CN102523881A - Industrial cultivation method for dendrobium candidum - Google Patents
Industrial cultivation method for dendrobium candidum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an industrial cultivation method for dendrobium candidum, belonging to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation. The industrial cultivation method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps of: taking freshly wild dendrobium candidum seeds as a raw material, thereby obtaining a dendrobium candidum sterile cultivating system; the industrial cultivation method comprises related technologies, such as seed treatment, seedling propagation, seedling tissue-cultivation and seedling training, transplantation and the like, so that the source of the dendrobium candidum seedlings and the geo-authentic character of the seedlings are effectively ensured; compared with the conventional seedling propagation, the seedling propagation speed is increased by 37%, the seedling training and transplantation survival rates are increased to above 90%, and the yield is increased by above 30%; and compared with the active ingredient content of wild dendrobium candidum, the dendrobium candidum, cultivated according to the method disclosed by the invention, comprises a same polysaccharide content as the wild dendrobium candidum, and slightly higher amino acid content as well as trace-element content than the wild dendrobium candidum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of medicinal plant dendrobium candidum, relate in particular to the dendrobium candidum industrial planting method.
Background technology
Dendrobium candidum is improved seeds of the stem of noble dendrobium, the another name ribbed hedyotis herb, and herbaceous plant grows nonparasitically upon another plant for the orchid family is perennial.Dendrobium candidum has unique medical value, is used as medicine with its stem, and the Chinese medicine name is the stem of noble dendrobium, belongs to the yin tonics in the tonic, " Chinese pharmacopoeia: reinforcing stomach reg fluid, nourishing Yin and clearing heat, occupy first of " nine immortals grass ".The tender stem of minority kinds such as dendrobium candidum is twisted into helical form or spring-like, dries, and commodity are called earrings dendrobium, has another name called the maple bucket.For many years, because producing region medicinal herb grower's destructiveness is excavated, make that wild dendrobium candidum resource is endangered, country classifies it as Chinese Second Class Key Protected Plant traditional Chinese medicine in imminent danger.
In recent years, China has had some scientific research institutions and business unit that the group training and the artificial cultivation technique of dendrobium candidum have been carried out continuous exploration and test.Though stem of noble dendrobium industry begins to take shape, obtained certain breakthrough simultaneously technically, to protecting open-air provenance, improve masses' income and also brought into play very big effect, this industry remains in following problem:
1, slow, the training tissue culture seedling of seedling reproductive speed, transplanting survival rate are low, have greatly limited the development scale and the speed of dendrobium candidum batch production.At present, mainly employing group of dendrobium candidum artificial planting is cultivated seedling, cuttage and seedling culture and three kinds of modes of branch root and stem of certain plants breeding.These three kinds of mode batch production are produced and cultivated seedling with group again is best, but problems such as still immature, the miscarriage of candidum tissue culturing technology at present cause that the seedling reproductive speed is slow, training tissue culture seedling, transplanting survival rate are low.
2, the dendrobium candidum growth rate is slow, output is not high, active constituent content is low.Such as dendrobium candidum fails to use sufficient base manure, topdresses when artificial planting, fails to control well temperature, humidity all can cause its growth rate and output not to catch up with, even can produce some damage by disease and insect etc.
So the seedling reproductive speed of raising dendrobium candidum, survival rate, growth rate, output and the active constituent content of tissue cultivating seedling are the matter of great urgency.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide " four high one is fast " industrial planting method that a kind of seedlings of Dendrobium officinale reproductive speed is fast, the refining shoot survival percent is high, transplanting survival rate is high, output is high, active constituent content is high.
