CN105900685A - Grifola umbellate and pteridium aquilinum mixed planting method - Google Patents
Grifola umbellate and pteridium aquilinum mixed planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105900685A CN105900685A CN201610289744.9A CN201610289744A CN105900685A CN 105900685 A CN105900685 A CN 105900685A CN 201610289744 A CN201610289744 A CN 201610289744A CN 105900685 A CN105900685 A CN 105900685A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention provides a grifola umbellate and pteridium aquilinum mixed planting method. The method mainly includes the steps of land selection, time selection, cultivation material selection, planting method selection, field management, harvesting and processing and the like. The cultivation technique that fungus sticks and thin branches are replaced with pteridium aquilinum is provided for grifola umbellate cultivation, and the mixed planting technique of grifola umbellate and pteridium aquilinum or fernbrake is especially provided. The yield per unit area is promoted to be equal to or larger than the yield of grifola umbellate planted through wood traditionally. The content of main components of the produced grifola umbellate product is higher than the standard of the pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. The use amount of the wood is reduced. Through grifola umbellate and pteridium aquilinum mixed planting, farmers produce and sell pteridium aquilinum or fernbrake while producing and selling grifola umbellate, and the economic income of the farmers is directly increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation, particularly relate to a kind of umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting method.
Background technology
Umbellate pore furgus another name wild boar food, wild boar excrement, black peach, wild boar Siberian cocklebur etc., for the sclerotium of On Polyporaceae umbellate pore furgus, China is traditional
Rare Chinese medicine.Umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting effectively alleviates a difficult problem for umbellate pore furgus cultivation and felling timber, adds the economy at plantation family simultaneously
Income, lays a good foundation for the healthy and orderly development of umbellate pore furgus industry.
Umbellate pore furgus in the majority in being grown in half cloudy the half light forest land, especially spinney of height above sea level about 1000m～3500m throughout the year, be frequently grown in
On the tree root of the broad leaf trees such as birch, willow, Qing Gangshu, white poplar.Umbellate pore furgus suitable growth is abundant, rotten at loosing soil, organic matter
Grow that acid content is high, the gradient is at the sandy loam of 15～50 degree.The umbellate pore furgus sensitive to temperature, subsurface 5cm temperature is when 8～9 DEG C
Starting growth, grow the suitableeest when 15～24 DEG C, 25～30 DEG C of mycelia stop growing, and enter short-term dormancy, or grow fructification,
Spend poor environment, multiply and live with spore.In the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, subsurface 5cm temperature enters again the winter dormancy phase less than 8 DEG C.1 year
In 4～June and 9～active growth phase that October is umbellate pore furgus mycelia.The umbellate pore furgus distribution depth in soil is uneven, and the most shallow exposes ground
Table, the deepest about 1m away from earth's surface.The water content of soil is suitable with 30%～50%, and cultivation umbellate pore furgus should select pH value to be 5～6.7
Subacidity or neutral soil.Umbellate pore furgus can not directly parasitize on tree root, it is necessary to relying on halimasch to supply nutrients, Armillaria is in parasitism
Shape fungi, halimasch not only can colonize on rotten timber, moreover it is possible to colonizes on fresh and alive tree root.
Umbellate pore furgus artificial cultivation need to use bacterium branch excellent, thin, umbellate pore furgus cultivation need to cut down timber, cause umbellate pore furgus industry development to make ecological vegetation
Become to destroy.Solve the contradiction that the development of umbellate pore furgus industry size mutually restricts with ecological protection, be the master being badly in need of during current agricultural produces solving
Want problem.
Summary of the invention
For solving to need to cut down timber during the umbellate pore furgus of prior art is cultivated, cause the problems such as ecological vegetation is destroyed.The present invention proposes one
Kind fern root replacement bacterium in umbellate pore furgus is cultivated is excellent, the cultivation technique of thin branch, particularly to a kind of umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting technology.
One umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting method of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) selection of land: select height above sea level 1200m～2500m deep, humus is many, loose sandy loam；
2) when selecting: umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting is 3～May or September in autumn；
3) planting material is selected:
A. prepared by halimasch
A. female separation planted and cultivation；Gathering wild oak bacterium in 6～robur growth in July animated period, system of certainly picking up from is from numerous oak bacterial classification
Source；1. mother culture media: potato, glucose, wheat bran skin, magnesium sulfate etc. are some；2. collocation method；
B. the making of original seed (two grades) culture medium；Wood chip, rice bran, sugar etc. are some, through spice, inoculate, the operation such as cultivation
Make material distributing bottle；
C. cultigen makes；Culture medium early stage made is some with robur branch, wood chip, wheat bran, sugar etc., pro rata
Aqueous phase is mixed uniformly；Bottle after mixing, the fines envelope bottleneck of 30%, clean the tampon sterilizing beyond the Great Wall of bottleneck fines.Temperature is treated during sterilizing
Degree is ceased fire after keeping 12 hours when reaching 100 DEG C, and took the dish out of the pot after one hour cooling inoculation, enters culturing room and cultivates, after 60 days
Use；
B. umbellate pore furgus seed selection
The growth selection Dark grey of 2～3 years or glossy black look have toughness and fraicheur sclerotia as umbellate pore furgus seed；
C. the selection of fern root
Excavating fresh and alive fern root, the length of fern root is advisable with 15～20cm, to guarantee the survival rate of fern root；
D. humic sandy loam and the selection of dry wood leaf prepare wood leaf fertile soil
Excavate the fallen leaves humic sandy loam of Qing Gangshu, willow or other broad leaf trees；Gather blue or green hilllock trunk wood leaf standby.
4) implantation methods: tunnel cultivation step is:
A. dig length and width, deep ratio be suitable for tunnel, hole the end dig pine leveling, hole in spread a thin layer pulverized limestone sterilization, to reduce pig
Siberian cocklebur growth course infects miscellaneous bacteria and disease occurs；Described tunnel can also be surrounded by wooden stick, plank, stone or fragment of brick and constitute cultivation
Training place；
B. the humic sandy loam being encased inside and dry wood leaf, put into halimasch, halimasch branch is uniformly sprinkling upon on fertile soil；Preferably,
Halimasch is put into according to the amount of 2 halimasch of umbellate pore furgus seed demand of 0.5kg；
C. being sown into umbellate pore furgus seed and fresh and alive fern root, its mass ratio is 1: 2～1: 5；When putting umbellate pore furgus seed and halimasch kind, be by
Both put together, and fern root is sown between umbellate pore furgus seed by between-line spacing；
D. cover the humic sandy loam of 10～15cm, then the one layer of dry wood leaf spreading thickness 3～5cm, be compacted gently, with heat and moisture preserving.
5) field management:
1. weeding promotees fern；
2. water management
The moisture content of soil is 30%～50%, and two weeks waters once, keep ground moistening, loose, do not harden, prevention waterlogging of taking precautions against drought；
Preferably, the moisture content of soil is 30%～40%；
3. it is strictly on guard against that people and animals trample；
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Umbellate pore furgus cultivation prevents the infringement of cutworm, julid
6) pick and process
The umbellate pore furgus cultivation production cycle is 2～5 years, it is preferred that the growth cycle of umbellate pore furgus cultivation is 4～5 years；Umbellate pore furgus the whole year can
Gathering, it is preferred that the collecting season of umbellate pore furgus is spring, Qiu Liangji, what look black substance was hard is referred to as old core, as commodity umbellate pore furgus；Color and luster is fresh
Tender taupe or yellow umbellate pore furgus, the soft high resilience of nucleome, energy for growth are strong, as umbellate pore furgus seed.
Going always to stay children when results, the sclerotia impurity elimination that will have gathered in the crops, without umbellate pore furgus fresh, the dry sale of earth, finished product dry umbellate pore furgus water
Divide less than 11%.
By a kind of umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting method of the present invention, it is no longer necessary to felling timber, umbellate pore furgus industry development decreases ecological vegetation
The destruction caused, is more beneficial for the benign development of ecological environment.
The present invention mainly has the advantage that
1, umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting, its yield per unit area is equal to or more than the tradition yield of timber plantation umbellate pore furgus, volume increase at least pig
3～5 times of Siberian cocklebur seed and more than.
2, umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting, its component content of umbellate pore furgus product produced all equal to or higher than the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
Standard.
3, decrease timber to use.Umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting, solves the bottleneck that development umbellate pore furgus industry mutually restricts with protecting ecology conscientiously；
The problem simultaneously solving restriction umbellate pore furgus industry size development.
4, umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting, while plantation family production and sales umbellate pore furgus, production and sales are fainted tongue (fiddlehead), directly increase plantation family
Income.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the flow chart of the present invention
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the summary of the invention of the present invention is described in further detail.Should be understood that the enforcement of the present invention
Example is served only for illustrating the present invention without limiting the present invention, in the case of without departing from the technology of the present invention thought, according to the common skill in this area
Art knowledge and customary means, the various replacements made and change, all should be included within the scope of the invention.
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, as shown in Figure 1:
1, milpa selects
Umbellate pore furgus cultivation is typically chosen that the soil layer of height above sea level 1200m～2500m is deep, humus is many, loose sandy loam, wildwood,
All can cultivate in scondary forest, orchard, crop land, Around the house, institute, plot be required not strict, do not limited by physical features, it is simple to
The place of management all can be cultivated.
2, planting time
Umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting spring 3～May or autumn 9 monthly can, at this moment umbellate pore furgus is just being spent rest period and is entering growth period, close ring bacterium
Being also at growth period, both can mutually set up good symbiosis.Optimum cultivating period is lunar calendar February in spring～March, pig during this period of time
Siberian cocklebur fern tongue companion planting is fern tongue survival rate optimum season, it is necessary to does a good job of it and robs cultivation, finishes in time.Fern tongue root to keep fresh and alive with adopting with cultivation
Property.
3, the selection of planting material
Halimasch is the Major Nutrient source for umbellate pore furgus growth, first to cultivate halimasch before cultivation umbellate pore furgus；Choose umbellate pore furgus kind Siberian cocklebur,
Excavate fern tongue root, get out fertile soil and dry wood leaf.With 1m2As a example by (a brood of):
3.1 halimasch.Umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting, the preparation of halimasch kind, select particularly critical.Inferior halimasch is used to make
Fern tongue root growth is slow, there is also the phenomenons such as fern tongue root rot time serious.The preparation method of halimasch is as follows: 1. female separation planted
With cultivation.Gathering wild oak bacterium in 6～robur growth in July animated period, system of certainly picking up from is from numerous oak bacterial classification source.1. mother culture media:
Potato, glucose, wheat bran skin, magnesium sulfate etc. are some；2. collocation method (omiting).2. the making of original seed (two grades) culture medium.
Wood chip, rice bran, sugar etc. are some, through spice, inoculate, the operation such as cultivation makes material distributing bottle.3. cultigen makes.By early stage system
The culture medium performed is some with robur branch, wood chip, wheat bran, sugar etc., and pro rata aqueous phase is mixed uniformly.Bottle after mixing, 30%
Fines envelope bottleneck, cleans the tampon sterilizing beyond the Great Wall of bottleneck fines.Ceasing fire after keeping 12 hours when temperature reaches 100 DEG C during sterilizing, one is little
Took the dish out of the pot time after cooling inoculation, enters culturing room and cultivates, can use after 60 days.
3.2 kinds of Siberian cockleburs select.Umbellate pore furgus seed selection to be selected and to grown the Dark grey of 2～3 years or glossy black look has toughness and fraicheur umbellate pore furgus bacterium
Core, the most aging, degenerate, can not the using of symptom (Lao Pi the most stiff, hard have eye, end face be dark brown and yellow).
3.2 fern roots.Excavating fresh and alive fern root 5～7.5kg, the length of fern root is advisable with 15～20cm, to guarantee the survival rate of fern root.
3.2 fertile soil and dry wood leaf.Excavate the fallen leaves humic sandy loam 100kg of the broad leaf tree such as Qing Gangshu, willow；Gather the blue or green Gang Shu (people
Between be commonly called as Astilbo idestabularis (Hemsl.) Engler tree) dry wood leaf 20kg is standby.
