CN102077748B - Technique and method for off-season cultivating of organic bamboo shoots - Google Patents
Technique and method for off-season cultivating of organic bamboo shoots Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technique and method for off-season cultivating of organic bamboo shoots, and concretely relates to a cultivation technique and method for cultivating the organic bamboo shoots in advance by a season, and therefore, the bamboo shoots which are eaten in March or April can be eaten on New Year's Day and during Spring Festival in advance to meet the living needs of people and increase the planting benefit of the bamboo shoots. In the cultivation technique, pesticide, chemical fertilizer, growth regulators, hormone, herbicides and the like are not used. Bamboo shoots organic base certification, variety selection, site selection, plantation and forestation, cultivation in advance, self-made decomposed manure, organic matter plastic film mulching and scientific fertilization are adopted; minerals and botanical insecticide are used for controlling diseases and insect pests; natural enemies of pests, the inherent phototaxis and the flavor-directed performance of the pests are used for capturing and killing the pests, the purposes of eliminating the pests and protecting beneficial insects are achieved, conditions, such as light, heat, air and the like, are fully utilized, an environment which is beneficial to the growth of the organic bamboo shoots and bamboo shoots is created, the purposes of advance yield and high yield are achieved, the organic bamboo shoots are produced efficiently, and economic income is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to anti-season and cultivate the technology and method of organic thunder bamboo shoot, relate to specifically a kind of ahead of time culture technique and a method of cultivating organic thunder bamboo shoot season, allowing should be three, the April edible thunder bamboo shoot, edible on New Year's Day, Spring Festival ahead of time.To meet people's living needs and to improve the planting benefit of thunder bamboo shoot.
Background technology
Lei Zhu is a kind of Fine Shoot Bamboo Species kind of China, has and goes out bamboo shoot every year, go out bamboo shoot early, the bamboo shoot phase is long, bamboo shoot are delicious, mouthfeel is sweet tender, output is high, good in economic efficiency, features such as strong adaptability, and have higher nutritive value and commodity value.
The conventional thunder bamboo shoot technology and method of cultivating of application, the long bamboo shoot of Lei Zhu, in Zhejiang and Yangtze River Delta Area generally three, the April, when the spring, rainfall is abundant, can fully meet and bamboo shoot needs, can cultivate seasonal thunder bamboo shoot edible for people.But before and after the Ching Ming Festival, the thunder bamboo shoot of sale are because output is concentrated, landings are many, can only sell for 1 kilogram of 1.6～2 yuan, conventional cultivation thunder bamboo shoot, one mu of thunder bamboo shoot is by normal yield results, output is generally 1000 kilograms of left and right, and annual income/mu is 1600～2000 yuan of left and right, and its economic benefit is lower.
If, routine is cultivated to thunder bamboo shoot technology and method to be changed into and cultivates organic thunder bamboo shoot technology and method by anti-season, not only common thunder bamboo shoot can be promoted to organic thunder bamboo shoot, organic thunder bamboo shoot are sold to coming into the market at New Year's Day, Spring Festival ahead of time, and make organic thunder bamboo shoot extend campaign, increase exponentially output, make the per mu yield of organic thunder bamboo shoot reach 2000～2200 kilograms of left and right, organic thunder bamboo shoot price of selling on New Year's Day, Spring Festival and be 8～10 times of conventional thunder bamboo shoot, generally, at 24～34 yuan 1 kilogram, one mu of organic thunder bamboo shoot annual income is 48000～74800 yuan of left and right.
Summary of the invention
One, the object of invention:
The technology and method of cultivating organic thunder bamboo shoot by anti-season substitutes the conventional technology and method of cultivating thunder bamboo shoot, make organic thunder bamboo shoot of cultivating in New Year's Day, Spring Festival listing, offer organic thunder bamboo shoot people's green, nuisanceless environmental protection, high-quality, high yield, for people's safety, healthy, nutrition is edible.Meet people's living needs, to obtain higher economic well-being of workers and staff.
Two, the feature of invention:
Cultivate in organic thunder bamboo shoot process in anti-season; adopt ahead of time and cultivate, do not use artificial synthetic agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, weed killer herbicide, growth regulator, hormone etc.; organic thunder bamboo shoot are produced and reach nuisanceless, green, environmental protection growth; apply organic bamboo grove, organic manure, carry out prevention and elimination of disease and pests with mineral matter and plant medical agent; utilize pest natural enemy, the intrinsic light that becomes, the taste performance that becomes of insect to catch and kill insect; adopt pheromones sex attractant, black light lamp to catch and kill the moth pests; utilize the methods such as yellow plate trapping aphid; reach kill pests, protect useful insect.
Cultivation technology is by film-mulching techniques such as fertilizer, the leaf of bamboo, rice chaff, straw, knot bar, green manure, barnyard manure, cultivation, rational close planting, bamboo plantation afforestation, management, the technology such as fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest, make full use of the conditions such as organic bamboo base, fertilizer, water, light, heat, gas, create an environment that is conducive to organic thunder bamboo shoot growth, to reach the highly efficient and productive organic thunder bamboo shoot of production.Make the organic thunder bamboo shoot that produce become nuisanceless, environmental protection, safe, highly efficient and productive, the food of edible nourishing, health, it will be loved by the people.
Make organic thunder bamboo shoot be rich in protein, fat, carbohydrate, carotin, vitamin, raw fiber and calcium, phosphorus, iron etc.
Three, anti-season is cultivated the technology and method of organic thunder bamboo shoot:
(1), the requirement of organic thunder bamboo shoot cultivation base:
1, organic thunder bamboo shoot base, will carry out the authentication of OFDC certification authority in China; Likely be subject to the impact that pollute in contiguous conventional plot for fear of Zhong You plot, organic thunder bamboo shoot production base, must set up buffer strip or physical barrier.Certification authority of China to the requirement of surrounding isolation strip, base length for being separated by 8 meters.