The object of the invention can be realized through following technical scheme:
The dendrobium candidum industrial planting method comprises following concrete steps:
1, expansion is numerous:
The seed of handling through disinfectant program, is put in the medium of MS minimal medium+NAA (a-naphthoic acid) 0.4mg/L+ murphy juice 20% (V/V)+agar 7g/L, carried out seed germination and cultivate; 22～25 ℃ of cultivation temperature, illumination every day 10 hours, light intensity 1800～2500lx; Seed changes green gradually after about 2 weeks; Formed protocorm in two months, and saw, can see that protocorm has needle to occur with magnifying glass; Protocorm is changed in MS minimal medium+BA (6-benzyladenine) 0.2mg/L+ murphy juice 20% (V/V)+agar 7g/L medium; Carry out protocorm propagation, differentiation culture; Can be observed a bottle interior protocorm in about 2 months and differentiate seedling; About high about 1cm, simultaneous has the new protocorm of part to produce; Seedling is changed in the medium of MS minimal medium+NAA0.3mg/L+ murphy juice 20% (V/V)+agar 8g/L; Carrying out strengthening seedling and rooting cultivates; Can be observed the middle seedling that seedling develops into 2.0～3.5cm in about 2 months, middle seedling is transferred in the same medium again, carry out seedlings again and cultivate; Can turn out the above seedlings of 5cm height in about 2 months, but the seedlings bottle outlet refines seedling, transplanting.
2. refining seedling:
Tissue cultivating seedling is in the idealized gnotobasis of Artificial Control temperature, illumination, moisture and nutrient when cultivating in group training chamber; After being transplanted to the external world; The condition approaching with the laboratory need be provided as far as possible, progressively be transformed into natural conditions and make it adapt to external environment, the process from the heterotrophism to the autotrophy.
The seedlings of choosing are taken off from culturing rack; Handle with care; Move on to rapidly in the booth of double-deck sunshade net (overcast and rainy and morning time can draw back the sunshade net) at dusk; Be placed on equably on the ground, can not ventilate (if having seeding room's method to change to some extent) around guaranteeing, a past bottle wall specking water (preserve moisture, lower the temperature) when temperature is somewhat high at noon; Raise one deck sunshade net after 24 hours, preserve moisture; After 48 hours turn on lid, but do not take down (half ventilative state), preserve moisture; Take down (full impregnated gaseity) to lid entirely after 72 hours, in time preserve moisture toward the interior water spray of bottle; Being bottle green until stem can transplant.
3. preparation, sterilization matrix:
Dendrobium candidum is at substrate composition peat: bark: wood shavings=2: 4: 4; In the base bilayer shades booth, carry out, set up the implant bed cultivation, the liftoff 20cm of bed is high built on stilts, wide 2m, long 21m.Bark, wood shavings and thin sawdust need to use after the thermophilic digestion fermentation process.
In summer high temperature season, in booth, pile 1.2m height, the wide matrix heap of 2.5m to matrix, matrix is squirted, make water content of substrate surpass 80%, cover the matrix heap with plastic film then, be enclosed within the booth.Every separated 10d opens the film turning 1 time, and the after fermentation of 5～6 matrix brownings of turning is complete, spreads matrix out the cooling back and packs subsequent use.Peat does not process.After with agitator each matrix evenly being mixed in proportion, be routed in the implant bed.Spray 0.05% bromogeramine solution sterilization before the transplanting.
4. transplant:
Tissue cultivating seedling bottle seedling water is filled with, jiggled bottle, together pour in the basin together with medium; Can not hale firmly and pull, unified selection plant height 2.5cm, with the seedling of 2～3 roots cleans the medium and the bacterium source of root with clear water; Soak 3min with 800 times of carbendazim again; Be transplanted in the implant bed 3 strains, 1 cave, cave line-spacing 14cm * 14cm again.Water normal root water after the transplanting, irrigate with matrix and be as the criterion.Regularly spray 4～5 every day during maintenance, and humidity remains on about 80%, treats to gradually reduce the spraying number of times after new root grows.
5. gather:
Gather period: traditionally, gathering of traditional Chinese medicine all is when output (biomass) is the highest, to carry out, and this has in fact only considered the factor of picking time, and when prior its active ingredient of also should seeing reaches the accumulation peak.To the difference of the same medicinal material purpose of curing the disease, active ingredient is different often, and the different effective composition also just might just can reach its highest accumulation in different periods.So when selecting picking time, should consider output, consider quality (active ingredient) again, the height that should see different active constituent contents sees that again same composition is to the cure the disease size (in mathematic(al) representation, representing with weights) of purpose role of difference.
