CN102612964A - Imitated wild gastrodia elata cultivation method through sexual propagation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an imitated wild gastrodia elata cultivation method through sexual propagation. The imitated wild gastrodia elata cultivation method comprises the steps of the preparation of fallen leaves and cut logs, the cultivation of germinating bacteria and armillariella twigs, the preparation of seeds, land selection and preparation, seeding, field management and harvesting. According to the cultivation method disclosed by the invention, forest resources are fully utilized to develop under-forest resources so as to harvest under-forest non-wood products, and therefore forest vegetation destruction is reduced; as the method adopts a growing environment the same as wild gastrodia elata, geoherbalism of the cultivated gastrodia elata is ensured, the excavation of wild gastrodia elata is also reduced, and therefore wild gastrodia elata resources are effectively protected.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, relate to the plant sexual reproduction technique, be specifically related to the sexual multiplication cultivation method of a kind of medicine food dual purpose plant rhizoma Gastrodiae under imitative wild condition.
Background technology
Rhizoma Gastrodiae (Gastrodia elata B1.) is under the jurisdiction of the medicine food dual purpose plant of the blue subfamily Gastrodia of the orchid family rhizoma Gastrodiae subgenus, and its unrooted does not have leaf, and the main halimasch mycelia that relies in its body of decomposition intrusion is kept growth.Mainly be distributed in provinces such as Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shaanxi, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Tibet at China's rhizoma Gastrodiae, also there is distribution countries such as external Korea, area, Siberia, Japan, India and Sillim.Mainly contain materials such as Gastrodin (gastrodin), Pai Lixin (parishin), rhizoma Gastrodiae ether glucoside (rhizoma gastrodiae alkali gastrodioside), gastrodin unit, succinic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid, citric acid, citric acid mono-methyl, the two methyl esters of citric acid, retinoid material, sucrose and palmitic acid in the rhizoma Gastrodiae; Be commonly used and famousr and precious Chinese medicine; The history that it was used as medicine existing two over thousands of years; Cure mainly diseases such as lumbago, skelalgia of rheumatism, facial paralysis, four limbs spasm, extremity numbness, dizziness and headache, infantile convulsion, coronary heart disease; Be the important source material of China's pharmaceuticals industry, day sinks is as high-altitude flight personnel's brain health medicine simultaneously.
Because of many uses, the demand of rhizoma Gastrodiae is big and have no side effect, very popular, rely on for many years always and excavate Wild gastrodia hyoscine or edible, natural resources is seriously damaged.From the end of the fifties in last century to the sixties, since provinces such as China Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi have carried out the research work that the wild change man of rhizoma Gastrodiae plants in succession, realized the artificial cultivation of rhizoma Gastrodiae.To chemical composition and pharmacological research report was arranged all from wild domestication, vegetative propagation, sexual propagation, the cultured in vitro of Wild gastrodia.The artificial cultivation of rhizoma Gastrodiae farmland out of question, fertilizer and labour, and small investment, instant effect, remarkable in economical benefits are particularly suitable for promoting in the mountain area development.Yet existing rhizoma Gastrodiae artificial cultivation method causes a large amount of forest covers to be cut down, heavy damage ecotope.For this reason, under the prerequisite that guarantees better ecotope, it is imperative to explore the tame new technology of rhizoma Gastrodiae.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to deficiency, the rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual multiplication cultivation method under a kind of effective conservation of nature ecotope, the imitative wild condition is provided to prior art.
The object of the invention is achieved through following technical scheme.
* except as otherwise noted, the percentage that the present invention adopted is mass percent.