2, select the integrality in organic thunder bamboo shoot base.The soil in base should be complete plot, can not accompany therebetween and carry out the conventional plot producing, but allow to exist organic conversion plot; Organic thunder bamboo shoot production base and conventional plot intersection must have visible marking, as mountains and rivers, river, massif, mound, booth, the artificial isolation strip arranging etc.
3, must there is the transition period.Conventionally needed for 2 years by conventional grown place system to the conversion of organic production base, after the thunder bamboo shoot of cultivation results, just can be used as organic products thereafter; Thunder bamboo shoot, need to be through just becoming organic thunder bamboo shoot 3 year conversion time before results.The time started of transition period, the producer must operate by organic production requirement completely in the transition period from calculating from certification authority's application authentication.The thunder bamboo shoot that grow in bamboo grove after organic conversion in 1 year, can be used as organic conversion crop and sell.
4, the selection in organic Lei Zhu base, whole ground, determine strain, dig cave, fertilising:
(1) addressing in base:
The foundation in Lei Zhu base should be selected to have a good transport service, flat slope or the level land of the gradient between 3～5 degree, soil is deep, small stream river bank bank, beach ground and the well-drained vacant lot of Around the house of the low mound of loose fertile, moistening, subacidity or neutral sandy loam, Plain, alluviation.
(2) wholely, determine strain:
The whole ground in Lei Zhu base, takes entirely to cultivate whole ground, and before afforestation,, the thing such as weeds, shrub, stub, stone, cultivates about dark 25～30cm in removing the garden in, and ground accomplishes that centre is high, and surrounding is low.Adopt long 2.5 meters × wide 2.5 meters to divide grid, fixed 1 acupuncture point at every 1 grid center, every mu of kind 110 strain left and right, or adopt long 3 meters × wide 3 meters to divide grid, and fixed 1 acupuncture point at every 1 grid center, every mu of kind 75 strain left and right, determine rational close planting number.
(3) dig cave, fertilising:
Dig cave by the predetermined strain number of planting.Dig cave specification: diameter 50～60cm, dark 60～70cm, cake fertilizer 1～1.5kg and fertilizer 20～25kg for every cave, and soil mixes thoroughly, in backfill cave.
(2), the selection of Lei Zhu, excavation and afforestation:
1, the selection of organic thunder bamboo shoot kind.Kind selects should consider to adapt to local soil and climatic characteristic, there is organic thunder bamboo and identify definite bamboo kind, damage by disease and insect is had to the kind of resistance and the kind of premature labor bamboo shoot, optional " spire thunder bamboo ", it goes out the bamboo shoot phase than " wide leaf thunder bamboo " Zao 10～15 days, and bamboo shoot mouthfeel is sweet tender, and output is high, economic benefit is higher than " wide leaf thunder bamboo ", and in production, multiselect is planted with " spire thunder bamboo ".
2, female bamboo is selected.Select female bamboo at people's breastheight place, its girth is at 8～18cm, and 1～2 year raw Hsinchu, point skill are short, skill leafiness, and the thunder bamboo of anosis worm, robust growth is female bamboo.
3, the excavation of female bamboo.When female bamboo is excavated, stay whip 20～30cm, remove whip 30～40cm, note protection whip bud and whip root; Female bamboo root and stem of certain plants band mass of soil diameter is no less than 30～40cm, after female bamboo has dug, with straw rope or sackcloth bag mass of soil, then, cuts skill defoliation, stays branch 6～8 dishes, cuts the bamboo tip, and otch is smooth.Defoliation 3/4ths, in case moisture evaporation, and water water in bamboo root soil portion.
4, the afforestation of Lei Zhu.
(1) Afforestation Time.Lei Zhu can plant throughout the year, and 9～November of autumn and winter and February in early spring are optimum season.
(2) method for planting.After female bamboo is transported to planting site, plant in time, before cultivation, suitably finishing cave is native with pad.Again female bamboo is put into cave, untie straw rope or sackcloth bag, allow whip root naturally unfold, make the native close contact of bamboo root and stem of certain plants bottom and pad, make female bamboo root and stem of certain plants soil face than the dark 8～10cm of the native face in cave, more from bottom to top, back-filling in layers cave soil, the outer cave of steady and sure bamboo root and stem of certain plants soil, makes bamboo whip closely engage with cave soil, after planting, water and determine strain cave night soil 15～20kg, then train that one deck is thin to loosen the soil, on cave, cover one deck straw or tangerine bar, then cover nylon film, surrounding is good by soil pressure, to keep moisture, improve survival rate.
(3) green manuring or vegetables.Utilize the vacant lot outside plantation female bamboo cave, plantation Chinese milk vetch or lucerne or vegetables, with the organic soil of fostering and apply fertilizer.
(3), the management of thunder bamboo grove:
1, after-culture in time.Afforestation then, is pulled out and after-culture in time for withered female bamboo.
2, weeding is loosened the soil.Loosen the soil by weeding, the contention weeding a garden to thunder bamboo liquid manure, improves organic performance of soil, favourable promotion organic bamboo shoot growth.Bamboo grove weeding is loosened the soil, annual 3～4 times.While loosening the soil, notice that shallow, the far away root and stem of certain plants of the nearly root and stem of certain plants is dark.General the 1st time between 5～June, 20～25cm is ploughed deeply in weeding, cuts out old bamboo whip, notes protection Hsinchu whip and strong whip; The 2nd time between 9～October, the weeding 12～15cm that loosens the soil is dark, the 3rd time between 2～March of next year, the shallow hoe of weeding.The production of organic thunder bamboo shoot generally adopts artificial weeding and removes in time.The cultivation of organic thunder bamboo shoot can not be used weed killer herbicide, can utilize black film mulching, suppresses weed growth.Contain weeds in use fertilizer time, need to make it become thoroughly decomposed completely, thereby kill weed seed, reduce the growth of organic thunder bamboo shoot woods weeds.