Collecting method: downcut the strain clump closely partly with cutter, stay surplus continued growth.Medicinal have two kinds of the bright stem of noble dendrobium and dendrobium chrysanthums, even can gathering of the bright stem of noble dendrobium four seasons, but not adopt person's matter good after autumn.Dig Hui Houru and then be positioned over slabstone ground or the sandstone ground that has small amount of moisture in winter, moistening with low amounts of water, also can lie in the bamboo basket, the loam cake rush bag is noted circulation of air, and is promptly pharmaceutically acceptable.
Have following beneficial effect through technical scheme of the present invention:
Effectively solve the source of seedlings of Dendrobium officinale and the idiomaticity of seedling, compare with tradition kind seedling and propagating, the reproductive speed of seedling has improved 37%, and refining seedling, transplanting survival rate are brought up to more than 90%, and output improves more than 30%; Compare with the active constituent content of wild dendrobium candidum, the Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide content of the present invention's cultivation is suitable with wild dendrobium candidum, and amino acid, micronutrient levels are a little more than wild dendrobium candidum content.
Embodiment
Further set forth technical characterstic of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
1, expansion is numerous:
The capsule seed that wild dendrobium candidum original producton location is ripe soaks 10min with 1% clorox after adopting back and cleaning up, and uses the clear water wash clean again, uses emerge in worm water 15min then; Wrapping with bundle is placed in the clean culture dish again, keeps moistening, treat that it splits after; Put in the medium of MS minimal medium+NAA (a-naphthoic acid) 0.4mg/L+ murphy juice 20% (V/V)+agar 7g/L, carry out seed germination and cultivate 22～25 ℃ of cultivation temperature; Illumination every day 10 hours, light intensity 1800～2500lx, seed changes green gradually after about 2 weeks; Formed protocorm in 1 month, and saw, can see that protocorm has needle to occur with putting mirror; Protocorm is changed in MS minimal medium+BA (6-benzyladenine) 0.2mg/L+ murphy juice 20% (V/V)+agar 7g/L medium; Carry out protocorm increment, differentiation culture; Can be observed a bottle interior protocorm in about 1 month and differentiate seedling; About high about 1cm, simultaneous has the new protocorm of part to produce; Seedling is changed in the medium of MS minimal medium+NAA0.3mg/L+ murphy juice 20% (V/V)+agar 8g/L; Carrying out strengthening seedling and rooting cultivates; Can be observed the middle seedling that seedling develops into 2.0～3.5cm in about 2 months, middle seedling is transferred in the same medium again, carry out seedlings again and cultivate; Can turn out the above seedlings of 5cm height in about 2 months, but the seedlings bottle outlet is practiced seedling, transplanting.
2. refining seedling:
The seedlings of choosing are taken off from culturing rack; Handle with care; Move on to rapidly in the booth of double-deck sunshade net (overcast and rainy and morning time can draw back the sunshade net) at dusk; Be placed on equably on the ground, can not ventilate (if having seeding room's method to change to some extent) around guaranteeing, a past bottle wall specking water (preserve moisture, lower the temperature) when temperature is somewhat high at noon; Raise one deck sunshade net after 24 hours, preserve moisture; After 48 hours turn on lid, but do not take down (half ventilative state), preserve moisture; Take down (full impregnated gaseity) to lid entirely after 72 hours, in time preserve moisture toward the interior water spray of bottle; Being bottle green until stem can transplant.
3. the preparation of matrix, sterilization:
Described substrate composition is peat (Taihu Lake, Suzhou): bark: wood shavings=2: 4: 4; In the booth of the double-deck sunshade net in base, carry out, set up the implant bed cultivation, the liftoff 20cm of bed is high built on stilts, wide 2m, long 21m.