A kind of gastrodia tuber imitative wild sexual reproduction cultivation method may further comprise the steps:
1, fallen leaves and section wood are prepared: collect the fallen leaves and the branch of Fagaceae seeds of deciduous species, the diameter of branch is 1.0-2.5cm, and its saw is grown into the Duan Mu of 5-8cm, before cultivation, soaks respectively with clear water in 7-10 days and falls leaves and Duan Mu fully absorbs water it, and is subsequent use;
2, Germination Strain is cultivated: the fallen leaves in the step 1 are mixed with wheat bran, gypsum and sucrose, in the container of the 500ml that packs into after mixing thoroughly, seal, pass through autoclave sterilization again after, under aseptic condition, carry out Germination Strain inoculation, cultivation, subsequent use; Wherein, fallen leaves: wheat bran: gypsum: sucrose is 78%: 20%: 1%: 1%;
3, halimasch bacterium branch is cultivated: digging out the cultivation hole the annual 3-4 month, spreading one deck fallen leaves in bottom, cultivation hole, the interval that tiles then is wooden; On Duan Mu, sow one deck halimasch three-class strain equably, the interval wood that tiles again, cover sand loam; The thickness of sandy loam with just between the section of covering completely wood and Duan Mu the space be as the criterion; With identical method tiling 6-8 interval wood and halimasch three-class strain, each layer all needs the cover sand loam, the last sandy loam that on top layer Duan Mu, covers a bed thickness 15-20cm again; Cover one deck trees litter again with heat and moisture preserving, cultivate subsequent use after 40-60 days; The hole in said cultivation hole is wide to be 40-60cm, dark 30-50cm, long 1-2m;
4, seed is prepared: ripe seeds of Gastrodia elata and step 2 are cultivated the Germination Strain that obtains mix thoroughly, add contained grain weight in the individual ripe rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule of 8-10 in every 500ml Germination Strain, be placed on indoor cultivation 5-7 days, and subsequent use;
5, choosing ground, whole ground: selecting the gradient is 20 °-30 °, the broad leaved forest forest land of sandy loam soil property; Before cultivation, chose the live tree of base footpath in 7-10 days greater than 8cm; Dig the cultivation hole in usage tree root alive one side that is positioned at slope side; After the cultivation hole was dug, every interval 4-6cm cut out the fish scale mouth one on the tree root that exposes out, and the undercut degree of depth is just to cut xylem degree of being; Wherein, cultivation hole size is that the center of circle, radius are the fan-shaped hole of 30-60cm with the usage tree root of living, and fan-shaped radian is the 1/4-1/3 of the tree circumference of living, and the degree of depth is 3-6cm;
Also can choose the withered stub of base footpath greater than 8cm, around withered stub, dig the cultivation hole, after the cultivation hole was dug, every interval 4-6cm cut out the fish scale mouth one on the tree root that exposes out, and the undercut degree of depth is just to cut xylem degree of being; Wherein cultivation hole size is the center of circle with withered stub, and radius is the annular hole of 30-60cm, and the degree of depth is 3-6cm;
6, sowing: the annual 5-7 month, the fallen leaves that in cultivation hole bottom tiling one deck step 1, obtain are cultivated the seeds of Gastrodia elata and the Germination Strain mix that obtain with step 4 and are broadcasted sowing equably on the fallen leaves; 250ml is broadcasted sowing in each cultivation hole; The fallen leaves that obtain with step 1 cover the seed mix fully, and then the halimasch bacterium branch that obtains in the step 3 is tiled on the fallen leaves, and connect fish scale undercut and halimasch bacterium branch on the tree root with step 1 gained section wood; Simultaneously with the fish scale undercut on the halimasch bacterium branch filling tree root; With sandy loam whole cultivation hole is tamped then, sandy loam thickness exceeds surface, hillside fields 15-20cm, is covered in the sandy loam top layer with dry branches and fallen leaves at last;
7, field management: carry out 1-3 field examination at the rhizoma Gastrodiae growing period, and water 1-3 time, keep soil moist;
8, gather: gather in March, 3 December to the next year.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, cultivation method of the present invention can make full use of the local favourable forest resources, development sylvan life industry, and the results non-forest product of sylvan life (NTFP) reduces forest vegetation damage, shows tangible ecological benefits and economic benefit.
2, fundamentally reduce the excavating of Wild gastrodia, effectively protect the Wild gastrodia resource, this technology is based on open-air sylvan life cultivation simultaneously, has the growing environment the same with Wild gastrodia, has guaranteed " genuineness " of day ramie product.
3, cultivation method of the present invention is simple to operate, with low cost, and the rhizoma Gastrodiae survival rate is high, output is desirable, quality good.
Embodiment
Through specific embodiment given below; Can do further detailed description to the present invention; But should be appreciated that embodiment is merely explanation of the present invention, and limit the invention never in any form; Various changes or modification that those skilled in the art do according to spirit of the present invention fall within protection scope of the present invention equally.