Weeds control limits by employing the culture technique that weed growth is grown, and uses stalk, straw etc. to cover weeding as provided; Employing digs, manually, machinery and electric heating weeding; Ban use of gene engineering product and chemical herbicide weeding.
3, apply fertilizers scientifically
(1) apply fertilizer according to thunder bamboo different growing stages:
Have every year for thunder bamboo: the feature in long whip phase, differentiation of shoot bud phase, pregnant bamboo shoot phase and long 4 vegetative period of bamboo shoot phase, apply fertilizers scientifically, promote the growth of bamboo shoots.General annual 4 times of bamboo grove fertilising, fertilizing amount increases with bamboo amount in bamboo grove, suitably increases year by year.The 1st time between 1～February, execute and urge bamboo shoot fertilizer, short bamboo shoots how long, flesh up.Every Cong Zhu executes and water 50% night soil 6～10kg, executes organic green manure 15～20kg.Method is: first cover fertilizer, after execute night soil.The 2nd time between June, execute long whip fertilizer, the short multiple whip of female bamboo, send out whip strong.Every Cong Zhu executes the night soil 8～10kg with water 30%, organic fertilizer 18～25kg.The 3rd time between September, execute vernalization fertilizer, the short multiple bamboo shoot bud of bamboo whip, send out bud strong.Every Cong Zhu executes the night soil 8～10kg with water 20%, organic fertilizer 20～25kg.Last 1 time between 11～December, execute pregnant bamboo shoot fertilizer, every Cong Zhu executes cake fertilizer 1～1.5kg, farm organic fertilizer 25～30kg, execute and the night soil 8～10kg of water 20%.Method is: first execute cake fertilizer, then cover fertilizer, after execute night soil.
(2), fertilizer practice
Adopt fertilizer and green manuring technology.General homemade Chicken dung, duck excrement, pig manure, barnyard manure, night soil, tangerine bar, green manure, straw, sugarcane skin, rice chaff, the organic wastes etc. of adopting are fertilizer or the use organic grow special fertilizer of raw material.In the time using the organic manure that oneself is prepared or heap is made, must fully become thoroughly decomposed, be conducive to organic thunder bamboo, the absorption of thunder bamboo shoot to organic nutrient.Fertilizer nutrient content is low, discharges slowly, and it is sufficient that consumption is wanted, and to ensure enough nutrient supplies, otherwise organic thunder bamboo shoot there will be fertilizer deficiency symptom, and growth retardation, affects output.Discharge shortcoming slowly for organic manure available nutrient in early stage, can utilize certain micro-organisms, as there is the organic grow special fertilizer of the effect such as fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, accelerate nutrient release, nutrient accumulation through the activity of these beneficial bacteriums, promote organic thunder bamboo, the effective utilization of thunder bamboo shoot to nutrient, also can be with add suitable quantity of water to water short its growth of Lei Zhu through the night soil becoming thoroughly decomposed.
(3), the kind of manure use material: the ight soil of animal and residual body, plant retting fertilizer, green manure, ash, cake fertilizer, tangerine bar, straw, sugarcane skin, rice chaff, organic waste, scorched clay dust etc.; Mineral matter class: the materials such as potassium breeze, rock phosphate, calcium chloride; The organic fertilizer and the part microbial manure that also have Organic certification mechanism to authenticate in addition.
(4), the Harmless processing of fertilizer: fertilizer need carry out Harmless processing in 2～3 months before executing, and is preferably in and just carries out the year before fertilizer to carry out Harmless processing; At summer or high temperature season, fertilizer is added to 2～3% lime, that water-sprinkling is mixed is wet, accumulation, plastic covering film, makes its abundant fermentation maturity.In yeast phase heap, temperature is up to 60～70 ℃, can effectively kill in farm organic fertilizer with sick worm and crop smothering, and fertilizer after treatment is easily absorbed by organic thunder bamboo, thunder bamboo shoot.
(5), the using method of fertilizer
(1) fertilizing amount: the soil of organic thunder bamboo shoot plantation, in the time of manure use material, should be accomplished: use the ratio of animal and plant fertilizer should rest in 1: 1 for well.1500～2000 kilograms of general every mu of organic fertilizers, 100～150 kilograms, cake fertilizer, imposes 40～50 kilograms of organic fertilizers, 1800～2000 kilograms of night soils.
(2) use sufficient base fertilizer: total fertilization amount 70～80%, as base fertilizer, is beneficial to thunder bamboo Root Absorption.
(3) skilful spraying fertilizer: when the growth of thunder bamboo shoot, organic fertilizer can be sprinkled into Lei Zhugen side and water water, or watering around thunder bamboo root after being in harmonious proportion with the night soil water becoming thoroughly decomposed.
(4) anti-season is cultivated technical essential and the method for thunder bamboo, thunder bamboo shoot:
The organic thunder bamboo shoot of anti-season culture technique, by the organic authentication of base adopting, cultivate ahead of time, do not use artificial synthetic agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, weed killer herbicide, growth regulator, hormone etc., organic thunder bamboo shoot are produced and reach nuisanceless, green, environmental protection growth, apply organic bamboo grove, organic manure, organic matter plastic mulching, cultivation, rational close planting, bamboo grove management, fertilising, the technology such as the extermination of disease and insect pest, make full use of organic base, fertilizer, water, light, heat, the conditions such as gas, create one and be conducive to organic thunder bamboo, the environment of thunder bamboo shoot growth, to reach premature labor, high yield, produce efficiently organic thunder bamboo shoot.
1, do well to cover, promote thunder bamboo to do sth. in advance bamboo shoot.
