KR830001780B1 - Artificial glowing method for gastrodia elata blume - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Artificial Cultivation of Chunma

1 is a diagram showing the growth temperature of mulberry mushroom mycelium.

In the present invention, the mulberry fungi of the basidiomycetes in the lower plants (Milillaria, Armillaria mellea Fr. This tuber is used as an effective medicine for the treatment of epilepsy, stroke, race, headache, tonic and other neurological diseases in Chinese medicine.

Chunma is a perennial symbiotic plant belonging to the orchid (Orchidaceae, Orchid), which mulberry fungus plays a decisive role in the formation of cheon-ma seedlings, the renewal of nutritional organs, and the formation of breeding organs, except for flowering fruiting period. , tuber) is oblong, thick pale yellow and rounded, with vinyl fragments on the pattern, rootless, and completely tubertic except for sexual reproduction. When fully matured, sprouting faucets develop at the front end, protruding above ground diameters (stems) for the next year's breeding. The ground diameter is 60 ~ 90cm in height and there are two types of single upright columnar reddish yellow or light green. There are light yellowish brown or light green scale leaves, but there is no green leaf capable of photosynthesis. Flowers bloom in the shape of gunshots at the end of stems in May-June, and ripen in June-July, blowing seeds like yellowish white, fusiform powder.

Breeding is a combination of meteor breeding and asexual breeding. If you start the breeding of the planet, it is already mature, whether it is small or large, so you can grow enough stems and seeds with your own nutrients, so you do not need to take any more nutrients. If the ground plane of the meteor breeding Cheonma was broken at the beginning to prevent seeds from being seeded, and if it was observed in the fall of the year, it was not consumed its own nutrients in the stems and seeds, so that the Cheonma remained intact until autumn. . If you look at the seeds of celestial horses, you will usually have 20-30 pollen on the stems of celestial horses, and if you have about 10,000 seeds in one pod, you will have 20-30 pods in one stem. The seeds of all 10,000 will be born.

Seeds are 0.2mm in width and 0.8mm in length, so they are powder-like and mature as they are blown by the wind. Seeds of celestial horses have only embryos and no endosperm, so the seeds themselves do not have germination capacity and when they come into contact with the fungi they need, they break down and make germination energy. After the meteor breeding, mother's nutrient depletion is so severe that it will rot away leaving its own offspring. If these seeds germinate and can be seen with the naked eye, it takes about two years.

When referring to asexual breeding, the cheon-ma breeds asexually since it is usually matured in the previous year before the sexual breeding. In unusual cases, however, there are cases where only sexual reproduction is done without asexual reproduction.

This situation is caused by lack of nutrients in cheon-ma. Also, under certain circumstances, when the pathological invasion is over after asexual reproduction, the digestive layer cells are collapsed and the vitality is reduced. You can see it. At this time, the mulberry mushroom will be able to get some nutrients from Cheonma.

Gastrodia is distributed in Africa, India, Malaysia, Australia, and East Asia. Gastrodia elata Blume is distributed only in China, Japan, and Korea. It is distributed in Hokkaido and mainland in Japan, and Cheonma and Egicheonma are distributed in Korea, and are distributed throughout Korea and Jeju Island. do. In China, it is distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hyeop, Hubei, and Anhui provinces, and the temperature varies according to the region, so the difference in sea level is about 1,100 ~ 2,800m. Chunma prefers a little wet and cool place rather than warm area. Domestically, Korea has been collecting 10 ~ 20 tons annually to cover exports and domestic demand, but domestic demand cannot be satisfied at all due to high prices. In recent years, natural fish stocks are depleted every year due to overfishing of natural horses. It is therefore expected to be extinct in the next few years and therefore more urgent artificial cultivation methods have been required.

[Table 1]

Annual Export Status of Chunma (Korea Pharmaceutical Traders' Association Data)

As shown in the above table 1, since the export in large quantities until 1979 and overfishing of natural products, the export volume dropped sharply in 1980, and the market was deprived of the market due to the high price.

