 of next day start pollination, and with xenogamy, for well, concrete grammar is that left hand is held scape and ovary gently, and the right hand stretches into the bamboo let of cutting in spending and is stained with pollen, and is placed on column cap exactly.After pollination 15d, capsule starts variable color, and from hard to soft, from depth to shallow, the fruit crack that splits, now cuts itself and adjacent capsule simultaneously and pack paper bag into color 20d fruit, is placed on calm shady and cool place, must guard against sunlight and is exposed to the sun.
(3) plastic bag cultivation:
A. prepare bacterium material: select Fagaceae Species diameter 3～8cm, be sawn into the stub of long 15～20cm, within every section minute, three faces are cut 6 large bacterium materials of fish scale interruption-forming, some less timber are made into the little bacterium material of 1～3cm * 5～8cm simultaneously, then with clear water soak pull out after 12～24h drain away the water standby;
B. prepare bacterium leaf: Fagaceae is fallen leaves then after collecting and is cut into the square fritter of 2～5cm, with 1 ℅ limewash, soak and pull out for 10 minutes, clear water flushing is standby;
C. preparation mixes inserts, wood chip stone sand is mixed according to 1:2 ratio, in mixed process with the phoxim baythion of 2000 times) Imidacloprid of 2000 times, 0.1 ℅ liquor potassic permanganate sprinkling.And add clear water its humidity is controlled to 60%; The seed dressing of seeds of Gastrodia elata and Germination Strain: Germination Strain is broken into the bacterium piece of 1～2cm size, then ripe seed is sprinkling upon on Germination Strain equably, packs in plastic sack room temperature lucifuge after knotting into and deposits 1～2d after mixing, see after mycelium germination standby;
D. sowing: first the plastic sack of 25 * 25 * 40cm is made a call to 12 holes of three rows (ventilative using) with iron nail, then at the bottom of mixing inserts being layered on to plastic sack, 3～5cm is thick, by gap 1～2cm, put the large bacterium material of one deck, with little bacterium material, fill the space between large bacterium material material again, incision at bacterium material and fish scale mouth place are sown into halimasch simultaneously, the Germination Strain that is mixed with seeds of Gastrodia elata being spread on to bacterium material, around, leaf to be sprinkled upon to surface thickness be equably 0.5～1cm again, the mixing inserts of the last thick 3～5cm of lid layer, then repeat above operation and broadcast second layer kind.Every bag of Germination Strain is admixed 15～20 rhizoma Gastrodiae capsules, and every bag of Germination Strain is broadcast 5 plastic sacks, obtains totally 120 cultivation plastic sacks.
E. do furrow: 1d selects the slope land of sandy loam in advance, weeds in ground are removed, play furrow wide 1 meter, long 2 meters, with 2 ℅ limewash, splash, the plastic sack of having sowed is put in furrow by the distance of gap 3～5cm, then soil is filled between gap, 3～5cm is thick for lid, water permeable rear formation rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual propagation ridge-up bed, when light is crossed strong and excess Temperature, can shade and spray spray water with sunshade net, cooling be to guarantee that in bag, temperature is no more than 30 ℃.Dig out December then, obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae zero generation kind 75.5kg altogether, average every bag of output is 0.63kg.