Grasp and cover organic matter while becoming thoroughly decomposed, the heat of generation, the time, improves bamboo grove soil property and heats effect, promotes thunder bamboo to do sth. in advance bamboo shoot.Under nature, when 10 ℃ of early March temperature, thunder bamboo shoot are unearthed.The soil temperature of thunder bamboo grove 20 centimetres of depths in January in area, Fenghua, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province is 65 ℃ of left and right, and February, the soil temperature of 20 centimetres of depths was 6.8 ℃ of left and right.Therefore,, thunder bamboo shoot ahead of time to New Year's Day, unearthed around the Spring Festival, must take temperature raising and maintaining measure, improve soil temperature, guarantee that the soil temperature after November remains on more than 10 ℃, promote thunder bamboo to do sth. in advance bamboo shoot.In the winter time, adopting covering organic matter to carry out forest land covering is the effective ways that improve soil temperature.The principle that covering heats is: the heat producing in organic matter digest process is to cover the thermal source heating, its essence is the organic process that discharges heat energy of microorganism decomposition, thereby the heat that rots to produce in process by organic matter improves soil temperature, promote thunder bamboo to do sth. in advance bamboo shoot.
2, be conducive to that microorganism is decomposed and the condition that promotes thunder bamboo to do sth. in advance bamboo shoot is:
(1) moisture is suitable, and soil temperature remains on more than 10 ℃, promotes thunder bamboo to do sth. in advance bamboo shoot.Bottom covering will contain appropriate moisture, with 60% for well, covering overdrying, organic matter rots too slow, produces heat and can not meet the unearthed condition of thunder bamboo shoot, and covering is excessively wet, bacterium is difficult to carry out aerobic respiration, is unfavorable for aerobic decomposition, does not produce heat.When the grasp essential factor of covering humidity, suit measures to local conditions.Weather is short of rain, should wet, and rainyly should do; Sandy loam can slightly wet, and cohesive soil should not be excessively wet; Level land is slightly dry, and hillside fields can be slightly wet.Lower floor is slightly wet, and upper strata will be done, and can extend the exothermic process that becomes thoroughly decomposed, to keep covering long period temperature raising and maintaining ability.Soil temperature will remain between 15～18 ℃.
(2) so the most important condition that oxygen is aerophile bacterium carries out aerobic respiration covers organic matter will loosen ventilation, ponding not.The leaf of bamboo, chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, barnyard manure, night soil, tangerine bar, green manure, straw, organic waste, wood chip, rice chaff etc. use and all possess above-mentioned condition after mixing.
(3) acid-base value (PH) is suitable.It is movable that most of microorganism is adapted under neutral and alkali condition.Can in covering, add a small amount of lime and regulate pH value, as added 2～3 kilograms of quicklimes in hundred kilograms of straw.
(4) C/N ratio (C/N) is suitable.It is 25: 1 that general microorganism is decomposed organic suitable C/N ratio, and the C/N ratio of dry rice straw, tangerine bar etc. is 67: 1.In covering, mix nitrogenous thing and just can regulate C/N ratio, for example hurdle is fertile and cut off dry rice straw and mix, or the tangerine bar cutting off sneaks into night soil etc., in order to organic decomposition, heat release.
3, the cover time:
According to the price (various places are different) of Ningbo City thunder bamboo shoot listing, the price in January and price are around the Spring Festival substantially consistent, after the positive 15th day of a month, the price of thunder bamboo shoot just starts to decline, so make thunder bamboo shoot good in economic efficiency, thunder bamboo shoot must be on New Year's Day, will have and measure in batch bamboo shoot around the Spring Festival, and the cover time can carry out at late November, December early and middle ten days.
4, cover organic matter:
Facts have proved, best with leaf of bamboo coverage effect, there is the place of the leaf of bamboo can adopt the leaf of bamboo.The place that has the resources such as chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, barnyard manure, night soil, tangerine bar, green manure, wood chip, straw, sugarcane skin, rice chaff, organic waste, can adopt above-mentioned resource.
5, covering method: can adopt the leaf of bamboo, chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, barnyard manure, night soil, tangerine bar, green manure, wood chip, straw, sugarcane skin, organic waste, rice chaff etc. to cover after mixing, its cladding thickness is 25～30 centimetres of left and right, covered with plastic film again on covering.
6, meet the requirement that early goes out thunder bamboo shoot moisture and temperature:
Lei Zhu is going out the sufficient moisture of bamboo shoot phase needs.Under nature, Lei Zhu 3, go out bamboo shoot April, rainfall is abundant at that time, can fully meet and bamboo shoot needs, and New Year's Day, general rainwater is few around the Spring Festival, therefore before covering, will water one time water, the quantity of watering is advisable to irrigate thunder Bamboo Soil.
Generally after bamboo grove is gone into operation, after mixing, cover with the leaf of bamboo, chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, barnyard manure, night soil, tangerine bar, green manure, wood chip, straw, sugarcane skin, organic waste, rice chaff etc. to December by the end of November every year, lid layer agricultural film again on covering again, cover bamboo grove 25～30cm thick, by thermometer measure control bamboo grove surface temperature 15～18 ℃ of left and right, exceed more than 20 ℃, open in time cover material.Not so, unfavorable bamboo shoot, the bamboo whip root of even burning, the bamboo shoot phase can be done sth. in advance 30～45 days.
7, density of bamboo forest and structure
By reasonable adjusting density of bamboo forest and structure, can keep there is suitable space in woods, improve bamboo grove and ventilate and illumination condition, keep staying foster bamboo to have vigorous bamboo shoot, send out bamboo ability, for bamboo grove high yield provides basic condition.Newly make bamboo grove, every strain is then stayed and is supported the anosis worm of 1～2 strain, and healthy and strong bamboo shoot are cultivated into Hsinchu; Within 2nd～4 years, increase year by year; After within the 5th year, growing into forest, every mu is stayed the thunder bamboo of supporting 700～800 strain stalwartnesses, notes staying foster bamboo to distribute and wants evenly.Stay and support the bamboo proportion in age of thunder bamboo: in bamboo grove 3 years raw bamboo ages should account for 30% left and right, the Hsinchu of life in 1～2 year accounts for 60%～70%; 4 years raw bamboo ages, generally not stay fosterly, above old bamboo is all cut down in life in 5 years.
