CN105638215B - A kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative propagation plantation method - Google Patents
A kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative propagation plantation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105638215B CN105638215B CN201610034677.6A CN201610034677A CN105638215B CN 105638215 B CN105638215 B CN 105638215B CN 201610034677 A CN201610034677 A CN 201610034677A CN 105638215 B CN105638215 B CN 105638215B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative propagations to plant method, it the described method comprises the following steps, cultivate halimasch bacterium material in advance, bacterium material culture is using the method for fixing bacterium bed culture, the ditching on acclive mountain, ditch long 10-20m, furrow width 60-80cm, ditch depth 20-30cm, the soaked timber of 15~20cm of length plug hole in the shape of " pin " is placed in ditch, halimasch three-level kind is placed on the section at timber both ends, then top earthing 10cm, is cultivated 2 months or so；After bacterium material is grown well, topsoil is pushed aside, kind of fiber crops are close to the cross-section center at bacterium material both ends, are put with ground -90 ° of angle swings at 45 °, and make its scape bud upward.Again will earthing 10cm or so above, then normal management；Arrow fiber crops can be harvested after 1 year.The present invention only harvests arrow fiber crops when harvesting, bacterium material is motionless, and rice fiber crops and hemp stay in continued growth in cave, without planting again, saves a large amount of man power and materials.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, and in particular to a kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative propagation plantation method.
Background technique
Rhizoma Gastrodiae is the dry tuber of orchid Rhizoma Gastrodiae, its unrooted, redgreen blade not can be carried out photosynthesis from health
It is living, it is necessary to which that by assimilation intrusion, its intracorporal some fungi obtains nutrition.Also known as rhizoma gastrodiae, from mother, yellow moccasin flower, god grass, solely shake sesame,
Rhizoma gastrodiae rouge, wind grass, conjunction shakes from grass, solely, automatic careless, water potato, is famous Chinese medicine.Just entered before more than 2,000 years
Medicine is rich in Gastrodin, Vanillin, protein, amino acid and microelement, and property is pungent, warm, nontoxic, there is anti-epileptic, anti-to throb with fear
It faints, antirheumatic；The effect of calmness, antispastic, analgesia, qi-restoratives, suppressing hyperactive liver for calming endogenous wind, major function suppressing hyperactive liver for calming endogenous wind relieving convulsion is dizzy for having a headache
It swoons, extremity numbness, epilepsy clonus, tetanus, feel dizzy, the diseases such as neurasthenia, wind-cold-dampness arthralgia and child convulsion.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae is suitable for growing in loose, wet sandy soil, and growth preference temperature is 15-28 degree, when ground temperature is lower than 8
Degree stops growing higher than 30 degree.Rhizoma Gastrodiae is unable to autotrophy, it is necessary to the growth and development by halimasch offer nutrient.That is halimasch
It is grown on timber, Rhizoma Gastrodiae reabsorbs the halimasch regrowth on timber.
The propagation method of Rhizoma Gastrodiae is divided into sexual propagation and vegetative propagation, most of to use from the point of view of current planting technique
Vegetative propagation technique, this technology be mainly the period it is short, it is quick, it is very popular.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae can be divided into arrow fiber crops (big), also known as commodity fiber crops, the Rhizoma Gastrodiae that can exactly sell by its size；Hemp (in), belong to
In kind of a fiber crops, it is mainly used for vegetative propagation, rice fiber crops (small) belong to kind of a fiber crops, are mainly used for sexual propagation.In practical applications, due to
Hemp and rice fiber crops are also smaller, cannot function as commercial articles vending, still, in planting process, one Nian Hou great of kind fiber crops that plants together
Small different, the excavation that can carry out having is sold, and some heads are also small, cannot sell, therefore there is one in excavation and ask
Topic, various Rhizoma Gastrodiaes all dig out the continued growth that certainly will influence hemp and rice fiber crops together, even if sowing again, growth also be will receive
It influences, because rice fiber crops and hemp are once dug out, is just disconnected the halimasch shoestring connected between bacterium material, sows again, kind fiber crops
Again it connects halimasch shoestring and needs a period of time, therefore will affect growth.