Considering the condition of cheon-ma, the seed of cheon-ma is very small, so it is 0.2mm in width, 0.8mm in average length, and there is no drainage. The fact that cheonma is symbiotic with the fungus Armillaria mellea Fr. has been studied by KusanoS. In 1911, and there have been no studies on cheonma, but only research on egg symbiosis. Chunma forms endogenous mycorrhiza and when mulberry mushroom enters the digestive layer cells of Chunma, the hyphae are ruptured because of its rupture of protoplasts and nuclei, and the cells of Chunma tuber are ingested while absorbing digestion. Cheongma can not survive the mulberry mushroom bacteria, and mulberry mushroom bacteria, because the presence of the cheonma consuming a large amount of nutrients result in their own development is suppressed. Therefore, if cheonma is a lot of breeding mycelia (菌絲 束, rhizomorph) does not survive for a long time does not form fruiting bodies. Mulberry fungi are known to have few substances from cheonma. However, mulberry mushrooms can nourish when the horse is eroded, but the nutrition is just to recover the nutrition that was given to the horse before. Therefore, Chunma is a symbiosis between the mulberry fungi and quantum symbiosis. Chunma is a perennial plant, so the growth cycle is not constant. Optimal conditions for nourishing growth are four years from seed to seed. If not, it will take 7 to 8 years.

Therefore, the condition of artificial cultivation is that both conditions of mulberry mushrooms to grow, as well as the condition that the plants themselves can survive under the appropriate conditions. Although there was a conventional method of artificial cultivation, this is obtained from the mycelia of the bark of trees cut in the natural state or near the ground, and selects the appropriate trees, and then finely cuts the branches of trees with a diameter of 9 cm or more and 27-45 cm in diameter. Depth 18cm, width 60.6cm is arbitrarily determined, sprinkling evenly distributed natural mycelia, small tree branches or fallen leaves on it, and the next layer is incubated for 4 months by stacking pieces of wood and mycelia to 60.6cm in height. Here, the mycelia are the alleys (wood inoculated with bacteria), and the leaves are fed with nutrients, while the mycelia of the celestial tubers are fed to feed the nutrients.

In this way, the cultivation of the mycelium is carried out by cultivation of the mycelium, and the cultivation of cheon-ma is carried out by the use of this method, such as the retreat method, the high baecho method, and the fixed bacteria method. It took too long to harvest, yields were small and profitability was inadequate. For example, in the case of Cheonmaja, humans bury the trees that do not artificially inoculate the seed, and the mulberry fungi in the natural state are infested to supply nutrients. This was not smooth, and there was a drawback that it took a long time for a thousand horses to grow. In addition, as a drawback when observing natural cheonma, the spores of the mulberry mushroom in the natural state are in proportion to the green plants, even if the cheonma plant does not exist, only produce mushrooms, Even if the seeds of the cheonma mature and blow in the wind, the mulberry fungi cannot survive without it. Under natural conditions, the probability of both living in one place is very small, and it is very difficult for the conditions of living environment to be optimal.

However, if artificially equipped with both conditions at the same time, the maturation period of the celestial horse can be shortened from 6-7 years to 2-3 years. Even if the mulberry fungi itself in the artificial cultivation area is too vigorous, it can destroy the digestive tissue of the celestial horse and cause pathological infection. Therefore, it is suitable for the growth of the plant of Chunma itself. The genus regulates growth so that it can provide proper nutrition to the horse. As a control method, mulberry mushroom bacteria almost nourishes cheonma with normal conifers (infection), but if the soil, humidity and acidity are not right, the cheonma plant itself shrinks because it is difficult to survive. The mulberry fungus destroys the digestive cell layer of the cheonma cells, so it can cause pathological infestation. The artificial cultivation site also has soil pH = 5.5 ~ 6.0, growth temperature 20 ° ~ 30 ℃ (optimum temperature 25 ℃), and moderate humidity 50 ~ 55%. As for temperature control, it can be controlled by covering sunlight, irrigation and laying leaves.

A) The primary mycelial culture is to take the fruiting body of the mulberry mushroom (Armillaria mellea Fr.), collect the spores from the (wrinkles) behind the fruiting body, and drop it directly on a solid medium to germinate or fungal disease (菌 炳, mushroom). The tissues are removed and cultured. At this time, germination is carried out in a potato medium mixed with agar to obtain the first hyphae. 70-80%. Here, the magnetic and male nuclei are grown to be hybridized and secondary mycelium is grown by nuclear fusion. Here's how to make a potato agar medium: Sterilize potatoes by immersing them in seunghyeol (HgCl ₂ ) for 30 minutes, peeled, weighed 200g, chopped, put them in 1ι of distilled water, boil them for 1 hour, filter the potato leach solution into a flask, and add distilled water to 1ι. Add sugar and agar to boil again. In addition to (potato 200g, sugar 20-30g agar 20-40g, water 100cc) in addition to the mycelia favorite vitamins, hormones, minerals, etc. can grow faster.