Bark, wood shavings and thin sawdust need to use after the fermentation process.In summer high temperature season, in booth, pile 1.2m height, the wide matrix heap of 2.5m to matrix, matrix is squirted, make water content of substrate surpass 80%, cover the matrix heap with plastic film then, be enclosed within the booth.Every separated 10d opens the film turning 1 time, and the after fermentation of 5～6 matrix brownings of turning is complete, spreads matrix out the cooling back and packs subsequent use.Peat does not process.After with agitator each matrix evenly being mixed in proportion, be routed in the implant bed.Spray 0.05% bromogeramine solution sterilization before the transplanting.
4. transplant:
Tissue cultivating seedling bottle seedling water is filled with, jiggled bottle, together pour in the basin together with medium; Can not hale firmly and pull, unified selection plant height 2.5cm, with the seedling of 2～3 roots cleans the medium and the bacterium source of root with clear water; Soak 3min with 800 times of carbendazim again; Be transplanted in the implant bed 3 strains, 1 cave, cave line-spacing 14cm * 14cm again.Water normal root water after the transplanting, irrigate with matrix and be as the criterion.Spray the 1/2MS nutrient solution about 4 days one time.Regularly spray 4～5 every day during maintenance, and humidity remains on about 85%, treats to gradually reduce the spraying number of times after new root grows.When the new root of 3-5 bar, can suitably spray 800 times of urea, impel it to nourish and grow.
Above-mentioned expansion is numerous, refining seedling and transplanting in the process of management, should be according to local conditions, according to the scientific management of national GAP quality control procedure.
Compare with tradition kind seedling and propagating, the reproductive speed of seedling has improved 37%, and refining seedling, transplanting survival rate are brought up to more than 90%, and output improves more than 30%; Compare with the active constituent content of wild dendrobium candidum, the Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide content of the present invention's cultivation is suitable with wild dendrobium candidum, and amino acid, micronutrient levels are a little more than wild dendrobium candidum content.
Claims (4)
1. dendrobium candidum industrial planting method is characterized in that: comprise following concrete steps:
1) expansion is numerous:
The seed handled through disinfectant program, is put into and consisted of: in the medium of the agar of the NAA of MS minimal medium, 0.4mg/L, 20% murphy juice and 7g/L, carry out seed germination and cultivate;
Form protocorm after 1 month, protocorm is changed over to consist of: in the medium of the agar of the BA of MS minimal medium, 0.2mg/L, 20% murphy juice and 7g/L, carry out protocorm propagation, differentiation culture;
Protocorm differentiates the high seedling in 1cm ± 0.2 after 1 month, seedling is changed over to consist of: in the medium of MS minimal medium, NAA0.3mg/L, murphy juice 20% and agar 8g/L, carry out strengthening seedling and rooting and cultivate;
Seedling develops into the middle seedling of 2.0～3.5cm after 2 months, and middle seedling is transferred in the same medium again, carries out seedlings again and cultivates; Turn out the above seedlings of high 5cm after 2 months, but the seedlings bottle outlet is practiced seedling, transplanting;
2) refining seedling:
Seedlings are taken off from culturing rack, move on to rapidly in the booth of double-deck sunshade net, be placed on equably on the ground, can not ventilate around guaranteeing, and when temperature is somewhat high at noon toward a bottle wall specking water; Raise one deck sunshade net after 24 hours, preserve moisture; After 48 hours turn on lid, but do not take down, preserve moisture; Take down lid entirely after 72 hours, in time preserve moisture toward the interior water spray of bottle; Stem until seedling becomes bottle green to transplant;
3) preparation, sterilization matrix:
Described substrate composition is: peat: bark: wood shavings=2: 4: 4; Bark, wood shavings and thin sawdust need to use after the thermophilic digestion fermentation process; In the double-deck sunshade net booth of base, set up the implant bed cultivation, the liftoff high 20cm of bed is built on stilts, wide 2m, long 21m.