In the prior art, traditional planting patterns of Rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative propagation are as follows: kind fiber crops, halimasch bacterium branch and timber one remove
Kind, three's disposing way is parallel to the ground, the both ends or fish scale mouth of halimasch bacterium branch and kind fiber crops pendulum in timber, halimasch bacterium branch
By kind of fiber crops and timber, 2 layers are planted, 1-2 centimetres of earthing between two layers harvests for this implantation methods 1 year, when harvest not only
Arrow fiber crops (commodity fiber crops) are dug out, and hemp, rice fiber crops and bacterium material are also dug out simultaneously.This implantation methods have the disadvantage in that first,
The hemp and rice fiber crops dug out need to plant again, not only need to put into a large amount of manpowers, it is also necessary to the money such as halimasch bacterium branch, timber
Source；Second, since continuous cropping can accelerate gastrodia tuber from degradation, pest and disease damage is serious, leads to the underproduction, so second year must look for ground again, adopts
Soil after digging Rhizoma Gastrodiae will can just continue planting rhizoma gastrodiae after 4-5, cause the waste of land resource；Third, in day Taro Aso
Before length, the halimasch on bacterium branch invades timber and vigorous needs 2 months or so to growing, that is to say, that fiber crops are planted after 2 months
Nutrition supply can be obtained from the bacterium material grown, comparatively growth time shortens 2 months, since growth period is relatively short,
Influence yield.
Summary of the invention
The problem of for currently available technology, the present invention provide a kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative propagation plantation method, we
Method can solve the problem of one piece of ground cannot continuously harvest high-quality Rhizoma Gastrodiae, and arrow fiber crops, bacterium are only harvested when present invention harvest
Material is motionless, and rice fiber crops and hemp stay in continued growth in cave, without planting again, can save a large amount of man power and materials.
A kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative propagation plantation method, includes the following steps:
(1) halimasch bacterium material is cultivated in advance: before Rhizoma Gastrodiae planting season, being started culture halimasch bacterium material and (is covered with sweet ring
The timber of bacterium shoestring)；
It (2), will be under kind fiber crops kind after the culture of bacterium material is good；
(3) after sowing will earthing 10cm or so above, then carry out daily management；
It is harvested after (4) one years.
Specifically, the specific cultural method of halimasch bacterium material described in step (1) are as follows:
(1) selecting diameter is 7-12cm fresh timber, and fresh timber is chopped to the juggle that length is 15-20cm, is discharged water
It impregnates 1-3 days, keeps timber completely drenched, it is spare；
(2) acclive place ditching, ditch long 10-20m, wide 60-80cm, deep 20-30cm, by soaked wood on mountain
Material and halimasch three-level kind bacterium branch are sowed together, and timber plug hole in the shape of " pin " parallel to the ground is put, in favor of draining, two
3-5 three-level kind bacterium branch is put between Duan Mucai, is allowed to all be in close contact with the cross section of two sections of timber, successively be put, one
Two to three rows are put in ditch, the soil layer of 10cm thickness is covered after setting, are compressed, and can grow up to the bacterium with halimasch shoestring within 2-3 months
Material, preferably 75-90 days.
Preferably, the timber kind is wooden hard broad leaf tree.It is highly preferred that the broad leaf tree is oak or alder
Wood.Specifically, it when step (2) step (2) kind fiber crops are sowed, pushs topsoil aside, kind of fiber crops is close to the cross-section center at bacterium material both ends,
It is put with ground -90 ° of angle swings at 45 °, and makes kind of numb scape bud upward.
Specifically, the harvesting method of step (4) are as follows: shovel game clock layer earthing first, and it is aside retained, then will
The earthing for getting close to Rhizoma Gastrodiae grown layer is given up, and wears gloves, careful to take out arrow fiber crops, keeps bacterium material and rice fiber crops motionless, renews native covering,
The surface layer earthing of reservation is finally covered again, and for overall thickness in 10cm or so, next year can harvest arrow fiber crops again.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) arrow fiber crops are only harvested when present invention harvest, bacterium material is motionless, and rice fiber crops and hemp stay in continued growth in cave, without
Again it to plant, save a large amount of man power and materials (strain and timber)；
(2) present invention is by the way that only high-quality cannot continuously be harvested by solving one piece of ground to the displacement of Rhizoma Gastrodiae grown layer soil
The problem of Rhizoma Gastrodiae, new implantation methods can harvest arrow fiber crops 2-3 times；
(3) halimasch bacterium bed of the present invention is complete, no longer needs to time-consuming culture, and rice fiber crops and hemp have been connected to halimasch, thus
Its growth time is extended, yield is improved.
(4) when conventional method is planted, kind fiber crops put down and put, and are mainly time saving for convenience, but Rhizoma Gastrodiae exists if putting in this way
Can be toward boring below bacterium material when growth, harvest when, which must open bacterium material, destroy bacterium bed could play out that arrow is numb, digging when
Wait it is time-consuming and laborious, also easily injure arrow fiber crops, lead to arrow fiber crops hurt, appearance is bad, be easy it is rotten, and bacterium bed stir after bacterium bed
It cannot all be used again with bacterium material, it is necessary to use new soil and timber, waste soil and timber resources.