8, the tip is cut in Hsinchu
Stay then foster Hsinchu growth children tender, should be at amputation in the 7～September bamboo tip 1/4～1/3, stay branch 13～14 dishes, can promote like this Hsinchu lignification, strengthen and improve the frost of Hsinchu to severe winter and cold spring and the defence capability of crushing by snow.
9, the control of damage by disease and insect
(1), select applicable organic thunder bamboo kind.Select kind to take an examination to consider to adapt to local soil and climatic characteristic, damage by disease and insect is had to resistance, mouthfeel is fresh and sweet, output is high organic thunder bamboo shoot, as spire thunder bamboo.
(2), rationally intercropping.Organic Lei Zhu base can adopt the intercropping such as wheat, green manure, beans, dish, and the intercropping of Lei Zhu base is conducive to the generation of organic thunder bamboo prevention and elimination of disease and pests and increases fertilizer soil fertility.
(3), adopt organic operating technology.In organic thunder bamboo shoot produce, certainly plant to plant extremely and gather in the crops and cause less about one-year age.Can adopt fertilizer and do the organic productions such as base manure, fertilizer accumulation, fertilizer plastic mulching, can increase like this resistance against diseases of organic thunder bamboo shoot, reduce the harm of generation, intrusion and the weeds of damage by disease and insect.
(4), rational close planting.Every mu of bamboo grove is to plant 700～800 strain thunder bamboos as radix.Can stay Newculms according to difference, select plantation radix, guarantee bamboo grove rational close planting, impel Lei Zhu to obtain sufficient sunlight, healthy and strong growth, strengthens anti-cancer ability.
(5), scientific management.Wet temp in control device, builds the wet temp environment that is unfavorable for that damage by disease and insect occurs, and has good effect to preventing and alleviating disease.Remove in time diseased plant, stubble, weeds etc., clean wooden land, middle parasitism and the source of infection of elimination damage by disease and insect.Destroy, destroy by fire, buried plant, weeds etc. with virus, sick worm, make full use of the resources such as natural light, heat, water, soil, fertilizer, impel Lei Zhu, thunder bamboo shoot to grow vigorously, strengthen resistance against diseases.
(6), biological, physical control.Organic thunder bamboo, the cultivation of thunder bamboo shoot can utilize pest natural enemy to carry out insect predation and control.Also can utilize the intrinsic light that becomes of insect, the taste performance that becomes to catch and kill insect.Wherein comparatively widely used have pheromones sex attractant, black light lamp to catch and kill the moth pests, utilizes the methods such as yellow plate trapping aphid, reaches kill pests, protects the effect of useful insect.
(7), utilize organic thunder bamboo, the cultivation of thunder bamboo shoot to allow some mineral matter and the plant medical agent that use to prevent and treat.Can use the anti-worms of curing the disease such as sulphur, lime, lime sulfur, bordeaux mixture.The short, bristly hair or beard thing that can be used for organic thunder bamboo, the production of thunder bamboo shoot has Dalmatian chrysanthemum, garlic, cordate houttuynia, China tree, peppermint etc.As with 2000～3000 times of liquid of neem oil control Liriomyzas, use that tansy 30g/L (fresh weight) is anti-to eliminate aphis and acarid etc.
(8), the damage by disease and insect of Lei Zhu mainly contains aphid, scale insect, bamboo locust and sooty mould.
Prevent and treat method:
1) aphid, sprays 40%～50% dimethoate emulsion 0.05%～0.1% solution or mieyajing, and mass fraction 0.2% solution is sprayed.
2) scale insect: 1～2 times, water is injected to bamboo chamber, every strain 1～2ml with flolimat.
3) bamboo locust: spray in time larva with 25% dimehypo 0.125%～0.167% solution:
4) sooty mould, early control and control little aphid simultaneously, scale insect can alleviate the sooty mould being caused by two worms, if find this disease, should, in time by suffering from bamboo grove under the sick secateurs of sooty mould bamboo, collect, place bamboo grove and outward concentrate and burn.
Invention achievement:
The organic thunder bamboo of anti-season, the culture technique of thunder bamboo shoot and the application of method, not only contribute to that we cultivate out organically, organic thunder bamboo shoot of high yield, high-quality, green, environmental protection, for people provide edible safety, nutrition, healthy relieved thunder bamboo shoot, and provide the technology and method of Cultivation for improving the per mu yield of organic thunder bamboo shoot, quantity, quality, make it reach per mu yield and surpass 2000～2200 kilograms, mu/year income surpasses the good harvest of 48000～74800 yuan of left and right.
The application of the organic thunder bamboo of anti-season, thunder bamboo shoot culture technique and method, it will, for China's Development of Organic Agriculture product plays a significant role, have very important promotional value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1: the organic thunder bamboo shoot that grow in the organic thunder bamboo of anti-season, thunder bamboo shoot base; The organic thunder bamboo of Fig. 2 quickly breeding anti-season; Fig. 3: the organic thunder bamboo shoot of anti-season; Fig. 4: the processing of organic thunder bamboo shoot.
Embodiment:
Example:
1, kind is selected: select spire thunder bamboo kind.
2, carry out organic thunder bamboo cultivation base OFDC authentication.
3, the selection in organic Lei Zhu base and whole ground (the same).
4, the excavation of Lei Zhu and afforestation (the same).
5, the management of thunder bamboo grove (the same)
6, anti-season is cultivated technical essential and the method for thunder bamboo, thunder bamboo shoot:
The organic thunder bamboo of anti-season, thunder bamboo shoot culture technique and method, by the organic authentication of base adopting, cultivate ahead of time, do not use artificial synthetic agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, weed killer herbicide, growth regulator, hormone etc., organic thunder bamboo shoot are produced and reach nuisanceless, green, environmental protection growth, apply organic bamboo grove, organic manure, organic matter plastic mulching, cultivation, rational close planting, bamboo grove management, fertilising, the technology such as the extermination of disease and insect pest, make full use of organic base, fertilizer, water, light, heat, the conditions such as gas, create an environment that is conducive to organic thunder bamboo shoot growth, to reach premature labor, high yield, produce efficiently organic thunder bamboo shoot.