Embodiment 1
Collect the fallen leaves and the branch of Fagaceae seeds of deciduous species, the diameter 1.0-2.5cm of branch is sawn into segment wood of long 5-8cm with it, and before cultivation, soaks respectively with clear water in 7-10 days and fall leaves and Duan Mu fully absorbs water it, and is subsequent use;
With fallen leaves and wheat bran, gypsum and the sucrose of fully suction according to 78%: 20%: 1%: 1% ratio is even mix after; The dress place is gone in the 500ml plastic sack, seals, pass through autoclave sterilization again after; Under aseptic condition, carry out the Germination Strain inoculation, cultivate, subsequent use;
Digging out the wide 40-60cm that is the 3-4 month in every year, be 30-50cm deeply, long cultivation hole for 1-2m; Cultivating shop, bottom, hole one deck fallen leaves; The interval that tiles then is wooden, on Duan Mu, sows one deck halimasch three-class strain equably, and interval wood again tiles; The cover sand loam, the thickness of sandy loam is as the criterion with the space between the section of covering completely wood and Duan Mu just; With identical method tiling 6-8 interval wood and halimasch three-class strain, each layer all needs the cover sand loam again, and the last sandy loam that on top layer Duan Mu, covers a bed thickness 15-20cm covers one deck trees litter again with heat and moisture preserving, cultivates subsequent use after 40-60 days;
Ripe seeds of Gastrodia elata and step 2 are cultivated the Germination Strain that obtains mix thoroughly, add contained grain weight in 8-10 the ripe rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule in every 500ml Germination Strain, be placed on indoor cultivation 5-7 days, subsequent use;
Selecting the gradient is 20 °-30 °, the broad leaved forest forest land of sandy loam soil property; Before cultivation, chose the live tree of base footpath in 7-10 days greater than 8cm; Dig the cultivation hole in usage tree root alive one side that is positioned at slope side; After the cultivation hole was dug, every interval 4-6cm cut out the fish scale mouth one on the tree root that exposes out, and the undercut degree of depth is just to cut xylem degree of being; Wherein, cultivation hole size is that the center of circle, radius are the fan-shaped hole of 30-60cm with the usage tree root of living, and fan-shaped radian is the 1/4-1/3 of the tree circumference of living, and the degree of depth is 3-6cm;
The annual 5-7 month, the fallen leaves that in cultivation hole bottom tiling one deck step 1, obtain are cultivated the seeds of Gastrodia elata and the Germination Strain mix that obtain with step 4 and are broadcasted sowing equably on the fallen leaves; 250ml is broadcasted sowing in each cultivation hole; The fallen leaves that obtain with step 1 cover the seed mix fully, and then the halimasch bacterium branch that obtains in the step 3 is tiled on the fallen leaves, and connect fish scale undercut and halimasch bacterium branch on the tree root with step 1 gained section wood; Simultaneously with the fish scale undercut on the halimasch bacterium branch filling tree root; With sandy loam whole cultivation hole is tamped then, sandy loam thickness exceeds surface, hillside fields 15-20cm, is covered in the sandy loam top layer with dry branches and fallen leaves at last;
Carry out 1-3 field examination at the rhizoma Gastrodiae growing period, and water 1-3 time, keep soil moist, gather in March, 3 December to the next year, and every hole output reaches the 0.5-2.0 kilogram.
Embodiment 2
Collect the fallen leaves and the branch of Fagaceae seeds of deciduous species, the diameter 1.0-2.5cm of branch is sawn into segment wood of long 5-8cm with it, and before cultivation, soaks respectively with clear water in 7-10 days and fall leaves and Duan Mu fully absorbs water it, and is subsequent use;
With fallen leaves and wheat bran, gypsum and the sucrose of fully suction according to 78%: 20%: 1%: 1% ratio is even mix after; The dress place is gone in the 500ml plastic sack, seals, pass through autoclave sterilization again after; Under aseptic condition, carry out the Germination Strain inoculation, cultivate, subsequent use;
Digging out the wide 40-60cm that is the 3-4 month in every year, be 30-50cm deeply, long cultivation hole for 1-2m; Cultivating shop, bottom, hole one deck fallen leaves; The interval that tiles then is wooden, on Duan Mu, sows one deck halimasch three-class strain equably, and interval wood again tiles; The cover sand loam, the thickness of sandy loam is as the criterion with the space between the section of covering completely wood and Duan Mu just; With identical method tiling 6-8 interval wood and halimasch three-class strain, each layer all needs the cover sand loam again, and the last sandy loam that on top layer Duan Mu, covers a bed thickness 15-20cm covers one deck trees litter again with heat and moisture preserving, cultivates subsequent use after 40-60 days;
Ripe seeds of Gastrodia elata and step 2 are cultivated the Germination Strain that obtains mix thoroughly, add contained grain weight in 8-10 the ripe rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule in every 500ml Germination Strain, be placed on indoor cultivation 5-7 days, subsequent use;
Selecting the gradient is 20 °-30 °, the broad leaved forest forest land of sandy loam soil property; Before cultivation, chose the withered stub of base footpath in 7-10 days greater than 8cm; Around withered stub, dig the cultivation hole; After the cultivation hole was dug, every interval 4-6cm cut out the fish scale mouth one on the tree root that exposes out, and the undercut degree of depth is just to cut xylem degree of being; Wherein the cultivation hole is the center of circle with withered stub, and radius is the annular hole of 30-60cm, and the degree of depth is 3-6cm;
The annual 5-7 month, the fallen leaves that in cultivation hole bottom tiling one deck step 1, obtain are cultivated the seeds of Gastrodia elata and the Germination Strain mix that obtain with step 4 and are broadcasted sowing equably on the fallen leaves; 250ml is broadcasted sowing in each cultivation hole; The fallen leaves that obtain with step 1 cover the seed mix fully, and then the halimasch bacterium branch that obtains in the step 3 is tiled on the fallen leaves, and connect fish scale undercut and halimasch bacterium branch on the tree root with step 1 gained section wood; Simultaneously with the fish scale undercut on the halimasch bacterium branch filling tree root; With sandy loam whole cultivation hole is tamped then, sandy loam thickness exceeds surface, hillside fields 15-20cm, is covered in the sandy loam top layer with dry branches and fallen leaves at last;
Carry out 1-3 field examination at the rhizoma Gastrodiae growing period, and water 1-3 time, keep soil moist, gather in March, 3 December to the next year, and every hole output reaches the 0.5-2.0 kilogram.