B) The secondary mycelia of the Armillaria mellea are binuclear hyphae (with two nuclei of one cell in the mycelium + and-) and the cell and the diaphragm of the cell swell, causing clamping. Doing. The growth range of the second mycelia is 9 ~ 37 ℃, the optimum temperature is 27 ℃. The growth amount in the alley of the mulberry mushroom mycelia is shown in the following second table.

[Table 2]

Growth rate of mulberry mycobacterium secondary mycelia (cultivated at 27 ℃ for 12 days)

Meanwhile, the moisture content of oak and pruning oak logs is as follows.

[Table 3]

Moisture content of wood

However, the second mycelia of mulberry fungi grow well, the humidity is 40-50%, so in order to control the water content in the wood should be buried in the ground of about 30cm depth. The effect of light rays on the development of secondary hyphae dies from the ultraviolet action of the sun's rays when subjected to direct sunlight. Therefore, alleys should be buried in the ground to avoid the rays. However, the growth of the tubers of the celestial horses requires proper geothermal temperature, and the maintenance of the geothermal temperature should be sunlight and thus the surface of the earth should be able to receive sunlight from the direction except north. The development of the second hyphae and the action of gravity are mycelial growth is directional, and because there is a birefringence to find the celestial spheres of Cheonma, buried alleys in the ground to grow mycelia quickly and further promote the development of the silica. Finally, the development of the secondary silica sand is greatly affected by the acidity (pH) of the medium or soil. The pH range is pH5.5 ~ 6.0, so the pH of the soil to bury the alley should be controlled by using other reagents within this range. . Considering the above environmental effects, seedlings are inoculated using oak logs to satisfy the conditions for the growth of secondary mycelia. The alley is about 30 cm deep in the ground with proper pH adjustment. Buried in the place to promote mycelial growth, and then abundantly grow mycelia. If you look at the nutrients of the mycelia, sugar, fat, amino acids, minerals (PO ₄ , K, NH _4, etc.) and moisture is composed of. Mycelia from alleys turn reddish brown initially and turn blackish brown after decay.

The cells of Chunma were stained by fluorescence induction staining and observed under a microscope. When the mycelia invade into the celestial cells, they initially show green fluorescence, and later decay, they show yellow fluorescence, and the residue after losing their vitality shows orange-red fluorescence.

The medium for making a large number of seeds for inoculating mulberry mushroom bacteria obtained by cultivating the first mycelia to wood is sawdust (hardwood) sterilized by mixing rice bran with water in water and sterilized with mulberry mushroom bacteria in it. Incubate for about 45 days. In this case, various hormones, vitamins, and minerals are added to facilitate the culture of the hyphae. The mycelia cultured in this way are called spawn. Inoculate seedlings into the following types of logs in order to generate mycelia using cultured seedlings.

[Table 4]

Suitable tree species

According to the results of the above experiment, select the most suitable tree, oak and prunus oak, and cut the length of 27 ~ 36cm of wood into the length of 60.6 ~ 90.0cm in spring and autumn, and inoculate spawn with the inoculator by drilling a hole with a perforator. . Digging a pit of any size on hillsides or hills in the reaction area, which is a low-quality soil and acidic soil at 300 ~ 1500m above sea level, spreading some soil on the ground with coniferous and deciduous leaves mixed with 1: 2. As described above, inoculate the seedlings of the mulberry fungi, which is the raw material in which the mycelia are growing, that is, the alleys after the seedlings are inoculated, lying sideways at intervals of 36 to 45 cm, and in the interval of 9 to 18 cm. ) Sideways, then cover the whole with fallen leaves and humus. In some cases, alleys are buried upstairs and grown.