Embodiment 3
A sexual propagation high-yield cultivating method, concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) cultivation of concomitance bacterium:
Collect Qinggang, willow and banyan autumn branch and leaf after fallen leaves mix, and are: mix leaf 63%, wood chip 25%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1% after drying according to Germination Strain culture medium prescription.First leaf is pulverized to put in people's clear water and soak 20h, then pull out to drain and swim, admix again wheat bran, gypsum, sucrose, the moisture of mixing rear adjusting composts or fertilisers of cultivating thoroughly is 60%, finally packs in 15 * 33 * 0.05 polyethylene knuckle bacterium bag, 0.1KMp, 121 ℃ of sterilizing 3h, the little mushroom original seed of the cooling rear access stem of noble dendrobium, 22～24 ℃ of lucifuges cultivate after 90 days and obtain pure white sturdy, the tight Germination Strain of growing of mycelia.Simultaneously according to halimasch culture medium prescription: shoot 70%, wood chip 18%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%.First shoot is cut into the long segment of 2cm, in clear water, soak 8～10h, then mix with wood chip, wheat bran etc., after poach, moisture is 60%～65%, finally pack in the seed bottle of 720ml, 0.1KMp, 121 ℃ of sterilizing 3h, cooling rear access AM-08 original seed, 22～24 ℃ of lucifuges cultivate that to obtain mycelial growth after 60d good, shoestring is healthy and strong, even, without the halimasch of living contaminants.
(2) plant numb sowing and artificial pollination:
Take out that the growth of storing for 10～December is intact, not damaged,, more than weight 150g green bar arrow fiber crops 1kg full without damage by disease and insect, terminal bud, in late Febuary, plant in the flowerpot of 32cm bore, every flowerpot is in four sisal hemps, and the sand of water conservation good permeability is bed soil and overburden soil.Earthing is thick is 7cm sand, and it is unearthed that the indoor cultivation of 20～24 ℃ spends a kind of sedge to start elongation in 5 days afterwards, and at this moment water spray keeps air humidity 70%～80%, soil moisture 50% left and right.When flower a kind of sedge is inserted fixedly bamboo pole in case flower a kind of sedge is broken by wind plant is other while growing into 1m left and right, or fruit ear is overweight that plant is fractureed.After buddingging, remove 6～10 buds at top.After blooming, 9 point～12 of next day start pollination, and with xenogamy, for well, concrete grammar is that left hand is held scape and ovary gently, and the right hand stretches into the bamboo let of cutting in spending and is stained with pollen, and is placed on column cap exactly.After pollination 15d, capsule starts variable color, and from hard to soft, from depth to shallow, the fruit crack that splits, now cuts itself and adjacent capsule simultaneously and pack paper bag into color 20d fruit, is placed on calm shady and cool place, must guard against sunlight and is exposed to the sun.
(3) plastic bag cultivation:
A. prepare bacterium material: select Fagaceae Species diameter 3～8cm, be sawn into the stub of long 15～20cm, within every section minute, three faces are cut 6 large bacterium materials of fish scale interruption-forming, some less timber are made into the little bacterium material of 1～3cm * 5～8cm simultaneously, then with clear water soak pull out after 12～24h drain away the water standby;
B. prepare bacterium leaf: Fagaceae is fallen leaves then after collecting and is cut into the square fritter of 2～5cm, with 1 ℅ limewash, soak and pull out for 10 minutes, clear water flushing is standby;
C. preparation mixes inserts, wood chip stone sand is mixed according to 1:2 ratio, in mixed process with the phoxim baythion of 2000 times) Imidacloprid of 2000 times, 0.1 ℅ liquor potassic permanganate sprinkling.And add clear water its humidity is controlled to 60%;
D. the seed dressing of seeds of Gastrodia elata and Germination Strain: Germination Strain is broken into the bacterium piece of 1～2cm size, then ripe seed is sprinkling upon on Germination Strain equably, packs in plastic sack room temperature lucifuge after knotting into and deposits 1～2d after mixing, see after mycelium germination standby;
E. sowing: first the plastic sack of 25 * 25 * 40cm is made a call to 12 holes of three rows (ventilative using) with iron nail, then at the bottom of mixing inserts being layered on to plastic sack, 3～5cm is thick, by gap 1～2cm, put the large bacterium material of one deck, with little bacterium material, fill the space between large bacterium material material again, incision at bacterium material and fish scale mouth place are sown into halimasch simultaneously, the Germination Strain that is mixed with seeds of Gastrodia elata being spread on to bacterium material, around, leaf to be sprinkled upon to surface thickness be equably 0.5～1cm again, the mixing inserts of the last thick 3～5cm of lid layer, then repeat above operation and broadcast second layer kind.Every bag of Germination Strain is admixed 15～20 rhizoma Gastrodiae capsules, and every bag of Germination Strain is broadcast 5 plastic sacks, obtains totally 130 cultivation plastic sacks.