(1) the thunder bamboo grove organic matter cover time: late November, December early and middle ten days carry out.
(2) cover organic matter: can adopt the leaf of bamboo, chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, barnyard manure, night soil, tangerine bar, green manure, wood chip, straw, sugarcane skin, have rice chaff, organic waste etc.
(3) organic matter covering method: can adopt the leaf of bamboo, chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, barnyard manure, night soil, tangerine bar, green manure, wood chip, straw, sugarcane skin, organic waste, rice chaff etc. to cover after certain proportion mixes, its cladding thickness is 25～30 centimetres of left and right, covered with plastic film again on covering.
(4) moisture is suitable: covering before organic matter, water irrigates bamboo grove soil, and to meet thunder bamboo shoot growth needs, bottom covering will contain appropriate moisture, with 60% for well.
(5) make Bamboo Soil temperature remain on 15～18 ℃.Organic coating temperature, between 18～25 ℃, meets the requirement of thunder bamboo shoot growth temperature.
(6) carry out the fertilizing management of thunder bamboo grove.Have every year for thunder bamboo: the feature in long whip phase, differentiation of shoot bud phase, pregnant bamboo shoot phase and long 4 vegetative period of bamboo shoot phase, apply fertilizers scientifically, promote the growth of bamboo shoots.Anti-season is cultivated thunder bamboo, the fertilising of thunder bamboo shoot bamboo grove can be carried out between 11～December, can execute and urge bamboo shoot fertilizer, short bamboo shoots how long, flesh up.Can execute and water 50% night soil 8～10kg by every Cong Zhu, execute cake fertilizer 1～1.5kg, organic green manure 15～20kg.Method is: first execute cake fertilizer, cover fertilizer again, after execute night soil.
(7) carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest of Lei Zhu.Mainly carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest to aphid, scale insect, bamboo locust and sooty mould etc.
(8) the thunder bamboo shoot that dig up in time, list marketing.
(9) select sturdy, cultivate into Hsinchu without the thunder bamboo shoot of damage by disease and insect, remove old bamboo more than 5 years bamboo ages.Make to stay the bamboo proportion in age of supporting thunder bamboo: in bamboo grove, 3 years raw bamboos account for 30% left and right, and the Hsinchu of life in 1～2 year accounts for 60%～70% right side.
Claims (1)
1. anti-season is cultivated a method for organic thunder bamboo shoot, it is characterized in that: an a kind of ahead of time method of cultivating organic thunder bamboo shoot season, cultivate in organic thunder bamboo shoot process in anti-season, by the organic thunder bamboo shoot authentication of base adopting, cultivate ahead of time, do not use artificial synthetic agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, weed killer herbicide, growth regulator, hormone, apply organic bamboo grove, organic manure, the selection of organic thunder bamboo kind, addressing, whole ground, determine strain, dig cave, fertilising, plantation afforestation, manage, fertilizer is carried out to Harmless processing, adopt organic matter plastic mulching, apply fertilizers scientifically, water, carry out prevention and elimination of disease and pests with mineral matter and plant medical agent, utilize pest natural enemy, what insect was intrinsic become light, the taste performance that becomes is catched and killed insect, adopt pheromones sex attractant, black light lamp is catched and killed the moth pests, utilize yellow plate trapping aphid method, reach kill pests, protect useful insect, make full use of light, heat, these conditions of gas, create one and be conducive to organic thunder bamboo, the environment of thunder bamboo shoot growth, organic thunder bamboo shoot are produced and reach nuisanceless, green, environmental protection growth, to reach premature labor, high yield, the organic thunder bamboo shoot of High-efficient Production, increase economic well-being of workers and staff, its concrete grammar is as follows:
(1), create organic thunder bamboo shoot cultivation base:
1), organic thunder bamboo shoot base, to carry out the authentication of OFDC certification authority in China; Set up buffer strip or physical barrier; The requirement of surrounding isolation strip, base length is for being separated by 8 meters;
2), select the integrality in organic thunder bamboo shoot base; The soil in base should be complete plot, can not accompany therebetween and carry out the conventional plot producing, but allow to exist organic conversion plot; Organic thunder bamboo shoot production base and conventional plot intersection must have visible marking, the artificial isolation strip arranging;
3), there is the transition period: wanted for 2 years by conventional grown place system to the conversion of organic production base, thereafter after the thunder bamboo shoot of cultivation results, just as organic products; Thunder bamboo shoot, need to be through just becoming organic thunder bamboo shoot 3 year conversion time before results; The time started of transition period, the producer must operate by organic production requirement completely in the transition period from calculating from certification authority's application authentication; The thunder bamboo shoot that grow in bamboo grove after organic conversion in 1 year, sell as organic conversion crop;
(2), the selection in organic Lei Zhu base, whole ground, determine strain, dig cave, fertilising, selection, excavation and the plantation afforestation of Lei Zhu, management method:
1), the addressing in base:
The foundation in Lei Zhu base should be selected to have a good transport service, flat slope or the level land of the gradient between 3～5 degree, soil is deep, small stream river bank bank, beach ground and the well-drained vacant lot of Around the house of the low mound of loose fertile, moistening, subacidity or neutral sandy loam, Plain, alluviation;
2), wholely, determine strain:
The whole ground in Lei Zhu base, takes entirely to cultivate whole ground, and before afforestation, weeds, shrub, stub, stone in removing garden, cultivate dark 25～30cm, and ground is high in the middle of accomplishing, surrounding is low; Adopt long 2.5 meters × wide 2.5 meters to divide grid, fixed 1 acupuncture point at every 1 grid center, every mu of kind 110 strains, or adopt long 3 meters × wide 3 meters to divide grid, and fixed 1 acupuncture point at every 1 grid center, every mu of kind 75 strains, determine rational close planting number;