Birch trees easily spread mycelia, but the lifespan of alleys was not long. Also, the oak and pruning oaks had different lifespans depending on the thickness of the alleys. If you explain how to ask for self-portraits, even if you put them apart side by side with little space, you can get upright afterwards. For this reason, when you are young, it is difficult to distinguish between front and back, but when there is growth point on one side, Once the stem is cut to the ground, fruiting and leaves the seeds, so physiologically, the growth point rises up to protrude above the ground, so it stands up straight. Here, the technical terms are detailed: a very small length of about 1cm is called a horse, a 3-4cm of a horse is a white horse, and a planter for planting is called a stallion (a horse or a horse). It is pointed out and it is said that it is a thousand horses that are harvested before being harvested, steamed, dried, and commercialized. It is cultivated in spring and autumn respectively, and harvested in the next autumn and spring respectively. Jaguja can be obtained from asexual breeding during the flowering period of cheon-ma and also by artificial germination (oil breeding) of cheon-ma seeds (seeds). Here, as the management of the cultivated land, watering is done every 3-4 days during drying, and weeding and photo-scratching work are carried out before the horses sprout. When it comes to harvesting,

In spring (February to March) and in the fall (October to November), thousands of tubers can be harvested. At this time, the trees are inoculated in spring and autumn, so that alleys with well-grown germs can be buryed or exchanged next to the alleys buried underground. Tubers are all plants whose stems are enlarged underground. Be careful not to hit each other's bulbs for planting, and be careful not to harm the mycelium in the alley or the ground and the mycelium on the white horse. Seeds are low in germination in the natural state without seeding, but can be increased by artificial germination. When the present invention is described as an embodiment as follows.

EXAMPLE

In order to get the mycelium out quickly, I ask for alleys and locusts (horse stallions, white horses) inoculated with the mulberry fungi, which are pine needles. Since it supplies nutrients quickly and absorbs a lot of moisture, it is necessary to control the humidity by mixing coniferous leaves and hardwood leaves in order to maintain proper humidity of 50-55% and to smooth drainage (coniferous tree 1: hardwood tree 2). . This will allow mycelia to get out as quickly as possible.

In addition, in order to maintain the soil moisture properly and to induce the mycelia to attach quickly to the cheonma, potatoes are boiled and sprinkled on the alley. At this time, as an additive, mycelia favorite vitamin B ₁ (jiamine) is diluted in water and sprinkled about 2 ~ 3 times a year on plantation. Thus, the optimum conditions for mycelial growth and mulberry growth of mulberry fungi were prepared, and the weight of the dried and undried (raw) is 30 kg per 3.3 m ² , and the weight of the dried and dried state is 6-7 kg. It is several times to several tens more than the state. In addition, Mamina white horses were re-collected from artificial cultivation sites, increasing the growing area by 4-5 times more than the existing growing area. The harvesting period of the native lived 4 to 5 years, was fully grown within 2 to 3 years and harvested. It was cultivated several times larger than the size of the wild 5-year-old Cheonma and increased in yield.

Status of Cultivated Artificial Cultivation

Location: 186 Jenam-ri, Yeosan-myeon, Iksan-gun, Jeonbuk, Korea Date of planting: December 5, 1979

Cultivation Area: 7 Pyeong Hanging Weight: 18kg

Harvest time: March 3, 1982 Yield: 20 kg

Harvest season: November 28, 1982 Yield: 190kg (including self weight 60kg)

It was cultivated again in 35 pyeong with the weight of 60 kg

Control method: Weeding work in 1.5 and August

2. If there is a drought, watering every week (April to October)

3. Irrigation the outer surface of the planting place was diluted in May to September month once every time the boiled potatoes 10kg water 100ι the month (where appropriate amount hayeoteum diluted dibe relrin, vitamin B _1, etc.)

4. Each year in November, it covered about 6cm of deciduous leaves (softwood) to supply wintering and moisturizing nutrients and to prevent grass.

The present invention can not only artificially cultivate cheon horses in this excellent way, but also to meet the required demand at a reasonable price by mass harvesting is a breakthrough method in cultivation of horses. The artificial cultivated tuber is the same as that of natural cheonma.

Claims (1)

Inoculating mulberry fungi (Armillaria Fr. Armillaria mellea (Fr. Kast)) incubated with known seed culture methods, inoculate them by cutting holes with a length of 60.6-90.0cm in the spring and autumn and cutting them with a length of 60.6-90.0cm. They are inoculated with seedlings and dug them into hills or hills of semi-neutral soils of 300 ~ 1500m above sea level and acid soils, and spread coniferous and hardwood leaves mixed with 1: 2 on the ground. After sprinkling, put alleys, which are the trees after inoculation of seeds, to the side with 36 ~ 45cm intervals, and put the domains (horses and white horses) at intervals of 9 ~ 18cm between them. Artificial cultivation of Chunma, which is characterized by covering and growing.

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