4, cultural method
The long 80cm that digs pit, wide 80cm, deep 30cm are cultivated in 4.1 tunnels, and pine leveling is dug at the end, hole, spreads the sterilization of a thin layer pulverized limestone in cheating,
To reduce, umbellate pore furgus growth course infects miscellaneous bacteria and disease generation.It is encased inside 8～10cm thick wooden leaf fertile soil, puts into halimasch 6～10
Bottle, is sprinkling upon on fertile soil uniformly by halimasch, and halimasch is sprinkled into according to the ratio of 0.5kg 2 bottles of halimasch of kind Siberian cocklebur.It is sown into umbellate pore furgus
Seed 1.5～2.5kg, fresh and alive fern root 5～7.5kg.Put with parallel lines form when putting kind of Siberian cocklebur, between every 2 kind Siberian cockleburs between
Away from being 15cm for 10cm, line-spacing, till putting full hole；When putting halimasch kind, halimasch kind and kind Siberian cocklebur to be suffered and be placed on one
Rise, line-spacing consistent with kind Siberian cocklebur；Fern root is sown into spacing a line a line between the line-spacing of kind of Siberian cocklebur of 6～8cm.Plant Siberian cocklebur, halimasch
After kind, fern root are well placed, the wooden leaf fertile soil of covering 10～15cm, then spread one layer of wooden leaf of thick 3～5cm, it is compacted gently, with
Heat and moisture preserving.Tunnel is cultivated with 1m2For a brood of principle, umbellate pore furgus has edge benefit in growth course, typically the umbellate pore furgus at edge
Growing the most vigorous, growing way is more preferable.
4.2 accumulation load method
Preloading is not digged pit at cultivation area exactly, impales a cultivation area with wooden stick or plank, stone, fragment of brick etc..Accumulation load method needs
Some fertile soil that prepare, as the consumption of other materials is cultivated with tunnel, the cultural method of preloading is identical with tunnel cultivation more.
5, field management
The key period of umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting field management at First Year to spring next year, it is to be ensured that the survival rate of fern tongue and normal growth,
The vigorous growth to umbellate pore furgus of fern tongue survival rate Seedling height is the most particularly important.
5.1 weed out the rank grass
Umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting First Year mainly weeds out the rank grass to the field management in spring next year, is called weeding and promotees fern, removes weeds and promotees
Enter the many batches of normal growths of fern tongue.
5.2 water management
Whether umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting lack of water, can directly react on fern tongue blade.The most different seasons to the demand of moisture also
Difference, halimasch can in water normal growth, umbellate pore furgus then requires soil moisture content 30%～40%, and moisture is slightly larger, umbellate pore furgus because of
Hypoventilation and nutrition can not be absorbed from halimasch shoestring.The water content of soil is suitable with 30%～50%, about general two weeks
Water once, keep ground moistening, loose, do not harden, the umbellate pore furgus fern tongue demand to moisture can be met.
5.3 are strictly on guard against that people and animals trample
Umbellate pore furgus fern tongue cultivation area forbids people and animals to trample, and damage fern tongue emerges growth.Whether vigorous the growth of fern tongue is, is directly connected to pig
The yield of Siberian cocklebur, growing of fern tongue to be paid much attention to.To water during lack of water, it is noted that water drainage during waterlogging caused by excessive rain, both umbellate pore furgus fern tongues have
Individual general character, all can not soak for a long time in water, has soaked long to cause and has rotted or dead.
6, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Umbellate pore furgus cultivation main harm is insect pest, mainly has the insect such as cutworm, julid.
6.1 cutworm
Cutworm cries again grub, is main subterranean pest-insect, and it is mainly stung and bites tender umbellate pore furgus and fern tongue root.
Prevention and controls: plough deeply time before cultivation in the fall ground, deeply rake the soil level, destroy their environment of surviving the winter, a large amount of larva that freezes to death, pupa and
Adult, reduces quantity of surviving the winter.With pesticide-clay mixture or period poison bait, every mu of use 10% diazinon granule 1～1.5kg, soil 15kg, mixing
After be sprinkling upon in cultivation pit；Or every mu of use 6% phoxim granule 5kg mixes soil and is sprinkling upon in cultivation pit.
6.2 julid
Julid is named again thousand-legger.
Prevention and controls: use 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate agent, pour into milpa after least concentration pairing illustratively, generally 1000
About times.Hereafter note prevention, such as clear up surrounding environment, break off worm source etc., it is possible to every 3～7 days to around spraying a desinsection
Medicine, can prevent and cut off insect sources.
7, pick and process
Umbellate pore furgus is perennial habit, and in one or two years, yield is the highest, cultivates 3 or four years
It is to breed vigorous period.The umbellate pore furgus cultivation general production cycle is 2～3 years, within 4～5 years, is optimal, and the long yield of growth time increases accordingly.
The umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting cycle, the longest umbellate pore furgus was longer for growth period, and yield is higher, and double benefit is more preferable.Umbellate pore furgus can be gathered the whole year, with
Spring, season in autumn two gather as most preferably.What look black substance was hard is referred to as old core, here it is commodity umbellate pore furgus.The fresh and tender taupe of color and luster or yellow pig
Siberian cocklebur, the soft high resilience of general nucleome, the grey Siberian cocklebur that energy for growth is strong make umbellate pore furgus seed.
To go always to stay children when results, the sclerotia impurity elimination that will have gathered in the crops, the umbellate pore furgus fresh, dry without earth all can sell, and finished product is dry
Umbellate pore furgus moisture should be less than 11%.The pitch-black gloss of umbellate pore furgus crust, body weight, solid, section is pure white or yellow person is preferred.
Claims (7)
1. a umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting method, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:
1) selection of land: select height above sea level 1200m～2500m deep, humus is many, loose sandy loam；
2) when selecting: umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting is 3～May or September in autumn；
3) planting material is selected:
A. prepared by halimasch
A. female separation planted and cultivation；
B. the making of pedigree seed culture medium；
C. halimasch cultigen makes；
B. umbellate pore furgus seed selection
The growth selection Dark grey of 2～3 years or glossy black look have toughness and fraicheur sclerotia as umbellate pore furgus seed；
C. the selection of fern root
Excavating fresh and alive fern root, the length of fern root is advisable with 15～20cm, to guarantee the survival rate of fern root；
D. humic sandy loam and the selection of dry wood leaf prepare wood leaf fertile soil
Excavate the fallen leaves humic sandy loam of Qing Gangshu, willow or other broad leaf trees；Gather blue or green hilllock trunk wood leaf standby.
4) implantation methods: tunnel cultivation；
5) field management:
1. weeding promotees fern；
2. water management
The water content of soil is with 30%～50%, and two weeks waters once, keep ground moistening, loose, do not harden, prevention waterlogging of taking precautions against drought；
3. it is strictly on guard against that people and animals trample；
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Umbellate pore furgus cultivation prevents the infringement of cutworm, julid
6) pick and process
The umbellate pore furgus cultivation production cycle is 2～5 years, and umbellate pore furgus can be gathered the whole year, and what look black substance was hard is referred to as old core, as market pig
Siberian cocklebur；The fresh and tender taupe of color and luster or yellow umbellate pore furgus, the soft high resilience of nucleome, energy for growth are strong, as umbellate pore furgus seed.
Going always to stay children when results, the sclerotia impurity elimination that will have gathered in the crops, without umbellate pore furgus fresh, the dry sale of earth, the dry umbellate pore furgus of finished product
Moisture is less than 11%.
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting method, it is characterised in that: described step 4) in tunnel plant
The step of training method is:
A. dig length and width, deep ratio be suitable for tunnel, hole the end dig pine leveling, hole in spread a thin layer pulverized limestone sterilization, with reduce
Umbellate pore furgus growth course infects miscellaneous bacteria and disease occurs；
B. the humic sandy loam being encased inside and dry wood leaf, put into halimasch, halimasch branch is uniformly sprinkling upon on fertile soil；
C. being sown into umbellate pore furgus seed and fresh and alive fern root, its mass ratio is 1: 2～1: 5；When putting umbellate pore furgus seed and halimasch kind,
Both being put together, fern root is sown between umbellate pore furgus seed by between-line spacing；
D. cover the humic sandy loam of 10～15cm, then the one layer of dry wood leaf spreading thickness 3～5cm, be compacted gently, with heat and moisture preserving.
3. a kind of umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: in step a of described cultural method
In, described tunnel is surrounded by wooden stick, plank, stone or fragment of brick and constitutes cultivation area.
4. a kind of umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: in described step b, according to 0.5kg
The amount of 2 halimasch of umbellate pore furgus seed demand put into halimasch.
5. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting method, it is characterised in that: described step 5) 2. in soil
Moisture content is 30%～40%.
6. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting method, it is characterised in that: described step 6) in umbellate pore furgus cultivation
Growth cycle be 4～5 years.
7. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of umbellate pore furgus fern tongue companion planting method, it is characterised in that: described step 6) in the adopting of umbellate pore furgus
Receipts seasons is spring, Qiu Liangji.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107242001A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-10-13 | 海南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of detoxification sweet potato potato seed method for culturing seedlings |
| CN109588210A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-04-09 | 重庆市药物种植研究所 | Artificial induction's method of stone-like omphalia fructification |
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