F. do furrow: 1d selects the slope land of sandy loam in advance, weeds in ground are removed, play furrow wide 1 meter, long 2 meters, with 2 ℅ limewash, splash, the plastic sack of having sowed is put in furrow by the distance of gap 3～5cm, then soil is filled between gap, 3～5cm is thick for lid, water permeable rear formation rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual propagation ridge-up bed, when light is crossed strong and excess Temperature, can shade and spray spray water with sunshade net, cooling be to guarantee that in bag, temperature is no more than 30 ℃.Dig out December then, obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae zero generation kind 83.5kg altogether, average every bag of output is 0.64kg.
Claims (9)
1. a high-yield cultivating method for rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual propagation, is characterized in that: mainly comprise the following steps:
(1) cultivation of concomitance bacterium: branch and the leaves of collecting in a large number in autumn broad-leaved trees after fallen leaves, dry the rear good matrix as producing Germination Strain and halimasch cultivated species, preparation Germination Strain medium and halimasch medium, carry out the cultivation of Germination Strain and halimasch;
(2) plant numb sowing and artificial pollination: in 10～December, select the arrow fiber crops of weight 150g～300g to do kind of fiber crops, the kind fiber crops of choosing are put into shady and cool place, until kind of a skin, dry in the air when turning white, method by 1 layer of humus soil of 1 layer of kind fiber crops or sawdust sand packs wooden case or storage pond into, puts in the place, cool place of 3～5 ℃ of temperature, humidity 20% or refrigerating chamber and stores; Take out the sisal hemp storing late Febuary in next year to mid-March and start sowing, treat the numb bolting of arrow fiber crops kind, the laggard row artificial pollination of blooming;
(3) plastic bag cultivation: win capsule as seeds of Gastrodia elata after rhizoma Gastrodiae maturation, preparation bacterium material, bacterium leaf and mixing inserts, by after seeds of Gastrodia elata and Germination Strain seed dressing, with halimasch, bacterium material can together be sown in plastic sack, finally lain against and in furrow, be made into sexual propagation bed, dig out December then, obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae zero generation kind hemp; Specifically comprise the following steps:
A. prepare bacterium material: the Fagaceae Species of selecting diameter 3～8cm, be sawn into the stub of long 15～20cm, within every section minute, three faces are cut 6 large bacterium materials of fish scale interruption-forming, some less timber are made into the little bacterium material of 1～3cm * 5～8cm simultaneously, then with clear water soak pull out after 12～24h drain away the water standby;
B. prepare bacterium leaf: Fagaceae is fallen leaves then after collecting and is cut into the square fritter of 2～5cm, with 1 ℅ limewash, soak and pull out for 10 minutes, clear water rinses standby afterwards;
C. preparation mixes inserts: wood chip is mixed according to 1:2 ratio with sandy soil/Shi Sha, in mixed process, with the dichlorvos or the phoxim baythion that dilute 2000 times, dilute the Imidacloprid of 2000 times, and 0.1 ℅ liquor potassic permanganate sprinkling, and add clear water its humidity is controlled to 60%;
D. the seed dressing of seeds of Gastrodia elata and Germination Strain: the bacterium piece of 1～2cm size is torn or broken into Germination Strain, then ripe seeds of Gastrodia elata is sprinkling upon on Germination Strain equably, after mixing, pack in plastic sack, after knotting, room temperature lucifuge is deposited 1～2d, sees after mycelium germination standby;
E. sowing: first the plastic sack of 25 * 25 * 40cm is made a call to 12 holes of three rows with iron nail, then at the bottom of mixing inserts being layered on to plastic sack, 3～5cm is thick, by gap 1～2cm, put the large bacterium material of one deck, with little bacterium material, fill the space between large bacterium material material again, incision at bacterium material and fish scale mouth place are sown into halimasch simultaneously, again the Germination Strain that is mixed with seeds of Gastrodia elata is spread on to bacterium material, around, bacterium leaf is sprinkled upon to surface equably, thickness is 0.5～1cm, the mixing inserts of the last thick 3～5cm of lid layer, repeat again above operation and broadcast second layer kind, every bag of Germination Strain is admixed 15～20 rhizoma Gastrodiae capsules, every bag of Germination Strain is broadcast 5 plastic sacks,
F. do furrow: 1d selects the slope land of sandy loam in advance, weeds in ground are removed, play furrow wide 1 meter, long 2 meters, with 2 ℅ limewash, splash, the plastic sack of having sowed is put in furrow by the distance of gap 3～5cm, then soil is filled between gap, 3～5cm is thick for lid, water permeable rear formation rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual propagation ridge-up bed, when light is crossed strong or excess Temperature, with sunshade net, shade and spray spray water cooling, guarantee that in bag, temperature is no more than 30 ℃.