3), dig cave, fertilising:
Dig cave by the predetermined strain number of planting; Dig cave specification: diameter 50～60cm, dark 60～70cm, cake fertilizer 1～1.5kg and fertilizer 20～25kg for every cave, and soil mixes thoroughly, in backfill cave;
4), the selection of Lei Zhu, excavation and plantation method of forestation:
The system of selection of a, organic thunder bamboo shoot kind: kind is selected should consider to adapt to local soil and climatic characteristic, has organic thunder bamboo and identifies definite bamboo kind, and damage by disease and insect is had to the kind of resistance and the kind of premature labor bamboo shoot, can select " spire thunder bamboo ";
B, female bamboo system of selection: select female bamboo at people's breastheight place, its girth is at 8～18cm, 1～2 year raw Hsinchu, branch is short, branches and leaves are luxuriant, and the thunder bamboo of anosis worm, robust growth is female bamboo;
The method for digging of c, female bamboo: when female bamboo is excavated, stay whip 20～30cm, remove whip 30～40cm, protection whip bud and whip root; Female bamboo root and stem of certain plants band mass of soil diameter is no less than 30cm, and after female bamboo has dug, with straw rope or sackcloth bag mass of soil, then, beta pruning defoliation, stays branch 6～8 dishes, cuts the bamboo tip, and otch is smooth, defoliation 3/4ths; In case moisture evaporation, and water water in bamboo root soil portion;
The plantation method of forestation of d, Lei Zhu:
1., Afforestation Time: 9～November of autumn and winter or February in early spring;
2., method for planting: plant in time after female bamboo is transported to planting site, suitably finishing cave is native with pad before cultivation; Again female bamboo is put into cave, untie straw rope or sackcloth bag, allow whip root naturally unfold, make the native close contact of bamboo root and stem of certain plants bottom and pad, make female bamboo root and stem of certain plants soil face than the dark 8～10cm of the native face in cave, more from bottom to top, back-filling in layers cave soil, the outer cave of steady and sure bamboo root and stem of certain plants soil, makes bamboo whip closely engage with cave soil, after planting, water and determine strain cave night soil 15～20kg, then train that one deck is thin to loosen the soil, on cave, cover one deck straw or stalk, then cover nylon film, surrounding is good by soil pressure, to keep moisture, improve survival rate;
3., green manuring or vegetables; Utilize the vacant lot outside plantation female bamboo cave, plantation Chinese milk vetch or lucerne or vegetables, with the organic soil of fostering and apply fertilizer;
5), the management method of thunder bamboo grove:
A, after-culture in time; Afforestation then, is pulled out and after-culture in time for withered female bamboo;
B, weeding are loosened the soil; Loosen the soil by weeding, the contention weeding a garden to thunder bamboo liquid manure, improves organic performance of soil, favourable promotion organic bamboo shoot growth;
C, by rationally regulating density of bamboo forest and structure, can keep there is suitable space in woods, improve bamboo grove and ventilate and illumination condition, keep staying and support bamboo and have vigorous bamboo shoot, send out bamboo ability, for bamboo grove high yield provides basic condition; Newly make bamboo grove, every strain is then stayed and is supported the anosis worm of 1～2 strain, and healthy and strong bamboo shoot are cultivated into Hsinchu; Within 2nd～4 years, increase year by year; After within the 5th year, growing into forest, every mu is stayed and supports the thunder bamboo of 700～800 strain stalwartnesses, notes staying supporting bamboo and distributing and want evenly, stay the bamboo proportion in age of supporting thunder bamboo: in bamboo grove 3 years raw bamboo ages account for 30% left and right, the Hsinchu of life in 1～2 year accounts for 60%～70%; 4 years raw bamboo ages, generally not stay fosterly, above old bamboo is all cut down in life in 5 years;
The tip is cut in d, Hsinchu:
Stay then foster Hsinchu growth children tender, should be at amputation in the 7～September bamboo tip 1/4～1/3, stay branch 13～14 dishes, promote like this Hsinchu lignification, strengthen and improve the frost of Hsinchu to severe winter and cold spring and the defence capability of crushing by snow;
(3), the Harmless processing of organic manure: fertilizer need carry out Harmless processing in 2～3 months before executing, or just carries out fertilizer to carry out Harmless processing the year before; At summer or high temperature season, fertilizer is added to 2～3% lime, that water-sprinkling is mixed is wet, accumulation, plastic covering film, makes its abundant fermentation maturity; In yeast phase heap, temperature is up to 60～70 ℃, can effectively kill in farm organic fertilizer with sick worm and crop smothering, and fertilizer after treatment is easily absorbed by organic thunder bamboo, thunder bamboo shoot;
(4), adopt green manure, fertilizer; Adopt the fertilizer that homemade Chicken dung, duck excrement, pig manure, barnyard manure, night soil, stalk, straw, green manure, compost, ash, the leaf of bamboo, sugarcane skin, cake fertilizer, scorched clay dust are raw material or use organic grow special fertilizer and part mineral matter;
(5), the method for preventing and treating of damage by disease and insect:
1), select that damage by disease and insect is had to resistance, mouthfeel is fresh and sweet, output is high organic thunder bamboo shoot;
2), rationally intercropping; Organic Lei Zhu base adopts wheat, green manure, beans, dish intercropping, and the intercropping of Lei Zhu base is conducive to the generation of organic thunder bamboo prevention and elimination of disease and pests and increases fertilizer soil fertility;
3), adopt organic operating technology; In organic thunder bamboo shoot produce, certainly plant and plant to gathering in the crops at least one year; Adopt fertilizer to do base manure, fertilizer accumulation, fertilizer plastic mulching organic production, can increase like this resistance against diseases of organic thunder bamboo shoot, reduce the harm of generation, intrusion and the weeds of damage by disease and insect;