For the present invention in plantation, kind fiber crops lean against the both ends of bacterium material, and at 45 ° to 90 ° of ground angle, bud upward, puts day in this way
Fiber crops when growth also can bud upward, rise, all grow in the soil layer of surface 10cm thickness substantially, harvest when only needs
Pushing surface soil layer aside with hand can be easy to take out arrow fiber crops, not need to stir bacterium material and bacterium bed, very convenient.Take out arrow fiber crops
Afterwards, hemp and rice fiber crops, which continue to stay in, makees kind of a fiber crops in bacterium bed, it is only necessary to change the topsoil contacted with Rhizoma Gastrodiae, can eliminate continuous cropping
It influences, the coming year can continue to harvest arrow fiber crops, and the method can continuously harvest 2 to three years, save the money such as a large amount of soil, timber
Source and manpower and time cost.
(5) also, conventional method is due to kind of a numb scape bud one way or another, and Rhizoma Gastrodiae can be grown along all directions, by
It is irregular to influence, numb shapes such as extruding；And Rhizoma Gastrodiae of the present invention is all grown up, longer Rhizoma Gastrodiae fiber crops shape as smart as a new pin, appearance
It is good.
(6) it is compared with the traditional method, the present invention is due to the closer surface layer of Rhizoma Gastrodiae growth, good permeability, Rhizoma Gastrodiae in plantation
Annual output it is higher.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that a kind of traditional Rhizoma Gastrodiae plants method schematic diagram (top view) in the prior art；
Fig. 2 is that another traditional Rhizoma Gastrodiae plants method schematic diagram (top view) in the prior art；
Fig. 3 is Rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation method schematic diagram (main view) of the present invention；
In figure, 1- kind fiber crops, 2- halimasch bacterium material, 3- timber, the ground 4-, 5- halimasch three-level kind bacterium branch, 6- shoestring, 7- fish
Squama mouth, the scape bud of 8- kind fiber crops.
Specific embodiment
Experimental method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples is commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Examples are merely exemplary, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.Those skilled in the art should
Understand, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention can details to technical solution of the present invention and form modify
Or replacement, but these modifications and replacement are fallen within the protection scope of the present invention.A variety of materials of the present invention, reagent or
Apparatus unless otherwise specified, can be obtained from market.
Traditional cultivation method one
It does not cultivate halimasch bacterium material in advance in advance, but kind of a fiber crops, halimasch bacterium branch and timber is sowed together, three puts
Mode is parallel to the ground, sees Fig. 1, halimasch bacterium branch and kind fiber crops pendulum at the both ends of timber, halimasch bacterium branch is by kind of fiber crops and wood
Material, plants 2 layers, 1-2 centimetres of earthing between two layers, after sowing will earthing 10cm or so above, then normal management, 1 year
After harvest.
Traditional cultivation method two
It does not cultivate halimasch bacterium material in advance in advance, but kind of a fiber crops, halimasch bacterium branch and timber is sowed together, three puts
Mode is parallel to the ground, sees that Fig. 2, the both ends or fish scale mouth of halimasch bacterium branch and kind fiber crops pendulum in timber, halimasch bacterium branch are close to
Kind of fiber crops and timber, plant 2 layers, 1-2 centimetres of earthing between two layers, after sowing will earthing 10cm or so above, then normally
Management, harvests after 1 year.
The embodiment of the present invention 1
A kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative propagation plantation method, includes the following steps:
(1) halimasch bacterium material is cultivated in advance: before Rhizoma Gastrodiae planting season, starting to cultivate halimasch bacterium material；Specifically: it is first
First selecting diameter is the fresh timber of 7-12cm (oak), fresh timber is chopped to the juggle that length is 15cm, discharge water middle immersion 1-3
It, keeps timber completely drenched, spare；Then the acclive place ditching on mountain, the long 10m of ditch, wide 60cm, deep 20cm will soak
The timber and halimasch three-level kind bacterium branch soaked is sowed together, and timber plug hole in the shape of " pin " parallel to the ground is put, at two sections
3 three-level kind bacterium branches are put between timber, are allowed to all be in close contact with the cross section of two sections of timber, successively be put, in a ditch
Two rows are put, the soil layer of 10cm thickness is covered after setting, are compressed, through culture after a period of time, mycelia is covered with entire timber, and 78 days
The bacterium material with halimasch shoestring can be grown up to.