2. a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual propagation high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the Germination Strain culture medium prescription in described step (1) is: broad-leaved tree leaf 63%, hardwood sawdust 25%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%; Preparation method soaks 20h for first leaf being pulverized to put in people's clear water, then pulls out to drain and swims, then admix wheat bran, gypsum, sucrose, and the moisture of mixing rear composts or fertilisers of cultivating thoroughly is 60%～65%, finally fills bacterium bag, sterilizing, inoculation, 22～24 ℃ of lucifuges cultivations; Pure white sturdy, the growth of the mycelia of gained Germination Strain closely, cell age 88～92d.
3. according to the arbitrary described a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual propagation high-yield cultivating method of claim 1-2, it is characterized in that: the halimasch culture medium prescription in described step (1) is: broad-leaved tree shoot 70%, hardwood sawdust 18%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%; First broad-leaved tree shoot is cut into the long segment of 2cm, soaks 8～10h in clear water, then mix with wood chip, wheat bran etc., after poach, moisture is 60%～65%, and finally bottling, sterilizing, inoculation, 22～24 ℃ of lucifuges are cultivated; The mycelial growth of gained halimasch is good, and shoestring is healthy and strong, even, without living contaminants, and cell age 58～62d.
4. a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual propagation high-yield cultivating method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described Germination Strain is the little mushroom of the stem of noble dendrobium, and halimasch is AM-08.
5. a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual propagation high-yield cultivating method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the polyethylene knuckle bacterium bag that described cultivation Germination Strain bacterium bag used is 15 * 33 * 0.05.
6. a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual propagation high-yield cultivating method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the plastics seed bottle that described cultivation halimasch bacterium bottle used is 720ml.
7. a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual propagation high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the sowing kind fiber crops in described step (2) refer to selects flowerpot or grog basket as cultivation bed, select the sand of water conservation good permeability as bed soil, seeding row spacing 10cm * 10cm, will plant numb terminal bud upward during sowing, then cover thick 7cm sand, when terminal bud is unearthed and spends a kind of sedge to start to extend, spray water and keep pollination indoor humidity 70%～80%, soil moisture 48～52%, and build cool canopy; At bolting, bloom, fruiting period waters in time, keeps ground moistening, and at the other fixedly bamboo pole of inserting of plant, removes 6～10 buds at top after buddingging; Artificial pollination refers in the rear left have gentle hands of blooming gently holds scape and ovary, and the right hand stretches into the bamboo let of cutting to be stained with pollen in spending and to be placed on column cap.
8. a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual propagation high-yield cultivating method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: when described artificial pollination is 9 point～12 of same day of blooming at rhizoma Gastrodiae and next day, carry out xenogamy.
9. a kind of rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual propagation high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the broad-leaved tree in described step (1) refers to Qing Gangshu.
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