4) transplant:
Tissue cultivating seedling bottle seedling water is filled with, jiggled bottle, together pour in the basin, select plant height 2.5cm,, clean the medium and the bacterium source of root with clear water with the seedling of 2～3 roots together with medium; Be transplanted in the implant bed 3 strains, 1 cave, cave line-spacing 14cm * 14cm after soaking 3min with 800 times of carbendazim again; Water normal root water after the transplanting, irrigate with matrix and be as the criterion; Regularly spray 4～5 every day during maintenance, and humidity remains on 80 ± 2%, treats to gradually reduce the spraying number of times after new root grows;
5) gather:
Downcut the strain clump closely partly with cutter, stay surplus continued growth, even can gathering of the bright stem of noble dendrobium four seasons; Dig the Hui Houru chance and then be positioned over slabstone ground or the sandstone ground that has small amount of moisture winter, moistening with low amounts of water, also can lie in the bamboo basket; The loam cake rush bag is noted circulation of air, and is promptly pharmaceutically acceptable.
2. dendrobium candidum industrial planting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step 1), described seed germination cultivation temperature is 22～25 ℃, illumination every day 10 hours, light intensity 1800～2500lx.
3. dendrobium candidum industrial planting method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: in the step 3), described matrix thermophilic digestion fermentation processing method is: in summer high temperature season, in booth, pile 1.2m height, the wide matrix heap of 2.5m to matrix; Matrix is squirted; Make water content of substrate surpass 80%, cover the matrix heap with plastic film then, be enclosed within the booth; Every open the film turning 1 time at a distance from 10d, the after fermentation of 5～6 matrix brownings of turning is complete, and it is subsequent use to spread matrix the pack of out cooling back, and peat does not process; After with agitator each matrix evenly being mixed in proportion, be routed in the implant bed; Spray 0.05% bromogeramine solution sterilization before the transplanting.
4. dendrobium candidum industrial planting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step 5), the bright stem of noble dendrobium is being gathered after autumn.
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| CN102845294A (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2013-01-02 | 杜中平 | Method for cultivating and planting stereoscopic dendrobium |
| CN102960245A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-03-13 | 江阴振江生物科技有限公司 | Artificial breeding and cultivating method of Dendrobium officinale |
| CN102972269A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-20 | 杭州苗盛生态农业科技有限公司 | Aeroponic method of dendrobium officinale |
| CN102972267A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-03-20 | 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Cuttage seedling method for dendrobium candidum |
| CN102972183A (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2013-03-20 | 红河州巨丰生物科技有限公司 | Method for industrially cultivating dendrobium candidum |
| CN103039225A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-04-17 | 李奋勇 | Floating exercising seedling and cultivating method of dendrobium officinale tissue culture seedling |
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| CN104351052A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-02-18 | 大连隆凤祥生态农业科技有限公司 | Dendrobium candidum sprouting and rooting culture medium, and preparation method and cultivation method thereof |
| CN104542207A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-04-29 | 安徽省霍山县益生源生态农业开发有限公司 | Back-to-field planting method for artificially-cultivated dendrobe |
| CN105010148A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-11-04 | 江西瑞富生物科技有限公司 | Grading standard establishment method for dendrobium candidum tissue culture seedlings and transplanting method adopting grading standard of dendrobium candidum tissue culture seedlings |
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| CN102972267A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-03-20 | 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Cuttage seedling method for dendrobium candidum |
| CN103039225A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-04-17 | 李奋勇 | Floating exercising seedling and cultivating method of dendrobium officinale tissue culture seedling |
| CN103039225B (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-03-12 | 李奋勇 | Floating exercising seedling and cultivating method of dendrobium officinale tissue culture seedling |
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| CN103814714A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-05-28 | 河北农业大学 | Flower cultivation method |
| CN104542207A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-04-29 | 安徽省霍山县益生源生态农业开发有限公司 | Back-to-field planting method for artificially-cultivated dendrobe |
| CN104351052A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-02-18 | 大连隆凤祥生态农业科技有限公司 | Dendrobium candidum sprouting and rooting culture medium, and preparation method and cultivation method thereof |
| CN105010148A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-11-04 | 江西瑞富生物科技有限公司 | Grading standard establishment method for dendrobium candidum tissue culture seedlings and transplanting method adopting grading standard of dendrobium candidum tissue culture seedlings |
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