(2) it after the culture of bacterium material is good, pushs surface soil aside, plants fiber crops of sowing；When sowing, kind fiber crops are in the cross section at bacterium material both ends
The heart is put with an angle of 45 ° to the ground, and makes its scape bud upward, as shown in Figure 3.
(3) after sowing will earthing 10cm or so above, then carry out normal daily management；The optimum growh of Rhizoma Gastrodiae
Temperature is 15-25 DEG C, and when more than 30 DEG C, the growth of halimasch and Rhizoma Gastrodiae will be heavily suppressed；And when temperature is lower than 15 DEG C
When, the tuber growth speed of Rhizoma Gastrodiae can slow down again and stop；When lower than 5 DEG C, the stem tuber of Rhizoma Gastrodiae will be rotted by freeze injury.Therefore,
In entire growth period, it is ensured that suitable temperature.
Planting rhizoma gastrodiae requires average relative humidity 80% or so, and when growing the busy season, humidity is unfavorable for Rhizoma Gastrodiae less than 60%
Growth easily causes stem tuber greater than 80% and rots, again therefore, in entire growth period, it is ensured that suitable humidity.
It is harvested after (4) one years, first shovel game clock layer earthing, and it is aside retained, then will get close to Rhizoma Gastrodiae growth
The earthing of layer is given up, and wears gloves, careful to take out arrow fiber crops, keeps bacterium material and rice fiber crops motionless, renews native covering, finally cover guarantor again
The surface layer earthing stayed, for overall thickness in 10cm or so, next year can harvest arrow fiber crops again.
The embodiment of the present invention 2
(1) halimasch bacterium material is cultivated in advance: before Rhizoma Gastrodiae planting season, starting to cultivate halimasch bacterium material；Specifically: it is first
First selecting diameter is the fresh timber of 7-12cm (alder), and fresh timber is chopped to the juggle that length is 20cm, and discharge water middle immersion 3
It, keeps timber completely drenched, spare；Then the acclive place ditching on mountain, the long 20m of ditch, wide 80cm, deep 30cm will soak
The timber and halimasch three-level kind bacterium branch soaked is sowed together, and timber is parallel to the ground to be put, and puts 5 between two sections of timber
Three-level kind bacterium branch, is allowed to all be in close contact with the cross section of two sections of timber, successively put, two to three rows are put in a ditch, put
The soil layer of 10cm thickness is covered after good, is compressed, through culture after a period of time, mycelia is covered with entire timber, can grow up to band within 3 months
The bacterium material of halimasch shoestring.
(2) it after the culture of bacterium material is good, pushs surface soil aside, plants fiber crops of sowing；When sowing, kind fiber crops are in the cross section at bacterium material both ends
The heart is put at an angle of 90 with ground, and makes its scape bud upward.
(3) after sowing will earthing 10cm or so above, then carry out normal daily management；The optimum growh of Rhizoma Gastrodiae
Temperature is 15-25 DEG C, and when more than 30 DEG C, the growth of halimasch and Rhizoma Gastrodiae will be heavily suppressed；And when temperature is lower than 15 DEG C
When, the tuber growth speed of Rhizoma Gastrodiae can slow down again and stop；When lower than 5 DEG C, the stem tuber of Rhizoma Gastrodiae will be rotted by freeze injury.Therefore,
In entire growth period, it is ensured that suitable temperature.
Planting rhizoma gastrodiae requires average relative humidity 80% or so, and when growing the busy season, humidity is unfavorable for Rhizoma Gastrodiae less than 60%
Growth easily causes stem tuber greater than 80% and rots, again therefore, in entire growth period, it is ensured that suitable humidity.
It is harvested after (4) one years, first shovel game clock layer earthing, and it is aside retained, then will get close to Rhizoma Gastrodiae growth
The earthing of layer is given up, and wears gloves, careful to take out arrow fiber crops, keeps bacterium material and rice fiber crops motionless, renews native covering, finally cover guarantor again
The surface layer earthing stayed, for overall thickness in 10cm or so, next year can harvest arrow fiber crops again.
Traditional cultivation method one, two and the embodiment of the present invention 1,2 are compared, found:
Method of the invention rises during plantation, all grows in the soil layer of surface 10cm thickness substantially, harvest
When only need with hand push aside surface soil layer can be easy to take out arrow fiber crops, do not need to stir bacterium material and bacterium bed, it is very convenient.And
Traditional method is in harvest, it is necessary to open bacterium material, destroy bacterium bed and could play out arrow fiber crops, digging when is time-consuming and laborious, also holds very much
Easily injury arrow fiber crops, lead to arrow fiber crops hurt, and appearance is bad, be easy it is rotten, and bacterium bed stir after bacterium bed and bacterium material cannot all use again,
New soil and timber must be used, soil and timber resources are wasted.