Claims (5)
1. gastrodia tuber imitative wild sexual reproduction cultivation method is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
(1) fallen leaves are prepared with section wood: collect the fallen leaves and the branch of Fagaceae seeds of deciduous species, the diameter of branch is 1.0-2.5cm, and its saw is grown into the Duan Mu of 5-8cm, before cultivation, soaks respectively with clear water in 7-10 days and falls leaves and Duan Mu fully absorbs water it, and is subsequent use;
(2) Germination Strain is cultivated: the fallen leaves in the step (1) are mixed with wheat bran, gypsum and sucrose, in the container of the 500ml that packs into after mixing thoroughly, seal, pass through autoclave sterilization again after, under aseptic condition, carry out Germination Strain inoculation, cultivation, subsequent use;
(3) halimasch bacterium branch is cultivated: digging out the cultivation hole the annual 3-4 month, spreading one deck fallen leaves in bottom, cultivation hole, the interval that tiles then is wooden; On Duan Mu, sow one deck halimasch three-class strain equably, the interval wood that tiles again, cover sand loam; The thickness of sandy loam with just between the section of covering completely wood and Duan Mu the space be as the criterion; With identical method tiling 6-8 interval wood and halimasch three-class strain, each layer all needs the cover sand loam, the last sandy loam that on top layer Duan Mu, covers a bed thickness 15-20cm again; Cover one deck trees litter again with heat and moisture preserving, cultivate subsequent use after 40-60 days;
(4) seed is prepared: ripe seeds of Gastrodia elata and step (2) are cultivated the Germination Strain that obtains mix thoroughly, add contained grain weight in the individual ripe rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule of 8-10 in every 500ml Germination Strain, be placed on indoor cultivation 5-7 days, and subsequent use;
(5) choosing ground, whole ground: selecting the gradient is 20 °-30 °, the broad leaved forest forest land of sandy loam soil property; Before cultivation, chose live tree or the withered stub of base footpath in 7-10 days greater than 8cm; Dig the cultivation hole at its root; After the cultivation hole was dug, every interval 4-6cm cut out the fish scale mouth one on the tree root that exposes out, and the undercut degree of depth is just to cut xylem degree of being;
(6) sowing: the annual 5-7 month; The fallen leaves that in cultivation hole bottom tiling one deck step (1), obtain; Step (4) is cultivated the seeds of Gastrodia elata and the Germination Strain mix that obtain broadcast sowing equably on the fallen leaves, 250ml is broadcasted sowing in each cultivation hole, and the fallen leaves that obtain with step (1) cover the seed mix fully; And then the halimasch bacterium branch that obtains in the step (3) is tiled on the fallen leaves; And,, with sandy loam whole cultivation hole is tamped then simultaneously with the fish scale undercut on the halimasch bacterium branch filling tree root with fish scale undercut and halimasch bacterium branch on step (1) the gained section wood connection tree root; Sandy loam thickness exceeds surface, hillside fields 15-20cm, is covered in the sandy loam top layer with dry branches and fallen leaves at last;
(7) field management: carry out 1-3 field examination at the rhizoma Gastrodiae growing period, and water 1-3 time, keep soil moist;
(8) gather: gather in March, 3 December to the next year.
2. gastrodia tuber imitative wild sexual reproduction cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the mixed proportion of fallen leaves, wheat bran, gypsum and sucrose is 78%: 20%: 1% in the said step (2): 1%.
3. gastrodia tuber imitative wild sexual reproduction cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: cultivate the wide 40-60cm of being in hole in hole in the said step (3), dark 30-50cm, long 1-2m.
4. gastrodia tuber imitative wild sexual reproduction cultivation method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: in the said step (5); Dig the cultivation hole in usage tree root alive one side that is positioned at slope side; Cultivation hole size is that the center of circle, radius are the fan-shaped hole of 30-60cm with the usage tree root of living, and fan-shaped radian is the 1/4-1/3 of the tree circumference of living, and the degree of depth is 3-6cm.
5. gastrodia tuber imitative wild sexual reproduction cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the said step (5), around withered stub, dig the cultivation hole, cultivation hole size is for being the center of circle with withered stub, and radius is the annular hole of 30-60cm, and the degree of depth is 3-6cm.
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