4), rational close planting; Every mu of bamboo grove, to plant 700～800 strain thunder bamboos as radix, stays Newculms according to difference, selects plantation radix, guarantees bamboo grove rational close planting, impels Lei Zhu to obtain sufficient sunlight, and healthy and strong growth, strengthens resistance against diseases;
5) wet temp, in control device, builds the wet temp environment that is unfavorable for that damage by disease and insect occurs, and has good effect to preventing and alleviating disease;
6), apply organic bamboo grove, organic manure, carry out prevention and elimination of disease and pests with mineral matter and plant medical agent; Mineral matter: with sulphur, lime, lime sulfur, bordeaux mixture; Plant medical agent: with Dalmatian chrysanthemum, garlic, cordate houttuynia, China tree, the anti-worm of curing the disease of peppermint; With 2000～3000 times of liquid control Liriomyzas of neem oil, use tansy 30g/L fresh weight to prevent eliminating aphis and acarid;
7), the method for preventing and treating of aphid, scale insect, bamboo locust and sooty mould:
A, aphid, spray 40%～50% dimethoate emulsion 0.05%～0.1% solution or mieyajing, and mass fraction 0.2% solution is sprayed;
B, scale insect: 1～2 times, water is injected to bamboo chamber, every strain 1～2ml with flolimat;
C, bamboo locust: spray in time larva with 25% dimehypo 0.125%～0.167% solution;
D, sooty mould, early control and control little aphid, scale insect simultaneously, alleviates the sooty mould being caused by two worms, if find this disease, in time by suffering from bamboo grove under the sick secateurs of sooty mould bamboo, collects, and places bamboo grove and concentrate and burn outward;
8), with biological control: utilize pest natural enemy, the intrinsic light that becomes, the taste performance that becomes of insect to catch and kill insect, adopt pheromones sex attractant, black light lamp to catch and kill the moth pests, utilize yellow these methods of plate trapping aphid, reach kill pests, protect useful insect;
(6), organic matter plastic mulching method:
Grasp and cover organic matter while becoming thoroughly decomposed, the heat of generation, the time, improves bamboo grove soil property and heats effect, promotes thunder bamboo to do sth. in advance bamboo shoot; Take temperature raising and maintaining measure, improve soil temperature, guarantee that the soil temperature after November remains on more than 10 ℃, promote thunder bamboo to do sth. in advance bamboo shoot; In the winter time, adopting covering organic matter to carry out forest land covering is the effective ways that improve soil temperature;
1), the organic matter plastic mulching time: late November, December early and middle ten days carry out;
2), organic matter plastic mulching method: adopt the leaf of bamboo, chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, barnyard manure, night soil, stalk, green manure, wood chip, straw, sugarcane skin, organic waste, these organic matters of rice chaff, after mixing, certain proportion covers, its cladding thickness is 25～30 centimetres, covered with plastic film again on covering; Before covering organic matter, water irrigates bamboo grove soil, and to meet thunder bamboo shoot growth needs, bottom covering will contain appropriate moisture, is 60%; Make Bamboo Soil temperature remain on 15～18 ℃, organic coating temperature, between 18～25 ℃, meets the requirement of thunder bamboo shoot growth temperature; At 15～18 ℃, exceed 20 ℃ by thermometer measure control bamboo grove surface temperature, open in time cover material;
(7), apply fertilizers scientifically, water and without weed killer herbicide:
1), apply fertilizers scientifically:
A, fertilizing amount: the soil of organic thunder bamboo shoot plantation, in the time of manure use material, should be accomplished: use the ratio of animal and plant fertilizer to rest in 1: 1; 1500～2000 kilograms of every mu of organic fertilizers, 100～150 kilograms, cake fertilizer, imposes 40～50 kilograms of organic fertilizers, 1800～2000 kilograms of night soils;
B, use sufficient base fertilizer: total fertilization amount 70～80%, as base fertilizer, is beneficial to thunder bamboo Root Absorption;
C, skilful spraying fertilizer: when the growth of thunder bamboo shoot, organic fertilizer be sprinkled into Lei Zhugen side and water water, or watering around thunder bamboo root after being in harmonious proportion with the night soil water becoming thoroughly decomposed;
D, execute and urge bamboo shoot fertilizer, every Cong Zhu to execute and water 50% night soil 6～10kg, execute organic green manure 15～20kg; Method is: first cover fertilizer, after execute night soil;
E, execute long whip fertilizer, every Cong Zhu executes the night soil 8～10kg with water 30%, organic fertilizer 18～25kg;
F, execute vernalization fertilizer, every Cong Zhu executes the night soil 8～10kg with water 20%, organic fertilizer 20～25kg;
G, execute pregnant bamboo shoot fertilizer, every Cong Zhu executes cake fertilizer 1～1.5kg, farm organic fertilizer 25～30kg, execute and the night soil 8～10kg of water 20%; Method is: first execute cake fertilizer, then cover fertilizer, after execute night soil;
2), scientific consumption of water:
Moisture is suitable, and soil temperature remains on more than 10 ℃, promotes thunder bamboo to do sth. in advance bamboo shoot; Bottom covering will contain appropriate moisture, is 60%; When the grasp essential factor of covering humidity, suit measures to local conditions; Weather is short of rain, should wet, and rainyly should do; Sandy loam is slightly wet, and cohesive soil should not be excessively wet; Level land is slightly dry, and hillside fields is slightly wet; Lower floor is slightly wet, and upper strata will be done, and extends the exothermic process that becomes thoroughly decomposed, to keep covering long period temperature raising and maintaining ability; Soil temperature will remain between 15～18 ℃;
3), in organic thunder bamboo shoot cultivation process without weed killer herbicide, utilize black film mulching, suppress weed growth; Use the fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed completely through high temperature composting, thereby kill weed seed, reduce the growth of organic thunder bamboo ground weeds; The culture technique that employing restriction weed growth is grown, controls weeds: provide and use stalk, these covering weedings of straw; Adopt artificial, machinery and electric heating weeding; Ban use of gene engineering product and chemical herbicide weeding.
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