Also, from the point of view of growing state, bud of the invention is all grown up, longer Rhizoma Gastrodiae fiber crops shape as smart as a new pin,
Lover is sold, and the scape bud one way or another of traditional cultivation method, Rhizoma Gastrodiae can be grown along all directions, be grown without rule,
Being squeezed etc. influences, and numb shape is also irregular, influences its commodity rate.
From yield, the Output of Gastrodia elata on timber unit area is compared, since Rhizoma Gastrodiae of the present invention is being grown
In the process, it grows up, closer to surface layer, gas permeability is more preferable, and the annual output of Rhizoma Gastrodiae is higher, and due to can continuously harvest, single
The total output of the upper commodity fiber crops of plane product is also 3-4 times of traditional cultivation method.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all to utilize this hair
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by bright description is applied directly or indirectly in other relevant technology necks
Domain is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. method is planted in a kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative propagation, which is characterized in that the Rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative propagation plantation method includes following step
It is rapid:
(1) halimasch bacterium material is cultivated in advance: 75-90 days before Rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation, starting to cultivate halimasch bacterium material, the halimasch
The specific cultural method of bacterium material are as follows: selecting diameter is the fresh timber of 7-12cm, and it is 15-20cm wood that fresh timber, which is chopped to length,
Section, discharge water middle immersion 1-3 days, keeps timber completely drenched, spare；Acclive place ditching, the long 10- of the ditch of the ditch on mountain
20m, furrow width 60-80cm, ditch depth 20-30cm sow soaked timber and halimasch three-level kind bacterium branch together, timber and ground
Plug hole in the shape of " pin " is put in parallel in face, and in favor of draining, 3-5 halimasch three-level kind bacterium branch is put between two sections of timber,
It is allowed to all be in close contact with the cross section of two sections of timber, successively put, two to three row's timber are put in each ditch, are covered after setting
The soil layer of 10cm thickness compresses, and the bacterium material with halimasch shoestring is grown up to after 75-90 days；
(2) after the culture of bacterium material, kind of a fiber crops are sowed, concrete operations are as follows: push topsoil aside, kind of fiber crops are close to the cross at bacterium material both ends
Kernel of section is put with ground -90 ° of angle swings at 45 °, and makes kind of numb scape bud upward；
(3) after sowing will earthing 10cm or so above, then carry out daily management；
It is harvested after (4) one years, harvesting method are as follows: shovel game clock layer earthing first, and retained, it then will get close to Rhizoma Gastrodiae growth
The earthing of layer is given up, and wears gloves, and takes out arrow fiber crops, keeps halimasch bacterium material and rice fiber crops motionless, renew native covering, finally cover again
The surface layer earthing of reservation, overall thickness are 10cm or so, and next year can harvest arrow fiber crops again.
2. method is planted in Rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative propagation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the timber kind is wooden
Hard broad leaf tree.
3. method is planted in Rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative propagation according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the broad leaf tree be oak or
Alder.
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| CN110583410A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-12-20 | 十堰市农业科学院 | Method for efficiently cultivating gastrodia elata |
| CN110558154A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-13 | 册亨县布依酒业有限公司 | high-yield propagation method of wild ganoderma lucidum |
| CN111357593B (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2022-04-15 | 吉林师范大学 | High-quality high-yield cultivation method for imitated wild gastrodia elata under forest in Changbai mountain area |
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| CN101999295A (en) * | 2010-10-26 | 2011-04-06 | 昭通神农乌天麻良种繁育有限公司 | Halimasch (XL-A0704) as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102783325A (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2012-11-21 | 吉林农业大学 | Bionic organic cultivation method of rhizoma gastrodiae under forest |
| CN102972200A (en) * | 2011-09-06 | 2013-03-20 | 李喜年 | Three-dimensional cultivation technique for gastrodia elata |
| CN102487716A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-13 | 大方县九龙天麻开发有限公司 | Gastrodiae elata planting method in primitive environment |
| CN102612964A (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2012-08-01 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Imitated wild gastrodia elata cultivation method through sexual propagation |
| CN102630452A (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2012-08-15 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Imitative wild asexual propagation cultivation method of rhizoma gastrodiae |
| KR20140140284A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2014-12-09 | 농업회사법인 (주)천마인 | Method for growing gastrodia |
| CN103583208A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2014-02-19 | 略阳县荣昌食用菌种植农民专业合作社 | Under-forest original ecology gastrodia elata planting method |
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